Vaccine. 2018 Sep 11;36(38):5732-5737. doi: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2018.08.010. Epub 2018 Aug 11.

Rubella virus neutralizing antibody response after a

third dose of measles-mumps-rubella vaccine in young
adults.
McLean HQ1, Fiebelkorn AP2, Ogee-Nwankwo A3, Hao L3, Coleman LA4, Adebayo
A3, Icenogle JP3.
Author information
1
Center for Clinical Epidemiology & Population Health, Marshfield Clinic Research Institute,
1000 North Oak Ave, Marshfield, WI 54449, USA. Electronic address:
mclean.huong@marshfieldresearch.org.
2
Immunization Services Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases,
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA.
3
Division of Viral Diseases, National Center for Immunizations and Respiratory Diseases,
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA.
4
Center for Clinical Epidemiology & Population Health, Marshfield Clinic Research Institute,
1000 North Oak Ave, Marshfield, WI 54449, USA.
Abstract
BACKGROUND:
Third doses of measles-mumps-rubella (MMR) vaccine have been administered during mumps
outbreaks and in various non-outbreak settings. The immunogenicity of the rubella component
has not been evaluated following receipt of a third dose of MMR vaccine.

METHODS:
Young adults aged 18-31 years with documented two doses of MMR vaccine received a third
dose of MMR vaccine between July 2009 and October 2010. Rubella neutralizing antibody titers
were assessed before, 1 month, and 1 year after receipt of a third dose of MMR vaccine.

RESULTS:
Among 679 participants, 1.8% had rubella antibody titers less than 10 U/ml, immediately before
vaccination, approximately 15 years after receipt of a second dose of MMR vaccine. One month
after receipt of a third dose of MMR vaccine, average titers were 4.5 times higher and >50% of
participants had a 4-fold boost. Response was highest among those with titers less than 10 U/ml
prior to vaccination (geometric mean titer ratio = 18.8; 92% seroconversion) and decreased with
increasing pre-vaccination titers. Average titers declined 1 year postvaccination but remained
significantly higher than pre-vaccination levels. The proportion classified as low-positive antibody
levels increased from 3% 1 month postvaccination to 24% 1 year postvaccination.

CONCLUSIONS:
Vaccination with a third dose of MMR vaccine resulted in a robust boosting of rubella neutralizing
antibody response that remained elevated 1 year later. Young adults with low rubella titers are
more likely to benefit from a third dose of MMR vaccine.
 Copyright © 2018 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
KEYWORDS:
Immune response; Rubella; Third-dose measles-mumps-rubella (MMR) vaccine

PMID:

30107992

DOI:

10.1016/j.vaccine.2018.08.010
[Indexed for MEDLINE]

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Publication type, MeSH terms, Substances

Publication type

 Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.

MeSH terms

 Adolescent
 Adult
 Antibodies, Neutralizing/blood*
 Antibodies, Viral/blood*
 Female
 Humans
 Immunization Schedule*
 Immunization, Secondary/methods*
 Male
 Measles-Mumps-Rubella Vaccine/administration & dosage*
 Rubella/immunology
 Rubella/prevention & control
 Rubella virus/immunology*
 Vaccination
 Young Adult

Substances

 Antibodies, Neutralizing
 Antibodies, Viral
 Measles-Mumps-Rubella Vaccine
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 Elsevier Science
 ClinicalKey

Medical

 Rubella - Genetic Alliance

 Mumps - Genetic Alliance
 Measles - Genetic Alliance
J Clin Microbiol. 2018 Apr 25;56(5). pii: e01954-17. doi: 10.1128/JCM.01954-17. Print 2018 May.

