North Sulawesi

North Sulawesi (Indonesian: Sulawesi

Utara) is a province of Indonesia. It is
located on the northeastern peninsula of
the island of Sulawesi, on the Minahasa
Peninsula, lies south of Philippines and
southeast of Sabah, Malaysia. It borders
Davao and Soccsksargen regions of the
Philippines to the north, the Maluku Sea to
the east, Gorontalo and Celebes Sea to the
west and the Gulf of Tomini to the
southwest. The province's area is
13851.64 sq.km, and its population was
2,270,596 according to the 2010 census;[2]
this rose to 2,409,921 at the 2015
Intermediate Census, and the latest official
estimate (for 1 July 2019) is 2,512,900.[3]
 North Sulawesi
Sulawesi Utara

Province

Clockwise, from top left : The view of Mount

Tumpa from Malalayang Beach, Mount Lokon,
Lake Tondano, Teluk Buyat Beach, Bentenan
Beach, A landscape in North Sulawesi, Bunaken
and Manado Tua.
 Flag

Motto(s): Si Tou Timou Tumou Tou (Minahasan)

Coat of arms
(Human purpose in life is to nurture and educate
others)

Location of North Sulawesi in Indonesia

Coordinates: 1°15′N 124°50′E

Country Indonesia

Established 14 August 1959

Founded by Sam Ratulangi

Capital Manado
and largest city

Government

 • Body North Sulawesi

Regional Government
 • Governor Olly Dondokambey (PDI-
P)
 • Vice Governor Steven Kandouw

Area

 • Total 13,851.64 km2
(5,348.15 sq mi)

Area rank 27th

Highest elevation 1,995 m (6,545 ft)

Population (mid 2019)[1]

 • Total 2,512,900

 • Density 180/km2 (470/sq mi)

Demographics

 • Ethnic groups Minahasan,

Mongondow, Sangirese,
Talaud, Gorontaloan,
 Chinese, Bugis,
 • Religion Protestantism
Javanese (63.6%),
Roman Catholicism
(4.4%), Islam (30.9%),
Hinduism (0.58%),
Buddhism (0.14%),
Confucianism (0.02%),
Judaism

 • Languages Indonesian (official)

Manado Malay (lingua
franca)
Regional languages:
Bantik, Bintauna,
Mongondow, Ratahan,
Sangirese, Talaud,
Tombulu, Tondano,
Tonsawang, Tonsea,
Tontemboan

Time zone UTC+8 (Indonesia

 Central Time)
Postcodes 90xxx, 91xxx, 92xxx

Area codes (+62) 4xx

ISO 3166 code ID-SA

Vehicle registration DB, DL (Sangihe &

Talaud Islands)

HDI 0.722 (High)

HDI rank 7th (2018)

Largest city by area Bitung – 302.89 square

kilometres
(116.95 sq mi)

Largest city by Manado – (432,300 in

population 2019)

Largest regency by Bolaang Mongondow

area Regency – 2,871.65
 square kilometres
Largest regency by Minahasa Regency –
(1,108.75 sq mi)
population (341,500 in 2019)

Website Government official

site

The province's capital and largest city is

Manado, which is also the main gateway
and the economic center of the province.
Other major towns includes Tomohon and
Bitung. There are 41 mountains with an
altitude ranging from 1,112–1,995 metres
(3,648–6,545 ft). Most geologic conditions
in the province are consisted mainly of
young volcanic regions, with numerous
eruptions and many active volcanic cones
that adorn the central Minahasa, Bolaang
Mongondow and Sangihe Islands.

