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Gerak Gempur Perak STPM 2012 Chemistry PDF
Gerak Gempur Perak STPM 2012 Chemistry PDF
Instructions to candidates:
There are fifty questions in this paper. For each question, four suggested answers are given.
Choose one correct answer and indicate it on the Multiple Choice Answer Sheet provided.
Read the instruction on the Multiple Choice Answer Sheet very carefully.
Answer all questions. Marks will not be deducted for wrong answers.
STPM 962/1
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Section A
Four suggested answers labelled A, B, C and D are given for each question. Choose one correct
answer.
1. Which of the following peaks is not found in the mass spectrum of butanoic acid?
m
value Ion responsible for peak
e
A. 15 CH3+
B. 73 CH2CH2CO2H+
C. 74 CH3CH2CO2H+
D. 88 CH3CH2CH2CO2H+
3. Which of the following phase diagrams is consistent with the sublimation of a solid
at room temperature (22 oC) and atmospheric pressure?
A C
B D
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5. The proton number of chlorine, potassium, and calcium are given below :
Cl = 17, K = 19 and Ca = 20.
Thus, we can conclude that the ionic radii of Cl –, K+ and Ca2+ ions increases in the
order
6. The boiling points of water and ammonia are 373 K and 240 K, respectively. Which
of the following statements best explains their difference in the boiling points?
A. R C. R
0 [A] 0 [A]
B. R D. R
0 [A] 0 [A]
8. Which of the following equilibrium systems has the value of Kc equal to the value of
Kp?
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10. Which of the following indicators is most suitable to be used in a titration between
0.1 mol dm–3 hydrochloric acid and 0.1 mol dm–3 aqueous ammonia?
Indicator pH range
A. Thymol blue 1.2 – 2.8
B. Methyl orange 3.2 – 4.4
C. Bromothymol blue 6.0 – 7.6
D. Phenolphthalein 8.2 – 10.0
11. Which of the following graphs correctly represents the variation of pH against the
volume of nitric acid added when 20.0 cm3 of a 0.2 mol dm–3 sodium carbonate
solution is titrated against a 0.2 mol dm–3 nitric acid using phenolphthalein and
methyl orange indicators?
A. C.
20 40 20 40
Volume of HNO3 / cm3 Volume of HNO3 / cm3
B. D.
20 40 20 40
Volume of HNO3 / cm3 Volume of HNO3 / cm3
12. The alum, KAl(SO4)2.2H2O, is used in the purification of water. The precipitation of
Al(OH)3 helps to eliminate suspended particles in water. At what pH will
precipitation of Al(OH)3 begins if 3.30 kg of alum is dissolved in 5000 dm3 of
water? [Relative molecular mass of alum = 474 and the solubility product, Ksp for
Al(OH)3 = 3.70 x 10–15 mol4 dm–12]
13. The boiling point–composition curve for a mixture of two liquids, X and Y is shown
below.
Temperature / C
100 % X Z 100 % Y
Composition
14. The relationship between the electrode potential and concentration is given by the
Nernst equation.
0.06 [oxidised ion]
E = E – lg
n [reduced ion]
Half-cell reaction E / V
Ba2+ + 2e Ba – 2.90
Cr3+ + 3e Cr – 0.74
Co2+ + 2e Co – 0.28
PbO2 + 4H+ + 2e Pb2+ + 2H2O +1.47
Co3+ + e Co2+ +1.82
A. 2 Cr3+ + 3 Ba 2 Cr + 3 Ba2+
B. 2 Co3+ + Ba Ba2+ + 2 Co2+
C. 3 Co2+ + 2 Cr 3 Co + 2 Cr3+
D. 2 Co3+ + Pb2+ + 2 H2O 2 Co2+ + PbO2 + 4 H+
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16. Which of the following represents an ion, Z, which will be discharged at the anode
when electrolysis of a molten compound contains Z ions?
Proton number Electronic configuration
A. 10 1s22s22p6
B. 11 1s22s22p6
C. 13 1s22s22p6
D. 17 1s22s22p63s23p6
17. Which of the following is not required in the calculation of the lattice energy of
calcium oxide using the Born–Haber cycle?
A. Enthalpy of hydration C. Enthalpy of atomisation
B. Enthalpy of ionisation D. Electron affinity
NaOH (aq) + HCl (aq) NaCl (aq) + H2O (l) H1 = –52.7 kJ
NaOH (aq) + ½ H2SO4 (aq) ½ Na2SO4 (aq) + H2O (l) H2 = –68.0 kJ
19. Which of the following statements is true regarding the oxides of the elements in
Period 3 (sodium to chlorine) of the Periodic Table?
