Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Curso de Seguranca em Redes Linux PDF
Curso de Seguranca em Redes Linux PDF
&8562'(
6(*85$1d$(0
5('(6/,18;
$XWRU5HQDWR0DUWLQL
UPDUWLQL#FLSVJDRUJEU
0DUoRGH
&XUVRGH6HJXUDQoDHP5HGHV
&RPLWHGH,QFHQWLYRD3URGXomR
GR6RIWZDUH*UDWXLWRH$OWHUQDWLYR
&,36*$
$XWRU
5HQDWR0DUWLQL
UPDUWLQL#FLSVJDRUJEU
0DUoRGH
ËQGLFH
1 SEGURANÇA: FUNDAMENTOS ......................................................................................................................................... 4
1.1 Introdução ................................................................................................................................................................ 4
1.2 Segurança: o conceito .............................................................................................................................................. 4
1.3 Segurança e as ferramentas de rede......................................................................................................................... 6
1.4 Nosso objetivo .......................................................................................................................................................... 7
2 0 FIREWALL: DUAS SOLUÇÕES EM AMBIENTE LINUX...................................................................................................... 9
2.1 Uma palavra inicial sobre firewalls ......................................................................................................................... 9
2.2 Firewalls e acesso remoto: o Secure Shell ............................................................................................................. 10
2.3 Firewalls: solução Linux ........................................................................................................................................ 15
2.4 A filtragem de pacotes ............................................................................................................................................ 16
2.5 IPCHAINS (The Enhanced IP Firewalling Chains Software for Linux) ................................................................ 17
2.6 The SINUS Firewall - a TCP/IP packet filter for Linux ......................................................................................... 32
3 MONITORAÇÃO DA REDE ............................................................................................................................................... 56
3.1 Os scanners de rede................................................................................................................................................ 56
3.2 Saint: Security Administrator's Integrated Network Tool....................................................................................... 72
+8/B9= ................................................................................................................................................. 80
+8/B9 +$ ....................................................................................................................................................................... 81
+8/B9 ,$ ....................................................................................................................................................................... 82
+8/B9 -$ ....................................................................................................................................................................... 90
+8/B9 .$ ......................................................................................................................................................................... 96
+8/B9 /$ ......................................................................................................................................................................... 99
,3,6391<+03+ 1/<+6 ..................................................................................................................... 100
1 Segurança: Fundamentos
1.1 Introdução
£\OK]NY=9-VK\Y[_O^_NYS]]YX_W]S]^OWK.9=Y_WO]WYXK]_K
]O[_ XMSK RS]^¥\SMK Y ASXNYa] #b ZY]]_OW \O]^\SÉO] [_O
PKMSVWOX^OL_\VKWY]7K]Y.9=ASXNYa]XÁYPY\KWPOS^Y]ZK\K\ONO9
\OM_\]Y NY XO^aY\USXQ XÁY ¤ OWL_^SNY L_SV^SX SX^\´X]OMY KY
ASXNYa]ZY\S]]YWO]WY^YNY]Y]OWLK\KY][_O]O_]_]_£\SY]ZY]]_OW
KYYZO\K\OWXK3X^O\XO^MYWYZY\ObOWZVYXYPKWY]Y,KMU9\SPSMO
:YNO\´KWY]O][_OWK^SdK\K]]SW$
<ONO'''''''''''''''''''' INTERNET!
6YMKVf0S\OaKVVf
''''''''''''''''''''
8_W ¦XSMY WSM\Y Y_ X_WK \ONO VYMKV NO ZO[_OXY W¤NSY Y_ Q\KXNO
ZY\^O O K]]SW [_KXNY O]^K \ONO O]^£ MYXOM^KNK XK 1\KXNO <ONO K
]OQ_\KXK^OW[_O]O\QO\SNKOVYQY`O\OWY]Y6SX_b^OW^YNK]K]
PO\\KWOX^K]OKNYM_WOX^KÁYXOMO]]£\SK]ZK\KS]]Y
1Y]^K\´KWY] NO \O]_WS\ K[_S KVQ_X] ZYX^Y] NY 6SX_b =OM_\S^c 29A>9
ARK^ K\O cY_ ^\cSXQ ^Y Z\Y^OM^) / Y .O`OVYZSXQ K
]OM_\S^c ZYVSMc O OVO] NO`OW ]O\ VO`KNY] OW MYX]SNO\KÁY KX^O]
WO]WY NO ]O M\SK\ _WK ZYV´^SMK NO ]OQ_\KXK ZK\K K ]_K \ONO +X^O]
NO Z\Y^OQO\ ]O_ ]S]^OWK `YM NO`O ]KLO\ NO [_O ^SZY NO KWOKK ]O
O]^£ ^OX^KXNY Z\Y^OQO\ ]O K^KMKNY Y [_O O]^£ OW TYQY @OTKWY]
OX^ÁY$
*O risco é a possibilidade que um intruso possa ter sucesso ao tentar invadir seus computadores. Um intruso pode, ao
acessar seus arquivos, danificar dados críticos? Não se esqueça, também, que ao possuir uma conta de sua rede, o
intruso pode se passar por você.
*As ameaças serão sempre no sentido de se obter acesso não-autorizado em sua rede ou computador. Há portanto
vários tipos de intrusos e, então, diferentes tipos de ameaça a sua rede.
*Há o curioso: esse tipo de intruso se interessa pelo tipo de dado e sistema você possui.
*Há o malicioso: esse quer em síntese derrubar o seu sistema, destruir dados, destruir os documento publicados no
seu Web server, etc. É o chamado cracker.
*Há o intruso de “alto-nível” (High-Profile): ele quer obter popularidade mostrando suas habilidades ao invadir seu
sistema.
*Há o competidor: esse que conhecer seus dados para obter algum ganho com isso.
*Por fim, “vulnerabilidade” descreve o quão bem protegido é seu computador, e o que se perderá se alguém obter
acesso não-autorizado a algum(ns) computador(res).
Portanto, crie uma política de segurança para sua rede que seja simples e genérica e que todos os usuários
possam prontamente compreender e seguir. Você pode proteger dados tanto quanto respeitar a privacidade dos
usuários
/W]_WKXY]]KSX^OX^Y¤WY]^\K\MYWYT£NS]]OWY]K]PO\\KWOX^K]
XOMO]]£\SK] ZK\K K MYX]^\_ÁY O QO\ XMSK NO _WK ZYV´^SMK NO
]OQ_\KXKOWKWLSOX^O6SX_b>YNY]]ÁY]YP^aK\O] KLO\^Y] O MYLO\^Y]
ZOVK1:61OXO\KV:_LVSM6SMOX]ONK18?K]]SWMYWYKNYM_WOX^KÁY
NS]ZYX´`OV:K\K^KX^YXY]]YMKWSXRYXÁYMYWOK\£NK]OQ_\KXKVYMKV
1
RFC é o acrônimo de Request for Comments, um enorme conjunto de documentos organizados pela INTERNIC reunindo
Y_]OTK_WK\ONOSX^O\XK]OQ_XNYKXYWOXMVK^_\KNY=S^O=OM_\S^c
2KXNLYYU OW NS\OÁY § ]OQ_\KXK Ob^\KXO^ \ONO Ob^O\XK
-YX^\K\SKWOX^O S\OWY] NK ]OQ_\KXK Ob^O\XK ZK]]KXNY YL`SKWOX^O
ZOVK][_O]^ÁYNO]OQ_\KXKXK\ONOSX^\KXO^ZYS]YPS\OaKVV^KWL¤W
YM_ZK]OMYWO]^OZYX^YZK\KK]OQ_\KXKSX^O\XK
informações sobre TCP/IP e outros protocolos, assim como Redes, segurança, correio eletrônico, etc.
0S\OaKVV ¤ _WK ZK\ONO [_O ]OZK\K ]_K SX^\KXO^ NY W_XNY Ob^O\SY\
S]^Y ¤ K SX^O\XO^ 7K] ^KWL¤W _W PS\OaKVV ZYNO ]O\ _]KNY
OPSMSOX^OWOX^OX_WKSX^\KXO^[_OXÁYMROQKK^O\KMO]]Y§SX^O\XO^
:YS] ZYNO PSV^\K\ ZKMY^O] [_O ZK]]KW NO _WK W£[_SXK K Y_^\K X_WK
SX^\KXO^
Definindo:
Um firewall é todo sistema conjunto de hardware e software que
é elaborado para proteger uma intranet de usuários
potencialmente perigosos, visto que não autorizados.
8ÁY RK`O\SK Z\YLVOWK] NO ]OQ_\KXK ]O `YM MYWY [_O S]YVK]]O ]O_]
MYWZ_^KNY\O] Y_ ]_K \ONO NY W_XNY 7K] _WK SX^\KXO^ ¤
P_XNKWOX^KVWOX^O _WK \ONO SX^O\XK [_O _]K ^OMXYVYQSK] AY\VN ASNO
AOL ZK\K ZK\^SVRK\ ^K\OPK] O SXPY\WKÉO] OX^\O NOZK\^KWOX^Y] OY_
VYMKS]\OWY^Y]8ÁYZY]]YSX]^KVK\_W]O\`SNY\+ZKMROX_WKW£[_SXK
O POMRK\ Y KMO]]Y K ]O_] NKNY] OW WO_ PS\OaKVV ^ÁY ZY_MY ZY]]Y
POMRK\YKMO]]YK^YNY]Y]MYWZ_^KNY\O][_OPY\WKWK\ONOW_XNSKV
2
Definiçao retirada de SCO OpenServer© Internet Services (v.5.0.4 may 1997), p. 11.
/]^OO][_OWKWY]^\KKSWZVOWOX^KÁY]SWZVO]NO_WPS\OaKVV$
>YNK`SK NO`O\´KWY] XY^K\ OW XY]]Y O][_OWK [_O XY]]K \ONO ^OW [_O
ZY]]_S\_WRY]^_WLK]^SYXRY]^[_OVSQKNYKY\Y^OKNY\XY]ZÉOOW
MYX^K^YMYWYW_XNY»LK]^KX^OMYX]OX]_KV[_O^KVW£[_SXKNO`O^O\
]O_] ]O\`SY] NO]VSQKNY] Y W´XSWY NO ZY\^K] NO`OW O]^K\ K^S`K]
:K\K^KX^YYKV_XYNO`O]OQ_S\K]Y\SOX^KÉO]L£]SMK]ZK\KNO]VSQK\
]O\`SY] XY ]O_ SXO^N 9 6SX_b NK <ON 2K^ ZY]]_S _WK PO\\KWOX^K NO
]O^_ZOWWYNY^Ob^Y:YNO]O_]£VKMYWY_WKSX^O\PKMO`KVSY]KZK\K
NO]VSQK\]O\`SY]MYWYP^Z^P^Z^OVXO^O^M@YM ZYNOMRKW£VKXY
MYX]YVO K ZK\^S\ NY MYWKXNY ]O^_Z Y_ MRKWK\ NS\O^KWOX^O ZOVY
MYWKXNYXO^]c]`ZYS]KPO\\KWOX^K]O^_Z¤KZOXK]_WKSX^O\PKMOZK\K
NS`O\]Y] Y_^\Y] Z\YQ\KWK] NO MYXPSQ_\KÁY 3Q_KVWOX^O XÁY ]O PKd
XOMO]]£\SYKSX]^KVKÁYNY]S]^OWKQ\£PSMYBP\OO9RY]^\O]ZYX]£`OV
ZOVY PS\OaKVV NO XY]]K \ONO NO`O ]O\ _WK W£[_SXK OXb_^K MYW K
Z\SY\SNKNO¥L`SKNOM_WZ\S\K]P_XÉO]NOPS\OaKVV
+WKSY\ZK\^ONK]NS]^\SL_SÉO]K^_KS]NY6SX_bT£`OWMYWK`O\]ÁY
!NO]^OZ\YQ\KWKK¦V^SWK`O\]ÁY¤KMRKWKNKNO]]R
=O MYX]OQ_S\ Y ]]R K^\K`¤] NO _W ZKMY^O <:7 LK]^K SX]^KV£VY MYW Y
MYWKXNY\ZWS`R/VOSX]^KVK\£Y]]OQ_SX^O]K\[_S`Y]$
$UTXLYRV 'HVFULomR
VVKG 'DHPRQ TXH URGD QD PiTXLQDVHUYLGRU
HVSHUD R SHGLGR GR FOLHQWH VVK DXWHQWLFD D
FRQH[mR H LQLFLD D VHVVmR
<OKVSdKNKKSX]^KVKÁYMYW bS^Y`KWY]QO\KWY]OX^ÁY_WKMRK`O<=+
ZK\KY_]_£\SY\YY^X_WRY]^MRKWKNYKVZRK_]KXNYYMYWKXNYNO]M\S^Y
KMSWK]]RUOcQOX/XMYX^\K\´KWY]ZY\ObOWZVYK]OQ_SX^O]K´NK$
3
A autenticação RSA é baseada numa chave pública de criptografia. Uma chave para criptografar e a outra para
descriptografar. A chave pública é usada para criptografar, e a chave para descriptografar por sua vez é privada, mas
jamais poderemos derivar esta chave de descriptografar da outra.
