XVI.

LIST OF COMMON AND SCIENTIFIC NAMES

Listed below are the scientific and common names of all species identified in the text. The
scientific name is usually provided (parenthetically) at the first usage of the common name;
subsequently, the common name alone is used throughout the text.

Scientific names are presented in taxonomic groupings to the Order, except for the Monera and
Fungi, which are presented only by Phylum. Within Order, scientific names are presented
alphabetically. The taxonomies were obtained from the Integrated Taxonomic Information
System (U.S. Department of Agriculture et al., 2005), the National Plant Data Center (U.S.
Department of Agriculture, 2005), the National Biological Information Infrastructure (U.S.
Geological Survey, 2006), and the Systema Naturae 2000 (Brands, 2005).

KINGDOM MONERA

Phylum Bacteria
Vibrio cholera Cholera bacterium

KINGDOM FUNGI

Phylum Ascomycota
Cryphonectria parasitica Chestnut-blight fungus
Fusarium oxysporum Fusarium (wilt) fungus

Phylum Oomycota
Phytophthora cinnamomi Cinnamon fungus

Phylum Imperfecti
Verticillium spp. Verticillium (wilt) fungus species

KINGDOM PLANTAE

Division Bryophyta
Class Sphagnopsida
Order Sphagnales
Sphagnum spp. Bog moss species

Division Pteridophyta
Class Filicopsida
Order Polypodiales
Onoclea sensibilis Sensitive fern

Division Coniferophyta
Class Pinopsida
Order Pinales
Chamaecyparis thyoides Atlantic white-cedar
Larix laricina Tamarack
Picea mariana Black spruce

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 Order Taxales
Taxus brevifolia
Division Magnoliophyta
Class Liliopsida
Order Cyperales
Carex pseudocyperus
Carex spp.
Cyperus spp.
Distichlis spicata
Eleocharis parvula
Panicum spp.
Phragmites australis
Scirpus maritimus
Scirpus robustus
Spartina alterniflora
Spartina patens
Spartina spp.
Zea mays
Order Najadales
Potamogeton spp.
Triglochin maritimum
Order Arales
Lemna minor
Lemna spp.
Peltandra virginica
Order Typhales
Typha latifolia
Typha spp.
Order Liliales
Pontederia cordata
Class Magnoliopsida
Order Asterales
Baccharis halimifolia
Erechtites hieracifolia
Eupatorium capillifolium
Hieracium kalmii
Iva frutescens
Pluchea purpurascens
Prenanthes racemosa
Solidago spp.
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Pacific yew
Cypress-like sedge
Sedge species
Sedge species
Spikegrass
Dwarf spike rush
Panic grass species
Common reed
Saltmarsh bulrush
Stout bulrush
Smooth cordgrass
Salt-marsh hay
Cordgrass species
Corn
Pondweed species
Seaside arrowgrass
Lesser duckweed
Duckweed species
Arrow arum
Broadleaf cattail
Cattail species
Pickerelweed
Groundsel tree
Fireweed
Dog fennel thoroughwort
Canada hawkweed
Saltmarsh elder
Saltmarsh fleabane
Purple rattlesnake-root
Goldenrod species
Order Dipsacales
Sambucus canadensis Common elderberry
Viburnum dentatum Arrowwood

Order Lamiales
Pycnanthemum torrei Torrey's mountain-mint
Verbena hastata Blue vervain

Order Scrophulariales
Fraxinus nigra Black ash
Utricularia vulgaris Common bladderwort

Order Solanales
Nicotiana rustica Tobacco
Calystegia sepium Hedge false bindweed

Order Polygonales
Polygonum cuspidatum Japanese knotweed
Polygonum perfoliatum Mile-a-minute
Polygonum hydropiperoides Swamp (or water) smartweed
Polygonum spp. Smartweed species

Order Theales
Hypericum adpressum Creeping St. Johnswort

Order Ericales
Clethra alnifolia Sweet pepperbush
Leucothoe racemosa Swamp fetterbush

Order Malvales
Hibiscus moscheutos Rose mallow

Order Salicales
Populus deltoides Eastern cottonwood
Populus spp. Poplar species
Salix discolor Pussy willow

