Chapter 1

1. Physics deals with problems of following frontiers of ______ world.

(a) Extremely large (b) Extremely small (c) Complex (d) All of these
2. Physics is a branch of science that deals with
(a) Matter (b) Energy (c) a & c (d) None of these
3. Physical quantities are divided into _____ categories.
(a) 1 (b) 2 (c) 3 (d) 4
4. Number of base units is
(a) 4 (b) 5 (c) 6 (d) 7
5. Number of supplementary units is
(a) 2 (b) 3 (c) 4 (d) 5
6. In a measurement there are _____ types of errors.
(a) 5 (b) 4 (c) 3 (d) 2
7. SI unit of length is
(a) Kg (b) m (c) K (d) N
8. Prefix deca is equal to
(a) 101 (b) 102 (c) 103 (d) None of these
9. Significant figures in 0.0020 are
(a) 1 (b) 2 (c) 3 (d) 4
10. Velocity has dimensions of
(a) [LT-1] (b) [LT-2] (c) [LT-3] (d) [LT-4]
11. Upon rounding off up to 3 significant figures , 8.235 becomes
(a) 8.23 (b) 8.32 (c) 8.24 (d) None of these
12. Radians and steradian are called as _____ units.
(a) Base (b) derived (c) Supplementary (d) Fundamental
13. [M0L0T-1] are dimensions of
(a) Time (b) Frequency (c) velocity (d) Momentum

1
Short Questions:

1. What are different categories of physical quantities?

2. Explain Base, supplementary and derived units.
3. What is the difference between Random and systematic errors?
4. What is meant by precise and accurate measurement?
5. How uncertainty is removed for a measurement involving power factor?
6. Find the dimensions of speed.

Long Questions:

1. Explain in detail how do we find uncertainty in final measurement?

2
 Chapter 2

1. A scalar quantity can be described only with help of

(a) Magnitude (b) Direction (c) a & b (d) None of these
2. A vector quantity can be described only with help of
(a) Magnitude (b) Direction (c) a & b (d) None of these
3. A vector having magnitude 1 is called as _______ vector.
(a) Position (b) Null (c) Unit vector (d) All of these
4. A vector having magnitude 0 is called as _______ vector.
(a) Position (b) Null (c) Unit vector (d) All of these
5. The sum of two or more vectors gives us a single vector named as ______ vector.
(a) Position (b) Null (c) Unit vector (d) Resultant
6. Angle between rectangular components of a vector is ____ degrees.
(a) 30 (b) 60 (c) 90 (d) 180
7. If two vectors each of magnitude A add to give resultant of magnitude A, then angle
between two vectors is
(a) 30 (b) 60 (c) 90 (d) 120
8. A vector having magnitude 3 is directed along Y-axis. Its X component will have
magnitude
(a) 0 (b) 3 (c) 6 (d) 1
9. When a vector is multiplied by a negative number, its direction changes by
(a) 900 (b) 1200 (c) 1800 (d) 00
10. A vector making angle ϑ with X axis will have its X component given by
(a) Acosϑ (b) Asinϑ (c) Atanϑ (d) None f these
11. A vector making angle ϑ with X axis will have its Y component given by
(a) Acosϑ (b) Asinϑ (c) Atanϑ (d) None f these
12. Self product (dot) of vector A results in
(a) A (b) 2A (c) A2 (d) None of these
13. Dot product of two non zero vectors is zero if they are
(a) Parallel (b) Anti-parallel (c) Rectangular (d) None of these
14. Corss product of two non zero vectors is zero if they are
(a) Parallel (b) Anti-parallel (c) Rectangular (d) a & b
15. Dot product of two vectors A and B is given by
(a) ABcosϑ (b) ABsinϑ (c) ABtanϑ (d) None of these
16. Vector product of two vectors A and B is given by
(a) ABcosϑ𝑛̂ (b) ABsinϑ𝑛̂ (c) ABtanϑ𝑛̂ (d) None of these
17. Cross product of a vector A with itself is
(a) A (b) 2A (c) A2 (d) Zero
18. Physical quantity which gives rise to angular displacement is
(a) Force (b) Momentum (c) Torque (d) All of these
19. Torque is defined as
(a) r.F (b) r x F (c) r.F2 (d) None of these

3
 20. When the line of action of force passes through origin of torque then torque produced
is
(a) Maximum (b) Minimum (c) Zero (d) 100%
21. Unit of torque is
(a) N-s (b) N-Kg (c) N-m (d) Kg-m
22. Two equal and opposite forces acting on a body give rise to
(a) Momentum (b) Inertia (c) Couple (d) None of these
23. Point at which entire weight of body acts is called
(a) Center of gravity (b) Center of mass (c) center of frame (d) None of these
24. For a body to be in translational equilibrium sum of ______ has to be zero
(a) Momentum (b) Force (c) Torque (d) All of these
25. For a body to be in rotational equilibrium sum of ______ has to be zero
(b) Momentum (b) Force (c) Torque (d) All of these

Short Questions:

1. Define scalar and vector quantities.

2. How do we add two vectors? Explain graphically.
3. What is meant by resultant vector?
4. Define unit vector. Give its mathematical expression.
5. What is null vector?
6. Explain Rectangular components of a vector.
7. What is position vector?
8. Define scalar product.
9. Define vector product.
10. Give two characteristics of scalar product.
11. Give two characteristics of vector product.
12. Define torque.
13. What are conditions for a body to be completely in equilibrium?

