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 ·
T~ MOT TINH CHAT
VE TR~C
•
TAM TAM 61Ac
D';NG HAl GIANG
Tinh chat sau day cUa trvc tam tam giae co
nhieu Lmg dl,lng trong vi~e giai cac bal tap hlnh hQC.
Tinh chat. Cho AABC co H la tnrc tam, 0 la
tam dlti1ng tron nqoal tiep va M la trung diem BC.
The thl AH = 20M.
Chung minh. Xet tntong hop AABC nhon (cac
tntong hop khac ehLmg minh tuang tl/).
Va duong kinh BD ella (0),
VI DAB = 90° nan DA.l AB.
Ma CH .1 AB nan DA II CH.
Tuang tl,l DC II AH.
Suy ra t(( giae DAHC la hlnh blnh hanh.
Do d6 DC =AH.
Ma DC = 20M (vl OM la duong trung binh ella
aDBC) nan AH = 20M (dpcm),
Bili t~p ap dl,lng
Bili toan 1. Cho AABC nhon n¢i tiep duong
tron tam O. G9i M, N va Plan luqt la trung diem
cac canh BC, CA va AB. Chltng minh rang cac
duong th~ng qua M song song vai OA, qua N
song song vai OB va qua P song song vai OC
dong quy.· ._
Loi giai. G9i H la true tam AABC; I va Elan
luqt la trung diem ella HA va HO.
ViAH = 20M nan AI = IH = OM.
Ma AH 110M (do eung vuong g6e vai BC) nan
cac t(( giae AIMO va IHMO la hinh blnh hanh .
••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• t
.
(GV THCS Thl tran C~m Xuy€m, HiJ Tinh)
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Suy ra MI II AO va E la trung diem ella MI.
T((e la E thuoc duong th~ng qua M song song
vai OA.
Tuang tl,l E cling thuoc cac duong th~ng qua I\J
song song vai OB va qua P song song vai OC.
Tlt d6 suy ra dpem.
Bid toan 2. Cho AABC nhon e6 H la tnrc tam.
Chltng minh rang 9 diem g6m chan ba duong
cao, trung diem ba canh va trung diem cac doan
HA, HB, HC dong viano
LOi giai. sa dunq hinh ve va ehltng minh ella
biJi teen 1 ta co:
1 1
ED =EM =EI = -MI = -OA.
2 2
Sa dl,lng cac ket qua tuang tl,l va ket hop vai
OA = OB = OC ta suy ra 9 diem da eho cling
thuoc duong tron tam E.
Bili toan 3. Cho AABC nhon n¢i tiep duong
tron tam 0 co cac duong cao·AN va CK. Duong
tron nqoal tiep aBKN cat duong tron (0) tal diem
th(( hai M. G9i I la trung diem ella AC. Chltng
minh 1M .1 MB.
LOi giai. G9i H la tnrc, tam ella AABC, J la
trung diem BH.
Ta thay J la tam duong tron ngo~i tiep aBKN
va BH la duong kinh ella (J). 15
..............................................................................................

Vi tCtgiae DOH 4011a hinh blnh hanh nan 01H4 : ·

= OD = R. :
ChUng minh tuang nr ta c6 :
01 H1 = 01 H2 = 01H3 = R. :
V~y bOn di~m H 1, H2 ,
H3, H4 cilng thuQc :
dLtOng tron tam 0 1 ban kinh R (dpcm).