A. Sodium oxide is the strongest base because sodium is the most electropositive
element in Period 3.
B. Across Period 3, the properties of the oxides change from base to acid because
the bond between the element and oxygen gets stronger.
C. Aluminium oxide is amphoteric because aluminium is in Group 13.
D. Silicon dioxide does not react with aqueous sodium hydroxide because it is
neutral.
21. Which of the following about the property and use of aluminium is correct?
Property Use
A. Good heat conductor Aluminium paint
B. Good light reflector Cooking pot
C. Resistance to corrosion Electrical cable
D. Low density Aircraft body
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22. Which of the following represents the correct set of conditions used in the extraction
of aluminium by electrolysis?
25. Benzene reacts with a mixture of concentrated nitric acid and concentrated sulphuric
acid to produce nitrobenzene according to the equation :
H SO
C6H6 + HNO3 2
4 C H NO + H O
6 5 2 2
26. What is the best choice of reagent to perform the following transformation?
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27. What is the organic product obtained when o–chloroethylbenzene is refluxed with
alkaline potassium manganate (VII) for several hours, followed by dilute sulphuric
acid?
Cl
28. Conversion of ethene to ethanol can be carried out in two stages as below :
I CH2 = CH2 (g) + HI (g) CH3CH2I (l)
II CH3CH2I (g) + KOH (aq) CH3CH2OH (aq) + KI (aq)
Which of the following is true about reaction I and II?
I II
A. Addition Elimination
B. Substitution Addition
C. Addition Substitution
D. Substitution Substitution
29. Menthol is one of the substances added into a cough mixture. The CH3
structure of its molecule is as given. Which statement is true of
menthol?
30. Which of the following reagents will react with ethanol and phenol?
31. For which one of the following pairs of compounds can the members be
distinguished by means of Tollen’s test?
32. Oxidation of an organic compound, X, produces an organic liquid which has the
following properties.
(i) Gives an orange precipitate with 2,4–dinitrophenylhydrazine
(ii) Do not form precipitate with warm Fehling’s solution
(iii) Do not form precipitate with warm alkaline iodine aqueous
X compound might be
A. CH3CH2CH2CH2CH2OH C. C6H5CH(OH)CH3
B. CH3CH2CH(OH)CH2CH3 D. C6H5CH2CH2CH2OH
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K L
A. CH3CHO HCN
B. CH3COCH3 HCN
C. (CH3)2CHCHO HCN
D. (CH3)2CHCHO KMnO4 / H +
34. Chloroethane is converted into a carboxylic acid containing one more carbon atom
through a two–stage process. Which of the following compounds could be the
intermediate in the synthesis of the carboxylic acid?
A. CH3CH2OH C. CH3CH2COOCH3
B. CH3CH2CH2CN D. CH3CH2CN
35. The reaction scheme for the synthesis of the organic compound, Y, is shown below.
KMnO 4 / H Cl 2 / h
CH3CH2OH X
Y
reflux boil
The pKa values of ethanol, X and Y decrease in the order
Cl CH2COCl
CH2OH CH2Cl
CH2OH CH2OH
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H2 , Pt COCl
CN X Y
What is Y compound?
A. CCH2N C. CNCH2
O H O H
38. Which of the following reagents does not react with phenylamine?
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40. A Ziegler–Natta catalyst is used to produce high density polyethene because the
titanium (IV) ion in the catalyst
Section B
For each question in this section, one or more of the three numbered statements 1 to 3 may be
correct. The responses A to D should be selected as follows:
A B C D
1 only 1 and 2 only 2 and 3 only 1, 2 and 3
is correct are correct are correct are correct
41. The ideal gas equation is pV = nRT. It can be concluded that, for an ideal gas
1 the volume of a fixed mass of gas will be doubled when its temperature is
increased from 25 C to 50 C.
2 the density of a gas, at constant pressure, is inversely proportional to the
temperature.
3 one mole of any gas will occupy the same volume under the same conditions.
42. Solid carbon dioxide is used as ‘dry ice’ especially in the food industry because
pressure of C experiment II
experiment I
time
Which of the following separate changes in the conditions of experiment I would
give the results as shown in experiment II?
44. Carbonic acid, H2CO3 , and hydrogen carbonate ion, HCO3 –, are the agents of the
buffer system in blood. Which reaction/s occur when the level of acidity in blood
increases?