Long Questions:

1. Explain Head to tail rule for vector addition. Also describe vector addition by
rectangular components.
2. Define scalar product. Give its properties.
3. Define vector product. Give its properties.
4. Explain conditions of equilibrium in detail.

4
 Chapter 3

1. Change in position of a body is called

(a) Displacement (b) Velocity (c) Acceleration (d) None of these
2. Time rate of change of displacement is called
(a) Momentum (b) Velocity (c) Acceleration (d) None of these
3. Time rate of change of velocity is called
(a) Momentum (b) Velocity (c) Acceleration (d) None of these
4. Direction of acceleration is same as that of
(a) v (b) ∆v (c) a & b (d) Negative
5. Area covered by velocity-time graph represents
(a) Distance (b) Acceleration (c) Momentum (d) Force
2
6. Value of g near earth surface is ______ m/sec .
(a) 8.8 (b) 9.8 (c) 10.8 (d) 11
7. Quantitative measure of inertia is
(a) Weight (b) Mass (c) Moment of inertia (d) All of these
8. According to Newton’s second law of motion
(a) F=m/a (b) F=a/m (c) F=ma (d) F=mv
9. Momentum is defined as
(a) P=m/a (b) P=a/m (c) P=ma (d) P=mv
10. Time rate of change of momentum is called
(a) Force (b) Velocity (c) Acceleration (d) None of these
11. Product of force and time for which it acts is
(a) Impulse (b) Velocity (c) Acceleration (d) Force
12. A collision in which K.E is not conserved is
(a) Elastic (b) Non elastic (c) Reversible (d) None of these
13. A collision in which K.E is conserved is
(a) Elastic (b) Non elastic (c) Reversible (d) None of these
14. A body thrown at some angle with horizontal having initial velocity is called
(a) Satellite (b) Projectile (c) Space craft (d) None of these
15. Range of projectile is same for _______ angles.
(a) 300 & 600 (b) 300 & 900 (c) 300 & 1200 (d) 300 & 1500

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Short Questions:

1. What is displacement ?
2. What is the difference between average and instantaneous velocity?
3. What is uniform velocity?
4. Define acceleration? What is meant by uniform acceleration?
5. State three laws of motion.
6. Define momentum.
7. Define impulse.
8. State and explain law of conservation of momentum.
9. Differentiate between elastic and inelastic collision.
10. What happens when a massive body collides with light stationary body?
11. What is the principle of rocket propulsion?
12. What is projectile motion?
13. Find the height of a projectile during flight.
14. Find the range and time of flight for a projectile.

Long Questions:

1. Define momentum. Explain Newton’s second law of motion in terms of momentum.

2. Explain law of conservation of momentum.
3. Explain elastic collision in one dimension. Give different cases for collision in one
dimension.
4. Define projectile motion. Derive relation for height and range of projectile.

6
 Chapter 4

1. Work is a _____ quantity.

(a) Scalar (b) Vector (c) Phasar vector (d) None of these
2. Work is defined as
(a) F.d (b) Fxd (c) P.d (d) I.d
3. Area under force-displacement graph represents
(a) Power (b) work (c) Torque (d) All of these
4. In Earth’s gravitational field, work done is
(a) Path dependent (b) Path independent (c) Zero (d) None of these
5. The field in which work done is independent of path is
(a) Conservative (b) Non conservative (c) Frictional (d) Both b & c
6. Rate of work done is
(a) Energy (b) Kinetic Energy (c) Power (d) Both a & c
7. Power is _____ quantity.
(a) Scalar (b) Vector (c) Phasar vector (d) None of these
8. Power is defined as
(a) ∆W/∆t (b) ∆F/∆t (c) ∆P/∆t (d) ∆v/∆t
9. SI unit of Power is
(a) Pascal (b) Joule (c) Watt (d) Newton
10. 1KWh = _____
(a) 3.6 x 105 J (b) 3.6 x 106 J (c) 3.6 x 107 J (d) 3.6 x 108 J
11. Power can also be defined in terms of velocity as
(a) F.v (b) P.v (c) I.v (d) None of these
12. Kinetic Energy is defined as
(a) m.v (b) m.v/2 (c) mv2/2 (d) None of these
13. Gravitational potential energy is defined as
(a) Mgh (b) Mg/h (c) Mh/g (d) 1/Mgh
14. Absolute potential energy is work done in moving a body from a point to a position
where gravitational P.E is.
(a) Infinity (b) Un measureable (c) Zero (d) None of these
15. Expression for gravitational P.E is
(a) U=GMm/r (b) U=GMm/r2 (c) U=-GMm/r (d) ) U=-GMm/r2
16. When a body is raised above Earth surface, its P.E