Diagnostic Yield of Laboratory Methods and Value of

Viral Genotyping during an Outbreak of Mumps in a
Partially Vaccinated Population in British Columbia,
Canada.
Nunn A1, Masud S2, Krajden M1,2, Naus M1,3, Jassem AN4,2.
Author information
1
British Columbia Centre for Disease Control, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.
2
Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia,
Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.
3
School of Population and Public Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada.
4
British Columbia Centre for Disease Control, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
agatha.jassem@bccdc.ca.
Abstract
Mumps remains endemic in North America despite routine use of the measles, mumps,
and rubella (MMR) vaccine. In 2016, an outbreak of mumps in British Columbia, Canada,
provided an opportunity to determine the diagnostic utility of laboratory testing methods.
Specimens from patients with clinical mumps were tested for infection using a commercial
enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for antibody detection and an in-house reverse
transcriptase PCR (RT-PCR) targeting viral fusion and small hydrophobic (SH) genes. Viral
genotyping was performed by SH gene sequencing. Laboratory data was linked with
epidemiologic case data. Of the 139 confirmed cases, 94 (68%) had reported or documented
history of MMR vaccination. Specimens were typically collected 1 day (for buccal and IgM tests)
or 2 days (for urine tests) after symptom onset. Most confirmed cases (69%) were confirmed by
buccal swab RT-PCR. Among cases tested by multiple methods, the percent positivity for buccal
swab RT-PCR was 90% (96/107) compared to 43% (30/69) for both IgM ELISA and urine RT-
PCR. Mumps IgM detection was higher in confirmed cases with no history of vaccination than in
those with history (64% versus 34%, P = 0.02). The outbreak strain was identified as genotype G
related to MuVi/Sheffield.GBR/1.05 but with conserved variations in five nucleotides within the
SH gene that allowed linkage of geographically distinct cases. In conclusion, RT-PCR of buccal
specimens had the highest diagnostic yield during a mumps outbreak in a partially vaccinated
population. To optimize mumps diagnostic potential, clinicians should collect specimens
depending on when the patient presents for care and their immunization history.

© Crown copyright 2018.

KEYWORDS:
PCR; diagnosis; genotyping; mumps; serology

PMID:
 29491021

PMCID:

PMC5925731

DOI:

10.1128/JCM.01954-17
[Indexed for MEDLINE]
Free PMC Article

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MeSH terms, Substances

MeSH terms

 Adolescent
 Adult
 Aged
 Antibodies, Viral/blood
 British Columbia/epidemiology
 Child
 Child, Preschool
 Disease Outbreaks*
 Female
 Genes, Viral/genetics
 Genetic Variation
 Genotype
 Humans
 Immunoglobulin M/blood
 Infant
 Male
 Measles-Mumps-Rubella Vaccine/genetics
 Measles-Mumps-Rubella Vaccine/isolation & purification
 Middle Aged
 Mumps/diagnosis*
 Mumps/epidemiology*
 Mumps/virology
 Mumps virus/classification
 Mumps virus/genetics*
 Mumps virus/immunology
 RNA, Viral/genetics
 Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction
 Vaccination/statistics & numerical data
 Young Adult

Substances

 Antibodies, Viral
 Immunoglobulin M
 Measles-Mumps-Rubella Vaccine
 RNA, Viral
LinkOut - more resources

Full Text Sources

 HighWire
 Europe PubMed Central
 PubMed Central

Medical

 Mumps - Genetic Alliance

 Mumps - MedlinePlus Health Information
Hum Vaccin Immunother. 2018 Apr 3;14(4):887-893. doi: 10.1080/21645515.2017.1412021. Epub
2018 Jan 16.