Bid toan 5. Cho dLtOng tron tam 0 ban kinh R :

va d~m P c6 dinh narn ngoai dl.tOng tron. Va M'p :
tuyen PA va cat tuyen PBC (A, B, C nam trEm (0)). :
Chang minh rang khi cat tuyen PBC thay d6i thi :
trve tam H ella MBC chay trim m¢t dLtOng cO dinh. : ·
VI IHJO la hlnh blnh hanh nan IH II OJ.
M : ·
M~t khac, VI M, B la giao di~m ella hai duong

···
tron (0), (J) nan OJ 1- MB.
Suy ra IH 1- MB. ···
Ma BH la duong kinh ella (J) nan HM 1- MB.
Tli d6 suy ra \, H, M th~ng hang va 1M 1- MB. ····
···

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Bcii toan 4. Cho tCt giae ABCD n¢i tiep duong
tron (0 ; R). GQi H 1, H2 , H3, H4 thCt nr la tnrc tam
····
·····
ella cac tam giae ACD, BCD, ABD va ABC.
ChUng minh rang:

a) BH 1, AH 2 , CH 3 va DH4 dong quy.

b) Bon di~m H 1, H2 , H3, H4 dong viano

··· ··
H3
Or · H. ···
···
·····
Li:fi gild. GQi I la hlnh ehieu ella 0 tren BC, K · ··
ella AH. Lay 0' doi xUng vai 0 qua ·
la trung di~m
di~m ·
· ·
cO djnh va tCt giae AOPO' la ·
trung ella PA.
Ta thay 0' la di~m ···
hlnh blnh hanh,
Suy ra O'P II AO va O'P AO. = ····
COng vi tlt giae AOIK la hlnh blnh hanh nan ···
D
AO II KI va AO = KI.
KI. Tli d6 tlt giae ·
··
Suy ra O'P II KI va O'P
O'PIK la hlnh blnh hanh, Suy ra O'K II PI.
=
· ··
Ma PI 1- AK nan O'K 1- AK. ···
Suy ra ~O'AH
can tal 0' O'H O'A. ~ ··
Tli d6 H thu¢e duong tron cO djnh tam 0' ban ·
=

Li:fi giai. a) Vi AH 1 = BH (= 20M) va AH 1 II BH · ··

····
2 2
kfnh O'A (dpem).
(vl cling vuong g6e vai CD) nan tCt AH 1Hgia~
2B

Bcii 1. ChUng minh rang tnrc tam, tronq tam va ·

Bcii til ~p luy~n.
la hlnh blnh hanh,
di~m
···
tam duong tron nqoal tiep ella m¢t tam giae cling ·
Suy ra AH va BH 1 cat nhau tai trung I
ella moi duong.
2
. nam tren m¢t duong th~ng (duong th~ng Ole). ···
ChUng minh tuang nr vai cac cap di~m
khac ta A, B, C · ··
suy ra BH 1, AH CH 3 va DH4 dong quy tal trung thay 95i tren (0) sao eho tnrc tam H ella MBC la ·
Bcii 2. Cho duong tron (0) va ba di~m

di~m
2
,
I ella moi duong (dpem). co dinh nam trong (0). Tim quy tieh ·
di~m ··
b) Lay 0 1 doi xUng vai 0 qua I.
m¢t
chan cac duong cao ella MBC. ·
··
16
...•...••.•••••.•...............•.•.•............•..•..••.........••.•.......•.•••..........
 "
Tim otto ut

00 ilieu bien
•
THAI HOU HU~ (Gv. THCS Quang U:,c, Can Lt?c, Ha Tfnh)

Co rat nhieu phLlong phap giai mt?t bet toen bat dlmg thLic (BDT), nhLlng chUng ta
can tim mt?tphLlong phap giai ng~n 99n nhat. D~c bi~t, chUng ta can t<;lokinang chLing
minh BDT. Khi tim hi€u ve BDT, chUng toi nh~n thay mt?t s6 BDT co bien s6 xec d;nh
trong esc doen thi ta can xem xet kTgia tr; cec bien s6 do d€I~p ra mQt BDT dung, roi
ta BDT dung nay, ta bien d6i thanh BDT phai chLing minh.