7
(a) Remains same (b) Becomes zero (c) Decreases (d) Increases
17. Earth’s gravitational energy has negative sign because of its _______ nature.
(a) Repulsive (b) Attractive (c) Constant (d) Conservative
18. Vesc=_________
(a) √2𝑔𝑅 (b) √𝑔𝑅 (c) √3𝑔𝑅 (d) None of these
19. Value of Vesc is approximately
(a) 8 Km/sec (b) 9 Km/sec (c) 10 Km/sec (d) 11 Km/sec
20. Energy can not be_____.
(a) Destroyed (b) Created (c) Both a & b (d) None of these
21. Salter’s duck is the device for harnessing energy from
(a) Sun (b) Moon (c) Tides (d) Bio fuel
22. Solar energy at normal incidence outside Earth’s atmosphere is
(a) 1.1 KWm-2 (b) 1.2 KWm-2 (c) 1.3 KWm-2 (d) 1.4 KWm-2
23. Solar energy in atmosphere reduces due to
(a) Absorption (b) Scattering (c) Reflection (d) All of these
24. Intensity of solar energy reaching at Earth surface is
(a) 1 KWm-2 (b) 2 KWm-2 (c) 3 KWm-2 (d) 4 KWm-2
25. Direct conversion of solar energy into electricity is done by
(a) Photo voltaic cell (b) Solar cells (c) Both a & b (d) None of these
26. Solar cells are made up of
(a) Carbon (b) Silicon (c) Germanium (d) All of these
27. Biomass is a _______ energy source.
(a) Conventional (b) Non renewable (c) Renewable (d) None of these
28. Heat within the earth is generated by following processes
(a) Radioactive decay (b) Residual heat (c) Material compression (d) All of
these
29. Geysers are phenomenon related to
(a) Solar energy (b) Hydro energy (c) Geothermal energy (d) All of
these

8
Short Questions:

1. Define work. Differentiate between positive and negative work.

2. Define conservative field.
3. Define power. How do we define power in terms of force and velocity.
4. Define energy. What are its major types?
5. What is work energy principle? Explain.
6. Define absolute P.E.
7. What is escape velocity of a body?
8. What is law of conservation of energy?
9. Name few non conventional energy sources. Explain briefly.

Long Questions:

1. Define absolute P.E. Derive an expression for absolute P.E.

2. Explain solar energy as non conventional energy source.

9
 Chapter 5

1. Motion of a body moving in circular path is called

(a) Vibratory (b) Linear (c) Circular (d) None of these
2. Angle traced by a body during circular motion is called
(a) Angular speed (c) Angular displacement
(b) Angular acceleration (d) None of these
3. 1 revolution =
(a) 900 (b) 1800 (c) 2700 (d) 3600
4. 1 rad =
(a) 57.30 (b) 60.30 (c) 63.30 (d) 70.10
5. S.I unit of angular velocity is called
(a) Rev/sec (b) Rad/sec (c) m/sec (d) None of these
6. Linear and angular velocities are related as
(a) v=rω (b) v=r/ω (c) v=ω/r (d) ω=vr
7. Linear and angular accelerations are related as
(a) a=rɑ (b) a=r/ɑ (c) a=ɑ/r (d) ɑ=ar
8. Force needed to bend a straight path into circular path is ______ force
(a) Drag (b) Centrifugal (c) Centripetal (d) Gravitational
9. Centripetal acceleration is given as
(a) v2/r (b) v2r (c) r/ v2 (d) None of these
10. Centripetal force is
(a) mv2r (b) mv2/r (c) mrω2 (d) b & c
11. Centripetal acceleration and centripetal force has _________directions.
(a) Parallel (b) Anti-parallel (c) perpendicular (d) b & c
12. Moment of inertia is defined as
(a) m/r2 (b) mr2 (c) m2r2 (d) None of these
13. Moment of inertia is angular counter part of
(a) Weight (b) Mass (c) Force (d) Momentum
14. Torque and moment of inertia are related as
(a) τ = I ɑ (b) τ = I/ɑ (c) τ = ɑ/I (d) a & c
15. Angular momentum L is
(a) r x p (b) p x r (c) a & b (d) None of these
16. K.E of a rotating body is

10
 (a) I ω2 (b) I ω2/2 (c) I ω (d) I ω/2
17. Orbital velocity is given by
(a) √𝑔𝑅 (b) √2𝑔𝑅 (c) √𝑔𝑅/2 (d) None of these
18. Minimum velocity needed to put a satellite into orbit is
(a) 6.9 Km/sec (b) 7.9 Km/sec (c) 8.9 Km/sec (d) 9.9 Km/sec
19. Higher satellite take _______time to complete revolution around earth.
(a) Longer (b) Lesser (c) Constant (d) None of these
20. A person in free falling elevator feels ________ weight.
(a) Greater (b) Lesser (c) zero (d) None of these
21. Orbital velocity does not depend upon
(a) Earth mass (b) Orbit radius (c) Satellite mass (d) Value of G
22. Each Geostationary satellite covers________ angle.
(a) 90 Degree (b) 120 Degree (c) 160 Degree (d) 360 Degree
23. No. of satellites required to cover entire earth is
(a) 1 (b) 2 (c) 3 (d) 4
24. Height of geostationary above equator is
(a) 35000 Km (b) 36000 Km (c) 37000 Km (d) 38000 Km
25. According to Einstein space time is
(a) Curved (b) Flat (c) Straight (d) None of these

Short Questions:

1. Define angular velocity. What are units of angular velocity?

2. Define angular displacement.
3. Define angular acceleration. What are units of angular acceleration?
4. Describe how angular velocity and linear velocity are related to each other?
5. Describe how angular acceleration and linear acceleration are related to each other.
6. What is centripetal force? Give its mathematical expression.
7. What is centripetal acceleration?
8. What is meant by moment of inertia? Explain briefly.
9. How do we define angular momentum? What is its direction?
10. State law of conservation of momentum.
11. What is orbital velocity? Derive its expression.
12. What is meant by artificial gravity? Explain.

