LEAKY BUCKET

Congestion

• Network congestion is defined as the reduced quality of services that occurs when a network
node is carrying more than what it can actually handle

How congestion..??

• Because of heavy load on network ,ie buffer gets filled up fast and no more buffers are available
to store the load

• As packet arrives at a node ,they are stored in input buffer..

• If packet arrives too fast ,incoming packet will find that there is no buffer space available

• When no more space is there in buffer

• Slow processor may lead to congestion

• Low bandwidth lines may also leads to congestion

Effects of congestion

• Delay in packet arrival time (jitter)

• Buffer memory full by irregular packet arrival

• Packet loss

• Blocking of new connections

• Performance degradation

Internet pipe, not everything loaded

• Increased or decreased throughput

Rate of successful message delivery over a communication channel (bps)

‘ 503 gateway timeout

‘3xx redirection

• Why can’t more no of buffers be added so that we can increase the buffer size as storage as
well..??
ANS: increase in buffer size means increase in queue and packets at the end of the queue may take
longer time for transmission

thus timeout as well retransmission cases occurs

And yea that’s another reason for congestion

Congestion control

• It’s the mechanism and technique used to control congestion of a particular network and keeps
the traffic below the capacity

Leaky bucket

• In leaky bucket following steps are performed..

• When host wants to send a packet ,the packet is thrown into the bucket

• Bucket leaks at a constant rate

• Bursty traffic is converted into a uniform traffic by leaky bucket

• In practise the bucket is finite queue that outputs at a finite rate

Leaky

• Limitation :if congestion is der or not, it will decrease the traffic by leaky bucket
algorithm…which is not necessary

• Drawbacks :overflow and data loss

Leaky bucket..!!