Serological survey of mumps antibodies in adults in

the Czech Republic and the need for changes to the
vaccination strategy.
Smetana J1, Chlibek R1, Hanovcova I1, Sosovickova R1, Smetanova L2, Polcarova P1, Gal
P3, Dite P1,4.
Author information
1
a Department of Epidemiology , Faculty of Military Health Sciences, University of Defence ,
Hradec Kralove , Czech Republic.
2
b Department of Rehabilitation , University Hospital , Hradec Kralove , Czech Republic.
3
c Military Health Institute , Ceske Budejovice , Czech Republic.
4
d Military Health Institute , Brno , Czech Republic.
Abstract
Mumps outbreaks, especially in adolescents and young adults, have been reported in the Czech
Republic. The aim of the presented study was to determine the seroprevalence of specific IgG
antibodies against mumps in the adult population of the Czech Republic. The study was
designed as a multicenter serological survey of adults aged 18 years and over. Specific IgG
antibodies against mumps were detected in blood samples using an enzyme-linked
immunosorbent assay (ELISA). A total of 1,911 serum samples were examined. The overall
seropositivity reached 55.3%. In individual age groups, the highest seropositivity 63% (63.5-
65.2%) was recorded in adults aged 40 years and over; the lowest seropositivity was found in
adults aged 18-29 years (27.4%). The difference in seropositivity rate between the 18-29 years
age group and the 40 years and over age groups was statistically significant (p < 0.001). Only
the 18-29 years age group included both vaccinated and unvaccinated (born in the pre-
vaccine era) individuals. In vaccinated individuals, seropositivity was reported in only 19.1% of
persons; in unvaccinated individuals, seropositivity reached 48.2%. Our results demonstrate the
long-term persistence of antibodies following natural infection and the decrease in seropositivity
that occurs after vaccination over time. This immunity waning may account for the higher
susceptibility of adolescents and young adults to mumps. Therefore, the current vaccination
program in the Czech Republic could be considered as less effective. It will be modified with the
shifting of the second dose of vaccine from two years of age to the preschool age.
KEYWORDS:
Czech Republic; adults; antibodies; mumps; seroprevalence; vaccination program

PMID:

29206078
 PMCID:

PMC5893213

DOI:

10.1080/21645515.2017.1412021
[Indexed for MEDLINE]
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Publication type

 Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

 Adolescent
 Adult
 Aged
 Antibodies, Viral/blood*
 Antibodies, Viral/immunology*
 Czech Republic
 Disease Outbreaks/prevention & control
 Female
 Humans
 Immunization Programs/methods
 Male
 Measles/immunology
 Measles/prevention & control
 Measles-Mumps-Rubella Vaccine/immunology
 Middle Aged
 Mumps/blood
 Mumps/immunology*
 Mumps/prevention & control*
 Mumps virus/immunology
 Seroepidemiologic Studies
 Surveys and Questionnaires
 Vaccination/methods
 Young Adult
 Substances

 Antibodies, Viral
 Measles-Mumps-Rubella Vaccine
LinkOut - more resources

Full Text Sources

 Taylor & Francis

 Europe PubMed Central
 PubMed Central

Medical

 Mumps - Genetic Alliance

 Mumps - MedlinePlus Health Information
Prev Med Rep. 2018 Feb 23;10:93-99. doi: 10.1016/j.pmedr.2018.02.005. eCollection 2018 Jun.

Sociodemographic predictors are associated with

compliance to a vaccination-reminder in 9692 girls age
14, Denmark 2014-2015.
Suppli CH1, Dreier JW 2,3, Rasmussen M4, Andersen AN2, Valentiner-Branth P1, Mølbak
K1, Krause TG1.
Author information
1
Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology and Prevention, Statens Serum Institut,
Copenhagen, Denmark.
2
Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Denmark.
3
National Centre for Register-based Research, Aarhus University, Denmark.
4
National Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Copenhagen, Denmark.
Abstract
We aimed to identify sociodemographic predictors of compliance after receiving a personalised
reminder on lacking vaccinations against MMR (Measles, Mumps, Rubella) and/or HPV (Human
Papilloma Virus) among parents of Danish adolescent girls. A nationwide register-based study,
including all 14-year-old girls (15 May 2014-14 May 2015) lacking either MMR, HPV-vaccination
or both. Vaccination-compliance following a postal reminder was modelled using multivariable
logistic regression and included the following socio-demographic predictors: maternal age,
education, employment and ethnicity. Birth order, number of siblings, family-structure, location of
residence, and household income. The parents of 9692 girls received a reminder. Out of 4940
exclusively lacking an HPV-vaccine, 15.3% were subsequently vaccinated. Among 2026 only
lacking an MMR vaccination, 8.5% were vaccinated. Among 2726 girls lacking both, 5% received
an HPV, 4.4% an MMR and 5.4% received both vaccinations. We identified sociodemographic
differences between reminderletter-compliers and non-compliers, also according to vaccination
types. Non-western descendants were more likely to receive HPV-vaccination, although the
association was only significant for those who only lacked HPV (OR 2.02, 95% 1.57-2.59). For
girls only lacking an MMR, regional differences were identified. Among girls lacking both
vaccines, girls of mothers with intermediate (OR 0.63, 0.42-0.95) or basic education (OR 0.43,
0.24-0.75) were less likely to be vaccinated compared to girls of higher educated mothers.
Reminders were in particular effective in increasing HPV uptake among immigrants of non-
Western ethnicity. We found reminders to be less effective among less educated mothers whose
daughters lacked both vaccines. To increase the coverage in this group, additional interventions
are needed.
KEYWORDS:
Immunization; Socioeconomic factors; Vaccination