+]]SW MO\^Y] [_O Y ]]RN O]^£ K^S`Y XY RY]^ KVZRK X_WK Y_^\K
W£[_SXK[_OMRKWKWY]LO^KMK\\OQKWY]YMVSOX^O]]RZK\KMYXOM^K\MYW
YRY]^KVZRK`OTKWY]$
@KWY]OX^OXNO\K]WOX]KQOX]NK^OVK;_KXNYY]O\`SNY\]]RNXYRY]^
KVZRK \OMOLO_ K ]YVSMS^KÁY OVO XY] KN`O\^S_ XÁY ^O\ OXMYX^\KNY K
RY]^ UOc NK VS]^K NO RY]^] MYXROMSNY] KSXNK K]]SW KMOS^KWY]
MYX^SX_K\KMYXObÁYOVOZÉOKW£[_SXKLO^KXKVS]^KOMYX^SX_KMYW
K K_^OX^SMKÁY NOZYS] [_O OVK ¤ ObOM_^KNK MYW bS^Y \OMOLOWY] Y
^O\WSXKV`S\^_KV=O\OKVSdK\WY]YVYQY_^OXY`KWOX^OOX^\K\MYW_W
ZONSNYNO]O]]ÁY]]RYNKOWYXV YK\[_S`Yh]]R\KXNYXI]OONOXY]
ZO\WS^OK]O]]ÁY]OQ_\KOKK_^OX^SMKÁYZKN\ÁYNY]S]^OWK:Y\¤WY
KV_XYNO`OO]MYVRO\OX^\OO]^OW¤^YNYYSWZY\^K\]_KMRK`OZ¦LVSMK
K\WKdOXKNK XY K\[_S`Y SNOX^S^cZ_L ZK\K K W£[_SXK \OWY^K 3]]Y
ZY]]SLSVS^K\£KYZ\YQ\KWK_]K\KK_^OX^SMKÁYLK]OKNKOW<=+-YWY
XY]]K W£[_SXK RKLSVS^KNK ZK\K PS\OaKVV XÁY XY] ZY]]SLSVS^K
^\KX]PO\ XMSKNOK\[_S`YP^Z80=O^M_]K\OWY]Y`OVRYNS][_O^O
_]KXNY _W Z\YQ\KWK NK] PO\\KWOX^K] W^YYV] Y WMYZc -YVY[_O _W
NS][_O^O XK _XSNKNO XK O NSQS^O$ WMYZc h]]RZ_L K$ -YW S]]Y
MYZSK\OWY] ZK\K Y NS\O^¥\SY \OWY^Y h]]R XY]]K MRK`O Z¦LVSMK
K^OXÁY$ ]¥ VO`KWY] XY]]K MRK`O Z¦LVSMK + MRK`O Z\S`KNK XÁY NO`O
]O\ NS`_VQKNK WK] KQY\K MYW _W XY`Y XYWO K ]O\ _^SVSdKNY XK]
MYXObÉO] K ]KLO\ K_^RY\SdONIUOc] >KV K\[_S`Y MY\\O]ZYXNO KY
MYX`OXMSYXKV K\[_S`Y \RY]^]% OVO ZY]]_S _WK MRK`O ZY\ VSXRK
]_ZY\^KXNY ZY\^KX^Y NS`O\]K] MRK`O] Z¦LVSMK] NO NSPO\OX^O] _]_£\SY]
O RY]^] +^OXÁY ZK\K XÁY ^\_XMK\ Y K\[_S`Y ZYS] K] MRK`O] ]ÁY
VYXQK] O NO`OW OX^\K\ X_WK ¦XSMK VSXRK 6YQY NOZYS] NS]]Y Y
_]_£\SYZYNOObOM_^K\YVYQSX]OWKK_^OX^SMKÁYZKN\ÁYWK]KZOXK]
NKXNYYZK]]ZR\K]ONKMRK`O<=+[_O¤]YL\OWKXOS\KWKS]]OQ_\Y
-YWKM\SKÁYNYK_^RY\SdONIUOc][_KXNYKL\S\WY]KXY`K]O]]ÁYMYW
YMVSOX^O]]R`O\OWY]Z\SWOS\KWOX^OOX^ÁY$
>URRW#DOSKD@VVK EHWD
+RVW NH\ QRW IRXQG IURP WKH OLVW RI NQRZQ KRVWV
$UH \RX VXUH \RX ZDQW WR FRQWLQXH FRQQHFWLQJ \HVQR" <HV
+RVW
EHWD
DGGHG WR WKH OLVW RI NQRZQ KRVWV
(QWHU WKH SDVVSKUDVH IRU 56$ NH\
URRW#DOSKDFLSVJDRUJEU
QDGD HFRD
/DVW ORJLQ 6XQ -DQ RQ WW\
<RX KDYH PDLO
>URRW#EHWD URRW@
8_WKZY]^O\SY\MYXObÁYOXMYX^\K\OWY]Y]OQ_SX^OMOX£\SY$
+]]SWYKV_XYOX^\KMYWK]_KZK]]ZR\K]OK]MRK`O]]ÁYMROMKNK]OK
]O]]ÁY]OQ_\KM\SZ^YQ\KPKNK¤ZY]^KOWKÁY
9_^\Y W¤\S^Y SXNS]M_^´`OV NY =OM_\O =ROVV ¤ Y PK^Y NY MVSOX^O ZK\K
KMO]]Y \OWY^Y T£ O]^K\ ZY\^KNY ZK\K NS`O\]K] ZVK^KPY\WK] ?83B
9=ASXO^MY[_O¤LK]^KX^OSWZY\^KX^O[_KXNY^OWY]\ONO]
R´L\SNK]@S]S^OY]S^OP^Z$P^ZM]R_^PSZ_L]]RZK\K_WK`S]ÁY
NO `O\]ÉO] NS]ZYX´`OS] :YNOWY] ]_QO\S\ KY KV_XY ZO][_S]K\ K]
]OQ_SX^O]`O\]ÉO]XÁYMYWO\MSKS]ZK\KASXO9=\O]ZOM^S`KWOX^O$
8O]^K^OVK`O\OWY]_WMVSOX^OMYWZSVKNYO\YNKXNYX_WKW£[_SXK?83B
=-9 9ZOX=O\`O\ ` R^^Z$aaa]MYMYW O KL\SXNY _WK MYXObÁY
]]RMYWMROMKQOWNKMRK`O<=+X_WRY]^6SX_b$
8ÁYNS]M_^S\OWY]K[_SKSWZVOWOX^KÁYP´]SMKNO_WPS\OaKVV8Y]]Y¤
YLTO^S`Y¤WY]^\K\K]PO\\KWOX^K]NS]ZYX´`OS]XY6SX_b9KV_XY^OW
[_O^O\OWWOX^O^KWL¤W[_OXÁYObS]^O_WK]YV_ÁY¦XSMKOW^O\WY]
NO PS\OaKVV @YM ^OW [_O MYXROMO\ K] PO\\KWOX^K] O OX^ÁY KNKZ^£
VK]§]XOMO]]SNKNO]O]ZOM´PSMK]NO]_K\ONOWYX^K\]_KZYV´^SMKNO
]OQ_\KXK O KNKZ^£VK K _W PS\OaKVV @YM ^O\£ _WK SX^\YN_ÁY O
NOZYS] ^O\£ [_O ZO][_S]K\ ]_K] NOWKXNK] O]ZOM´PSMK] =ÁY ^KX^Y] Y]
MOX£\SY] ZY]]´`OS] [_O Y ^OWK ^Y\XK]O SXO]QY^£`OV$ _WK ZO[_OXK
\ONO NYW¤]^SMY Y_ _W ZO[_OXY O]M\S^¥\SY [_O ]O MYXOM^K K 3X^O\XO^
`SK ZZZ% _WK \ONO MYW _W \Y^OKNY\ MYXOM^KNY K 3X^O\XO^% _WK \ONO
W¤NSK MYW NYS] PS\OaKVV] O^M O^M .K\OWY] K[_S Y] MYXMOS^Y]
Z\SXMSZKS]NK]PO\\KWOX^K]]O_]MYWKXNY]YZÉO]O_^SVSdKÁY
?W PS\OaKVV ¤ SWZVOWOX^KNY XY 6SX_b OW X´`OV NO UO\XOV ZY\ S]]Y
^YNY Y ^Ob^Y ]YL\O Y ^OWK MYWOK MYW K] YZÉO] ZK\K \OMYWZSVK\ Y
UO\XOV=OWN¦`SNKZK\K^O\WY]_WPS\OaKVVXY6SX_bXOMO]]S^KWY]NO
]_KRKLSVS^KÁYXYUO\XOV7K]S]]YXÁY]OPKdXOMO]]£\SYZYS]Y<ON
2K^ b T£ `OW MYW Y UO\XOV ZK\K PS\OaKVVSXQ ^KX^Y [_KX^Y Y =_=/
b ZY\ ObOWZVY Y 9ZOX6SX_b NK -KVNO\K ` ZY\ ]O\ WKS]
`YV^KNYZK\K_W]S]^OWKNO]U^YZXÁYZY]]_S_WUO\XOVMYWZSVKNYZK\K
PS\OaKVV +SXNK K]]SW ]O NO]OTK\ MROMK\ ]O ]_K] W£[_SXK] O]^ÁY
RKLSVS^KNK] ZK\K PS\OaKVV NSQS^O$ V] Z\YMXO^SZIPaMRKSX] ]O
^KV K\[_S`Y O]^S`O\ K´ YU ^OWY] PS\OaKVV +ZOXK] MYWY SXPY\WKÁY
VS]^KWY] KLKSbY K] YZÉO] K ]O\OW RKLSVS^KNK] O NO]KLSVS^KNK] X_W
UO\XOV\OMYWZSVKNYZK\KPS\OaKVV$
Em 'general setup':
1. turn networking support => ATIVO
Em 'networking options':
1. turn network firewalls => ATIVO
4
O Linux IPCHAINS-HOWTO por exemplo apresenta 4 diferentes cenários possíveis.
KOXNO\OYNOY\SQOW
LOXNO\OYNONO]^SXY
:Y\MYX]OQ_SX^O_WPSV^\YNOZKMY^O]ZY]]_SKRKLSVSNKNONOYVR£
VY] [_KXNY OVO] ZK]]KW O K]]SW NOMSNS\ Y ]O_ NO]^SXY :YNOXNY
O]MYVRO\ ZY\ XOQK\ NOXc _W ZKMY^O NO]MK\^KXNYY ^Y^KVWOX^O
KMOS^K\KMMOZ^YZKMY^ONOSbKXNYYZK]]K\Y_ ZY\ PSW\OTOS^K\
\OTOM^ Y ZKMY^O ZY\¤W \O^Y\XKXNY _WK WOX]KQOW KY OXNO\OY NO
Y\SQOW /S] K´ ^\ ] MYXMOS^Y] P_XNKWOX^KS] OW [_KV[_O\ ]YP^aK\O NO
PS\OaKVV
5
Uma questão terminológica: o aluno não deve confundir ipchains com o antigo ipfwadm: o primeiro está em
distribuições com o kernel 2.2.x e o último no kernel 2.0.x; os parâmetros são essencialmente diferentes, portanto não
servem os scripts feitos para o ipfwadm.
@OTKWY]KVQ_X]MKWSXRY]MYWY3ZMRKSX]OWKÁY»M_\SY]YXY^K\[_O
^YNK Z_LVSMKÁY OX]SXKXNY _WK VSXQ_KQOW NO Z\YQ\KWKÁY OW QO\KV
MYWOMO WY]^\KXNY MYWY QO\K\ XO]^K VSXQ_KQOW _WK P\K]O NY ^SZY
v2OVVY AY\VNv 8Y MK]Y NK] \OQ\K] NY PS\OaKVV MYWOKWY]
WY]^\KXNY MYWY SWZONS\ Y ZSXQ ZK\K K SX^O\PKMO NO VYYZLKMU VY
^O\´KWY]Y]OQ_SX^O$
/V_MSNKXNYY]ZK\WO^\Y_]KNY]$
+SXZ_^ÂKM\O]MOX^KWY]_WK\OQ\KZK\KKOX^\KNK
]ÂOS]YOXNO\OYNOY\SQOX]NY]ZKMY^O]
ZÂYZ\Y^YMYVY_]KNY3-7:
T./8CÂY[_OPK\OWY]MYWYZKMY^OT_WZ^Y$K[_SXOQKWY]
+QY\K]OObOM_^KWY]_WZSXQZK\KYOXNO\OYNOVYYZLKMUS\OWY]`O\
K ^\KNSMSYXKV WOX]KQOW NO v ZKMUO^ VY]]v + \OQ\K [_O
O]^KLOVOMOWY]NSd[_ONO`O]OXOQK\^YNY]ZKMY^O] 3-7: [_O MROQK\OW
NYOXNO\OY!YZK\WO^\Y./8C¤MRKWKNY^OMXSMKWOX^ONO
KV`Y (target).
@OTKWY] Y_^\Y ObOWZVY KQY\K X_WK SX^O\PKMO NO \ONO /W XY]]Y
MOX£\SY NO]OTKWY] POMRK\ K] ZY\^K] O NY XY]]Y RY]^ KVZRK
# "ZK\KLO^K# "%OW]_WK$LO^KXÁYZYNO\£_]K\
^KS] ]O\`SY] NK W£[_SXK KVZRK /]^K] ]ÁY K] ZY\^K] ZKN\ÁY ZK\K
>OVXO^ O 0>: XY Z\Y^YMYVY >-: =OQ_XNY K V¥QSMK NK ]_S^O NO
Z\Y^YMYVY] >-:3: XOMO]]S^KWY] KV¤W NY OXNO\OY 3: NO _W Y_^\Y
X´`OVNOK^\SL_SÁYNOOXNO\OY][_O¤MRKWKNYZY\^KNOK
¤ OVK [_O NS\OMSYXK Y] NKNY] [_O MROQKW ZOVY OXNO\OY 3: ZK\K _W
NO^O\WSXKNY ]O\`SY .O PY\WK [_O ZYNO]O WKX^O\ _W X¦WO\Y NO
MYXObÉO] ]SW_V^XOK] O KY WO]WY ^OWZY ]OZK\KNK] +] ZY\^K] ]ÁY
]OZK\KNK] OW NYS] Q\_ZY] NS]^SX^Y]$ NO K ]ÁY K] ZY\^K]
Z\S`SVOQSKNK] ]ÁY _]KNK] ZY\ NKOWYX] MYXPS£`OS] O MYW Z\S`SV¤QSY]
NO \YY^ +] \O]^KX^O] NO K^¤ ]ÁY MRKWKNK] NO XÁY
Z\S`SVOQSKNK] O ]ÁY _]KNK] VS`\OWOX^O :Y\ S]]Y KY WYX^K\ _W
PS\OaKVV ^YNK K K^OXÁY MYW Y] WY`SWOX^Y] NO ZY\^K] XÁY
Z\S`SVOQSKNK] +LKSbY O]^£ _WK VS]^K \O]_WSNK MYW Y] Z\SXMSZKS]
]O\`SY]]O_]ZY\^K]ZKN\ÁYOYZ\Y^YMYVYMY\\O]ZYXNOX^O$
=OO]^S`O\MYXP_]Y]YL\O[_KVYX¦WO\Y[_OMY\\O]ZYXNOK^KVY_[_KV
]O\`SY O ^KWL¤W NO]OTK\ _WK VS]^KQOW WKS] MYWZVO^K MYX]_V^O Y
K\[_S`YvO^M]O\`SMO]v ¤ OVO [_O K\WKdOXK K MY\\O]ZYXN XMSK OX^\O
Y XYWO NY ]O\`SY >OVXO^ O Y X¦WO\Y NK ZY\^K O ^KWL¤W Y
Z\Y^YMYVY[_O¤_]KNY>-:
9L]O\`OOX^ÁYXY]]YObOWZVY$
-YWO]]K]\OQ\K]XOQKWY]./8CKOX^\KNKNOZKMY^O]NYOXNO\OYNO
Y\SQOW ]Y_\MO KNN\O]] v]v # " ZK\K Y OXNO\OY NO
NO]^SXY vNv # " XK] ZY\^K] O XY Z\Y^YMYVY >-:
9U]OWWOX]KQOX]NOO\\YXY]]K]\OQ\K]PY\KWKMOS^K]>OX^OKQY\K
6
Pode-se consultar também o RFC 177 para uma lista completa das portas.