Bid toan 1. Cha cac so thuc x, y, Z E [-1 ; 2]
thea man dieu ki~n x + y + Z = O.
ChUng minh rang x 2 + y2 + z2 s 6.
Loi gild. VI x E [-1 ; 2] nen (x + 1)(x - 2) s 0
<=> x2 ::; x + 2.
TL/dng nr y2 s y + 2; z2 s z + 2.
C¢ng ve thea ve cua ba BDT tren ta dL/<;lc
x2 + y2 + z2 ::; X + Y + Z + 6 = 6.
D~ng thltc xay ra khi va chi khi x, y, Z E {-1 ; 2}
va x + y + Z = 0 <=> trang ba so x, y, Z co hai 56
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Loi giai. T,LJdng t,! nhu bai ioen 1, tll
(a + 2)(a.- 5) s 0 ta suy ra a 2 s 3a + 10 cling cac
ket qua tL/dng t,! b2::; 3b + 10 va c 2::; 3c + 10.
Suy ra
a2 + 2b2 + 3c2::; 3(a + 2b + 3c) + 60 = 66 (dpcm).
D~ng thltc xay ra khi va chi khi
a c = -2.
= -2; b = 5;
Bid toan 4. Cha cac so tbuc a, b, c E [0 ; 1].
ChUng minh rang
a 2 + b2 + c2::; 1 + a 2b + b2c + c2a.

bang -1, so con lal bang 2.. Loi gild. Vi a, b e [0 ; 1] nen

Bid toan 2. Cha cac so thirc x, y, Z E [0 ; 2] a(1 - b) ~ a 2(1

- b).
thea man dieu ki~n x + y + Z = 3.
ChUng minh rang x 2 + y2 + z2 s 5.
Loi giai. VI x, y, Z E [0 ; 2] nen
(x - 2)(y - 2)(z - 2) ::; O.
Sa dunq gia thiet x + y + Z = 3 ta dL/<;lc
xyz - 2(xy + yz + zx) + 4(x + Y + z) - 8 ::; 0
<=> xyz + (x 2 + y2 + z2) - (x + Y + z)2 + 4 ::; 0
<=> xyz + (x 2 + y2 + z2) ::; 5.
Tll d6 ket hop voi xyz ~ 0 ta suy ra
x 2 + y2 + z2 s 5.
D~ng thltc xay ra khi va chi khi
(x - 2)(y - 2)(z - 2) = 0; xyz = 0 va x + y + Z = 3
[0 ; 1].
<=> trong ba so x, y, z co mot so bang '2, mot so
TLJOng t'! b(1 - c) ~ b2(1 - c); c(1 - a);~ c2(1 - a).
C¢ng thea ve ba BDT tren ta suy ra
a + b + c - (ab + bc + cal
~ (a 2 + b2 + c 2) - (a 2b + b2c + c 2a)
<=> 1 - (1 - a)(1 - b)(1 - c) - abc
~ (a2 + b2 + c 2) ­ (a 2b + b2c + c2a)
<=> 1 + (a 2b + b2c + c 2a) - abc
~ (a 2 + b2 + c 2) + (1 - a)(1 - b)(1 - c).
Ma(1 - a)(1 - b)(1 - c) ~ 0 va abc ~ 0 nen suy
ra dpcm.
Bid toan 5. Cha 2010 so thuc
a 1, a2,·,; , a 20W E
ChUng minh rang

bang 0, so con lal bang 1.

(1 +a 1+a2+... +a201i~4(af +a~ + ... +a~OlO)'
Bid toan 3. Cha cac so th,!c a, b, C E [-2 ; 5]
thea man dieu kien. a + 2b + 3c ::; 2. Loi gild. Voi cac 56 th,!c x, y bat kJ ta cO
ChUng minh ra'ng a 2 + 2b 2 + 3c 2 ::; 66. (x - y)2 ~ 0 <=> (x + y)2 ~ 4xy.
(De thi tuydn sinh lop 10, nam h9C 2009-2010 Ap dl:mg voi x = 1, y = a 1 + a 2+ ... + a 2010 ta cO
(1 + a 1 + a2 +... + a2010)2 ~ 4(a1 + a2 +... + a2010).
Sa GD-DT Ha Tfnh) 17
 .:xL ~ Co ehinh phttong hhong?
Cho so t'! nhien S c6 2011 chlt so, trong d6 c6 2010 chlt so 5 va m¢t chlt so
a khac 5. Hei S c6 phai la so chfnh phuong hay khOng?
CAO QUaC CUONG (GV THCS Vinh Tuong, Vinh Pnuc)

------------------------~---~
,
.- ....
""7/ ~T... qua? _" [L'IO
, , -/,~,L
t: I\lRO
" !~ so 84)
• --A.EL

Cach dt,tng. Dlfng mot duong tron tam

.° cat man dieu ki$n bal toan.