PMID:
 29868358

PMCID:

PMC5984205

DOI:

10.1016/j.pmedr.2018.02.005
Free PMC Article

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 PubMed Central
J Infect Dis. 2016 Apr 1;213(7):1115-23. doi: 10.1093/infdis/jiv555. Epub 2015 Nov 23.

Measles Virus Neutralizing Antibody Response, Cell-

Mediated Immunity, and Immunoglobulin G Antibody
Avidity Before and After Receipt of a Third Dose of
Measles, Mumps, and Rubella Vaccine in Young Adults.
Fiebelkorn AP1, Coleman LA2, Belongia EA2, Freeman SK2, York D2, Bi D1, Kulkarni
A3, Audet S3, Mercader S1, McGrew M1, Hickman CJ1, Bellini WJ1, Shivakoti R4, Griffin
DE4, Beeler J3.
Author information
1
National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and
Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia.
2
Marshfield Clinic Research Foundation, Wisconsin.
3
Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring.
4
W. Harry Feinstone Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Johns Hopkins
Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland.
Abstract
BACKGROUND:
Two doses of measles, mumps, and rubella (MMR) vaccine are 97% effective against measles,
but waning antibody immunity to measles and failure of the 2-dose vaccine occur. We
administered a third MMR dose (MMR3) to young adults and assessed immunogenicity over 1
year.

METHODS:
Measles virus (MeV) neutralizing antibody concentrations, cell-mediated immunity (CMI), and
immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibody avidity were assessed at baseline and 1 month and 1 year after
MMR3 receipt.

RESULTS:
Of 662 subjects at baseline, 1 (0.2%) was seronegative for MeV-neutralizing antibodies (level, <8
mIU/mL), and 23 (3.5%) had low antibody levels (8-120 mIU/mL). One month after MMR3
receipt, 1 subject (0.2%) was seronegative, and 6 (0.9%) had low neutralizing antibodies, with
only 21 of 662 (3.2%) showing a ≥ 4-fold rise in neutralizing antibodies. One year after MMR3
receipt, no subject was seronegative, and 10 of 617 (1.6%) had low neutralizing antibody levels.
CMI analyses showed low levels of spot-forming cells after stimulation, suggesting the presence
of T-cell memory, but the response was minimal after MMR3 receipt. MeV IgG avidity did not
correlate with findings of neutralization analyses.

CONCLUSIONS:
Most subjects were seropositive before MMR3 receipt, and very few had a secondary immune
response after MMR3 receipt. Similarly, CMI and avidity analyses showed minimal qualitative
 improvements in immune response after MMR3 receipt. We did not find compelling data to
support a routine third dose of MMR vaccine.

Published by Oxford University Press for the Infectious Diseases Society of America 2015. This work is
written by (a) US Government employee(s) and is in the public domain in the US.
KEYWORDS:
cell-mediated immunity; immunization; measles; measles vaccine immunogenicity;
measles virus antibody avidity; third dose of measles,
mumps, rubella (MMR) vaccine; vaccine-preventable disease

PMID:

26597262

PMCID:

PMC5729920

DOI:

10.1093/infdis/jiv555
[Indexed for MEDLINE]
Free PMC Article

Publication type, MeSH terms, Substances, Grant support

Publication type

 Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.