KL\S\ _WK ]O]]ÁY >OVXO^ Y_ 0>: NK W£[_SXK LO^K K ^OX^K^S`K
YL`SKWOX^O ]O\£ ]OW ]_MO]]Y K ZY\^K O]^£ POMRKNK ZK\K O]^K
W£[_SXK + PVKQ 4 O]ZOM´PSMK _W KV`Y K[_S _]KWY] ./8C% Y] Y_^\Y]
KV`Y]WKS]SWZY\^KX^O]]ÁY+--/:></4/->O7+=;9]NYS]Z\SWOS\Y]
T£WOXMSYXKWY]KX^O\SY\WOX^O_WKMOS^KKOX^\KNKOY\OTOS^KZY\¤W
\O]ZYXNOXNYKYOXNO\OYNOY\SQOWT£YKV`Y7+=;]¥¤_]KNY[_KXNY
_]KWY] Y MRKSX PY\aK\N vSZMRKSX] + PY\aK\Nv NOSbK Y ZKMY^O
ZK]]K\ZY\¤W_]KXNYK^¤MXSMKNYWK]MK\KWOX^Y
0OS^Y S]]Y `KWY] OX^\K\ Y_^\K YZÁY NY 3ZMRKSX]$ `KWY] ZONS\ _WK
VS]^KPVKQ6NOXY]]K]\OQ\K]$
=OQ_OWOWMYV_XK]K]MK\KM^O\´]^SMK][_OO]MYVROWY]@OTKWY]$
@KWY]YL]O\`K\KQY\KMYWYZYNOWY]ObMV_S\K]\OQ\K][_OM\SKWY]2£
Z\SWOS\KWOX^O _WK ]YV_ÁY NSQKWY] \KNSMKV :YNOWY] ]SWZVO]WOX^O
KZVSMK\ Y ZK\WO^\Y vPV_]Rv S]^Y ¤ VSWZKWY] ^Y^KVWOX^O K] N_K]
\OQ\K]O]^KLOVOMSNK]$
.OZYS]NYPV_]R`SWY]KXY]]KVS]^KOOVKO]^£`KdSK
/X^\O^KX^Y S]]Y XÁY ]O\SK _WK ]YV_ÁY ]O NO]OTK\WY] KZ\Y`OS^K\
Y_^\K]\OQ\K]O]^KLOVOMSNK]8YXY]]YObOWZVY^OWY] N_K] \OQ\K] +
Z\SWOS\KPOMRKKZY\^K>OVXO^OT£K]OQ_XNKPOMRKKZY\^K
0>::YNOWY]NO\\_LK\KZOXK]KZ\SWOS\K\OQ\K$
/NOZYS]ZK\KXY]MO\^SPSMK\WY]NSQS^KWY]$
=¥XY]\O]^KOX^ÁY_WK\OQ\KKNKZY\^KNO0>:»SWZY\^KX^OK[_SY
KV_XY ZO\MOLO\ K PVKQ SXZ_^ ZYS] ¤ OVK [_O NOPSXO [_O [_O\OWY]
OVSWSXK\ K \OQ\K NY] PS\OaKVV MRKSX] NO OX^\KNK O XÁY NO ]K´NK
Y_^Z_^O^M
;_O\OWY] OX^ÁY VSLO\K\ K] MYXObÉO] NO 0>: NK W£[_SXK # ")
=SWZVO]$vSZMRKSX].Y_^Z_^v
-YW O]]O MOX£\SY KMSWK ]O _]K\WY] _WK PO\\KWOX^K NO `K\\ON_\K NO
ZY\^K]^O\OWY]_W[_KN\YSX^O\O]]KX^O:YNOWY]_]K\YXWKZ8O^aY\U
/bZVY\K^SYX >YYV KXN =OM_\S^c =MKXXO\ O]M\S^Y ZY\ 0cYNY\ `O\]ÁY
LO^K aaaSX]OM_\OY\QXWKZ OVO XY] WY]^\K K] ZY\^K]
KLO\^K] OY_ PSV^\KNK] O WO]WY ]O XY]]K MYXObÁY PYS ^Y^KVWOX^O
NO\\_LKNK 8O]^K ^OVK OVO XY] WY]^\K Y] ]YMUO^] [_O Y 3ZMRKSX]
PSV^\Y_OY][_ONOSbKWY]KLO\^Y]$
+QY\K [_O OX^\KWY] MYW K \OQ\K ZK\K NO\\_LK\ K] MYXObÉO] >-: Y
]YP^aK\OXY]\OVK^K$
+VSXRKNOPVKQ]NY3ZMRKSX]¤LK]^KX^OWKVO£`OVOKZOXK]MYWO_]Y
OYNOL_QMYX]^KX^ONK]\OQ\K][_OYKNWSXS]^\KNY\SWZVOWOX^K¤[_O
]OZYNONYWSX£VK]:OVYWOXY]K^¤YUO\XOV
<OVOWL\KXNYKVQ_WK]PVKQ]`SWY][_OZYNOWY]_]K\XYZK\WO^\Y]Y_
N ^KX^Y Y 0;.8 Y_ Y OXNO\OY 3: ObZ\O]]Y X_WO\SMKWOX^O 8K
O]ZOMSPSMKÁYNK]ZY\^K]ZYNOWY]_]K\YX¦WO\YY_YXYWONY]O\`SY$
^OVXO^Y_]]RY_O^M:YNOWY]SQ_KVWOX^OO]ZOMSPSMK\PKSbK]
\KXQ] NO ZY\^K]$ vN # " $v Y_ ]OTK WKXOTKWY] K[_S
^YNK] K] ZY\^K] NO K^¤ SXMV_]S`O :YNOWY] O]M\O`O\ v]
# " $v Y_ v] QKWKMSZ]QKY\QL\ ]]Rv 9 WO]WY ]O ZK]]K
MYW Y] OXNO\OY] 3: [_O ZYNOWY] WKXOTK\ ZYNOWY] _]K\ PKSbK]
9_^\Y\OM_\]YP_XNKWOX^KV¤YNKSX`O\]ÁY;_KXNY_]KWY]KPVKQvv
/VK^OWY]OX^SNYXOQK^S`Y%[_KXNYY_]KWY]NO`OWY]VO\WOX^KVWOX^O$
v^YNY b WOXY] cv +]]SW$ vZ ^MZ ] # " aaav ]SQXSPSMK$
^YNK]K]ZY\^K]>-:WOXY]K"AAA
/bOWZVY.SQS^KWY]XYMYX]YVONKW£[_SXKKVZRK$
-YW S]]Y POMRKWY] ^YNK] K] ZY\^K] >-: WK] NOSbKWY] K ZK\K Y
=OM_\O=ROVVYZO\K\=O^OX^KWY]_W>OVXO^XY]]KMYXObÁYYL`SKWOX^O
PKVRK\£7K]Y]]RZYNOO]^KLOVOMO\]_K]O]]ÁY\OWY^K]OWZ\YLVOWK]
?WKVS]^KQOWXKW£[_SXKXY]WY]^\K$
7
Consulte a documentação sobre o tema, principalmente sobre o comando ifconfig, que configura e lista as interfaces
existentes num host.
8ÁY R£ NKNY] XY`Y] XO]]K ^OVK NY 6SX_bMYXP + ¦XSMK MYS]K [_O XÁY
^YMKWY] KSXNK PYS K OX^\KNK ZK\K K XO^WK]U W£]MK\K NO \ONO [_O ¤
O]ZOMSPSMKNK KY VKNY NY OXNO\OY 3: +^OX^K ZK\K Y] KV`Y] KMOS^K\
\OTOS^K\ O LVY[_OK\ Y ./8C >\KN_dSXNY Y] MKWZY] NK TKXOVK
^O\´KWY]$ vSZMRKSX] + Y_^Z_^ ] # " ]
# "Z_NZSO^RT\OTOM^v/X^ÁYWK\MKWY]
Y[_KN\KNSXRYvK^S`YvOKMOS^KWY]K\OQ\K :K\K NO]K^S`£VK _]KWY]
KWO]WKSX^O\PKMO
9_^\K YZÁY ZK\K Q\K`K\ K] \OQ\K] [_O M\SKWY] ]ÁY Y] ]M\SZ^] NO
SXSMSKVSdKÁY^\KNSMSYXKVWOX^OQ_K\NKNY]XYNS\O^¥\SY\MN>O]^K]O
ObK_]^S`KWOX^O K] \OQ\K] ObOM_^K]O Y NOL_Q O OX^ÁY M\SKWY] _W
]M\SZ^ [_O MK\\OQK K] \OQ\K] NO PS\OaKVV XK ZK\^SNK NY 6SX_b
MYX]_V^O]OKNYM_WOX^KÁYObS]^OX^OZK\KYZO\K\^KS]KV^O\KÉO]OW
]O_ ]S]^OWK 2£ NYS] ]M\SZ^] [_O KT_NKW W_S^Y Y =c]KNWSX K WYX^K\
]O_PS\OaKVV$YSZMRKSX]]K`OOYSZMRKSX]\O]^Y\O9Z\SWOS\YQ\K`K
X_W K\[_S`Y `SK \ONS\OMSYXKWOX^Y K] \OQ\K] [_O `YM M\SY_$ ZY\
ObOWZVY vSZMRKSX]]K`O ( hPS\OaKVV^O]^KNYv O`SNOX^OWOX^O `YM
ZYNO _]K\ Y XYWO [_O NO]OTK\ 4£ Y SZMRKSX]\O]^Y\O \O]^K_\K K]
\OQ\K] Q\K`KNK] ZOVY SZMRKSX]]K`O$ vSZMRKSX]\O]^Y\O & hPS\OaKVV
^O]^KNYv :K\K ObOM_^£VY] ¤ XOMO]]£\SY Y] Z\S`SV¤QSY] NO _]_£\SY
\YY^9_^\Y\OM_\]YW_S^Y¦^SV¤KMKZKMSNKNONY3ZMRKSX]NOKQ\_ZK\
`£\SK] \OQ\K] X_W MRKSX -YWY `SWY] Y Z\YQ\KWK ^OW ^\ ] MRKSX]
L£]SMY] MRKWKNY] L_SV^SX MRKSX] O]^ÁY OWL_^SNY] XY Z\YQ\KWK ]O
K]]SWZYNOWY]^\KN_dS\+PVKQ_]KNK¤v8v.SQS^KWY]$
+]]SWKQ\_ZKWY]]YLYXYWOvXKY_NZv_WMYXT_X^YNO\OQ\K]:YNOWY]
MYWYSZMRKSX]]K`OMYWY`SWY]Q\K`£VK]OOXPSW\O]^K_\£VK]
INTRANET
@OTKWY]K]MYXPSQ_\KÉO]$
No Firewall...
Desligamos os serviços desnecessários, deixando o SSH para conexão remota com
o servidor somente. E vamos proteger nossa intranet...
No Servidor...
Como nosso servidor irá ter serviços da Internet públicos precisamos liberá-
los...
?WKZKVK`\K]YL\OY^¥ZSMYNOWK]MK\KWOX^YNO3:]3:WK][_O\KNSXQ
+Y MYXPSQ_\K\WY] Y 3ZMRKSX] ZK\K _]K\ Y KV`Y 7+=; MYW K PVKQ vT
7+=;v ZY]]SLSVS^KWY] [_O _W Y_ WKS] OXNO\OY] 3:] PKV]Y] Y_
Z\S`K^S`Y]ZY]]KW]O\_]KNY]XKOb^\KXO^8YXY]]YObOWZVY^YNY]Y]
OXNO\OY] NO XY]]K SX^\KXO^ KZK\OMOW _]KXNY Y 3: NY ]O\`SNY\
:K\K ^KX^Y XÁY ]O O][_OK NO MYXPSQ_\K\ Y K\[_S`Y
O^M]c]MYXPSQ KNSMSYXKXNY vPY\aK\NISZ` ' cO]v =O `YM XÁY ONS^K\
YK\[_S`Y^O\£[_OKMSYXK\Y3:PY\aK\NSXQWKX_KVWOX^O/bOWZVY]O
^OX^K\ OPO^S`K\ Y 3: MRKSX] PY\aK\N ]OW K VSXRK KM\O]MSNK ^O\OS Y
]OQ_SX^OOWWSXRK^OVK$
>URRW#DOSKD @
Basta seguir a orientação (observe a seta). Este comando irá ativar o IP forwarding. E, então, os
ZKMY^O] ZYNO\ÁY ZK]]K\ K^\K`¤] NY RY]^ KVZRK ZK\K Y NO]^SXY
NO]OTKNY/]^K]^¤MXSMK]^Y\XKW]OZYNO\Y]K][_KXNYO]^KLOVOMSNK]OW
MYXT_X^YMYWK]\Y^K]NO\ONOQK^OaKc]O^M:Y\¤W]ÁY^¥ZSMY][_O
PYQOWNYO]MYZYNO]^ONYM_WOX^Y
+LKSbY_WKVS]^KNK]YZÉO]NY]YP^aK\O3ZMRKSX]:K\K_WKVS]^KQOW
MYWZVO^K_]OYv3:-RKSX];_SMU<OPO\OXMOvNO=,\YX]YXPOS^YOW
:Y]^=M\SZ^ O [_O ZYNO ]O\ ^\KdSNY NK Z£QSXK AOL YPSMSKV OW
R^^Z$aaaKNOVKSNOXO^K_h\_]^MY\ZVSX_bSZMRKSX]
GHOHWHFKDLQ
; FKDLQ ([FOXL XP
XVHUGHILQHG FKDLQ
http://www.ifi.unizh.ch/ikm/SINUS/firewall.html
ftp://ftp.ifi.unizh.ch/pub/security/firewall
9] NO]OX`YV`ONY\O] KN`O\^OW NY O]^KNY NO NO]OX`YV`SWOX^Y NY
]YP^aK\O :Y\^KX^Y OVO XÁY ]O\ _]KNY KSXNK ZK\K K ]OQ_\KXK NO
\ONO] MYW NKNY] M\´^SMY] +N`O\^OW KSXNK$ _]OY ZK\K KZ\OXNSdKNY O
]O`YM XÁY^OWXOXR_WPS\OaKVVY_XÁYMYXPSKXY[_O^OW
1
Há uma versão estável para versões de kernel mais antigos.
9]K]ZOM^Y]ZY]S^S`Y]NYZ\YQ\KWKO]^ÁYXY]O_WYNYNOK^_KÁY/VO
^\KLKVRK MYW _W K\[_S`Y NO MYXPSQ_\KÁY
vO^MPS\OaKVVNPS\OaKVVMYXPv%KYMK\\OQK\OVOV K]MYXPSQ_\KÉO]
K´O]^YMKNK]2£KSXNKMYWYZKMY^O ]SPS^K\Qd _W ]O\`SNY\
Y ]YP^aK\O ZK\K PS\OaKVV Z\YZ\SKWOX^O NS^Y O _W MVSOX^O O]M\S^Y
8
Há uma versão estável para versões de kernel mais antigos.