Black crested macaques living in the Tangkoko nature

reserve near Bitung

North Sulawesi in the past was an area of

potential spices, rice and gold which
became a battleground for the interests of
economic hegemony between the
Portuguese, Spanish, Dutch and the
Kingdoms around this area, which
ultimately led to political and military
struggles. The past of this region also
became the trading route between west
and east and the spread of Christianity,
Islam and belief or religion brought by
Chinese merchants. The Portuguese first
landed on the area at the 16th century.
Following decades of war between the
Portuguese, the Spanish and the Dutch to
control the area, the area ultimately fell to
the Dutch at the 17th century. The Dutch
ruled the area for three centuries, before
being ousted by the Japanese on the eve
of World War II. Following the Japanese
surrender in 1945, the Dutch briefly
regained possession of the area, before
finally leaving for good in 1949, following
the Round Table Conference, in which the
Dutch recognized the newly created United
States of Indonesia (RIS). Thus, North
Sulawesi was incorporated into the
territory of the State of East Indonesia
(NIT). Because it was not in accordance
with the will of the people, NIT was finally
dissolved and then merged into the
Republic of Indonesia. On 17 August 1950,
the RIS was officially disbanded and then
re-formed as the Unitary State of the
Republic of Indonesia. The island of
Sulawesi was governed briefly as a single
province, before being separated into
several different provinces. Thus, the
province of North Sulawesi was created on
14 August 1959.

Etymology
The area around North Sulawesi used to
be called Minahasa. The name is still used
sometimes to refer to the province. The
word Minahasa is etymologically derived
from the words Mina-Esa (Minaesa) or
Maesa which means being one or uniting,
meaning hope to unite various sub-ethnic
groups of Minahasa consisting of
Tontemboan, Tombulu, Tonsea, Tolour
(Tondano), Tonsawang, Ponosakan,
Pasan, And Bantik. The word "Minahasa"
itself was only used during the colonial
era. "Minahasa" is generally interpreted as
"having become one". Based on several
historical documents, the word "Minahasa"
is firstly used by J.D. Schierstein, the Dutch
regent of Manado, in his report to the
Governor of Maluku on 8 October 1789.
The word "Minahasa" in his report is
defined as Landraad or "State Council" or
"Regional Council".

History
Pre-Colonial Era
Archaeological research has revealed
signs of human life in North Sulawesi since
30,000 years ago, based on evidence in the
cave Liang Sarru on the island of Salibabu.
Other evidence shows life about 6,000
years ago on the Passo Hillside Site in
Kakas District and 4,000 years ago to early
AD at the Liang Tuo Mane'e cave in
Arangkaa on Karakelang Island.