11
Long Questions:

1. Explain and derive expression for centripetal force.

2. Derive expression for K.E of hoop and disk.
3. What are geostationary satellites? Derive an expression for radius of geostationary
satellite.

12
 Chapter 6

1. Retarding force on a body moving in a fluid is

(a) Friction (b) Drag (c) Viscosity (d) b & c
2. Drag force increases with ________ in velocity.
(a) Increase (b) Decrease (c) Independent of velocity (d) None
of these
3. Drag force is
(a) 6ηrv (b) 6ᴨ ηrv (c) 6ᴨ ηr (d) 6ᴨ ηr
4. Terminal velocity is given as
(a) Vt = 2gr2ρ/9η (b) Vt = 2gr2ρ/9 (c) Vt = 2gr2ρ/η (d) None of these
5. If every particle that passes a particular point, moves exactly along the same path, as
followed by particles which passed that points earlier then fluid flow is called
(a) Streamline (b) Laminar (c) a & b (d) None of these
6. Turbulent flow is
(a) Irregular (b) Unsteady (c) Steady (d) Both a & b
7. Equation of continuity is valid for______ fluid.
(a) Compressible (b) Incompressible (c) Viscous (d) None of these
8. According to equation of continuity
(a) A1V1 = A2V2 (b) A1 / V1 = A2 /V2 (c) V1/A1 = V2/A2 (d) Both a & b
9. “Volume flow per second of the fluid is constant” is the statement of
(a) Torricelli’s theorem (c) Bernoulli’s equation
(b) Continuity equation (d)Both a & c
10. Bernoulli’s equation gives relation among
(a) P,v & h (b) P,v & F (c) P,F & h (d) F,v & h
11. The speed of efflux is equal to the velocity gained by the fluid in falling through the
distance (h1-h2) under the action of gravity is the statement of
(a) Bernoulli’s equation (b) Torricelli’s theorem (c) Steady flow (d) Both a
&c
12. Where the speed of fluid is high, pressure will be______.
(a) High (b) Low (c) Unknown (d) Infinite
13. P1-P2= ρV22/2 is statement of
(a) Torricelli’s theorem (b) Continuity equation (c) Venturi relation (d) Both a
&c

13
 14. Sphygmomanometer is used to measure
(a) Blood density (b) Blood pressure (c) Blood group (d) Blood cells
15. Normal systolic blood pressure is
(a) 120 torr (b) 120 atm (c) 133 Pa (d) None of these
16. Normal diastolic blood pressure range is
(a) 75-80 torr (b) 90-95 torr (c) 85-95 torr (d) 60-70 torr
17. Decrease in pressure with increase in speed is
(a) Retarding effect (b) Energy conservation (c) Venturi effect (d) All of
these

Short Questions:

1. Define drag force and state stokes law.

2. Define terminal velocity. Give its mathematical expression.
3. Differentiate between Laminar and turbulent flow of fluid.
4. Give the conditions which are required by a fluid to be in Laminar flow.
5. State equation of continuity. Give its mathematical expression.
6. State Bernoulli’s equation.
7. State Torricelli’s theorem. How can we find the speed of efflux using Torricelli’s
theorem?
8. State Venturi relation.
9. Explain the process for measuring blood pressure.

Long Questions:

1. Explain and derive equation of continuity.

2. Explain and derive Bernoulli’s equation.

14
 Chapter 7

1. Motion in which a body moves to and fro about its mean position is called
(a) Vibratory motion (b) Oscillatory motion (c) a & b (d) None of these
2. A displaced mass attached to a spring exhibits______ motion.
(a) Linear (b) Vibratory (c) Circular (d) All of these
3. In a vibratory motion acceleration is directed to
(a) Extreme position (b) Mean position (c) Maxima (d) None of these
4. In an oscillatory motion acceleration of body depends upon
(a) Velocity (b) Displacement (c) Friction (d) All of these
5. Time required to complete one cycle of vibration is called
(a) Amplitude (b) Frequency (c) Time period (d) Jerk
6. Number of vibrations completed in one second is called
(a) Amplitude (b) Frequency (c) Time period (d) Jerk
7. Relation between frequency f and time period T is
(a) f = T2 (b) f = 1/T (c) fT = 1 (d) b & c
8. Angular frequency and linear frequency are related as
(a) ω = 2ᴨf (b) ω = 2ᴨ/f (c) ω = 2f/ ᴨ (d) ω =
2ᴨf2
9. Displacement of a body executing SHM is given as
(a) x = x0sinωt (c) x = x0cosωt
(b) (c) x = x0 /sinωt (d) x = x0 /cosωt
10. The waveform of SHM is
(a) Pulsed (b) cosine (c) sine (d) Square
11. Phase of a circular motion describes
(a) Direction (b) Displacement (c) a & b (d)
Frequency
12. Time period of a body attached to a spring is
1 𝑚 𝑚 1 𝑘 𝑘
(a) √𝑘 (b) 2𝜋√ 𝑘 (c) 2𝜋 √𝑚 (d) 2𝜋√𝑚
2𝜋