-YWY XÁY R£ ZKMY^O] <:7 XOW LSX£\SY] >+<1D3: MYW =38?= ^O\OWY]
[_O ZK]]K\ Y] ZK]]Y] NO MYWZSVKÁY NY ]YP^aK\O 7O]WY ZY\[_O R£
NO^KVRO][_OXÁYZYNOW]O\XOQVSQOXMSKNY]ZOVYKV_XY
4£`SWY][_O_WPS\OaKVVXY6SX_b¤SWZVOWOX^KNYOWX´`OVNOUO\XOV
9 K\[_S`Y v</+.7/v NY =38?= KN`O\^O Y _]_£\SY NK XOMO]]SNKNO NO
\OMYWZSVKÁY NY UO\XOV >KWL¤W T£ WOXMSYXKWY] [_O `£\SK]
NS]^\SL_SÉO] 6SX_b T£ `OW MYW Y UO\XOV Z\YX^Y] ZK\K PS\OaKVVSXQ
:Y\MYX]OQ_SX^OMO\^Y]NS]]YXÁY]OPKdXOMO]]£\SY\OMYWZSVK\^YNY
Y UO\XOV 8Y OX^KX^Y ZK\K K MYWZSVKÁY NY =38?= Z\OMS]KWY] NO
]YWOX^O _W K\[_S`Y NK] PYX^O] NY UO\XOV ?W YLTOM^ PSVO _]KNY XY
vVSXUv ZK\K QO\K\ Y ObOM_^£`OV NY Z\YQ\KWK ]OW OVO K MYWZSVKÁY
PKVRK\£7K]^OWY]_WKNSMKZK\K\O]YV`O\YZ\YLVOWK%
9
Se você optar por recompilar o kernel, não execute o 'make clean' no fim do processo! Pois sabidamente ele apagará
todos os arquivos *.o gerados...
]P -YX^\YV :KXOV =O NO]OTK\ ONS^O Y] ZK^R] XY NS\O^¥\SY
vMVSOX^7KUOPSVOSXv ZK\K KT_]^K\ Y MKWSXRY ZK\K K] MVK]]O] 4K`K
2£ _WK `O\]ÁY XÁYYPSMSKV T£ MYWZSVKNK XK Z£QSXK
R^^Z$aaa]SX_]PS\OaKVVY\Q NY MVSOX^O NY -YX^\YV :KXOV ZYNO ]O\
_WK LYK YZÁY ]O `YM ^S`O\ Z\YLVOWK] MYW Y 4.5 MYW K] MVK]]O]
=A381Y_WO]WY]OXÁYNO]OTK\MYWZSVK\OWKWLSOX^O4K`K
/bOM_^OOX^ÁYXYNS\O^¥\SYKYXNO`YM SX]^KVY_K]PYX^O]$
MYXPSQ_\O
WKUOevWKUOMVSOX^v]YWOX^OQO\K\£Y]P-YX^\YV:KXOV
evWKUO]O\`O\v]YWOX^OQO\K\£Y]O\`SNY\
+X^O] NY WKUO SX]^KVV `YM NO`O M\SK\ _W XY`Y v_]_£\SYv MRKWKNY
PS\OaKVV KNSMSYXKXNY K ]OQ_SX^O VSXRK OW ]O_ K\[_S`Y vO^MZK]]aNv
_]O_W_]O\SNOQ\Y_ZSNNO]YM_ZKNY]$
firewall:x:888:888::/dev/null:/bin/false
+Z¥] M\SO _W XY`Y Q\_ZY ^KWL¤W MRKWKNY PS\OaKVV KNSMSYXKXNY O]^K]
VSXRK] XY ]O_ K\[_S`Y vO^MQ\Y_Zv XÁY ]O O][_OK NO OPO^_K\ _W
LKMU_ZXY]K\[_S`Y]KV^O\KNY]$
firewall:x:888:
0OS^YS]]YKSX]^KVKÁYZYNO]OQ_S\
WKUOSX]^KVVeZYNO]O\vWKUO]O\`O\ISX]^KVVv
9?vWKUOMVSOX^ISX]^KVVv
_]\VYMKV]LSX]PMKMMY_X^
_]\VYMKV]LSX]PMÖYNKOWYX
O^MPS\OaKVVNe\O]O\`KNYZK\KY]K\[_S`Y]PS\OaKVVMYXP
OPS\OaKVVZK]]aN
VSLWYN_VO]WS]M]PYÖ_WWYN_VYSX]^KV£`OV
10
Consulte a documentação diponível a respeito dos módulos instaláveis no Linux, ou mesmo as páginas manuais ('man
lsmod', 'man insmod', 'man rmmod').
WOX]KQOWOMYKNKXY]YMUO^]OM_\S^cXÁY]OZ\OYM_ZOOVKKZK\OMO
[_KXNYY=38?=¤MYWZSVKNY]OWYZ\YQ\KWK/8]USZ/VOZY]]SLSVS^KK
MYXObÁY M\SZ^YQ\KPKNK OX^\O PS\OaKVV] 7K] MYWY ^OWY] Y ==2 ZK\K
O]]O SX^OX^Y ZYNOWY] KL\S\ NO ^KV ]_ZY\^O 2£ ^KWL¤W ]¤\SY]
Z\YLVOWK] NO MYWZSVKÁY NY /X]USZ
P^Z$P^Z^SUOOO^RdMRZ_LZKMUKQO]]USZXY6SX_b
:K\KNO]VSQK\Y=38?=\OWY`KYWYN_VYNKWOW¥\SKv\WWYN]PYvO
ZK\OYNKOWYXMYWYMYWKXNYv_]\VYMKV]LSX]PM]^YZv
;_KXNYNYNOL_QNOXY]]KMYXPSQ_\KÁYO]^S`O\Z\YX^YOO]^S`O\WY]
]K^S]POS^Y] MYW K WYX^KQOW NK] \OQ\K] NY PS\OaKVV ZYNOWY] _]K\ _W
]M\SZ^ZK\KSXSMSK\YXY]]YNKOWYXv]PMv+LKSbYO]^£_WObOWZVYNO
_W ]M\SZ^ [_O _]KWY] OW XY]]K \ONO ZYNO]O KNKZ^£VY §] WKS]
NS`O\]K]]S^_KÉO]$
6FULSW SDUD LQLFLDU GDHPRQ GR 6,186 )LUHZDOO
H LQVWDODU PRGXOR
VIR
-DQHLUR GH
8VDGR QXP 6LVWHPD /LQX[ 5HG +DW NHUQHO
-=--=- -=--=--=--=--=--=--=--= --=-
HWFUFGLQLWGIXQFWLRQV ,QLFLD DTXL R VFULSW
IXQFWLRQV
FDVH LQ
VWDUW
JSULQWI 6WDUWLQJ V VI )LUHZDOO
LI WHVW U YDUUXQVIFSLG NLOO CFDW YDUUXQVIFSLGC
WKHQ
JSULQWI V H[LVWV V DOUHDG\ UXQQLQJ?Q ?
YDUUXQVIFSLG VIF
HOVH VELQLQVPRG OLEPRGXOHVPLVFVIR XVUORFDOVELQVIF VWDUW
HFKR VIF
IL
WRXFK YDUORFNVXEV\VVIF
VWRS
JSULQWI 6WRSSLQJ V VI )LUHZDOO
XVUORFDOVELQVIF VWRS
JSULQWI 5HPRYLQJ 6,186 PRGXOH
VELQUPPRG VI
UP I YDUUXQVIFSLG
UP I YDUORFNVXEV\VVIF
HFKR VIF
UHVWDUW
VWRS
VWDUW
VWDWXV
VWDWXV VIF
XVUORFDOVELQVIF VKRZ
JSULQWI 8VDJH V ^VWDUW_VWRS_VWDWXV_UHVWDUW`?Q VIF
H[LW
HVDF
H[LW
@KWY]KQY\KKXKVS]K\KMYX]^\_ÁYNOXY]]K]\OQ\K]NOPS\OaKVV[_O
PSMK\KW MYX^SNK] XY PS\OaKVVMYXP 9] K_^Y\O] MYVYMKW XY NS\O^¥\SY
v]KWZVO]v[_K^\YK\[_S`Y]NOMYXPSQ_\KÁY§^´^_VYNOObOWZVYZK\K
[_OYKNWSXS]^\KNY\O]^_NOY]$
¬ CheswickBellovin.conf
¬ MediumEnterprise.conf
¬ SimpleSample.conf
¬ SmallBusiness.conf
-YX]_V^OY] NOZYS] NO NYWSXK\ K] ^¤MXSMK] NO PS\OaKVVSXQ 9] XYWO]
NY]K\[_S`Y]T£NOWYX]^\KWY]O_SX^OX^Y=YWOX^OYZ\SWOS\Y^KV`Od
XÁY Y ]OTK ;_OW XÁY O]^£ PKWSVSK\SdKNY MYW K LSLVSYQ\KPSK ]YL\O
]OQ_\KXK ZYNO XÁY MYXROM VY]$ A < -RO]aSMU O = 7 ,OVVY`SX
]ÁY K_^Y\O] NO _W MV£]]SMY ]YL\O Y ^OWK MRKWKNY 0S\OaKVV] KXN
3X^O\XO^ =OM_\S^c$ <OZOVVSXQ ^RO ASVc 2KMUO\ 9 Z\SWOS\Y K\[_S`Y]
^OX^KKZVSMK\Y]Z\OMOS^Y]NO]M\S^Y]XO]^OVS`\Y
LQWHUQDOQHWV
PDLOBGHIDXOW URRW#ORFDOKRVW
UXOHV
EORFN WFS WR SRUW
OLQN
SRUW
VXSGXS
QRWLILFDWLRQBOHYHO
EORFN RSWLRQV ORRVHBVRXUFHBURXWH VWULFWBVRXUFHBURXWH DOO
QRWLILFDWLRQBOHYHO
GHWHFWD URWDV VHFXQGiULDV SDUD D ,QWHUQHW
EORFN ULS IURP LQVLGH QRWLILFDWLRQBOHYHO
3HUPLWH D HQWUDGD GH UHTXLVLo}HV )73 SDUD QRVVR VHUYLGRU )73
DFFHSW WFS WR SRUW QRWLILFDWLRQBOHYHO
DFFHSW WFS WR SRUW QRWLILFDWLRQBOHYHO
3HUPLWH D HQWUDGD GH UHTXLVLo}HV )73 SDUD R VHUYLGRU 7HOQHW/RJLQ
DFFHSW WFS WR SRUW QRWLILFDWLRQBOHYHO
DFFHSW WFS WR SRUW QRWLILFDWLRQBOHYHO
DFFHSW DOO IURP WR QRWLILFDWLRQBOHYHO
EORTXHLD TXDOTXHU RXWUD UHTXLVLomR 7&3 H VRD R DODUPH
EORFN WFS QRWLILFDWLRQBOHYHO
QRWLILFDWLRQ
OHYHO
UHJLVWUD WRGDV DV FKHJDGDV GH FRQH[mR )73 SHUPLWLGDV
PHVVDJH 5HTXLVLFDR GH FRQH[DR )73
OHYHO
UHJLVWUD WRGDV DV FKHJDGDV GH FRQH[mR 7HOQHW SHUPLWLGDV
PHVVDJH 5HTXLVLFDR GH FRQH[DR 7HOQHW
OHYHO
UHJLVWUD WRGDV DV FKHJDGDV GH FRQH[mR ::: SHUPLWLGDV
PHVVDJH 5HTXLVLFDR GH FRQH[DR :::
OHYHO
UHJLVWUD WRGDV DV FKHJDGDV GH FRQH[mR 66+ SHUPLWLGDV
PHVVDJH 5HTXLVLFDR GH 6HFXUH VKHOO
OHYHO
PHVVDJH 5HGLUHFLRQDPHQWR ,&03 UHFHELGR
OHYHO
PHVVDJH +D XPD URWD VHFXQGiULD SDUD D ,QWHUQHW
OHYHO
PHVVDJH 3DFRWH ,3 FRP RSFDR BVRXUFH URXWHB GHWHFWDGD
OHW VUVRXUFHKRVW VUVRXUFHKRVW WLPHRXW
LI VUVRXUFHKRVW WKHQ
PHVVDJH 3DFRWH ,3 FRP RSFDR BVRXUFH URXWHB GHWHFWDGD
VS\
HQGLI
OHYHO
PHVVDJH &RQH[DR 7&3 LOHJDO
OHW LOOWFSVRXUFHKRVW LOOWFSVRXUFHKRVW WLPHRXW
LI LOOWFSVRXUFHKRVW WKHQ
PHVVDJH &RQH[DR 7&3 LOHJDO
PDLO
VS\
HQGLI
OHYHO
'HVOLJD ,17(5)$&( (7+
H[HF LIFRQILJ HWK GRZQ
HQG
9PS\OaKVVMYXPZY]]_S^\ ]LVYMY]NOMYXPSQ_\KÁY]ÁYOVO]$
¾ SETUP
¾ NOTIFICATION
<O^S\KXNY_WObOWZVYNOXY]]YK\[_S`YOXMYX^\KWY]$
OHYHO
PHVVDJH 5HTXLVLFDR GH 6HFXUH VKHOO
/X`SKZK\KYK\[_S`YNO\OQS]^\YNY=38?=OWv`K\VYQPS\OaKVVvK
SXPY\WKÁY[_ORY_`O_WK\O[_S]SÁYXKZY\^K
:Y\PSWYLVYMY89>303-+>3988O]^K]OÁYMKNKX´`OVNOXY^SPSMKÁY
]O\£O]^KLOVOMSNYX_WZK\£Q\KPY3XSMSKXNY]OMYWKZKVK`\KvVO`OVv
]OQ_SNY NO _W X¦WO\Y SNOX^SPSMKNY\ O v$v :YNO]O O]ZOMSPSMK\ K]
KÉO] XOMO]]£\SK] K ]O\OW SWZVKX^KNK] 9 X´`OV NO XY^SPSMKÁY
P_XMSYXKOWX´`OVNO]M\SZ^/WZ]O_NYM¥NSQYPSMK\SK$
SE
determinadas circunstâncias ocorrem...
Mande uma MENSAGEM...
E CHAMA (call) o Nível 900
Ø
NÍVEL 900
Se as circunstâncias ocorrem 10 vezes
DESLIGUE A INTERFACE ETH0!