Colonial Period

At the end of the 16th century, Portuguese

and Spanish arrived in North Sulawesi. As
Europeans arrived, the Ternate Sultanate
had an influence in North Sulawesi,
frequented by Bugis traders from South
Sulawesi. The wealth of Minahasa's
natural resources makes Manado a
strategic port for European traders going
to and from Maluku. The Portuguese
nation was the first western nation to
arrive in North Sulawesi, a Portuguese ship
anchored on the island of Manado in the
Kingdom of Manado in 1521. The northern
islands of the peninsula were under the
control of the Sultanate of Maguindanao
during the time.[4] The Spanish ship docked
on the island of Talaud and Siau, on to
Ternate. The Portuguese built the fort at
Amurang. Spain built the Fort in Manado,
since then Minahasa started in control of
Spain. The resistance against the Spanish
occupation culminated in 1660–1664. The
Dutch ship landed in Manado City in 1660
in assisting the struggle of the Minahasa
Confederation against Spain. The United
Nations republican association of
members of the Minahasa Confederation
entered into a Trade Agreement with the
VOC. This trade cooperation agreement
then made the VOC monopolize the trade,
which gradually began to impose its will,
eventually leading to the 1700s resistance
in Ratahan which culminated in the Dutch
Minahasa-War in 1809–1811 at Tondano.
The Spanish had colonized the Philippine
Islands at the time and Minahasa was
made a coffee plantation imported from
South America because of its fertile
Minahasa land. Manado was further
developed by Spain to become a center of
coffee trade for Chinese merchants. With
the help of Minahasan tribes who became
allies, Spain captured the Portuguese fort
at Amurang in the 1550s, and the Spanish
colonists then built the fort in Manado, so
that eventually Spain controlled all
Minahasa. In the 16th century one of the
first Indo-Eurasian communities in the
archipelago appeared in Manado. The first
king of Manado, Muntu Untu (1630) is
actually a half Spanish ancestry. Spain
then handed over Minahasa to the
Portuguese in exchange for 350,000
ducats in a treaty. The rulers of Minahasa
sent Supit, Pa'at, and Lontoh to ally with
the Dutch to expel the Portuguese from
Minahasa. In 1655 they finally excelled,
built their own fortress in 1658 and drove
out the last Portuguese a few years later.
By the beginning of the 17th century the
Dutch had overthrown the sultanate of
Ternate, and began to close the influence
of Spain and Portugal in the archipelago. In
1677 the Dutch conquered the Sangir
archipelago and, two years later, Robert
Padtbrugge, the governor of Maluku,
visited Manado. His arrival resulted in an
agreement with the Minahasan chiefs who
led to Dutch domination for the next 300
years although the direct rule by the Dutch
only began in 1870. The Dutch helped unify
the Minahasa confederation, and in 1693
the Minahnians obtained an absolute
military victory against the Mongondow
tribe in the south. Dutch influence
flourished with the development of
Christianity and European culture in the
land of Minahasa. The missionary schools
in Manado in 1881 were one of the first
attempts of mass education in Indonesia,
providing an opportunity for graduates to
find employment as civil servants, army,
and other high positions in the Dutch East
Indies government. Minahasa relations
with the Dutch are often poor. There was a
war between the Dutch and Tondano in
1807 and 1809, and the Minahasa territory
was not under Dutch direct rule until 1870.
But eventually the Dutch and Minahasa
became very close to Minahasa often
referred to as the 12th Dutch province.
Even in 1947, Manado formed the political
movement of Twapro, short for Twaalfde
Profincie (Twelfth Province) who appealed
for formal integration of Minahasa into the
Kingdom of the Netherlands.
Independence

The Japanese occupation of 1942–45 was

a period of deprivation, and the allied
forces bombed Manado greatly in 1945.
During the period of independence
thereafter, there was a split between pro-
Indonesian and pro-Dutch Minahasa. The
appointment of Sam Ratulangi as the first
East Indonesia governor then succeeded in
winning Minahasa support to the Republic
of Indonesia. After Indonesian
independence, Indonesia is divided into 8
Provinces, and Sulawesi is one of these
provinces. Sulawesi's first governor was
S.G.J.Ratulangi, also known as a national
hero. In 1948 in Sulawesi was formed the
State of East Indonesia, which later
became one of the states within the United
States of Indonesia. The State of East
Indonesia was dissolved, and merged into
the Republic of Indonesia. Based on Law
Number 13 Year 1964, formed North
Sulawesi Province. 14 August 1959 was
designated as the anniversary of the
province.

In March 1957, North and South Sulawesi

military leaders held a confrontation with
Java, with demands for greater regional
autonomy. They called for more active
development, a fairer distribution of taxes,
assistance against Kahar Muzakar's
rebellion in South Sulawesi, and a central
government cabinet headed by Sukarno
and Hatta in balance. At first the
movement of the 'Permesta' (Charter of
the Struggle of the Universe) was merely a
movement of reform rather than a
separatist movement.

Negotiations between the central

government and Sulawesi military leaders
prevented violence in South Sulawesi, but
Minahasan leaders were not satisfied with
the outcome of the agreement and the
movement broke out. Fearful of southern
dominance, Minahasan leaders declared
their own North Sulawesi autonomous
state in June 1957. At that time the central
government had controlled South
Sulawesi, but in the North there were no
strong figures of the central government
and there were rumors that the United
States was armed with rebellion in
Sumatra North, also has links with
Minahasan leaders.