13. Maximum velocity of mass attached to spring is

15
 𝑘 𝑚 𝑘
(a) 𝑣0 = 𝑥0 √𝑚 (b) 𝑣0 = 𝑥0 √ 𝑘 (c) 𝑣0 = √𝑚 (d) 𝑣0 =

𝑚
√𝑘

14. Time period of a simple pendulum is

1 𝑙 𝑙 1 𝑔 𝑔
(a) √𝑔 (b) 2𝜋√𝑔 (c) 2𝜋 √ 𝑙 (d) 2𝜋√ 𝑙
2𝜋

15. Time period of simple pendulum is independent of _________ of pendulum.

(a) Length (b) Mass (c) Acceleration (d) a & b
16. In a vibrating system, when K.E is maximum, P.E is
(a) Zero (b) Minimum (c) Maximum (d) a & b
17. When no external force interferes with a vibrating system then the oscillation are
called __________ oscillations.
(a) Forced (b) Free (c) Driven (d) a & c
18. A driven harmonic oscillator experiences ______ oscillations.
(a) Forced (b) Free (c) Driven (d) a & c
19. At resonance transfer of energy is ______.
(a) Minimum (b) Maximum (c) zero (d) Infinite
20. In damping oscillation, system ________ energy.
(a) Gains (b) Loses (c) Maintains (d)
Acquires

Short Questions:

1. Define simple harmonic motion.

2. Give at least two characteristics of S.H.M.
3. What is meant by amplitude of vibration?
4. Define time period and frequency of a vibrating body.
5. Define instantaneous displacement and instantaneous velocity.
6. What is meant by phase of S.H.M?
7. What is the time period of vibration of mass spring system?
8. What is time period of simple pendulum? Describe the factors upon which it depends.
9. Differentiate between Free and forced Oscillations.
10. Explain the term resonance. Give two examples.
11. What is meant by damped oscillations? Explain with the help of example.

16
Long Questions:

1. Explain Horizontal mass spring system.

2. Explain simple pendulum. Derive relation for its time period.
3. Explain extensively how energy is conserved in SHM.

17
 Chapter 8

1. Wave can transport

(a) Mass (b) Energy (c) Momentum (d) b & c
2. Waves in which medium oscillation is perpendicular to propagation direction of
waves
(a) Transverse (b) Longitudinal (c) EM (d) a & c
3. Waves in which medium oscillation is parallel to propagation direction of waves
(a) Transverse (b) Longitudinal (c) EM (d) a & c
4. Velocity of a wave is given by
(a) v = f/λ (b) v = fλ (c) v = λ/f (d) λ = vf
5. Sound waves are
(a) Transverse (b) Longitudinal (c) Compressional (d) None of these
6. Which of these is example of longitudinal waves
(a) Light (b) Water (c) Sound (d) EM
7. Speed of sound is given as
𝐸 𝜌
(a) 𝑣 = √𝜌 (b) 𝑣 = √𝐸 (c) 𝑣 = √𝐸𝜌 (d) None of these

8. Speed of sound has greater speed in

(a) Gases (b) Liquids (c) Solids (d) None of these
9. According to Newton speed of sound is
𝑃 𝜌
(a) 𝑣 = √𝜌 (b) 𝑣 = √𝑝 (c) 𝑣 = √𝑃𝜌 (d) None of these

10. According to Laplace speed of sound is

𝛾𝑃 𝛾𝜌
(a) 𝑣 = √ 𝜌 (b) 𝑣 = √ 𝑝 (c) 𝑣 = √𝛾𝑃𝜌 (d) None of these

11. For air we have 𝛾 =?

(a) 1.0 (b) 1.1 (c) 1.2 (d) None of these
12. Speed of sound is independent of
(a) Density (b) Pressure (c) Temperature (d) All of these
13. Speed of sound at temperature T is
(a) 𝑣𝑡 = 𝑣0 + 0.51𝑡 (c) 𝑣𝑡 = 𝑣0 + 0.61𝑡
(b) 𝑣𝑡 = 𝑣0 + 0.71𝑡 (d) 𝑣𝑡 = 𝑣0 + 0.81𝑡
14. Interference is produced by two waves having same

18
(a) Frequency (b) Amplitude (c) Direction (d) a & c
15. Two waves of different frequencies and same directions give rise to
(a) Interference (b) Beats (c) Stationary waves (d) None of these
16. Two waves of same frequencies and different directions give rise to
(a) Interference (b) Beats (c) Stationary waves (d) None of these
17. Constructive interference occurs whenever path difference is ________ multiple of
wavelength.
(a) Half integral (b) Integral (c) Fractional (d) a & c
18. Frequency of beats is equal to ________ of frequencies of tuning forks.
(a) Sum (b) Difference (c) Multiplication (d) ratio
19. A wave reflecting from denser medium undergoes phase change of ______.
(a) 00 (b) 1200 (c) 1800 (d) 2700
20. A wave reflecting from rarer medium undergoes phase change of ______.
(a) 00 (b) 1200 (c) 1800 (d) 2700
21. In a stationary wave, length L of node is given by
(a) λ/2 (b) λ/4 (c) λ/3 (d) λ
22. If F and m are tension and mass of spring respectively then speed of wave is
𝑚 𝐹
(a) 𝑣 = √ 𝐹 (b) 𝑣 = √𝑚 (c) 𝑣 = √𝐹𝑚 (d) None of these

23. Frequency of stationary wave with one loop is given by f1 =

1 𝐹 𝐹 1 𝑚
(a) √ (b) 2𝑙√𝑚 (c) 2𝑙√𝐹𝑚 (d) 2𝑙 √ 𝐹
2𝑙 𝑚

24. Frequency of stationary wave with n loop is given by fn =

(a) f1/n (b) n f1 (c) n2 f1 (d) None of these
25. Which of the following is not an application of Doppler effect
(a) SONAR (b) Speed of stars (c) Radars (d) None of these

19
Short Questions:

1. How waves are generated?

2. Define progressive waves.
3. Differentiate between Transverse and Longitudinal waves.
4. What is meant by term periodic waves?
5. Give expressions for speed of sound in air by Newton and Laplace.
6. How pressure, density and temp affect the speed of sound?
7. What is super position of waves? Name three phenomena occurring due to super
position.
8. Explain the term Interference.
9. Explain the term Beats.
10. Explain the term stationary waves.
11. Give conditions for Constructive and destructive interference.
12. What is Doppler effect?
13. Explain Doppler effect when source and observer moving towards each other.
14. Explain Doppler effect when source and observer moving away from each other.
15. Give at least two applications of Doppler effect.