MeSH terms

 Adolescent
 Adult
 Antibodies, Neutralizing/blood*
 Antibodies, Viral/blood*
 Antibody Affinity
 Cohort Studies
 Female
 Humans
 Immunity, Cellular/physiology*
 Immunization Schedule
 Immunoglobulin G/blood*
 Longitudinal Studies
 Male
 Measles virus/immunology*
 Measles-Mumps-Rubella Vaccine/administration & dosage
 Measles-Mumps-Rubella Vaccine/immunology*
 Neutralization Tests
 Odds Ratio
 Young Adult

Substances

 Antibodies, Neutralizing
 Antibodies, Viral
 Immunoglobulin G
 Measles-Mumps-Rubella Vaccine

Grant support

 CC999999/Intramural CDC HHS/United States

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 Silverchair Information Systems

 Europe PubMed Central - Author Manuscript
 Ovid Technologies, Inc.
 PubMed Central - Author Manuscript

Medical

 Rubella - Genetic Alliance

 Mumps - Genetic Alliance
 Measles - Genetic Alliance
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2018 Jul 31;15(8). pii: E1618. doi: 10.3390/ijerph15081618.

Mumps in the Vaccination Age: Global Epidemiology

and the Situation in Germany.
Beleni AI1, Borgmann S2.

Author information
1

Department of Urology and Comprehensive Cancer Center, Vienna General Hospital, Medical
University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, 1090 Vienna, Austria. andrea-
ioana.beleni@meduniwien.ac.at.

Department of Infectious Diseases and Infection Control, Hospital of Ingolstadt, D-85049

Ingolstadt, Germany. stefan.borgmann@klinikum-ingolstadt.de.

Abstract
Vaccination against mumps virus (MuV) (mostly measles-mumps-rubella) is routinely performed
in more than 120 countries and has resulted in a distinct decrease of mumps incidence.
However, alteration of mumps epidemiology has been observed in several countries after
implementation of the vaccine but is sparsely documented. Moreover, outbreaks have occurred
after starting vaccination, even in highly vaccinated populations. In the former German
Democratic Republic (DDR) mumps was a notifiable disease but vaccination against mumps was
not implemented. In the five eastern German states forming the DDR until 1990, mumps was not
notifiable until 2001. Except for the lack of reporting between 1990⁻2000, data from Eastern
Germany allow analysis of mumps epidemiology after initiating the vaccination campaign. For the
period from 2001 to 2016 the data show that the incidence of mumps dropped notably after
initiating vaccines, and was accompanied by an increase of the median age of patients with
mumps. In Eastern Germany, no outbreaks were noted, while several outbreaks occurred in
Western Germany, possibly due to a lower vaccination rate. Further literature analysis revealed
that outbreaks were facilitated by waning immunity and crowding. Nevertheless, although
vaccination prevented infection, the course of illness, once infected, was sometimes more
complicated. In comparison to non-vaccinated populations, high rates of complicated courses
occurred and were marked by orchitis, due to higher age of mumps patients. Therefore, refusing
vaccination against mumps increases the risk of severe courses when living in a vaccinated
population.
KEYWORDS:
Jeryl Lynn; Leningrad-Zagreb; Urabe; measles-mumps-rubella vaccination; orchitis;
vaccination effectiveness; waning immunity

PMID:
 30065192

PMCID:

PMC6121553

DOI:

10.3390/ijerph15081618

Publication type, MeSH terms, Substance

Publication type

 Review

MeSH terms

 Adolescent
 Adult
 Aged
 Aged, 80 and over
 Child
 Child, Preschool
 Disease Outbreaks/prevention & control
 Female
 Germany/epidemiology
 Humans
 Immunization Programs/organization & administration*
 Incidence
 Infant
 Male
 Measles/epidemiology*
 Measles/prevention & control*
 Measles-Mumps-Rubella Vaccine/therapeutic use*
 Middle Aged
 Mumps/epidemiology*
 Mumps/prevention & control*
 Vaccination/statistics & numerical data*
 Young Adult

Substance
 Measles-Mumps-Rubella Vaccine
LinkOut - more resources

Full Text Sources

 Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (MDPI) - PDF

 Europe PubMed Central
 PubMed Central

Medical

 Mumps - Genetic Alliance

 Mumps - MedlinePlus Health Information
 Measles - MedlinePlus Health Information
 Immunization - MedlinePlus Health Information
Hum Vaccin Immunother. 2015;11(7):1754-61. doi: 10.1080/21645515.2015.1040967.