The possibility of foreign intervention

prompted the central government to
request military assistance from southern
Sulawesi. The Permesta forces were later
removed from Central Sulawesi, Gorontalo,
Sangir, and Morotai in Maluku. Permesta
planes (supplied by the US and flown by
Philippine, Taiwanese, and American
Pilots) were destroyed. The US then
moved on, and in June 1958 the central
government army landed in Minahasa. The
Permesta uprising ended in mid-1961.

The effects of the Sumatra and Sulawesi

rebellions ultimately increased what the
rebels wanted to fight against. Central
government authority increased while
regional autonomy weakened, radical
nationalism strengthened than pragmatic
moderation, communist party power and
Sukarno increased while Hatta weakened,
and Sukarno finally established guided
democracy in 1958.

Since the 1998 reforms, the Indonesian

government has begun to adopt laws that
enhance regional autonomy, the main idea
that Permesta fights for.

Environment
Climate

Climate areas of North Sulawesi include

tropical ones affected by muzon winds. In
the months of November to April the West
winds bring rain on the north coast,
whereas in May to October a dry south
wind changes. Uneven rainfall with annual
rates ranging from 2000 to 3000 mm, and
the number of rainy days between 90–139
days. Temperatures are at every level up to
the height of the cool as the city area
Tomohon, Langowan in Minahasa,
Modoinding in Minahasa Selatan,
Kotamobagu, Modayag and Pasi in
Bolaang Mongondow District. The area
that receives the most rainfall is the
Minahasa area. Temperatures average 25
degrees Celsius. The average maximum air
temperature was recorded at 30 degrees
Celsius and the minimum average air
temperature was 22.1 degrees Celsius.
The air humidity was 73.4%. However, the
temperature is also affected by the
altitude of the place above sea level. The
higher the location, the lower the
temperature also, with the calculation of
every 100 meters increase can lower the
temperature around 0.6 degrees Celsius.

Geography

The province of North Sulawesi is located

in the northern peninsula of Sulawesi
Island and is one of three provinces in
Indonesia which has geoposition,
geostrategy and geopolitical advantages
and is located on the Pacific Rim. The
other two provinces are North Sumatra
and Aceh Special Region. Viewed from
geographical location, North Sulawesi is
located at 0.30–4.30 North Latitude (Lu)
and 121–127 East Longitude (BT). The
position of the peninsula stretches from
east to west with the northernmost
regions are the Sangihe and Talaud
Islands. The archipelago is adjacent to
neighboring Philippines. The area of North
Sulawesi has boundaries:

Nort h Celebes Sea, Pacific Ocean and t he Philippines

Sout h Gulf of Tomini

East Maluku Sea, Maluku and Nort h Maluku

West Goront alo

Most of the mainland area of North

Sulawesi Province consists of mountains
and hills interspersed by the valleys that
make up the land. The mountains are
located with a height above 1,000 above
sea level. Some mountains in North
Sulawesi are Mount Klabat (1,895 m) in
North Minahasa, Mount Lokon (1,579 m),
Mount Mahawu (1,331 m) in Tomohon,
Mount Soputan (1,789 m) in Southeast
Minahasa, Mount Dua Saudara (1,468 m) in
Bitung, Mount Awu (1,784), Mount Space
(1,245 m), Mount Karangketang (1,320 m),
Mount Dalage (1,165 m), in Sangihe and
Talaud, Mount Ambang (1,689 m), Mount
Gambula (1954 m) and Mount Batu
Balawan (1,970 m).
The lakes in this area potentially have
economic value for the development of the
field of tourism, irrigation and energy. The
lakes are Lake Tondano with an area of
4,278 ha in Minahasa, Lake Moat covering
617 ha in East Bolaang Mongondow. In
general, rivers are used for various
purposes, among others, for irrigation as
well as a source of electricity and drinking
water sources. The rivers are Tondano
River (40 km), Poigar River (54.2 km),
Ranoyapo River (51.9 km), Talawaan River
(34.8 km) in Minahasa. Other major rivers
are located in Bolmong and Bolmut
namely Dumoga River (87.2 km), Sangkub
River (53.6 km), Ongkaw River (42.1 km).
Along the coast of North Sulawesi, both on
the mainland coast and on the coast of
the islands, there are several headlands
(Indonesian: Tanjung) and bays
(Indonesian: Teluk). Some of the prominent
headlands are Tanjun Atep, Tanjung
Pulisan, Tanjung Salimburung, Tanjung
Kelapa in Minahasa. Tanjung Binta,
Tanjung Dulang, Tanjung Flesko and
Tanjung Tanango in Bolmong. While in
Sangihe and Talaud namely Tanjung Binta,
Tanjung Barurita, Tanjung Bulude, Tanjung
Bunangkem, Tanjung Buwu and Tanjung
Esang. The well-known bays of this region
include Amurang Bay, Teluk Belang,
Manado Bay, Kema Bay (Minahasa and
Manado), Tombolata Bay, Taludaa Bay and
Bolaang Telun (Bolmong), Manganitu Bay,
Map Bay, Miulu Bay, Dago Bay and
Ngalipeang Bay (Sangihe and Talaud). The
cape and bay are known as places of trade
and tourism.