Long Questions:

1. Explain how Laplace found the correct speed of sound in air.

2. Explain the effect of temperature on speed of sound.
3. Describe the production of stationary waves in stretched string.
4. Describe Doppler effect. Give its various possible cases.

20
 Chapter 9

1. A surface on which all points have same phase of vibrations is called

(a) Thin film (b) Wave front (c) Wave length (d) None of these
2. Multiple colors on water surface appear due to _______ of light.
(a) Diffraction (b) Interference (c) Refraction (d) All of these
3. To observe interference of light, Light sources must be
(a) Coherent (b) Monochromatic (c) High power (d) a & b
4. Maxima are
(a) Bright fringes (b) Dark fringes (c) Centre of screen (d) None of these
5. Minima are
(a) Bright fringes (b) Dark fringes (c) Centre of screen (d) None of these
6. Distance between two adjacent bright fringes is
𝜆𝐿 𝜆𝑑 𝐿𝑑
(a) ∆𝑦 = (b) ∆𝑦 = (c) ∆𝑦 = 𝜆𝐿𝑑 (d) ∆𝑦 =
𝑑 𝐿 𝜆

7. A thin film is a transparent medium whose thickness is _______ wavelength of light.

(a) Greater than (b) Lesser than (c) Comparable to (d) None of these
8. Michelson’s Interferometer is used to measure
(a) Frequency (b) Wavelength (c) Distance (d) b & c
9. Displacement L of mirror in Michelson’s interferometer is given by
𝜆
(a) 𝐿 = 𝑚𝜆 (b) 𝐿 = 𝑚 2 (c) 𝐿 = 2𝑚𝜆 (d) None of these

10. In Young’s double slit experiment , central region of fringe system is

(a) Dark (b) Bright (c) Can’t be determined (d) None of these
11. Bending of light around obstacles is called
(a) Reflection (b) Refraction (c) Diffraction (d) None of these
12. A typical diffraction grating has __________ lines per centimeter.
(a) 400 – 5000 (b) 1000 – 5000 (c) 2000 – 5000 (d) 3000 – 5000
13. Equation for diffraction grating is
𝑛
(a) 𝑑𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃 = 𝑛𝜆 (b) 2𝑑𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃 = 𝑛𝜆 (c) 𝑑𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃 = 2𝑛𝜆 (d) 𝑑𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃 = 2 𝜆

14. Bragg’s equation is

𝑛
(a) 𝑑𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃 = 𝑛𝜆 (b) 2𝑑𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃 = 𝑛𝜆 (c) 𝑑𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃 = 2𝑛𝜆 (d) 𝑑𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃 = 2 𝜆

15. Light emitted by ordinary light bulb is

(a) Polarized (b) Un polarized (c) Partially polarized (d) All of these
16. Light waves are
21
 (a) Transverse (b) Longitudinal (c) Compressional (d) None of these
17. Which one of these proves the transverse nature of Light.
(a) Refraction (b) Reflection (c) Diffraction (d) Polarization
18. The distance between any two consecutive dark fringes is called as
(a) Wavelength (b) Amplitude (c) Wavelet (d) Fringe spacing
19. Appearance of different colors in thin film is due to
(a) Diffraction (b) Dispersion (c) Interference (d) Polarization
20. The phase change of 1800 is equal to path difference of
𝜆 𝜆
(a) (b) 2𝜆 (c) 3 (d) 𝜆
2

21. When two waves overlap, phenomenon is called

(a) Diffraction (b) Dispersion (c) Interference (d) Polarization
22. Resolving power of diffraction grating is
(a) Nxm (b) N2xm (c) Nxm2 (d)N/m

Short Questions:

1. Define term wave front.

2. State Huygen’s principle.
3. What are conditions for detectable light interference?
4. What is meant by term diffraction?
5. What is diffraction grating? Give equation of diffraction grating.
6. Define the phenomenon polarization.

Long Questions:

1. Explain working of Michelson’s interferometer.

2. Explain structure and working of diffraction grating. Explain how do we get
interference from diffraction grating.
3. What is meant by Polarization? Describe production and detection of plane polarized
light.