» MVK\Y [_O NOWY] _W ObOWZVY \KNSMKV @OTKWY] Y_^\Y MK]Y >YNY
KMO]]YKYWO_]O\`SNY\>OVXO^OW_WKY_WKS]RY]^]\ONS\OMSYXYZK\K
_WX´`OVNOXY^SPSMKÁY$
OHYHO
PHVVDJH ´6ROLFLWDFDR GH VHVVDR 7(/1(7 QD SRUWD µ
FDOO
-YWKVSXRKvMKVV"v\OOX`SYZK\K_WK]_L\Y^SXKYvVO`OV"v
OWWO_PS\OaKVVMYXP9XNO$
OHYHO
OHW FRQQHFWLRQVVRXUFHKRVW FRQQHFWLRQVVRXUFHKRVW WLPHRXW
LI FRQQHFWLRQVVRXUFHKRVW ! WKHQ
UHSRUW
PHVVDJH ´$OJXHP HVWD WHQWDQGR DWLYDU PDLV GH FRQH[RHV 7HOQHWµ
´%ORTXHDQGR DFHVVR SRU VHJXQGRVµ
EORFN DOO IURP VRXUFHKRVW QRWLILFDWLRQBOHYHO WLPHRXW
FDOO
HQGLI
KMO]]YKYOXNO\OY3:NOY\SQOWZY\]OQ_XNY]O`KWY]ZK\KK]_L
\Y^SXK9KV_XYZYNOMYX]_V^K\YWKX_KV2>76[_OXY]\OPO\SWY]
ZK\K MROMK\ K] SX^O\O]]KX^O] YZÉO] NO ]M\SZ^ [_O Y =38?= YPO\OMO
=ÁY O]^K] K] YZÉO] NO ]M\SZ^ [_O ZYNOW ]O\ _]KNK] XY LVYMY
XY^SPSMK^SYXIVO`OV$
7/==+1/$
.OPSXOKWOX]KQOWK]O\OX`SKNKZK\KYK\[_S`YNO\OQS]^\YO^KWL¤W
¤_]KNYXYOWKSVO]ZOMSPSMKNYXYLVYMYv]O^_Zv+]WOX]KQOX]NO`OW
]O\O]M\S^K]OX^\OK]ZK]
=C=691$
-YVYMKY\OQS]^\YMY\\OX^O^KWL¤WXYvVYQvNY]S]^OWK
</:9<>$
-YZSKY\OQS]^\YMY\\OX^OZK\KYK\[_S`YvPS\OaKVV\OZY\^v
7+36$
/X`SKOWKSVZK\KY]OXNO\OY]O]ZOMSPSMKNY]XKMYXPSQ_\KÁY
=:C$
3^OW W_S^Y SX^O\O]]KX^O 8K NOPSXSÁY NO 7_MR]OV =MRWSN K
NOMVK\KÁY v]Zcv SXSMSK _W MY_X^O\ SX^OVVSQOXMO =O_ YLTO^S`Y ¤
ZK\K ]O\ MVK\Y O]ZSYXK\ Y RY]^ O Y _]_£\SY [_O O]^£ ObOM_^KXNY _WK
KÁY NK [_KV ]O NO]MYXPSK 8Y XY]]Y ObOWZVY _W _]_£\SY OW _W RY]^
^OX^Y_ PKdO\ MYXObÉO] X_W MO\^Y Z\KdY NO ^OWZY OW XY]]Y ^OVXO^
]O\`O\:YNO\´KWY]^O\MYXPSQ_\KNYMYWv]Zcv`OTKWY]$
LI FRQQHFWLRQVVRXUFHKRVW ! WKHQ
VS\ Õ
UHSRUW
3]^Y ¤ ]O RY_`O\ WKS] NO MYXObÉO] OX^ÁY MYWOMO Y v]Zcv 9
v]Zcv¤_WZ\YMO]]YNOSNOX^SPSMKÁYNO_WRY]^_]_£\SY_]KXNYY.8=
ZK\K YL^O\ Y XYWO NY RY]^ Y Z\Y^YMYVY SNOX^ `£VSNY ]YWOX^O OW
RELEVEL:
Muda o nível de notificação para a regra que causou a ação.
EXEC:
Declaração bastante poderosa. Pois pode abrir um shell local e executar um comando. Assim, na certeza de um ataque
efetivo podemos desligar a nossa interface de rede (eth0, eth1, etc.) com a seguinte declaração 'exec':
-+66$
-RKWKY_^\YX´`OVNOObOM_ÁYOYObOM_^K
LET:
Esta declaração pode mudar o valor de uma variável. O valor de timeout (em segundos) pode ser especificado no fim da
declaração 'let'. Observe o exemplo abaixo:
Ø
QRWLILFDWLRQ
OHYHO
OHW SLQJFRXQWVRXUFHKRVW SLQJFRXQWVRXUFHKRVW WLPHRXW
LI SLQJFRXQWVRXUFHKRVW ! WKHQ
EORFN DOO IURP VRXUFHKRVW QRWLILFDWLRQBOHYHO WLPHRXW
HQGLI
?WW£[_SXK^OX^Y__WvZSXQvZK\KKVQ_WKW£[_SXKNOXY]]KSX^\KXO^Y
Z\Y^YMYVY¤3-7:/VO¤_]KNYZK\KNSKQX¥]^SMY]OMYXNSÉO]NOO\\Y
X_WK \ONO 7K] O]^K W£[_SXK ObOM_^Y_ Y vZSXQv `OdO] (
NOX^\Y MYW Y ^OWZY W£bSWY NO ]OQ_XNY] ^SWOY_^ K MKNK
vZSXQ]v:Y\^KX^YLVY[_OSK]OKMYXObÁYZY\ ]OQ_XNY]
Use como num shell script: para executar um fluxo de ações, se tal ou qual condição acontece.
9 Z\YQ\KWK ]P 0S\OaKVV -YX^\YV :KXOV `O\]ÁY ZYNO ]O\ _]KNY
ZK\K K ONSÁY NY PS\OaKVVMYXP +] WO]WK] KN`O\^ XMSK] POS^K] XK]
VSÉO] ]YL\O Y 3ZMRKSX] O ]_K ONSÁY `SK 6SX_bMYXP `KVOW K[_S ?W
Z\YQ\KWK1?3MYWY]P-YX^\YV:KXOVZYNOKT_NK\WK]¤Z\OMS]Y]KLO\
Y [_O O]^£ PKdOXNY MYXROMO\ Y] MYXMOS^Y] O Y] P_XNKWOX^Y] NO _W
PS\OaKVV OW QO\KV O NK Z\YZY]^K NY =38?= OW ZK\^SM_VK\ 9 ]P
-YX^\YV :KXOV ¤ _W Z\YQ\KWK POS^Y OW 4K`K XÁY Y _^SVSdKWY] XY
ASXNYa]Y_OW[_KV[_O\Y_^\KZVK^KPY\WK.OWKXOS\K[_OXÁYZYNOWY]
PKdO\_WKK`KVSKÁYNO]O_]\O]_V^KNY]
+] YZO\KÉO] MYW Y =P -YX^\YV MYWOKW MYW K ONSÁY NK ^YZYVYQSK NO
\ONO:K\KS]]Y]OO]MYVROXYWOX_KYZÁY/NS^^YZYVYQc$
.OZYS]¤XOMO]]£\SYWYX^K\K^YZYVYQSKZ\YZ\SKWOX^ONS^KO]MYVROXNY
K] _XSNKNO] K ]O\OW MYXPSQ_\KNK] 8K ^OVK KMSWK O]^£ _W ObOWZVY NK
MYXPSQ_\KÁY NO _WK W£[_SXK PS\OaKVV :YNOWY] MYW _W RY]^ ]O\`SNY\
MYXPSQ_\£VY MYW `£\SY] ]O\`SY] ZY]]´`OS] 0>: =OM_\O AAA ]O\`O\
==2]O\`O\O^MVSLO\KXNYY_XÁYZK\KYKMO]]YZ¦LVSMY/XMO\\KNK
K SNOX^SPSMKÁY NO XY]]K \ONO ]K´WY] NY vWYNY ^YZYVYQSKv XO]]O
SX]^KX^O Y ]P -YX^\YV K`KVSK ]O R£ SXMYX]S]^ XMSK] OW XY]]K
^YZYVYQSK=O^_NYO]^£YUZYNOWY]O]MYVRO\ Y vK_^YMYXPSQv .OZYS]
ZYNOWY] \O`O\ MYXPY\WO XY]]Y QY]^Y K] MYXPSQ_\KÉO] 8K ^OVK
]OQ_SX^OO]^KWY]ONS^KXNYYLVYMYNO]O^_Zv\_VO]v$
+QY\K `KWY] `O\ Y WOMKXS]WY NO \OQS]^\Y NY =38?= 0S\OaKVV =OW
N¦`SNK _W NY] ZYX^Y] PY\^O] NY ]YP^aK\O 4£ [_O K WYX^KQOW NO _W
PS\OaKVV ]SQXSPSMK OW Q\KXNO ZK\^O `SQSVXMSK +]]SW \OQS]^\K\ OW
K\[_S`Y] ]OQ_\Y] Y WY`SWOX^Y NO OX^\KNK O ]K´NK NO ZKMY^O] O KV¤W
NYWKS]Q\KK]§MKZKMSNKNONO]M\SZ^NYZ\YQ\KWKObOM_^K\KÉO]¤
P_XNKWOX^KVZK\KYKNWSXS]^\KNY\NO_WK\ONO
4£ `SWY] [_O Y K\[_S`Y NO VYQ P_XNKWOX^KV NY =38?= MRKWK]O
v`K\VYQPS\OaKVVv @YM NO`O SX`O]^SQ£VY ]OWZ\O ZYS] ^YNY Y
WY`SWOX^Y NO ZKMY^O] ¤ XOVO Q\K`KNY K]]SW MYWY K] YZO\KÉO]
MYXPSQ_\KNK]XYXY^SPSMK^SYXIVO`OV=OK]_K\ONO¤NOQ\KXNOZY\^O
OZY\^KX^Y\OMOLO_W^\£POQYW_S^YSX^OX]Y¤KMYX]OVR£`OV_]K\_WK
ZK\^SÁY ]OZK\KNK ZK\K Y NS\O^¥\SY v`K\VYQv -YW OPOS^Y ZYNOWY]
_]K\YMYWKXNYv^KSVvZK\KSX]ZOMSYXK\YVYQQ\K`KNYXYK\[_S`YMYW
Y KM\¤]MSWY NK PVKQ P ZK\K PY\K\ K VOS^_\K NY PSW NY K\[_S`Y
:Y\ObOWZVY$
>OWY] K[_S _WK WY]^\K NK ]O[_ XMSK NO OX^\KNK] \OQS]^\KNK] MYW Y
W ]YNSKKRY\KKKN`O\^ XMSKYMY\\SNKOXNO\OY]3:Z\Y^YMYVY]
OW [_O]^ÁY O^M 2£ N_K] OX^\KNK] NO OX`SY NO WKSV ZK\K Y _]_£\SY
\YY^ VSXRK] O # 9 MYXROMSNY VOS^Y\ NO WKSV] :38/ KM_]K Y
\OMOLSWOX^YNKWOX]KQOW$
+MYX]OVRKWY] ^KWL¤W Y _]Y NO _W ¥^SWY ]M\SZ^ OW :O\V O]M\S^Y ZY\
7SMRKOV,KLMYMUR^^Z$aaaVSX_b]_ZZY\^VSXOMYWhZQZVSX_bMRKWKNY
6YQMYVY\S]O VYQMYVY\S]O!^K\Qd ¤ K `O\]ÁY [_O _]KWY] /VO
^OW K MKZKMSNKNO NO Z¡\ MY\O] XY] K\[_S`Y] NO VYQ NO WKXOS\K [_O
ZYNOKMOX^_K\NO^O\WSXKNK]ZKVK`\K]O]ZOM´PSMK]
=O`YM NO]OTK\`O\Y]VYQ]QO\KNY]WK]SXSMSK\Y]O_]S]^OWKOW
vSXS^ v Y_ WO]WY O]^S`O\ ]OWZ\O OW KWLSOX^O Q\£PSMY O XÁY
NO]OTK\ ]KS\ NOVO ZYNO _]K\ K Y Z\YQ\KWK bMYX]YVO Z\O]OX^O XK
[_K]O ^Y^KVSNKNO NK] NS]^\SL_SÉO] 6SX_b 9 bMYX]YVO WYXS^Y\K K]
WOX]KQOX]NYMYX]YVOXYBASXNYa@YM ZYNO_]K\XY]O_vbSXS^\MvY
MYWKXNY$
/OX^ÁY$
8O]^K^OVK`OWY]_WObOWZVYNOObOM_ÁYXYbMYX]YVO$
9 NKOWYX NY =38?= v]PMv KMOS^K KVQ_WK] SWZY\^KX^O] YZÉO] XK ]_K
VSXRKNOMYWKXNY=ÁYOVK]$
11
Portanto, para usá-lo você precisa de Perl em seu sistema (5.x)...
CIOXVK
GHVWUyL WRGDV DV FRQH[}HV TXH QmR
VmR SHUPLWLGDV QD QRYD FRQILJXUDomR Mi
CIOXVKBDOO
GHVWUyL WRGDV DV FRQH[}HV 7&3
H[LVWHQWHV
FKHFNFRQILJ >FRQILJ@ &KHFD R DUTXLYR GH FRQILJXUDomR
SRU HUURV GH VLQWD[H
3DGUmR HWFILUHZDOOGILUHZDOOFRQI
UHVHWXVDJH
5HVHW XVDJH FRXQWHUV
IURP
WR
OLQH VWDWLF XVDJH WLPHV E\WHV
EORFN QRWLILFDWLRQ OHYHO
SURWRFRO 7&3
:YNO\]OSK NS`SNS\ O]^O ]K´NK NO ]^K^_] NY NKOWYX OW NYS] Q\KXNO]
LVYMY] 9 Z\SWOS\Y ¤ Y O]]OXMSKV NO XY]]K MYXPSQ_\KÁY 3]^Y ¤ K]
SYN
n CLIENTE Î SERVIDOR
o SERVIDOR Î CLIENTE
ACK
p CLIENTE Î SERVIDOR
12
Flooding em inglês quer dizer inundação...
?W Y_^\Y ^´ZSMY K^K[_O LK]OKNY OW =C8+-5 PYS NO]M\S^Y XY VS`\Y
>]_^YW_=RSWYW_\K8YOX^KX^YYYLTO^S`YNYSX`K]Y\XÁYO\KYZO\K\
]SWZVO]WOX^O _W .Y= =O_ SX^OX^Y O\K ZOXO^\K\ X_WK \ONO Z\S`KNK
PSXQSXNY]O]O\_W^\_]^ONRY]^MYWY`O\OWY]_]KXNY_WKY_^\K
^¤MXSMK$ Y 3: =ZYYPSXQ ^Y ]ZYYP Y_ ]OTK V_NSL\SK\ OXQKXK\
;_O¤]OQ_XNYNO]M\SÁYNYO]ZOMSKVS]^K=,OVVY`SX$
“Um dos mais fascinantes buracos na segurança, e que foi primeiramente descrito por Morris. Em suma: usa-se uma
predição dos números de sequência TCP para construir uma sequência de pacote TCP sem em qualquer momento ter
recebido qualquer resposta do servidor. Isto lhe permite enganar (spoof) um host confiável numa rede local.”