The structure of the land in North Sulawesi

in the form of Latosol covering 531,000 ha
spread in several areas, among others:
Tagulandang, Tamako, Manganitu,
Kendahe, Tabukan Utara, Esang, Pineleng,
Tomohon, Tombariri, Airmadidi, Kakas,
Eris, Kombi, Tareran, Passi, Modayag,
Pinolocian and Bolaang. Alluvial soil
structure of 75,000 ha spread over several
regions, including the Tabukan Tengah,
Lirung, Likupang, Wori, Tombasian, Tenga,
New Tompaso, Belang and Tondano.

Regosol soil structure covering 81,000 ha

spread across several areas, among
others, Klabat, Dua Saudara, Soputan and
North Bitung, Dimembe, Airmadidi,
Langowan, Tombasian, Tombatu and
Tumpaan. Soil structure andosol of 15,000
hectares, spread across several areas
between: in Tomohon, Kawangkoan,
Tompaso, Langowan, and Modoinding.
Apart from the structure of the land
mentioned, others including soil types
complex covering an area of
approximately 76.5 percent of total area of
North Sulawesi province so that the area
was fertile for agriculture.

Flora and Fauna

In general, the varieties of flora and fauna

in North Sulawesi are similar to those in
other parts of Indonesia, except for some
animals not found in other areas such as
Deer, Maleo, Taong, Mini Tarsius Spectrum
in Bitung City Nature Reserve And
Coelacanth off the coast of Manado. This
area there are no wild animals except the
type of snake and crocodile that there are
not many.
In the sea off North Sulawesi, there are
several species of fish, coral, and
plankton. Several types of famous marine
fish and is one source of foreign exchange,
among others: tuna, skipjack, yellow tail,
lobsters, and others. The condition of flora
can be said that the mainland of North
Sulawesi partly dominated by forest.
Forest forest cover ranges from 300
meters from sea level to mountain tops
with various types of good quality timber,
including ebony (wooden) iron wood,
linggua wood, cempaka wood, wooden
nantu, gopasa wood, meranti wood, There
are also rattan, and various types of
Dammar. In addition, there are many
plantation crops such as coconut, nutmeg,
and cloves.

Demographics

Religion in North Sulawesi (2010 Census)

Religion percent
Protestantism   63.60%
Islam   30.90%
Roman Catholicism 4.40%
Hinduism 0.58%
Not Asked 0.29%
Buddhism 0.14%
Others 0.06%
Confucianism 0.02%
Not Stated 0.01%
North Sulawesi recorded 2,270,596 people
in the decennial 2010 Census, growing at
1.41% over the previous census.[5] The
slowest growing regency was that of the
Sangihe Islands. In 2010, about 68% were
Christian (predominantly Protestant with a
sizable Catholic minority), one of the few
exceptions in the predominantly Muslim
Indonesia, due to the prominent Dutch
missionary activity during the colonial era.
Also, because the Muslim-majority region
of Gorontalo (then comprising a city and
two regencies) was split off to form a new
province in 2000. There are also Muslim,
Hindu, and Buddhist minorities. The largest
ethnic groups are the Minahasan in the
north of the province and the Mongondow
to the south. The province's chief city is
Manado with population of 432,300 people
in mid 2019.