22
 Chapter 10

1. Near point of human eye is

(a) 25mm (b) 25cm (c) 25m (d) None ofthese
2. The ratio of size of image to size of object is called
(a) Resolution (b) Magnification (c) Power (d) All of these
3. Ability of an instrument to reveal minor details of an object under consideration is
called
(a) Resolution (b) Magnification (c) Power (d) All of these
4. Resolving power of an instrument is given as
𝐷 𝜆 𝜆 𝜆
(a) 𝑅 = 1.22𝜆 (b) 𝑅 = 1.32 𝐷 (c) 𝑅 = 1.42 𝐷 (d) 𝑅 = 1.52 𝐷

5. Magnifying power of simple microscope is

𝑑 𝑓 𝑑 2𝑑
(a) 𝑀 = 1 + 𝑓 (b) 𝑀 = 1 + 𝑑 (c) 𝑀 = 1 + 2𝑓 (d) 𝑀 = 1 + 𝑓

6. Magnifying power of compound microscope is

𝑞 𝑑 2𝑞 𝑑 𝑞 𝑑 𝑞 2𝑑
(a) (1 + 𝑓 ) (b) (1 + 𝑓 ) (c) 2𝑝 (1 + 𝑓 ) (d) 𝑝 (1 + )
𝑝 𝑒 𝑝 𝑒 𝑒 𝑓𝑒

7. Magnifying power of telescope is

𝑓0 𝑓𝑒 2𝑓0
(a) (b) (c) (d) None of
𝑓𝑒 𝑓0 𝑓𝑒

these
8. Optical instrument used to study spectra of light is
(a) Microscope (b) Telescope (c) Spectrometer (d) All of these
9. A spectrometer has
(a) Collimator (b) Turn table (c) Telescope (d) All of these
10. Speed of light is maximum in
(a) Air (b) Vacuum (c) Solids (d) Liquids
11. Fiber optics used for the transmission of light work due to
(a) Total internal reflection (c) Dispersion
(b) Continuous refraction (d) a & b
12. Refractive index is
𝑐 𝑣
(a) 𝑛 = 𝑣 (b) 𝑛 = 𝑐 (c) 𝑛 = 𝑐𝑣 (d) 𝑛 = 2𝑐𝑣

13. Angle at which angle of refraction becomes 900.

(a) Refractive angle (b) Reflection angle (c) Critical (d) None of
these

23
14. According to Snell’s law
𝑛1 𝑛
(a) = 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃2 /𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃1 (c) 𝑛1 = 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃1 /𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃2
𝑛2 2
𝑛1 𝑛1
(b) = 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃2 /𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃1 (d) 𝑛 = 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃2 /𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃1
𝑛2 2

15. At critical angle, Snell’s law take the form

𝑛1 𝑛
(a) = 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃𝑐 (b) 𝑛2 = 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃𝑐 (c) 𝑛1 𝑛2 = 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃𝑐 (d) None of
𝑛2 1

these
16. Critical angle for glass used in fiber optics is
(a) 41.80 (b) 42.80 (c) 43.80 (d) 44.80
17. Continuous refraction fiber optics has outer layer of lower refractive index called
(a) Core (b) Cladding (c) Shield (d) None of
these
18. Continuous refraction fiber optics has inner layer of higher refractive index called
(b) Core (b) Cladding (c) Shield (d) None of
these
19. A fiber optic communication system consists of ________ major components.
(a) Two (b) Three (c) Four (d) Five
20. Wavelength of light used in Fiber optics is usually
(a) Ultra violet (b) Visible (c) Infra red (d) X-rays
21. Typically wavelength used in Fiber optics is usually
(a) 1.1 μm (b) 1.2 μm (c) 1.3 μm (d) 1.4 μm
22. Single mode step index fibre has core of
(a) 2 μm (b) 3 μm (c) 4 μm (d) 5 μm
23. Multimode step index fibre has core of
(a) 20 μm (b) 30 μm (c) 40 μm (d) 50 μm
24. Speed of light in vacuum is
(a) 3.0x106 m/s (b) 3.0x107 m/s (c) 3.0x108 m/s (d) 3.0x109 m/s

24
Short Questions:

1. What is the least distance of distinct vision?

2. Define magnifying and resolving power for an optical instrument.
3. What is spectrometer? Name its different part.
4. What are fibre optics? Name different types of fibre optics.
5. What is total internal reflection?
6. How light travel in optical fibre via continuous refraction. Explain.
7. Explain briefly different types of optical fibres.
8. What are the reasons behind power losses in optical fibres.

Long Questions:

1. What is meant by simple microscope? Derive relation for magnification of simple

micro scope.
2. Explain construction and working of compound microscope.
3. How astronomical telescope works? Derive expression for its magnification.
4. Explain extensively total internal reflection and continuous refraction.

25
 Chapter 11

1. Pressure of a gas and K.E of molecules are related as

1 2
(a) 𝑃 ∝< 𝐾. 𝐸 > (b) 𝑃 ∝ <𝐾.𝐸> (c) 𝑃 ∝ <𝐾.𝐸> (d) None of

these
2. Ideal gas law is
(a) 𝑃𝑉 = 𝑛𝑅𝑇 (b) 𝑃𝑉 = 𝑛/𝑅𝑇 (c) 𝑃𝑉 = 𝑛𝑅/𝑇 (d) 𝑃𝑉 =
1/𝑛𝑅𝑇
3. Boltzman constant k is defined as
(a) k= RNA (b) k = R/NA (c) k = NA/R (d) None of
these
4. Value of Boltzman constant is
(a) 1.37x10-23 J/K (b) 1.38x10-23 J/K (c) 1.39x10-23 J/K (d) 1.4x10-23 J/K
5. Temperature of a gas and K.E of molecules are related as
1 2
(a) 𝑇 ∝< 𝐾. 𝐸 > (b) 𝑇 ∝ <𝐾.𝐸> (c) 𝑇 ∝ <𝐾.𝐸> (d) None of