Order Fagales
Alnus sp. Alder species
Betula populifolia Gray birch
Betula spp. Birch species
Castanea dentata American chestnut
Quercus bicolor Swamp white oak
Quercus coccinea Scarlet oak
Quercus lyrata Overcup oak
Quercus palustris Pin oak

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Order Hamamelidales
Liquidambar styraciflua Sweetgum

Order Juglandales
Juglans nigra Black walnut

Order Myricales
Morella (Myrica) pensylvanica Northern bayberry

Order Urticales
Cannabis spp. Hemp
Ulmus americana American elm

Order Nymphaeales
Brasenia schreberi Water shield
Nuphar spp. Water lily species
Nymphaea odorata Fragrant water lily

Order Apiales
Heracleum mantegazzianum Giant hogweed

Order Cornales
Nyssa sylvatica Blackgum

Order Fabales
Phaseolus vulgaris Bean
Robinia pseudoacacia Black locust

Order Myrtales
Lythrum salicaria Purple loosestrife

Order Rhamnales
Rhamnus frangula European buckthorn
Ampelopsis brevipedunculata Amur peppervine

Order Rosales
Aronia prunifolia Purple chokeberry
Prunus serotina Black cherry
Rubus hispidus Swamp dewberry
Sorbus aucuparia European ash
Spiraea tomentosa Steeplebush

Order Linales
Linum spp. Flax

Order Sapindales
Acer negundo Box elder
Acer rubrum Red maple

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 Order Sapindales (continued)
Ailanthus altissima Tree-of-heaven
Ptelea trifoliata Wafer ash
Rhus spp. Sumac species

KINGDOM METAZOA

Phylum Nematoda
Class Phasmida
Order Ascaridida
Baylisascaris procyonis Raccoon roundworm

Phylum Annelida
Class Oligochaeta
Order Haplotaxida
Lumbricus spp. Earthworm species
Lumbricus terrestris Common (European) earthworm

Class Polychaeta
Order Spionida
Polydora ligni Whip mud worm

Order Sabellida
Terebrasabella hetrouncintata South African shell-boring sabellid

Phylum Arthropoda
Class Arachnida
Order Acarina
Ixodes scapularis Deer tick

Class Insecta
Order Orthoptera
Blattella germanica German cockroach

Order Diptera
Calamomyia phragmites Common-reed gall midge
Lasioptera hungarica European univoltine gall midge
Lipara spp. Gall fly species
Thrypticus spp. Petiole mining fly species

Order Lepidoptera
Lymantria dispar Gypsy moth
Ochlodes yuma Yuma skipper
Pyrgus wyandot Appalachian grizzled skipper
Poanes viator Broad-winged skipper

Order Coleoptera
Anthonomus grandis Boll weevil

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 Order Coleoptera (continued)
Galerucella calmariensis
Galerucella pusilla
Galerucella spp.
Class Crustacea
Order Decapoda
Callinectes sapidus
Crangon septemspinosa
Hemigrapsus sanguineus
Palaemonetes pugio
Rhithropanopeus harrisii
Uca spp.
Phylum Mollusca
Class Bivalvia
Order Myoida
Mya arenaria
Order Ostreoida
Crassostrea virginica
Order Unioida
Alasmidonta heterodon
Alasmidonta undulata
Lampsilis cariosa
Lasmigona subviridis
Leptodea ochracea
Strophitus undulates
Order Veneroida
Corbicula fluminea
Dreissena polymorpha
Macoma bathica
Mytilopsis leucophaeata
Mytilopsis sp.
Potamocorbula amurensis
Phylum Chordata
Class Osteichthyes
Order Acipenseriformes
Acipenser brevirostrum
Acipenser oxyrhynchus
Order Clupeiformes
Alosa aestivalis
Alosa pseudoharengus
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Black-margined loosestrife beetle
Golden loosestrife beetle
Loosestrife beetle species
Blue crab
Sand shrimp
Japanese shore crab
Grass shrimp
Estuarine mud crab
Fiddler crab species
Softshell clam
American oyster
Dwarf wedge mussel
Triangle floater
Yellow lampmussel
Green floater
Tidewater mucket
Creeper
Asian (Asiatic) clam
Zebra mussel
Baltic macoma clam
False dark mussel
False mussel species
Amur River corbula clam
Shortnose sturgeon
Atlantic sturgeon
Blueback herring
Alewife
 Order Clupeiformes (continued)
Alosa sapidissima American shad
Alosa spp. Herring species
Anchoa mitchilli Bay anchovy
Dorosoma cepedianum Gizzard shad

