Hacienda de Calamba Negros

 Longer and older history.  More recent in terms of history.

 Developed a large-scale property in a  Featured varieties of haciendas of

single corporate enterprise.
 By 1850s, Calamba was already a thriving
economy, with much of its dynamism
brought by migrants.
 Politicians deliberately targeted and
attacked a religious order in Calamba.
different sizes in a territory setting that
involves different ethnic groups.
 By 1850s, the hacienda in Negros was still
largely a wasteland with only four major,
mostly immigrant, sugar hacenderos. And
with a very small population of
approximately 100,000.

 No steam-powered sugar mills.  Had a direct interest in improving milling

 No evidence of foreign merchants’
houses.
 Had financial difficulties.
 Dependent on the Anglo-Chinese
commercial Network.
technology.
 There were investments from foreign
merchants’ houses in Iloilo
 Has easy access to capital.
 Not dependent on the Anglo-Chinese.

 High-quality sugars.

Both supplied their sharecroppers

with work animals, farm
equipment and cash advances.
The push to produce sugar did not
come from the state but from the
market.