these
6. According to Boyle’s law
(a) 𝑃 ∝ 𝑉 (b) 𝑃 ∝ 1/𝑉 (c) 𝑃 ∝ 1/𝑉 2 (d) 𝑃 ∝ 𝑉 2
7. According to Charles’s law
(a) 𝑉 ∝ 𝑇 (b) 𝑉 ∝ 1/𝑇 (c) 𝑉 ∝ 1/𝑇 2 (d) 𝑉 ∝ 𝑇 2
8. Sum of all forms of molecular energies are called as
(a) K.E (b) P.E (c) Internal energy (d) Heat
9. Area under PV graph represents
(a) Energy (b) Work (c) Pressure (d) Force
10. According to First law of thermodynamics
(a) ∆U=Q-W (b) ∆U=Q+W (c) -∆U=Q+W (d) None of these
11. In isothermal process _____ remains constant.
(a) P (b) T (c) V (d) W
12. In isothermal process
(a) W=-Q (b) W= Q (c) W=∆U (d) W=-∆U
13. In adiabatic process
(a) W=-Q (b) W= Q (c) W=∆U (d) W=-∆U
14. Cp-Cv=

26
 (a) P (b) V (c) R (d) T
15. Most efficient heat engine is
(a) Diesel (b) Petrol (c) Carnot (d) Gas
16. Entropy of a system is defined as ∆S
(a) ∆Q/T (b) ∆QT (c) T/∆Q (d) None of these
17. In a natural process, entropy of a system
(a) Decreases (b) Increases (c) Decreases rapidly (d) All of these
18. From Kinetic theory of gases, we conclude
(a) P = ρ<v2>/3 (b) P = 1/3<v2> (c) P = 3ρ<v2> (d) None of these
19. Efficiency of Carnot engine is
(a) 1-T2/T1 (b) 1-T1/T2 (c) 1-T1T2 (d) T2T1
20. Which of these denies the possibility of perpetual machine
(a) Work energy principle
(b) First Law of thermodynamics
(c) Second law of thermodynamics
(d) All of these

Short Questions:
1. How does a gas exert pressure on walls of a cylinder?
2. Prove that Temperature and K.E are directly proportional to each other.
3. What is Boyle’s law?
4. What is Charles’ law?
5. Define internal energy of a system.
6. State first law of thermodynamics.
7. What is isothermal process?
8. What is adiabatic process?
9. Differentiate between Cp and Cv. How these constants are related to R?
10. Differentiate between reversible and irreversible process.
11. State second law of thermodynamics.
12. State Carnot theorem.
13. Define entropy.

Long Questions:
1. Explain how a gas produces pressure in a cylinder. Prove pressure of a gas is directly
related to its K.E.
2. What is Carnot engine? Derive expression for its efficiency.

27
 Answers
Chapter 1

1. d 2. c 3. b 4. d 5. a
6. d 7. b 8. a 9. b 10. a
11. c 12. c

Chapter 2

1. a 2. c 3. c 4. b 5. d
6. c 7. d 8. a 9. c 10. a
11. b 12. c 13. c 14. d 15. a
16. b 17. d 18. c 19. b 20. c
21. c 22. c 23. a 24. b 25. c

Chapter 3

1. a 2. b 3. c 4. b 5. a
6. b 7. b 8. c 9. d 10. a
11. a 12. b 13. a 14. b 15. a

Chapter 4

1. a 2. a 3. b 4. b 5. a
6. c 7. a 8. a 9. c 10. b
11. a 12. c 13. a 14. a 15. c
16. d 17. b 18. a 19. d 20. c
21. c 22. d 23. d 24. a 25. c
26. b 27. c 28. d 29. c

Chapter 5

1. c 2. c 3. d 4. a 5. b
6. a 7. a 8. c 9. a 10. b
11. a 12. b 13. b 14. a 15. a
16. b 17. a 18. b 19. a 20. c
21. c 22. b 23. c 24. b 25. a

28
Chapter 6

1. b 2. a 3. b 4. a 5. c
6. d 7. b 8. a 9. b 10. a
11. b 12. b 13. c 14. b 15. a
16. a 17. c 18. 19. 20.

Chapter 7

1. c 2. b 3. b 4. b 5. c
6. b 7. d 8. a 9. a 10. c
11. c 12. b 13. a 14. b 15. b
16. d 17. b 18. d 19. b 20. b

Chapter 8

1. d 2. a 3. b 4. b 5. b
6. c 7. a 8. c 9. a 10. a
11. d 12. b 13. c 14. d 15. b
16. c 17. b 18. b 19. c 20. a
21. a 22. b 23. a 24. b 25. d

Chapter 9

1. b 2. b 3. d 4. a 5. b
6. a 7. c 8. d 9. b 10. b
11. c 12. a 13. a 14. b 15. b
16. a 17. d 18. d 19. c 20. a
21. c 22. a 23. 24. 25.

Chapter 10

1. b 2. b 3. a 4. a 5. a
6. a 7. a 8. c 9. d 10. b
11. d 12. a 13. c 14. a 15. b
16. a 17. b 18. a 19. b 20. c
21. c 22. d 23. d 24. c 25.

29
Chapter 11

1. a 2. a 3. b 4. b 5. a
6. b 7. a 8. c 9. b 10. a
11. b 12. a 13. d 14. c 15. c
16. a 17. b 18. a 19. a 20. c

30