Religion

Contrary to other provinces of Indonesia,

most of the people of North Sulawesi
adheres to Christianity, the next is Islam
and then Hinduism. Christianity is the
majority religion in those districts and
cities comprised in the Islands and
Minahasa, while Islam is the majority
religion in those districts and city
comprised in the Bolaang Mongondow.
Most of the Christians in North Sulawesi
adhere to Protestantism, while significant
Roman Catholicism communities also
exist in Manado and Bitung. Chinese folk
religions such as Confucianism and
Taoism also exist, which is mostly
concentrated in Manado, which has a
significant Chinese population. Manado
also has a significant Judaism community.
Currently, the only synagogue in Indonesia
is located in Manado. There are around an
estimated of 800 people in Manado who
adheres to Judaism. As the Indonesian
government only recognize six religions,
those who adheres to Judaism can only
put the officially unsanctioned religion in
their ID cards.

Ethnicity

Chinese Temple located near Manado

The Minahasan is the dominant ethnic

group in the province. They are the most
populous ethnic group in the Minahassa
Peninsula. They mostly lived in areas
covering Bitung City, Manado City,
Tomohon City, Minahasa Regency, North
Minahasa Regency, South Minahasa
Regency and Southeast Minahasa
Regency. Other ethnic groups are the
Bolaang Mongondow, Sangihe, Talaud and
Siau. Ethnicity in North Sulawesi is more
heterogeneous then other parts of
Indonesia. The Minahasan and Bolaang
Mongondow are spread almost throughout
the region of North Sulawesi mainland.
The Sangihe, Talaud and Siau mostly
inhabit the Sangihe Islands, Talaud Island,
and Lembeh Island, especially in coastal
areas north, east and west of mainland
North Sulawesi. The Bajau people are
seafaring nomads who has migrated from
the Sulu Archipelago in the Philippines, due
to the conflict in Mindanao. They inhabits
several coastal villages of North Sulawesi
in the northern part of North Minahasa
Regency.

In addition to the natives, North Sulawesi

is also home to migrants. There are a
significant Chinese population in North
Sulawesi, especially around the city of
Manado. The Chinese are also one of the
first people to have contact with the local
people before the European came.
According to the discovery of Chinese
ancient letters in the Tompaso area,
Minahasa shows the cultural interaction
between the Chinese and Minahasa have
existed since the Han dynasty. Most of the
Chinese population in North Sulawesi are
Hakka, while small number of Hokkien and
Cantonese population also exist.

Other ethnic groups such as the Javanese

and the Sundanese also exist. They are
mostly migrated from where they come
from due to the Transmigration program
enacted by the Dutch during the colonial
era until the Suharto era. They generally
live in urban areas, such as Manado and
Tomohon.

Language
Indonesian is the official language of the
province, as well as other parts of
Indonesia. Official documents released by
the provincial government as well as road
signs are all written in Indonesia. However,
Manado Malay is the lingua franca of the
province. This language resembles
Indonesian but with a distinct accent and
dialect. Some of the vocabulary are
derived from Dutch, Portuguese and other
foreign languages. Manado Malay are
often used for day-to-day communication
between different ethnic groups.
Minahasan languages are spoken by the
Minahasan people. They are spread
around the central and northern part of the
province. In the Minahasa, 5 distinct
languages are spoken: Tonsawang,
Tontemboan, Toulour, Tonsea and
Tombulu. To the south, the Mongondow
language and the Gorontalo language are
spoken. In the islands to the north which
borders the Philippines, the Visayan
languages are used by the local people.