1 HCO3 – H+ + CO32–
2 HCO3 – + H+ H2CO3
3 H2CO3 CO2 + H2O
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A B C D
1 only 1 and 2 only 2 and 3 only 1, 2 and 3
is correct are correct are correct are correct
45. In general, the first ionisation energy of the Period 3 elements (from sodium to
argon) increases because
47. When excess chlorine gas is passed through 0.1 mole of a warm X compound, all the
hydrogen atoms of 2.24 dm3 of X are substituted by chlorine gas and 13.44 dm3 of
hydrochloric acid are produced. What is the possible structural formula of X?
[Assume that all the compounds are at gas condition at the same temperature and
pressure.]
48. Which of the following substances does not react with chlorobenzene under suitable
conditions?
49. Which of the following give benzoic acid on boiling with dilute sulphuric acid ?
50. Which of the following compounds dissolves in acidic aqueous sodium nitrite at
70 C to release nitrogen gas?
H2N
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1 C 26 B
2 C 27 B
3 C 28 C
4 D 29 D
5 B 30 C
6 C 31 B
7 B 32 B
8 C 33 B
9 D 34 D
10 B 35 A
11 C 36 D
12 D 37 C
13 C 38 D
14 B 39 A
15 B 40 A
16 D 41 C
17 A 42 C
18 C 43 A
19 A 44 C
20 C 45 A
21 D 46 D
22 D 47 C
23 D 48 A
24 C 49 D
25 A 50 D
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STPM
Name: ______________________________
AnswerThis
all the questions
paper in Section
consists of 10A. Write your
printed pagesanswers in 2
the spaces provided.
3
Answer any four questions
Section A[ from
40 marksSection
] B. Write your
answers on papers provided. Begin each answer on a fresh 4
sheet of paper, and
Answer arrange
all the your answers
questions in thisinsection.
numerical order. Section B
Tie your answer sheets to this booklet.
Total
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Section A [ 40 marks ]
1. Biodiesel makes use of plants’ ability to fix atmospheric carbon by photosynthesis. Many companies and
individuals are now using biodiesel as a fuel in order to reduce their carbon footprint. Biodiesel can be
synthesized from vegetable oil according to the following reaction.
(a) Identify the organic functional group present in both vegetable oil and biodiesel.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………[1]
(b) For part of her extended essay investigation into the efficiency of the process, a student reacted a pure
sample of a vegetable oil (where R = C17H33) with methanol.
The raw data recorded for the reaction is below.
The relative molecular mass of the oil used by the student is 885.6. Calculate the amount (in moles) of
the oil and the methanol used, and hence the amount (in moles) of excess methanol.
[2]
(c) The reversible arrows in the equation indicate that the production of biodiesel is an equilibrium process.
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
(ii) Using the abbreviations [vegetable oil], [methanol], [glycerol] and [biodiesel], deduce the equilibrium
constant expression (Kc ) for this reaction. [1]
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(iii) Suggest a reason why excess methanol is used in this process. [1]
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………......
(iv) State and explain the effect that the addition of the sodium hydroxide catalyst will have on the position
of equilibrium. [2]
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
(d) Calculate the percentage yield of biodiesel obtained in this process. [2]
2 (a) State the meaning of the term first ionisation energy of an atom. [1]
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
(b) Explain the trend in variation of the first ionisation energies of the Period 3 elements Na to Ar. [2]
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………….....
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
(c) Compare the first ionisation of phosphorus and sulphur . Explain your answer. [3]
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
(d) (i) Draw the shape of a BF3 molecule and the shape of a H2S molecule. In each case show any lone pairs
of electrons. [2]
BF3 H2S
(ii) Hydrogen sulphide, H2S, reacts with boron trifluoride, BF3, to form compound A.
Explain the formation of compound A with the help of its Lewis structure to indicate the type of
bonding involved . [2]
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3. Nitrogen(II) oxide reacts with hydrogen as shown by the following equation.
The table below shows how the rate of reaction varies as the reactant concentrations vary.
(a) Determine the order of reaction with respect to (i) NO (ii) H2 [2]
(b) Write the rate law for the above reaction. [1]
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………...……...
(c) Calculate the value for the rate constant, including its units. [2]
H2 + NO Ý X fast
X + NO ↓ Y + H2O slow
Y + H2 ↓ N2 + H2O fast
State and explain whether this mechanism agrees with the experimental rate expression in (b). [3]
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
e) Deduce the initial rate of formation of H2O(g) as compared to that of N2(g) for experiment 1. Explain
your answer. [2]
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
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4. (a) 2 – butene is a straight-chain alkene with formula C4H8. The molecule contains both σ and π bonds.