:K\K^KX^YYSX`K]Y\KX_VY__WKNK]W£[_SXK]MYW`£\SY]=C8]NO
WKXOS\K[_OOVKXÁYZYNO\O]ZYXNO\K_WY_^\YRY]^MYXPS£`OV+
W£[_SXK OX^ÁY \OMOLO_ _WK ]¤\SO NO =C8] Y RKMUO\ O]^_NY_ K
]O[_ XMSK X_W¤\SMK _]KNK O \O]ZYXNO_ MY\\O^KWOX^O XY V_QK\ NK
W£[_SXK KSXNK ZK\KNK 0KdOXNY]O ZK]]K\ ZOVK W£[_SXK NK
SX^\KXO^ OX`SY_ Y ]SWZVO] MYWKXNY vOMRY ( \RY]^]v NO]^\_SXNY
[_KV[_O\ MYX^\YVO NO KMO]]Y KY RY]^ + RS]^¥\SK ¤ K]]SW MYX^KNK O
NOPY\WKKSXNKWKS]NO^KVRKNKZOVYK_^Y\OW]O_VS`\Y
.O`O]O NSdO\ ZY\ PSW [_O Y KV_XY XÁY NO`O MYXP_XNS\ K ^\YMK NO
=C8+-5 [_O YMY\\O OX^\O _W ]O\`SNY\ O _W MVSOX^O MYW _W Z\YMO]]Y
NO K_^OX^SMKÁY » S]^Y ]SW _WK ]SXM\YXSdKÁY 9 Z\Y^YMYVY >-:
NSPO\OX^OWOX^O NY ?.: [_O Z\SWK ZOVK `OVYMSNKNO ¤ MK\KM^O\SdKNY
ZOVKMYXPSKLSVSNKNOXKOX^\OQKNY]ZKMY^O]Y[_OZY\^KX^Y^OW_W
M_]^Y .OX^\Y NO _W ZKMY^O >-: KV¤W NK] SXPY\WKÉO] ]YL\O K ZY\^K
NO Y\SQOW O NK NO]^SXY NO _W MROMU]_W O^M R£ KVQ_WK] PVKQ] [_O
QK\KX^OW K MYXPSKLSVSNKNO NK MYXObÁY =C8 O +-5 ]ÁY N_K] NO]]K]
PVKQ] v<=>v ZY\ ObOWZVY \OSXSMSK K MYXObÁY Y_ 038 [_O OXMO\\K K
MYXObÁY /W ]_WK ZK\K [_O K MYXObÁY ]OTK MYXPS£`OV ¤ XOMO]]£\SY
[_ORKTKM\S^¤\SY]ZK\KK^\YMKNONKNY]OX^\ONYS]RY]^
13
Contra-Ataque. A História da captura do Pirata Cibernético mais procurado dos Estados Unidos. Ed. Companhia da
Letras, 1996, p. 104 ss.
14
“Security Problems in the TCP/IP Protocol Suite”. Computer Communication Review, Vol. 19, nº2, p. 32.
3 Monitoração da rede
9KWLSOX^O6SX_bNS]ZÉONO_WQ\KXNOX¦WO\YNOPO\\KWOX^K]`O\OWY]
K]]SWKVQ_WK]NOVK][_O§]`OdO]M_WZ\OWKWO]WKP_XÁYZY\¤WMYW
]_K]ZK\^SM_VK\SNKNO]
1Y]^K\´KWY] NO `YV^K\ KY PSW NY MKZ´^_VY KX^O\SY\ :K\K ^YWK\WY] Y
ObOWZVYMS^KNYXYVS`\YNO>]_^YW_=RSWYW_\K@SWY]V£[_OYSX`K]Y\
Z¡NOK^\K`¤]NO_W3:PVYYNSXQOXQKXK\K\ONOOOX^\K\MYWY_WRY]^
MYXPS£`OV/VOO]^_NY_K]O[_ XMSKOWS^SNKZY\_WNY]RY]^]OOX^ÁY
POd K \O]ZY]^K ObK^K -YWY S]]Y PYS ZY]]´`OV) + Z\SY\S KN`O\^SWY]
[_OYZ\YMO]]YNO\OMYXROMSWOX^YNY=C8+-5XÁY¤_WKK_^OX^SMKÁY
WK]]SW_WKXOQYMSKÁYOXN^YOXNOX^\ORY]^][_O¤MY\\O^KWOX^O
MRKWKNK NO ^MZ RKXN]RKUSXQ Y [_O ]SQXSPSMK VS^O\KVWOX^O _WK
O]Z¤MSO NO KZO\^Y NO WÁY] 7_S^Y ZOVY MYX^\£\SY ¤ LK]OKNY X_WK
]O[_ XMSK V¥QSMK [_O S\OWY] OX^OXNO\ MYW PKMSVSNKNO 9] X¦WO\Y]
]O[_OXMSKS] XÁY ]ÁY KVQY K]]SW MYWY ]OXRK] XÁY \OMOLOW XOXR_WK
O]Z¤MSO NO M\SZ^YQ\KPSK ?W Z\YQ\KWK NY ^SZY ]XSPPO\ NO ^Y ]XSPP$
PK\OTK\ ZYNO SX`O]^SQK\ Y] NKNY] NO _W MKLOKVRY >-: O ObOM_^K\
K]WKXYL\K]XOMO]]£\SK]`S]KXNYK\_Z^_\KNK]OQ_\KXK
:\OMS]KWY]KQY\K`S]_KVSdK\Z\SWOS\KWOX^O_WMKLOKVRY>-:OZK\K
_WKMYX^\KZY]SÁY_WMKLOKVRY?.:
_ 6RXUFH 3RUW _ 'HVWLQDWLRQ 3RUW _
_ 6HTXHQFH 1XPEHU _
_ $FNQRZOHGJPHQW 1XPEHU _
_ 'DWD _ _8_$_3_5_6_)_ _
_ 2IIVHW_ 5HVHUYHG _5_&_6_6_<_,_ :LQGRZ _
_ _ _*_._+_7_1_1_ _
_ &KHFNVXP _ 8UJHQW 3RLQWHU _
_ 2SWLRQV _ 3DGGLQJ _
_ GDWD _
_ 6RXUFH _ 'HVWLQDWLRQ _
_ 3RUW _ 3RUW _
_ _ _
_ /HQJWK _ &KHFNVXP _
_
_ GDWD RFWHWV
15
0YX^O]$ <0- !# ZK\K Y MKLOKVRY >-: O <0- ! " ZK\K Y ?.:
&XUVR GH 6HJXUDQoD HP 5HGHV /LQX[ ZZZFLSVJDRUJEU FXUVRV#FLSVJDRUJEU 3iJLQD 57
&RPLWr GH ,QFHQWLYR D 3URGXomR GR 6RIWZDUH *UDWXLWR H $OWHUQDWLYR ± &,36*$
_WMKLOKVRY3:[_O^\KdY]OXNO\OY]3:>\ ]MKWZY]XYMKLOKVRY
>-: XY] SWZY\^KW NO SWONSK^Y$ ]O[_OXMO X_WLO\ X¦WO\Y ]O[_OXMSKV
KMUXYaVONQWOX^X_WLO\X¦WO\YNO\OMYXROMSWOX^YOK]]OS]PVKQ]X_W
^Y^KVNO LS^]$?<1+-5:=2<=>=C8O038=ÁY^KS]PVKQ][_O
MYX^\YVKW K ^\KX]WS]]ÁY NO NKNY] NO PY\WK MYXPS£`OV / ]ÁY K´
SQ_KVWOX^O[_O]OO]MYXNOWL_\KMY]XK]OQ_\KXK
=C8
-VSOX^O '''''''''''''(( =O\`SNY\
=O[ X_WLO\$ <+8.98 !
+MU X_WLO\$
=C8+-5
-VSOX^O &&''''''''''''' =O\`SNY\
=O[ X_WLO\$ <+8.98 #
+MU 8_WLO\$ ! ' "
+-5
-VSOX^ '''''''''''''(( =O\`SNY\
=O[ X_WLO\$ "
+MU 8_WLO\$ # '
+]]SWYRY]^+ZONO_WK]O]]ÁY>OVXO^MYWYRY]^,Y]O\`SNY\8Y
MKWZY ]O[_OXMO X_WLO\ NY RY]^ + [_O OX`SK Y =C8 O ¤ O]MYVRSNY
KVOK^Y\SKWOX^O _W X¦WO\Y OW XY]]Y ObOWZVY ! 9 MKWZY
KMUXYaVONQWOX^X_WLO\O]^£YL`SKWOX^OdO\KNY O RY]^,\O]ZYXNOMYW
_W =C8+-5 O O]MYVRO KVOK^Y\SKWOX^O XY ]O[_OXMO X_WLO\ _W X¦WO\Y
#WK]T£XYMKWZYNYX¦WO\YNO\OMYXROMSWOX^YSXM\OWOX^K$]YWK
Y ]O[_OXMO X_WLO\ NY MVSOX^O WKS] \O]_V^KXNY " 8Y +-5 OX`SKNY
ZOVY RY]^ + `OWY] XY ]O[_OXMO X_WLO\ " S]^Y ¤ K ]YWK NY ¦V^SWY
KMUXYaVONQWOX^X_WLO\OXY]O_X¦WO\YNO\OMYXROMSWOX^YO]^£K]YWK
NY ]O[_OXMO X_WLO\ WKS] 9L]O\`O Y O][_OWK KX^O\SY\ [_O O]^K
]O[_ XMSKPSMK\£WKS]MVK\K0YSK]]SW[_OYSX`K]Y\ZYNOOX^\K\XK
\ONOZ\S`KNKPKdOXNY]OZK]]K\ZY\_WKW£[_SXKMYXPS£`OV
@OTKWY] _W ObOWZVY \OKV >\ ] PO\\KWOX^K] ]ÁY ¦^OS] XO]]O Z\YMO]]Y
NOWYXS^Y\KÁY-KNK_W^OW]_K][_KVSNKNO]OPSMK[_K]OXYO]^SVY
NY KNWSXS]^\KNY\ YZ^K\ ZY\ O]^O Y_ K[_OVO ]YP^aK\O =ÁY OVO]$
>MZN_WZ NK 6Ka\OXMO ,O\UOVOc 8K^SYXKV 6KLY\K^Y\c
P^Z$P^ZOOVLVQY` Y 3:>\KP O]M\S^Y ZY\ 1O\KVN 4K`K [_O O]^ÁY
Z\O]OX^O] OW [_K]O ^YNK] K] NS]^\SL_SÉO] 6SX_b O Y +:= +N`KXMON
:KMUO^ =XSPPO\ `O\]ÁY O]M\S^Y ZY\ -R\S]^SKX =MR_V^O
http://www.swrtec.de)
KZ]EYZÉO]GEZ&NKIZY\^K(&ZK\KIZY\^K(GEY&^SZY(G
9XNOv^SZYvO`SNOXMSKY^SZYP\KWO]O]WLK\Z^MZ_NZO^M8K]
vYZÉO]v ZYNOWY] \O]^\SXQS\ NOMS]S`KWOX^O Y] ZKMY^O] K ]O\OW
WY]^\KNY]$ XÁY WY]^\K\ Y] OXNO\OY] 3: XÁY WY]^\K\ Y] OXNO\OY]
O^RO\XO^ XÁY WY]^\K\ ^KV Y_ [_KV PKSbK NO ZY\^K] O^M 9 MYWKXNY
vKZ] ROVZv VS]^K Y] ZK\WO^\Y] NO]OTKNY] =O MRKWKWY] Y Z\YQ\KWK
]OW YZÉO] Y_ \O]^\SÉO] OVO ZÉO]O ]SWZVO]WOX^O K WYXS^Y\K\ K
\ONO @KWY] \OKVSdK\ MYWY _W ^O]^O _WK ]SWZVO] MYXObÁY >OVXO^
Z\Y^YMYVY >-: ZY\^K +[_S Y RY]^ # " ¤ MVSOX^O O
# "¤Y]O\`SNY\8ÁYR£]OX^SNYOW]OWY]^\K\^YNKK]K´NK
[_OY]XSPPO\XY]Z\YZY\MSYXKZYS]¤NOWK]SKNYVYXQK-YXQOVKWY]Y]
^\ ]WYWOX^Y]]SQXSPSMK^S`Y]@OTKWY]$
+]]SXKVKWY]MYWK]O^KK]VSXRK][_OXY]SX^O\O]]KWK[_S8Y^OMYWY
K] PVKQ] ]_MONOW]O MYWY PYS ObZVSMKNY /VK] ]ÁY Q\SPKNK] ZOVY +:=
OWVO^\K]WKS¦]M_VK]$
8Y[_KN\Y`OWY]$
)ODJVXUJDFNSVKUVW6<1ILQ Î 8P 6<1 HQYLDGR
8Y[_KN\Y`OWY]$
8Y[_KN\Y`OWY]$
XUJ$&.SVKUVWV\QILQ Î ( ILQDOPHQWH XP $&.
9KV_XYNO`O^KWL¤WXY^K\K]_MO]]ÁYNY]]O[_OXMOOKMUXYaVONQWOX^]
X_WLO\] 9L]O\`O MYWY YMY\\O Y SXM\OWOX^Y [_O PYS ObZVSMKNY
KX^O\SY\WOX^O$
1R6<1
6HT$FN 1U
1U[DEI [
1~PHUR GH UHFRQKHFLPHQWR ]HUDGR
1R6<1$&.