Dynamics of the serologic response in vaccinated and

unvaccinated mumps cases during an epidemic.
Kaaijk P1, Gouma S, Hulscher HI, Han WG, Kleijne DE, van Binnendijk RS, van Els CA.
Author information
1
a Centre for Infectious Disease Control; National Institute for Public Health and the
Environment (RIVM) ; Bilthoven , the Netherlands.
Abstract
In the last decade, several mumps outbreaks were reported in various countries despite high
vaccination coverage. In most cases, young adults were affected who have acquired immunity
against mumps solely by vaccination and not by previous wild-type mumps virus infection. To
investigate mumps-specific antibody levels, functionality and dynamics during a mumps
epidemic, blood samples were obtained longitudinally from 23 clinical mumps cases, with or
without a prior history of vaccination, and from 20 healthy persons with no serological evidence
of recent mumps virus infection. Blood samples from mumps cases were taken 1-2 months and
7-10 months after onset of disease. Both vaccinated and unvaccinated mumps cases had
significantly higher geomean concentrations of mumps-specific IgG (resp. 13,617 RU/ml (95% CI
of 9,574-19,367 RU/ml) vs. 1,552 (445-5412) RU/ml at 1-2 months; and 6,514 (5,247-8,088)
RU/ml vs. 1,143 (480-2,725) RU/ml at 7-10 months) than healthy controls (169 (135-210) RU/ml)
(p = 0.001). Patterns in virus-neutralizing (VN) antibody responses against the
mumps vaccine virus were similar, vaccinated and unvaccinated mumps cases had significantly
higher ND50 values at both time points of sampling (resp 4,695 (3,779-5,832) RU/ml vs. 1,533
(832-2,825) RU/ml at 1-2 months; 2,478 (1,968-3,122) RU/ml vs. 1,221 (1,029-1,449) RU/ml at 7-
10 months) compared with (previously vaccinated) healthy controls (122 (196-76)) RU/ml) (p =
0.001) The unvaccinated mumps cases had significantly lower mumps-specific IgG and VN
antibody concentrations at both sampling points compared with previously vaccinated cases, but
their antibody concentrations did not differ significantly at the 2 time points. In contrast, the
mumps-specific IgG and VN antibody concentrations of the previously vaccinated mumps cases
were significantly higher within the first 2 months after onset of mumps and declined thereafter,
characteristic for a secondary response. A moderate correlation was found between the level of
mumps-specific IgG serum antibodies and VN antibodies for the mumps cases (r = 0.64;
p<0.001).
KEYWORDS:
95% CI, lower and upper 95% confidence intervals of GMC; GMC, geometric mean
concentration; MMR, measles mumps and rubella; ND50, reciprocal virus-neutralizing
antibody dose; RU/ml, RIVM units per ml; VN, virus-neutralizing antibody; antibody
dynamics; antibody response; epidemic; mumps; vaccination; virus neutralization

PMID:
 26047038

PMCID:

PMC4514281

DOI:

10.1080/21645515.2015.1040967
[Indexed for MEDLINE]
Free PMC Article

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Publication types, MeSH terms, Substances

Publication types

 Observational Study
 Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

 Adolescent
 Adult
 Antibodies, Neutralizing/analysis
 Antibodies, Viral/analysis
 Epidemics*
 Female
 Humans
 Immunoglobulin G/analysis
 Male
 Middle Aged
 Mumps/epidemiology*
 Mumps/immunology*
 Mumps/prevention & control
 Mumps Vaccine/immunology*
 Neutralization Tests
 Vaccination
 Vaccines, Combined
 Young Adult