Other language spoken are Javanese,

Sundanese and Balinese. They are mostly
spoken by immigrants coming from other
parts of Indonesia. As Manado, has a
significant Chinese population, Hakka is
also spoken by some Chinese people.
Some other Chinese dialect are also
spoken, such as Hokkien and Cantonese.
English and Mandarin are widely
understood in areas where there is a large
tourism industry, such as the Bunaken
National Park. Older generations tend to
understand Dutch and Portuguese. People
who lived in islands near the borders of the
Philippines may understand Tagalog.

Administrative divisions
North Sulawesi is divided into eleven
regencies (Indonesian: kabupaten) and
four independent cities (Indonesian:
kotamadya), listed below with their areas
and their populations at the 2010 Census
and 2015 Intermediate Census, and
according to the latest official estimate
(for July 2019).[6]
 Population Population Population HDI[7]
Area
Name Census Census Estimate Capital 2014
(km2)
2010 2015 2019 Estimates

Sangihe Islands
0.668
Regency 461.11 126,100 129,560 131,800 Tahuna
(Medium)
(Kepulauan Sangihe)

Sit aro Islands

Regency 0.643
275.96 63,801 65,529 67,000 Ondong Siau
(Kepulauan Siau (Medium)
Tagulandang Biaro)

Talaud Islands
0.665
Regency 1,240.40 83,434 88,589 92,500 Melonguane
(Medium)
(Kepulauan Talaud)

Northern (islands)
1,977.47 273,335 283,678 291,300
sector

0.708
Bit ung (cit y) 302.89 187,652 205,379 220,700
(High)

0.772
Manado (cit y) 157.27 410,481 425,420 432,300
(High)

0.735
Tomohon (cit y) 114.20 91,553 100,193 107,600
(High)

0.727
Minahasa Regency 1,114.87 310,384 328,700 341,500 Tondano
(High)

Nort h Minahasa
0.705
Regency 918.49 188,904 197,861 203,200 Airmadidi
(Medium)
(Minahasa Ut ara)

Sout h Minahasa
0.683
Regency 1,409.97 195,553 204,832 210,400 Amurang
(Medium)
(Minahasa Selat an)

Sout heast Minahasa

0.678
Regency 710.83 100,443 104,465 106,500 Rat ahan
(Medium)
(Minahasa Tenggara)

Eastern (Minahasa) 4,728.52 1,494,970 1,566,850 1,622,200

sector

0.704
Kot amobagu (cit y) 68.06 107,459 119,277 130,000
(High)

Bolaang Mongondow 0.645

2,871.65 213,484 232,968 249,600 Kot amobagu
Regency (Medium)

East Bolaang
Mongondow Regency 0.631
910.18 63,654 68,622 72,600 Tut uyan
(Bolaang Mongondow (Medium)
Timur)

Nort h Bolaang
Mongondow Regency 0.642
1,680.00 70,693 76,264 80,700 Boroko
(Bolaang Mongondow (Medium)
Ut ara)

Sout h Bolaang
Mongondow Regency 0.635
1,615.86 57,001 62,162 66,500 Molibagu
(Bolaang Mongondow (Medium)
Selat an)

Western (Bolaang
7,145.75 512,291 559,293 599,400
Mongondow) sector

See also
This section is empty.
Learn more

References
1. Badan Pusat Statistik, Jakarta, 2019.
 2. Penduduk – BPS Sulut
3. Badan Pusat Statistik, Jakarta, 2019.
4. http://nhcp.gov.ph/?
option=com_content&task=view&id=5
74
5. BPS Archived 21 July 2011 at the
Wayback Machine
6. Badan Pusat Statistik, Jakarta, 2019.
7. Indeks-Pembangunan-Manusia-2014

External links

Wikimedia Commons has media

related to North Sulawesi.

(in Indonesian) Official website

 North Sulawesi travel guide from
Wikivoyage

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title=North_Sulawesi&oldid=921011428"

Last edited 15 days ago by Amakuru

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