H H H H
H C C = C C H
H H
(i) Name the type of hybridisation shown by the C2 carbon atom . [1]
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
(ii) Explain the formation of the π bond in terms of overlapping of orbitals. [1]
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
(i) Draw and name one other structural isomer of 2 – butene . [1]
(c) Identify the structural formula of an isomer of 2 – butene which does not decolourise bromine water.
[1]
(d) The polymerisation of alkenes is one of the most significant reactions of the twentieth century.
(i) Give two reasons why the polymers of alkenes are of economic importance. [2]
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
(ii) Deduce the structure of the polymer for 2 – butene showing 3 repeating units . [1]
(iii) Explain why monomers are often gases or volatile liquids but polymers are solids. [1]
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
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Section B [ 60 marks ]
(b) Predict, giving reasons, the relative (i) volatility (ii) electrical conductivity
of the compound formed between X and Y compared with that formed between X and Z.
[4]
(c) (i) Define the term ‘ activation energy ’.
(ii) The endothermic reaction between substances P and Q can be represented by the following
equation.
P(g) + Q(g) R(g) + S(g)
(iii) Explain how a catalyst affects the rate of a chemical reaction. [5]
6. The table shows the variation of pV against p for 65.0 g of a gas M at 298 K.
(ii) Add to your graph the line expected if gas M is an ideal gas.
(iv) Use the data in the graph to calculate the relative molecular mass of M . [8]
(c) (i) Write an expression for Kw, the ionic product of water.
(ii) Use the expression above, to determine the pH value for 0.200 moldm–3 NaOH (aq ) . [3]
7. (a) Describe the reactions, if any , that will occur when separate samples of sodium and phosphorus are
Write equations wherever appropriate and suggest pH of any aqueous solution formed. [8]
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(b) (i) Aluminium is extracted by the electrolysis of its mineral bauxite.
Identify some important aspects of this process, including equations for the reactions at the
electrodes.
(ii) When heated both aluminium fluoride and aluminium chloride sublime at 1270 oC and
178 oC respectively . Explain differences in these values based on the bonding in both compounds.
[7]
8. Hydrogen cyanide, HCN, is a highly toxic substance. 50.0 mg of it will cause death in a few seconds.
(a) Calculate the lethal dose (50.0 mg) of hydrogen cyanide in moles. [2]
(b) Hydrogen cyanide is manufactured by passing a mixture of ammonia and methane over a platinum
catalyst. The reaction is endothermic.
(ii) Explain if a high pressure should be used in the manufacture of hydrogen cyanide. [4]
(c) If ammonia (0.200 mol) and methane (0.200 mol) are placed in a 1.00 dm3 container and heated
to 500°C, it is found that 0.100 mol of hydrogen cyanide and 0.300 mol of hydrogen are produced at
1.00 atmosphere pressure. Calculate the equilibrium constant, Kc for the reaction under these
conditions and state its units. [3]
(d) Hydrogen cyanide dissolves in water to form a weakly acidic solution. It has a dissociation constant of
4.90 × 10–10 at 25 °C. Alkalis react with hydrogen cyanide to form salts known as cyanides.
9. Carefully study the steps involved in the conversion of the starting reagent to the final product.
conc. H2SO4
(a) With the help of equations, describe the mechanism for step 1. [4]
(b) (i) Suggest why SnCl2 is used as the reducing agent for step 3 instead of lithium
tetrahydridoaluminate(III), LiAlH4 .
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(ii) SnCl2 is formed by the following reaction.
100oC
SnCl4 SnCl2 + Cl2
Show the oxidation state of each element in the equation and name the type of reaction that
has taken place in the above reaction.
(iii) Despite the metallic nature of tin, SnCl4 has a molecular structure.
Draw the molecular structure of SnCl4 .
What will be observed when a little water is added to SnCl4 ? Give reasons for your answer. [6]
(c) Describe a chemical test to confirm that step 3 has produced the amino group. [3]
10. (a) Draw all structural formulae for all the monobrominated product formed when 2 – methylpropane is
treated with bromine gas in the presence of sunlight.
Predict the major product. [3]
(b) Compound X, C7H14 is optically active. On catalytic reduction of X over nickel, 1 mole of hydrogen
gas is absorbed giving 1 mole of compound Y, C7H16. Reaction of X with hot acidified potassium
manganate(VII) produces ethanoic acid and compound Z , C5H10O2 which is a carboxylic acid and is
also optically active.
(c) Give structures of the organic products, A, B and C formed in the following reaction scheme.