Substances
 Antibodies, Neutralizing
 Antibodies, Viral
 Immunoglobulin G
 Mumps Vaccine
 Vaccines, Combined
LinkOut - more resources

Full Text Sources

 Taylor & Francis

 Europe PubMed Central
 PubMed Central

Medical

 Mumps - Genetic Alliance

 Mumps - MedlinePlus Health Information
Enferm Infecc Microbiol Clin. 2015 Jun-Jul;33(6):385-90. doi: 10.1016/j.eimc.2014.09.011. Epub 2014
Dec 2.

[An outbreak of mumps in a high school: Estimation

of vaccine effectiveness. Zaragoza 2011].
[Article in Spanish]
Compés-Dea C1, Guimbao-Bescós J2, Gaspar-Escayola JI2, Lázaro-Belanche MÁ2, Aznar-
Brieba A2.
Author information
1
Sección de Vigilancia Epidemiológica, Subdirección Provincial de Salud Pública de Zaragoza,
Departamento de Sanidad, Bienestar Social y Familia, Gobierno de Aragón, Zaragoza,
España. Electronic address: ccompesd@salud.aragon.es.
2
Sección de Vigilancia Epidemiológica, Subdirección Provincial de Salud Pública de Zaragoza,
Departamento de Sanidad, Bienestar Social y Familia, Gobierno de Aragón, Zaragoza,
España.
Abstract
INTRODUCTION:
Mumps outbreaks continue to occur, even after the consolidation of vaccination programs. An
outbreak of mumps occurred in a high school in Zaragoza during December 2011.

OBJECTIVE:
To describe the outbreak and estimate vaccine effectiveness.

METHODS:
CASE DEFINITION:
unilateral or bilateral swelling of the parotid or other salivary glands for three or more days
without any other apparent cause.

REFERENCE POPULATION:
People attending the 'Parque Goya' High School or with transmission chain origin in the High
School.

OUTBREAK PERIOD:
From two days before the onset of symptoms of the first case to five days after the last case.
Samples were collected for virus confirmation (IgM, urine culture and oropharyngeal exudate),
and isolates were processed for genotyping. A retrospective cohort study was performed in two
high school classrooms to estimate vaccine efficacy. Public health authorities conducted active
surveillance, isolation of cases, and vaccination of susceptible contacts.

RESULTS:
There were 27 cases. Twenty-one (77.8%) were vaccinated with two doses of Measles-Mumps-
Rubella vaccine. Twelve (44%) were confirmed microbiologically. G1 genotype was determined
in six cases. According to the cohort study, vaccine efficacy for one dose was 34% (95%CI: -44
to 70), and was 67% (95%CI: 28 to 83) for two doses.
 CONCLUSIONS:
Vaccine effectiveness was lower than expected. Early detection and isolation of cases have been
instrumental in preventing new cases in schools.

Copyright © 2014 Elsevier España, S.L.U. y Sociedad Española de Enfermedades Infecciosas y

Microbiología Clínica. All rights reserved.
KEYWORDS:
Brotes de enfermedades; Disease outbreaks; Efectividad; Effectiveness; Epidemiological
surveillance; Mumps; Mumps vaccine; Parotiditis; Vacuna parotiditis; Vigilancia
epidemiológica

PMID:

25475656

DOI:

10.1016/j.eimc.2014.09.011
[Indexed for MEDLINE]

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MeSH terms, Substances

MeSH terms

 Adolescent
 Adult
 Antibodies, Viral/blood
 Child
 Contact Tracing
 Disease Outbreaks*
 Female
 Genotype
 Humans
 Immunoglobulin M/blood
 Male
 Mumps/epidemiology*
 Mumps/immunology
 Mumps/prevention & control
 Mumps Vaccine/immunology*
 Mumps virus/genetics
 Mumps virus/immunology
 Mumps virus/isolation & purification
 Population Surveillance
 Retrospective Studies
 Schools
 Spain/epidemiology
 Vaccination/statistics & numerical data
 Vaccine Potency*
 Young Adult

Substances

 Antibodies, Viral
 Immunoglobulin M
 Mumps Vaccine
LinkOut - more resources

Full Text Sources

 Elsevier Science

Medical

 Mumps - Genetic Alliance

 Mumps - MedlinePlus Health Information
Turk J Gastroenterol. 2014 Dec;25 Suppl 1:26-31. doi: 10.5152/tjg.2014.5139.