Order Anguilliformes
Anguilla rostrata American eel

Order Cypriniformes
Carassius auratus Goldfish
Cyprinus carpio Carp

Order Gadiformes
Microgadus tomcod Tomcod

Order Atheriniformes
Menidia menidia Atlantic silverside
Menidia spp. Silverside species

Order Cyprinodontiformes
Fundulus heteroclitus Mummichog

Order Scorpaeniformes
Cottus spp. Sculpin species
Prionotus evolans Striped searobin

Order Perciformes
Centropristis striata Black sea bass
Etheostoma spp. Darter species
Micropogonias undulatus Atlantic croaker
Morone americana White perch
Morone saxatilis Striped bass
Percina spp. Darter species
Pomatomus saltatrix Bluefish

Order Gobiiformes
Gobiosoma bosc Naked goby

Order Pleuronectiformes
Paralichthys dentatus Summer flounder
Pseudopleuronectes americanus Winter flounder
Trinectes maculates Hogchoker

Class Amphibia
Order Urodela
Ambystoma jeffersonianum Jefferson’s salamander
Ambystoma opacum Marbled salamander

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 Order Urodela (continued)
Gyrinophilus porphyriticus Northern spring salamander

Order Anura
Bufo terrestris Southern toad
Bufo woodhousii fowleri Fowler’s toad

Class Reptilia
Order Chelonia
Clemmys guttata
Clemmys insculpta
Clemmys muhlenbergii
Kinosternon subrubrum
Malaclemys terrapin
Sternotherus odoratus
Terrapene carolina
Trachemys scripta
Spotted turtle
Wood turtle
Bog turtle
Eastern mud turtle
Diamondback terrapin
Stinkpot
Eastern box turtle
Red-eared slider

Order Squamata
Coluber constrictor Northern black racer
Eumeces fasciatus Five-lined skink
Opheodrys vernalis Smooth green snake

Class Aves
Order Podicipediformes
Podilymbus podiceps Pied-billed grebe

Order Anseriformes
Anas platyrhynchos Mallard
Anas rubripes Black duck
Anas strepera Gadwall
Aythya americana Redhead
Branta canadensis Canada goose
Bucephala albeola Bufflehead

Order Ciconiiformes
Ardea alba
Ardea exilis
Ardea herodias
Botaurus lentiginosus
Egretta caerulea
Egretta tricolor
Ixobrychus exilis
Nyctanassa violacea
Nycticorax nycticorax
Great egret
Least bittern
Great blue heron
American bittern
Little blue heron
Tricolor heron
Least bittern
Yellow-crowned night heron
Black-crowned night heron

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Order Falconiformes
Accipiter cooperii
Accipiter gentiles
Accipiter striatus
Buteo lineatus
Buteo platypterus
Circus cyaneus
Falco peregrinus
Falco sparverius
Haliaeetus leucocephalus
Pandion haliaetus
Cooper’s hawk
Northern goshawk
Sharp-shinned hawk
Red-shouldered hawk
Broad-winged hawk
Northern harrier
Peregrine falcon
American kestrel
Bald eagle
Osprey

Order Gruiformes
Coturnicops noveboracensis Yellow rail
Gallinula chloropus Common moorhen
Rallus elegans King rail
Rallus longirostris obsoletus California clapper rail
Rallus spp. Rail species