6HT$FN 1U
1U[GD [DEI
5DQGRP
6HT 1U $QWHULRU
1R$FN
6HT$FN 1U
1U[DEI [GD
$FN 1U
DQWHULRU
6HT 1U $QWHULRU
9 Z\YQ\KWK +:= ¤ ]OW N¦`SNK _W NY] WKS] ¦^OS] ]XSPPO\] ZK\K Y
KMYWZKXRKWOX^Y NO \ONO » MVK\Y [_O Z\YQ\KWK] NO]^O ^SZY SXMV_Y
K[_S Y ^MZN_WZ ObOM_^KW _W N_WZSXQ MYWZVO^Y O ]OWZ\O ObK_]^S`Y NY
^\£POQY NO \ONO ?W \ONS\OMSYXKWOX^Y ZK\K _W K\[_S`YVYQ X_WK
ZO[_OXKSX^\KXO^N_\KX^OZY_MY]WSX_^Y]QO\K\£K\[_S`Y]OXY\WO]/
XÁY R£ Y_^\K ]YV_ÁY ZK\K Y O]^_NY NO WYXS^Y\KWOX^Y O ZK\K K
WYX^KQOW NO _W 3.= OPO^S`Y ]OXÁY Y O]^_NY M_SNKNY]Y NY] \OQS]^\Y]
OW ^Ob^Y ;_O XY] KT_]NK\£ K OXMYX^\K\ K] ZOQKNK] NOSbKNK] ZY\ _WK
SX`K]ÁY
(QG RULJHP ! (QG GHVWLQR IODJV VHTQXPEHU DFNQXPEHU WDPDQKRBGHBMDQHOD XUJHQW RSo}HV
4£XY]ZKMY^O]?.:OWQO\KV$
+[_S^OWY]_WK]K´NK^´ZSMKNY^MZN_WZ9L]O\`KWY]_WKMYXObÁY>-:
KL\SXNY_WK]O]]ÁY0>:$
8Y^O [_O K ]K´NK NY ^MZN_WZ XÁY K]]SXKVK ObZVSMS^KWOX^O KY] =C8
+-5] / SQ_KVWOX^O XY ]O[_OXMO X_WLO\ SXSMSKV 3=8 OVO XÁY dO\K
WK]\OZO^OY]`KVY\O]8O]^KMYXObÁYK]]SXKVKNK OW XOQ\S^Y ^OWY]
¤¥L`SYK\OZO^SÁYNKV¥QSMKNO]SXM\YXSdKÁYNY]ZKMY^O]>-:
,37UDI
_ ,3 WUDIILF PRQLWRU _
_ *HQHUDO LQWHUIDFH VWDWLVWLFV _
_ 'HWDLOHG LQWHUIDFH VWDWLVWLFV _
_ 7&38'3 VHUYLFH PRQLWRU _
_ (WKHUQHW VWDWLRQ PRQLWRU _
_ 7&3 GLVSOD\ ILOWHUV _
_ 2WKHU SURWRFRO ILOWHUV _
_ (WKHUQHW KRVW GHVFULSWLRQV _
_ 2SWLRQV _
_ ([LW _
'LVSOD\V FXUUHQW ,3 WUDIILF LQIRUPDWLRQ
8S'RZQ0RYH VHOHFWRU (QWHUH[HFXWH
7(/$
,37UDI
6RXUFH 'HVWLQDWLRQ 3DFNHWV %\WHV )ODJV ,IDFH
_ ! $ HWK_
_ ! $ HWK_
_ _
_ _
_ _
_ _
_ _
_ _
_ _
_ _
7&3 HQWULHV $FWLYH
_ 8'3 IURP WR RQ HWK _
_ 8'3 IURP WR RQ HWK _
_ 8'3 IURP WR RQ HWK _
_ 8'3 IURP WR RQ HWK _
_ 8'3 IURP WR RQ HWK _
_ 8'3 IURP WR RQ HWK _
%RWWRP(ODSVHG WLPH
,3 7&3 8'3 ,&03 1RQ,3
8S'Q3J8S3J'QVFUO DFWY ZLQ :FKJ DFWY ZLQ 0PRUH 7&3 LQIR ;&WUO;([LW
7(/$
,37UDI
6WDWLVWLFV IRU HWK
_ _
_ 3DFNHWV %\WHV _
_ 7RWDO _
_ ,3 _
_ 7&3 $FWLYLW\ NELWVVHF _
_ 8'3 SDFNHWVVHF _
_ ,&03 _
_ 2WKHU ,3 ,3 &KHFNVXP (UURUV _
_ 1RQ,3 _
_ _
_ _
_ 3NW 6L]H E\WHV &RXQW 3NW 6L]H E\WHV &RXQW _
_ WR WR _
_ WR WR _
_ WR WR _
_ WR WR _
_ WR WR _
_ WR WR _
_ WR WR _
_ WR _
_ _
(ODSVHG WLPH
;&WUO;([LW
+QY\KZYNOWY]§^´^_VYNOObOWZVYWYXS^Y\K\_WK]SW_VKÁYNO=C8
PVYYNSXQ X_WK SX^\KXO^ / YL]O\`£VY OW XY]]Y] Z\YQ\KWK] +:= O
3:^\KP ?]K\OWY] _W ]YP^aK\O MRKWKNY =cXU Y M¥NSQY ¤ O]M\S^Y ZY\
_WRKMUO\MRKWKNYDKUK^R=O_]ZK\WO^\Y]]ÁY]SWZVO]$
]cXUOXNINOIY\SQOWOXNINOINO]^SXYZY\^KZY\^K
:YNO]OYZ^K\XKPVKQvOXNINOIY\SQOWvZY\Y[_OPK\£[_OY]=C8]
]OTKWNONSPO\OX^O]OKVOK^¥\SY]OXNO\OY]3: v:Y\^Kv O v:Y\^Kv
MYWY MRKWKWY] \OPO\OW]O §] ZY\^K] K ]O\OW MYX]O[_OX^OWOX^O
QO\KNK]% ZY\ ObOWZVY$ ]O O]MYVROWY] K] ZY\^K] K WKXNK\OWY]
ZKMY^O] NK ZY\^K K^¤ K ZY\^K 9] ZKMY^O] ]ÁY K]]SW OX`SKNY]
NO PY\WK SX^O\WS^OX^O K^¤ K SX^O\\_ZÁY ZOVY _]_£\SY MYW _W
-YX^\YV-Y_-YX^\YVL\OKU
`K\\SNK]OW]O[_ XMSKK^OXÁY$R£^KWL¤W_WKMYXObÁY>OVXO^\OQ_VK\
]OXNYWY]^\KNKXKVSXRK#XY^O^KWL¤WKPVKQ=C8WK\MKNKMYW_W
=$
,37UDI
6RXUFH 'HVWLQDWLRQ 3DFNHWV %\WHV )ODJV ,IDFH
æ 6 HWK æ
æ HWK æ
æ 6 HWK æ
æ HWK æ
æ 6 HWK æ
æ HWK æ
æ 6 HWK æ
æ HWK æ
æ ! 3$ HWK æ
æ ! $ HWK æ
æ 6 HWK æ
æ HWK æ
7&3 HQWULHV $FWLYH
æ 8'3 E\WHV IURP WR RQ HWK æ
æ 8'3 E\WHV IURP WR RQ HWK æ
æ $53 E\WHV IURP EEDGF WR FGIHF RQ HWK æ
æ $53 E\WHV IURP FGIHF WR EEDGF RQ HWK æ
æ æ
æ æ
7RS (ODSVHG WLPH
,3 7&3 8'3 ,&03 1RQ,3
8S'Q3J8S3J'QVFUO DFWY ZLQ :FKJ DFWY ZLQ 0PRUH 7&3 LQIR ;&WUO;([LW
+QY\K_WK^K[_ONYWO]WY^SZYOMYKXNYXO]^KMKZ^_\KNY+:=$
+:$''5 EEDGF ! FGIHF
,3$''5 !
,39HU __ +HDG[D E\WHV __ 6HUYLFH726 __ /HQJWK RYHU DOO
)UDJPHQWDWLRQ ,'[GD )ODJV 2IIVHW
77/ __ 3URWRNROO 7&3 __ +HDGHU&5&[
7&3+($'(5
3RUWV ! WHOQHW 6HT$FN 1U[ [
'DWD2IIVHW[ 5HVHUYHG%LW )ODJVXUJDFNSVKUVW6<1ILQ
:LQGRZ[IIII &5&[I 8UJHQW3RLQWHU[
+:$''5 EEDGF ! FGIHF
,3$''5 !
,39HU __ +HDG[D E\WHV __ 6HUYLFH726 __ /HQJWK RYHU DOO
)UDJPHQWDWLRQ ,'[EG )ODJV 2IIVHW
77/ __ 3URWRNROO 7&3 __ +HDGHU&5&[
7&3+($'(5
3RUWV ! XQNQRZQ 6HT$FN 1U[ [
'DWD2IIVHW[ 5HVHUYHG%LW )ODJVXUJDFNSVKUVW6<1ILQ
:LQGRZ[IIII &5&[IDG 8UJHQW3RLQWHU[
+:$''5 EEDGF ! FGIHF
,3$''5 !
,39HU __ +HDG[D E\WHV __ 6HUYLFH726 __ /HQJWK RYHU DOO
)UDJPHQWDWLRQ ,'[H )ODJV 2IIVHW
8ÁY]ONO`OO]^\KXRK\KObZ\O]]ÁY_]KNK=C8</-@9XO^]^K^MYWY
PKVKWY] ¤ _WK PO\\KWOX^K ^\KNSMSYXKV NY] =S]^OWK] YZO\KMSYXKS]
?83BZY\S]]Y_]KKObZ\O]]ÁYMKX¡XSMKZ\O]OX^OXY<0-!#+VS_WK
MYXObÁY >-: PYS SX^O\Z\O^KNK MYWY _WK Z\YQ\O]]ÁY NO O]^KNY] MYW
NSPO\OX^O] ]SQXSPSMKNY] YXNO =C8</-/3@/. ¤ _W NOVO] ^KS] MYWY
63=>/8 O]ZO\K ZY\ _WK MYXObÁY /=>+,63=2/. O]^KLOVOMSWOX^Y NK
MYXObÁY>-:038A+3>O]ZO\KZOVY^¤\WSXYNKMYXObÁYO^M
?W ]YP^aK\O KLO\^Y MRKWKNY =OXN3: `O\]ÁY NO 7SUO <SMRK\N]
WSUO*OK\^RVS M\SKNY NOX^\Y NY MRKWKNY :\YTOM^ :_\ZVO
R^^Z$aaaOK\^RVSZY\ObOWZVYZYNOPKdO\^KVYZO\KÁY]OXNY
9=OXN3:KMOS^KSX¦WO\K]YZÉO]XKVSXRKNOMYWKXNY-YL\SXNY[_K]O
^YNK]K]YZÉO]ObS]^OX^O]XY]Z\Y^YMYVY]?.:>-:O3-7:@OTKWY]$
&RY]^XKWO( S] ^RO XKWO YP ^RO RY]^ ^Y ]OXN ^RO ZKMUO^ ^Y NOPK_V^] ^Y
VYMKVRY]^
&^cZO( S] ^RO ZKMUO^ ^cZO$ M_\\OX^Vc ?.: >-: Y\ 3-7: NOPK_V^] ^Y 3:
&NK^K( S] ^RO NK^K ZKcVYKN YP ^RO ZKMUO^ K] K ]^\SXQ YP RObKNOMSWKV
X_WLO\] NOPK_V^] ^Y Lc^O] YP ]
9ZÉO] NO ]Y[_O^O$
]N .OL_Q
]\ 8ÁY \Y^OK\ SO NY \Y_^O
]L :O\WS^O L\YKNMK]^
9ZÉO] 3:$
S] 3: NO Y\SQOW !
SN 3: NO NO]^SXY -Y\\O^Y
SR >KWKXRY NO MKLOKVRY -Y\\O^Y
Sc v>cZO YP ]O\`SMOv `O\ <0-!#
SV >KWKXRY -Y\\O^Y
SS 3NOX^SPSMKÁY +VOK^¥\SY
SP\ 0VKQ \O]O\`KNK
SPN 8ÁY P\KQWOX^K
SPW 7KS] P\KQWOX^Y]
SP v0\KQ YPP]O^v
S^ >>6
SZ :\Y^YMYVY -Y\\O^Y ZK\K Y ^SZY
SM v-ROMU]_Wv -Y\\O^Y
9ZÉO] 3-7:$
M^ >SZY " @O\ <0-!#
MN -¥NSQY @O\ <0-!#
MM v-ROMU]_Wv -Y\\O^Y
9ZÉO] ?.:$
_] :Y\^K NO 9\SQOW
_N :Y\^K NO .O]^SXY
_V >KWKXRY -Y\\O^Y
_M v-ROMU]_Wv -Y\\O^Y
9ZÉO] >-:$
^] :Y\^K NO 9\SQOW
^N :Y\^K NO .O]^SXY
^X v=O[_OXMO X_WLO\v +VOK^¥\SY
^K v+MUXYaVONQOWOX^v
^^ v.K^K YPP]O^v -Y\\O^Y
^\ <O]O\`KNY
^P_ -YXP v_\Q LS^v K WOXY] [_O ^_ ]OTK O]ZOMSPSMKNY
^PK -YXP vKMU LS^v K WOXY] [_O ^K ]OTK O]ZOMSPSMKNY
^PZ -YXP vZ]R LS^v
^P\ -YXP v\]^ LS^v
^P] -YXP v]cX LS^v
^PP -YXP vPSX LS^v
^a 4KXOVK
^M v-ROMU]_Wv -Y\\O^Y
^_ 3XNSMKNY\?\Q XMSK
:YNOWY] KQY\K OX`SK\ _W ZKMY^O >-: K XY]]K O]MYVRK ZK\K _W RY]^
[_KV[_O\ NO XY]]K \ONO O OX^ÁY KXKVS]K\ MYW Y +:= O Y 3:^\KP Y
MYX^O¦NYNYZKMY^O0K\OWY]MYWK]]OQ_SX^O]YZÉO]$
]OXNSZ # " Z ^MZ S] ^] ^N
ªMYX^ ^K^_
-YWY+:=WYXS^Y\KXNYXY]]YRY]^OVOXY]\OZY\^K$
>-:2/+./<$
:Y\^]$ ( XOaKMM^ =O[+MU 8\$bM !L b##
.K^K9PP]O^$b <O]O\`ON ,S^$ 0VKQ]$?<1+-5Z]R\]^=C8PSX
ASXNYa$bPPPP -<-$b ?\QOX^:YSX^O\$b
2A+..<$ $$L$L$K#$NM ( $M$NP$O$$M
+<:$ 3:(/^RO\XO^
<O[_O]^ P\YW # " 2A$$$L$L$K#$NM
1YO] ^Y # " 2A$$$$$$
2A+..<$ $M$NP$O$$M ( $$L$L$K#$NM
+<:$ 3:(/^RO\XO^
+X]aO\ P\YW # " 2A$$M$NP$O$$M
1YO] ^Y # " 2A$$$L$L$K#$NM
+QY\KXY3:^\KPZYNOWY]SQ_KVWOX^OYL]O\`K\$
Ø
,37UDI
6RXUFH 'HVWLQDWLRQ 3DFNHWV %\WHV )ODJV ,IDFH
_ ! 6$8 HWK _
_ ! HWK _
_ _
_ _
_ _
_ _
_ _
_ _
_ _
_ _
7&3 HQWULHV $FWLYH
_ _
_ _
_ _
_ _
_ _
_ _
%RWWRP(ODSVHG WLPH
,3 7&3 8'3 ,&03 1RQ,3
8S'Q3J8S3J'QVFUO DFWY ZLQ :FKJ DFWY ZLQ 0PRUH 7&3 LQIR ;&WUO;([LW
+[_S YL]O\`KWY] OW KWLK] K] ^OVK] _W ¦XSMY ZKMY^O O ObK^KWOX^O
MYWY]`KVY\O][_OM\SKWY]9]MKWZY]OWNO]^K[_OXY]WY]^\KWS]]Y
+ VOS^_\K NY MKLOKVRY XY] WY]^\K PKMSVWOX^O Y] LS^] NO _\Q XMSK