Evaluation of immunity status to routine vaccination in

pediatric liver transplant candidates.
Dehghani SM1, Shakiba MA, Ziaeyan M, Imanieh MH, Haghighat M, Sedaghat M, Alborzi
A, Malek-Hosseini SA.

Author information
1

Shiraz Transplant Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Islamic
Republic of Iran; Gastroenterohepatology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical
Sciences, Shiraz, Islamic Republic of Iran. dehghanism@sums.ac.ir.

Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS:
Generally, prevention of infections by vaccination is the least invasive and most cost-effective
approach to reduce the incidence of infections and the morbidity and mortality in transplant
recipients. Genetic diversity and different liver disease among patients contributes to variability in
immune responses to vaccines and pathogens. The aim of this study was to evaluate immunity
status to different vaccinated organisms in pediatric liver-transplant candidates.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:

The vaccination charts of 90 patients who were referred to Organ Transplant Center of Shiraz
University of Medical Sciences were reviewed and compare with National Immunization Program
recommendation, after that 10 mL blood was drawn from these patients for serologic studies by
ELISA.

RESULTS:
Eighty percent of the patients had protective antibody titers for poliomyelitis, 65.6% for rubella,
62.3% for diphtheria, 60% for tetanus, 57.7% for pertussis, 55.5% for measles, 42.2% for
hepatitis B and 36.7% for mumps.

CONCLUSION:
Overall seroconversion rates were not satisfactory for many infections that may be due to lower
rate of vaccination or even the underlying liver disease that interfere with optimal
immunogenecity of vaccination. Therefore, vaccination charts should be periodically reviewed
and updated, also repeated measurements of serum antibodies and appropriate revaccination if
titers decline is recommended to prevent the vaccine-preventable disease in liver transplant
candidates after transplant.

PMID:
 25910330

DOI:

10.5152/tjg.2014.5139

MeSH terms, Substances

MeSH terms

 Adolescent
 Antibodies, Bacterial/blood*
 Antibodies, Viral/blood*
 Bordetella pertussis/immunology
 Child
 Child, Preschool
 Chronic Disease
 Clostridium tetani/immunology
 Corynebacterium diphtheriae/immunology
 Diphtheria-Tetanus-Pertussis Vaccine/administration & dosage
 Diphtheria-Tetanus-Pertussis Vaccine/immunology*
 Female
 Hepatitis B Vaccines/administration & dosage
 Hepatitis B Vaccines/immunology*
 Hepatitis B virus/immunology
 Humans
 Immunization Schedule
 Immunocompetence
 Infant
 Liver Diseases/immunology*
 Liver Transplantation
 Male
 Measles virus/immunology
 Measles-Mumps-Rubella Vaccine/administration & dosage
 Measles-Mumps-Rubella Vaccine/immunology*
 Mumps virus/immunology
 Poliovirus/immunology
 Poliovirus Vaccine, Oral/administration & dosage
 Poliovirus Vaccine, Oral/immunology*
 Preoperative Care
 Rubella virus/immunology
 Vaccination

Substances

 Antibodies, Bacterial
 Antibodies, Viral
 Diphtheria-Tetanus-Pertussis Vaccine
 Hepatitis B Vaccines
 Measles-Mumps-Rubella Vaccine
 Poliovirus Vaccine, Oral
LinkOut - more resources

Full Text Sources

 Aves Yayincilik

Medical

 Liver Transplant - Genetic Alliance

 Tetanus, Diphtheria, and Pertussis Vaccines - MedlinePlus Health Information
 Liver Diseases - MedlinePlus Health Information