Compound Z
A B C [3]
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Marking Scheme - GERAK GEMPUR – CHEMISTRY 2 ( 2012 )
(iii) -so that equilibrium shifts to the right according to 1 mk either answer
Le Chatelier’s Principle OR
-to increase the yield of biodiesel
c - P : 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p3 S : 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p4
P has extra stability due to half-filled p orbitals 1 mk
- Repulsion between e- pair in 3p of S enables the first mole 1 mk
of e- to be easily removed
- Hence IE1 of P > IE1 of S 1 mk
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SECTION A ( STRUCTURE ) SCORE REMARKS
d (i) F 1 mk
1 mk
B 120o S
H
o
F F 105 H
trigonal planar V-shaped / bent
(ii) xx
xx F xx
xx xo 1 mk
xx F xo B S x H
xx xo x
xx F xx H
xx
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SECTION A ( STRUCTURE ) SCORE REMARKS
4 b(i) Any one 1 mk
H2C=CHCH2CH3 1 – butene
H2C=C(CH3)2 methylpropene
cyclobutane
methylcyclopropane
CH3
c 1 mk
or ( both are saturated hydrocarbons )
CH3
C C C C C C
H H H H H H
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SECTION B ( ESSAY ) SCORE REMARKS
5 a(i) - 9 X : 1s 2s 2p5 Group 17, non-metal , electronegative,
2 2 1 mk
accepts electron
1 mk
- 19 Y : [Ar] 4s1 Group 1, metal, electropositive , donates
electron
•• •• 1 mk
- Y○ + • X •• [ Y ] [ ○• X •• ] –
+
•• ••
- Involves transfer of electron from metal to non-metal.
1 mk Any 6
YX is an ionic compound.
(ii) - 34 Z : [Ar] 3d10 4s2 4p4 Group 16, non-metal , 1 mk
electronegative
- Both X and Z combine through sharing of electron pairs . 1 mk
X2Z covalent compound.
•• ○○ ••
- •• X •○ Z ○• X •• 1 mk
•• ○○ •• Max 6 mk
R(g)+S(g)
ΔH = positive
P(g)+Q(g)
Reaction
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6 a(i) 3 mk axes + correct
units
– 1 mk
correct plot
- 1 mk
balanced graph
a(ii) - 1 mk
b Pressure ( atm )
3 mk correct axes
- 1 mk
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- Triple point for solid CO2 has a pressure above 1 atm., so
when temperature of a sample of solid CO2 increases, it 1 mk
turns to gas without melting.
Total 4 mk
c(i) - H2O Ý H + OH
+ –
1 mk
Kw = [H+][OH –]
- 4 P + 5 O2 P4O10 OR 4 P + 3 O2 P4O6 1 mk
- P4O10 + 6 H2O 4 H3PO4 OR P4O6 + 6 H2O 4 H3PO3 1 mk
- pH for a weak acid, H3PO4 or H3PO3 about 3 1 mk Total 8 mk
9 a - CH3 CH3
+ HNO3 + H2O
1 mk
NO2
Mechanism for nitration – electrophilic substitution
CH3 CH3
- slow
+ NO2+ + intermediate
arenium / carbonium ion 1 mk
NO2
CH3 CH3
-
+ + HSO4 – + H2SO4 fast 1 mk
catalyst regenerated
H NO2 NO2
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b (i) SnCl2 is a weak reducing agent, but LiAlH4, is a very strong 1 mk
reducing agent which can reduce - COOH group to –CH2OH
(iii) - Cl 1 mk
Sn Cl tetrahedral molecule
Cl Cl
OR
1 mk
- A little aqueous copper(II) sulphate solution is added to
the mixture. 1 mk
- A dark blue solution is observed.
COO- NH2
+ 2 H+
Ý + H2O 1 mk
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10 a CH3 CH3
1 mk
CH3 – C – CH3 , CH3 – C – CH2Br
1 mk
Br H
- 2-bromo-2-methylpropane is major product as its
formation involves stable 3o free radical (CH3)3C• 1 mk
b(i) H H H
X = CH3 – C = C – C* – CH2CH3
1 mk
CH3
H2(g)
H H H
Y = CH3 – C – C – C* – CH2CH3 1 mk
H H CH3
H H H
X = CH3 – C = C – C* – CH2CH3
CH3
Oxidation
CH3 (Z)
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- CH3CH=CHCH(CH3)CH2CH3 + Br2 1 mk
CH3CH(Br)CH(Br)CH(CH3)CH2CH3
OR
KMnO4/H+
- CH3CH=CHCH(CH3)CH2CH3
CH3CH(OH)CH(OH)CH(CH3)CH2CH3
c H
O H
B = Cl – C – C* – CH2CH3 ( - OH Cl ) 1 mk
CH3
H O
C = CH3CH2 – C – C – O – Mg2+ 1 mk
CH3 2
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