(TTT2

Ox, Oy tuong ltng tal cac diem A 1' A 2. Cht1ng minh. Theo each dlfng ta c6

A 20A3 =A 30A4 =... =A190A20 =ApA2 =19°.

Tren (0) dlfng lien tiep cac diem cac diem A 3 ,
A 4 , ·· , A 20 phan bi$t, khac A 1, A 2 thea man A 2A3
= A 3A4 =... = A 19A20 = A 1A2·
Tren cung A 1A2 cua (0) d,!ng lien tiep cac
diem cac diern B 1, B2,·., B 17 phan biet, khacA 1,
A 20 thea man
. Ma 19 2 = 361 nen A 10A20 = 361° - 360° = 1°.
Suy ra
A 200B1 ~ BpB 2 = B20B 3 =...
... = B160B 17 = B170A 2 =1°.
Bi~n lu~n. Bal toan luon dlfng dU<;1C va c6 m¢t
nghi$m hinh.
Nh~n xet. Day la mot bal toan quen thuoc,
Toa soan nhan dU<;1c nhieu loi giai cua cac ban,
Ngoai each dlfng quen thuoc tren, cac ban con
c6 them m¢t so each dlfng nlta, vai y tl10ng la
Ian lu¢ tao ra cac g6c 60°, 30°, 15°,4°, 2°, 1°
hoac 95°,5°,20°, 1°.
Cac ban sau dU<;1c thuong ki nay: Tran
Phuong Nga, 9C, THCS Thanh Thuy, Phu ThQ;
Nguyen f)(fc Th9, 9C, THCS Phan B¢i chau, Tlt
Ky, Hai Duong; Nguyen f)ang Huy, 6A, THCS
Hoang Xuan Han, Dltc ThQ, Hli TInh; H6ng oso
Qulm, 80, THCS Cao Xuan Huy, Dien Chau,
Ngh~ An; Nh6m ban Le ChI Hieu, f)ao Anh

A 20B1 = B 1B2 = B2B3 =... = B 16B17 =A 1A20.

Tuyet, Nguyen f)inh Hien, 57B Quang Trung,
TP. Quang Ngai, Quang Ngai.
Ta dU<;1c cac tia OA 2, OB 1, OB 2,.. , OB 17 thea ANH COM PA

~-----------------------------------~

Ma vai moi i E {1 ; 2 ;... ; 2010} ta c6 aj :::>: af '

Ch ung . h"
min rang abc
--+--+--~2.
(vi theo gia thiet a j E [0 ; 1]). be + 1 ca + 1 ab + 1
Tlt d6 suy ra dpcm.

B" 3 Ch 1 < aj <.1 ,.

D~ng thltc xay ra khi va chi khi trong 2010 so 31. 0 2010 - ~ - 2009' Val a 1, a 2,..· ,
da cho c6 2009 so b~lng 0, so con lal bang 1.
Blii t~p luy~n tap. . . a 2000 va b 1,b2,... , b2010 ta cac so th,!c duong.
Blii 1. Cho cac so thuc a, b, c E [0; n Chltng minh rang
Chltng minh rang a 2 + 2b 2 + 3c 2 s 60;

2(a 3 + b3 + c 3 ) s 3 + a 2b + b2c + c 2a. 1

--<
a1+a2+ ... +a2010
<-­
1

Blii 2. Cho cac so thirc a, b, c E [0 ; 1]. 2010 - b1 +b 2 + ... + b2010 - 2009 18

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