Order Charadriiformes
Actitis macularia Spotted sandpiper
Bartramia longicauda Upland sandpiper
Calidris alba Sanderling
Calidris alpina Dunlin
Calidris canutus Red knot
Calidris minutilla Least sandpiper
Catoptrophorus semipalmatus Willet
Chlidonias niger Black tern
Limosa fedoa Marbled godwit
Limosa haemastica Hudsonian godwit
Numenius phaeopus Whimbrel
Phalaropus tricolor Wilson’s phalarope
Rynchops niger Black skimmer
Scolopax minor American woodcock
Sterna antillarum Least tern
Sterna caspia Caspian tern
Sterna dougallii Roseate tern
Sterna hirundo Common tern
Tringa arenaria Sanderling
Tringa solitaria Solitary sandpiper
Tryngites subruficollis Buff-breasted sandpiper

Order Columbiformes
Columba livia Rock dove

Order Cuculiformes
Coccyzus americanus Yellow-billed cuckoo

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Order Cuculiformes (continued)
Coccyzus erythropthalmus Black-billed cuckoo

Order Strigiformes
Asio flammeus Short-eared owl
Asio otus Long-eared owl
Strix varia Barred owl
Tyto alba Common barn owl

Order Caprimulgiformes
Chordeiles acutipennis Lesser nighthawk
Chordeiles minor Common nighthawk

Order Coraciiformes
Ceryle alcyon Belted kingfisher

Order Piciformes
Melanerpes erythrocephalus Red-headed woodpecker

Order Passeriformes
Agelaius phoeniceus Red-winged blackbird
Ammodramus caudacutus Sharp-tailed sparrow
Ammodramus maritimus Seaside sparrow
Ammodramus palustris Swamp sparrow
Ammodramus spp. Sparrow species
Cardinalis cardinalis Northern cardinal
Carduelis tristis American goldfinch
Catharus fuscescens Veery
Catharus minimus Gray-cheeked thrush
Catharus ustulatus Swainson’s thrush
Cistothorus palustris Marsh wren
Cistothorus platensis Sedge wren
Corvus brachyrhynchos American crow
Dendroica caerulescens Black-throated blue warbler
Dendroica castanea Buff-breasted warbler
Dendroica discolor Prairie warbler
Dendroica petechia Yellow warbler
Dendroica virens Black-throated green warbler
Dolichonyx oryzivorus Bobolink
Dumetella carolinensis Gray catbird
Empidonax minimus Least flycatcher
Eremophila alpestris Horned lark
Geothlypis trichas Common yellowthroat
Hylocichla mustelina Wood thrush
Icterus galbula Baltimore oriole
Lanius ludovicianus Loggerhead shrike
Melospiza melodia Song sparrow

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 Order Passeriformes (continued)
Melospiza spp.
Mimus polyglottos
Molothrus ater
Parula americana
Passerculus sandwichensis
Petrochelidon pyrrhonota
Pooecetes gramineus
Riparia riparia
Spiza americana
Sturnella magna
Sturnus vulgaris
Troglodytes tyroglodytes
Vireo solitarius
Vermivora pinus
Wilsonia canadensis
Sparrow species
Northern mockingbird
Brown-headed cowbird
Northern parula
Savannah sparrow
Cliff swallow
Vesper sparrow
Bank swallow
Dickcissel
Eastern meadowlark
European starling
Winter wren
Solitary vireo
Blue-winged warbler
Canada warbler

Class Mammalia
Order Rodentia
Castoroides ohioensis Giant beaver
Mus musculus House mouse
Neotoma magister Allegheny woodrat
Ondatra zibethicus Muskrat
Rattus norvegicus Norway rat

Order Chiroptera
Myotis sodalis Indiana bat

Order Lagomorpha
Sylvilagus floridanus Eastern cottontail rabbit

Order Proboscidea
Elephas primigenius Mammoth
Mammut americanus American mastodon

Order Carnivora
Canis familiaris Domestic dog
Canis latrans Coyote
Felis silvestris Domestic cat
Lutra canadensis River otter
Mustela vison Mink
Procyon lotor Northern raccoon
Urocyon cinereoargenteus Gray fox
Vulpes vulpes Red fox

Order Pinnipedia
Phoca vitulina Harbor seal

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Order Artiodactyla
Bos taurus Domestic cow
Cervalces scotti Stag-moose
Odocoileus virginianus White-tailed deer
Rangifer tarandus Caribou

Order Primata
Homo sapiens Human (modern)

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