WK\MKNY] O Y =C8+-5 NY ZKMY^O ^KWL¤W Y +:= ZYNO XY] WY]^\K\ Y
X¦WO\Y NO \OMYXROMSWOX^Y [_O O]^KLOVOMOWY] vv ObZ\O]]Y OW
RObKNOMSWKS]vb##v
+<:¤_WZ\Y^YMYVYNOLKSbYX´`OV[_OKL]^\KSYOXNO\OKWOX^Y
P´]SMYZO\WS^SXNY[_O]OTKK^\SL_´NY_WOXNO\OY3:ZK\KMKNK
W£[_SXK3NOKVSdKWY]+<:MYWYZK\^OP´]SMKNY]S]^OWKNO\ONO]O
XÁYMYWYZK\^ONYZ\Y^YMYVYNOSX^O\VSQKÁYOW\ONO]16
;_KXNY _W RY]^ NK \ONO NO]OTK ]KLO\ Y 7+- NO _W Y_^\Y RY]^ OVO
OX`SK _WK \O[_S]SÁY Y_ _W ZKMY^O +<: ZY\ L\YKNMK]^ ZO\Q_X^KXNY
[_KV Y OXNO\OY NO RK\NaK\O NK W£[_SXK MYW 3: ZY\ ObOWZVY
v# "v)>YNK]K]W£[_SXK]KMOS^KWYZKMY^O+<:WK]MYWY]¥
R£_WKW£[_SXKMYW^KVOXNO\OKWOX^Y]YWOX^O OVK \O]ZYXNO OX`SKNY
]O_ 7+- .O]ZYS] ¤ PY\WKNY _W MKMRO MYW _WK VS]^KQOW MYW Y]
OXNO\OY] 3Z] O Y] OXNO\OY] NO RK\NaK\O 9 MYWKXNY K\Z X` ZYNO
WY]^\K\YMKMROM\SKNY$
97+-¤_WOXNO\OY¦XSMY9_]OTKMKNKKNKZ^KNY\NO\ONOZY]]_S_W
OXNO\OY ]SXQ_VK\ XY PY\WK^Y NO " LS^] Lc^O] O]M\S^Y OW
RObKNOMSWKS] O ]OZK\KNY] ZY\ $ Y_ 9] ^\ ] Z\SWOS\Y] Lc^O]
16
-97,/< . 3X^O\VSQKÁY OW <ONO MYW >-:3: <SY NO 4KXOS\Y ON -KWZ_] ##" Z
"
$$,$,$+#$.-
ªM¥N NK OWZ\O]K -97
+SXNK OW XY]]Y ObOWZVY `SWY] [_O K W£[_SXK [_O OX`SY_ ZKMY^O]
]ZYYPSXQNOSbK\£MYWMO\^OdK\K]^\Y]+\O[_S]SÁY+<:O]^£ObZ\O]]K
XY+:=XK]]OQ_SX^O]VSXRK] :
9 ZKMY^O ]ZYYPSXQ PYS OX`SKNY ZOVY RY]^ # " WK] WO]WK K
W£[_SXK [_O OX`SY_ Y ZKMY^O K\^SPSMSKV SWONSK^KWOX^O OX`SK _W
ZKMY^O+<:/KY_^\KW£[_SXK\O]ZYXNOMK]KXNYYOXNO\OY3:MYWY
7+-
8OW ^YNK] K] NS]^\SL_SÉO] 6SX_b SXMV_OW _WK `O\]ÁY NY =KSX^ +
ObMOÁY ^KV`Od ]OTK K NK =_=/ ` [_O T£ NS]^\SL_S Y ZKMY^O
MYWZSVKNY:K\KPKd VYObOM_^OY]]OQ_SX^O]ZK]]Y]$
.SQS^OvWKUOVSX_bvZK\KKMYWZSVKÁYNY]LSX£\SY]
.OZYS] KT_]^O Y] ZK^R] ZK\K Y] ]M\SZ^] OW :O\V MYW vZO\V
\OMYXPSQvMYWS]]Y^KWL¤WY=KSX^OXMYX^\K\£KKT_]^K\£YZK^RZK\K
YL\Ya]O\NS]ZYX´`OVXY]S]^OWK]ONO]OTK\KV^O\£VYONS^OYK\[_S`Y
vMYXPSQZK^R]ZVv
@YM XOMO]]S^KNO]VSQK\Y]O\`SNY\Z\Ybc[_KXNYPY\_]K\Y=KSX^
ZYS]OVOZ\OMS]KNOKMO]]YNS\O^YKY]RY]^]NK\ONO@YM ZYNOPKdO\
ONS^KXNY K ]_K `K\S£`OV NO KWLSOX^O KVQY NY ^SZY R^^ZIZ\Ybc O
^KWL¤W NO]PKdOXNY Y _]Y NY Z\Ybc XY XO^]MKZO =OW O]]O KT_]^O Y
=KSX^XÁYP_XMSYXK\£
+QY\KT£ZYNOWY]VKXK\Y=KSX^=O_]K\WY]_WL\Ya]O\Q\£PSMYMYWY
Y XO^]MKZO Y_ Y 8=-+ WY]KSM Z\OMS]KWY] O]^K\ XY BASXNYa] .O _WK
TKXOVK NY ^O\WSXKV Q\£PSMY Y B^O\W ZY\ ObOWZVY MK\\OQKWY] Y
Z\YQ\KWKKZK\^S\NY]O_NS\O^¥\SY$
MN_]\VYMKV]KSX^
OOX^ÁY$
]KSX^
+^OVKSXSMSKVWY]^\K_WWOX_NOP_XÉO]NYZ\YQ\KWK9=KSX^XÁY¤
KZOXK]_W]YP^aK\ONOQO\OXMSKWOX^YNO\ONO7K]]SW_WZ\YQ\KWKNO
KX£VS]O O \OVK^¥\SY NO NSKQX¥]^SMY] NO XY]]K \ONO O ]O_] RY]^] 9
=KSX^ Z\YM_\K `_VXO\KLSVSNKNO] O OX^ÁY K] \OZY\^K PY\WK^KXNYK]
X_WKZ£QSXK2^WV
@OTKWY]Y]O_WOX_NOKLO\^_\K$
>+<1/> =/6/->398 Ö MYXPSQ_\K Y RY]^ Y_ Y] RY]^] NO _WK ]_L\ONO
Z\SW£\SK +[_S ]O\ÁY O]MYVRSNK] K] P_XÉO] L£]SMK] NY Z\YQ\KWK [_O
S\OWY]NO^KVRK\§P\OX^O
0OS^Y]Y]KT_]^OSXSMSKWY]KSX`O]^SQKÁY$=^K\^^RO]MKX
/VOXY]WY]^\K^YNY]Y]]O\`SY]O]_K]\O]ZOM^S`K]ZY\^K]»_W
WKZK MYWZVO^Y NK] ZY\^K] [_O O]^ÁY KLO\^K] X_W RY]^ NO XY]]K \ONO
\O]^KXY]MROMK\]OO]^OO]^KNYNOMYS]K]¤MY\\O^YY_XÁY
/]MYVROWY] KQY\K K YZÁY -YX^SX_O aS^R \OZY\^ KXN KXKVc]S] -YW
O]]K YZÁY Y =KSX^ S\£ KXKVS]K\ Y [_KN\Y OXMYX^\KNY XK W£[_SXK
# "
+ ^OVK LKSbY WY]^\K K] YZÉO] YPO\OMSNK] ZOVY ]YP^aK\O =ÁY ^\ ]
LVYMY] NO YZÉO]$ v@_VXO\KLSVSNKNO]v v3XPY\WKÉO] ]YL\O YRY]^v O
ZY\ PSW _WK VS]^KQOW NO v>\_]^ON RY]^]v =OW N¦`SNK Y Z\SWOS\Y
LVYMY¤YWKS]SWZY\^KX^ONYZYX^YNO`S]^KNK]OQ_\KXK9]OQ_XNY
OY^O\MOS\Y]ÁYWKS]SXPY\WK^S`Y]
» ZY\ MYX]OQ_SX^O XY X´`OV 3 v,c +ZZ\YbSWK^O .KXQO\ 6O`OVv NK]
@_VXO\KLSVSNKNO] [_O Y =KSX^ S\£ PKdO\ Z\SWOS\KWOX^O _WK KX£VS]O
W_S^K\SMKNY]Z\YLVOWK]ZY^OXMSKS]OXMYX^\KNY]]OOVOZY\`OX^_\K
Y] OXMYX^\K\ +[_S MYWY T£ KX_XMSK Y WOX_ OVO VS]^K Y] Z\YLVOWK]
]OQ_XNYYX´`OVNOZO\SQYKZ\YbSWKNY9]Z\YLVOWK]ZYNOW]O\Y]WKS]
NS`O\]Y] ZY]]´`OS] /VO PK\£ _WK Z\YM_\K ObK_]^S`K O MYVYMK\£ _WK
ZO[_OXK LYVK `O\WOVRK ZK\K K]]SXKVK\ K ObS]^ XMSK NO Z\YLVOWK]
M\´^SMY] [_O ZY]]KW ]O\ OXMYX^\KNY] +Y WO]WY ^OWZY ]ÁY WYX^KNY]
SX^O\O]]KX^O] VSXU] ZK\K ObZVSMKÉO] LK]^KX^O Z\Y`OS^Y]K] [_O
O]^ÁYOWK\[_S`Y]OWNS\O^¥\SY]VYMKS]
9 K\[_S`Y ObZY\^ NY 80= \YNKXNY XY ASXNYa] 8> XÁY SWZÉO
\O]^\SÉO]ZK\KNS\O^¥\SY]OK\[_S`Y]
+]]SW ]O NO\WY] _W MVS[_O OW v:Y]]SLVO .Y= Z\YLVOWv Y_ vASXNYa]
NO^OM^ONv OXMYX^\K\OWY] _WK ^OVK MYW Y] OXNO\OY] NY]
RY]^]O]O]OQ_SWY]OX^ÁYYVSXUOXMYX^\K\OWY]Y]OQ_SX^O$
+]LYVK]WK\\YX]v3]cY_\RY]^K.Y=^R\OK^)vOY]OQ_SX^O
MYWYNS]]OWY]KX^O\SY\WOX^OO]MVK\OMOWXY]NKXOMO]]SNKNONO
MY\\OÉO]MYX^\KK]KÉO].Y=
+8/B9=
+XObY +$ 9 K\[_S`Y vO^MZ\Y^YMYV]v
+XObY ,$ 9 K\[_S`Y vO^M]O\`SMO]v
+XObY -$ ?W v]M\SZ^v ZK\K 3:-2+38=
+XObY .$ 9] MKLOKVRY] NO ZKMY^O] 3: 3-7: >-: ?.: O +<:
+XObY /$ -YWY _W ZKMY^O `SKTK K^\K`¤] NK ZSVRK >-:3:)
+8/B9+$
Z\Y^YMYV] >RS] PSVO NO]M\SLO] ^RO `K\SY_] Z\Y^YMYV] ^RK^ K\O
K`KSVKLVO P\YW ^RO >-:3: ]_L]c]^OW 3^ ]RY_VN LO
MYX]_V^ON SX]^OKN YP _]SXQ ^RO X_WLO\] SX ^RO +<:+
SXMV_NO PSVO] Y\ aY\]O T_]^ Q_O]]SXQ ^ROW
SZ 3:
SX^O\XO^ Z\Y^YMYV Z]O_NY Z\Y^YMYV X_WLO\
SMWZ 3-7:
SX^O\XO^ MYX^\YV WO]]KQO Z\Y^YMYV
SQWZ 317:
SX^O\XO^ Q\Y_Z W_V^SMK]^ Z\Y^YMYV
QQZ 11:
QK^OaKcQK^OaKc Z\Y^YMYV
^MZ >-:
^\KX]WS]]SYX MYX^\YV Z\Y^YMYV
Z_Z :?:
:+<- _XS`O\]KV ZKMUO^ Z\Y^YMYV
_NZ ! ?.:
_]O\ NK^KQ\KW Z\Y^YMYV
SNZ 3.:
ARK^]>RS])
\Ka <+A
<+A 3: SX^O\PKMO
/XN
+8/B9,$
8O^aY\U ]O\`SMO] 3X^O\XO^ ]^cVO
8Y^O ^RK^ S^ S] Z\O]OX^Vc ^RO ZYVSMc YP 3+8+ ^Y K]]SQX K ]SXQVO aOVVUXYaX
ZY\^ X_WLO\ PY\ LY^R >-: KXN ?.:% ROXMO WY]^ OX^\SO] RO\O RK`O ^aY OX^\SO]
O`OX SP ^RO Z\Y^YMYV NYO]Xv^ ]_ZZY\^ ?.: YZO\K^SYX]
>RS] VS]^ MY_VN LO PY_XN YX$
R^^Z$aaaS]SON_SXXY^O]SKXKK]]SQXWOX^]ZY\^X_WLO\]
8Y^ KVV ZY\^] K\O SXMV_NON YXVc ^RO WY\O MYWWYX YXO]
^MZ <O]O\`ON
_NZ <O]O\`ON
^MZW_b ^MZ
>-: :Y\^ =O\`SMO 7_V^SZVObO\
^MZW_b _NZ
>-: :Y\^ =O\`SMO 7_V^SZVObO\
MYWZ\O]]XO^ ^MZ
7KXKQOWOX^ ?^SVS^c
MYWZ\O]]XO^ _NZ
7KXKQOWOX^ ?^SVS^c
MYWZ\O]]XO^ ^MZ
-YWZ\O]]SYX :\YMO]]
MYWZ\O]]XO^ _NZ
-YWZ\O]]SYX :\YMO]]
\TO ^MZ
<OWY^O 4YL /X^\c
\TO _NZ
<OWY^O 4YL /X^\c
OMRY !^MZ /MRY
OMRY !_NZ /MRY
NS]MK\N #^MZ .S]MK\N ]SXU X_VV
NS]MK\N #_NZ .S]MK\N ]SXU X_VV
]c]^K^ ^MZ _]O\]
+M^S`O ?]O\]
]c]^K^ _NZ _]O\]
+M^S`O ?]O\]
NKc^SWO ^MZ .Kc^SWO
<0- " !
NKc^SWO _NZ .Kc^SWO
<0- " !
XO^]^K^ ^MZ
?XK]]SQXON EaK] XO^]^K^G
[Y^N !^MZ [_Y^O
;_Y^O YP ^RO .Kc
[Y^N !_NZ [_Y^O
;_Y^O YP ^RO .Kc
W]Z "^MZ
7O]]KQO =OXN :\Y^YMYV
W]Z "_NZ
7O]]KQO =OXN :\Y^YMYV
MRK\QOX #^MZ ^^c^]^ ]Y_\MO
-RK\KM^O\ 1OXO\K^Y\
MRK\QOX #_NZ ^^c^]^ ]Y_\MO
-RK\KM^O\ 1OXO\K^Y\
P^ZNK^K ^MZ
0SVO >\KX]PO\ E.OPK_V^ .K^KG
P^ZNK^K _NZ
0SVO >\KX]PO\ E.OPK_V^ .K^KG
P^Z ^MZ
0SVO >\KX]PO\ E-YX^\YVG
P]Z _NZ
]]R ^MZ
==2 <OWY^O 6YQSX :\Y^YMYV
]]R _NZ
==2 <OWY^O 6YQSX :\Y^YMYV
^OVXO^ ^MZ >OVXO^
^OVXO^ _NZ >OVXO^
^MZ KXc Z\S`K^O WKSV ]c]^OW
_NZ KXc Z\S`K^O WKSV ]c]^OW
]W^Z ^MZ WKSV
=SWZVO 7KSV >\KX]PO\
]W^Z _NZ WKSV
=SWZVO 7KSV >\KX]PO\
X]aPO !^MZ
8=A ?]O\ =c]^OW 0/
X]aPO !_NZ
8=A ?]O\ =c]^OW 0/
W]QSMZ #^MZ
7=1 3-:
W]QSMZ #_NZ
7=1 3-:
( _]O\]
( :Y\^] K\O _]ON SX ^RO >-: E G ^Y XKWO ^RO OXN] YP VYQSMKV
( MYXXOM^SYX] aRSMR MK\\c VYXQ ^O\W MYX`O\]K^SYX] 0Y\ ^RO Z_\ZY]O YP
( Z\Y`SNSXQ ]O\`SMO] ^Y _XUXYaX MKVVO\] K ]O\`SMO MYX^KM^ ZY\^ S]
( NOPSXON >RS] VS]^ ]ZOMSPSO] ^RO ZY\^ _]ON Lc ^RO ]O\`O\ Z\YMO]] K] S^]
( MYX^KM^ ZY\^ ARSVO ^RO 3+8+ MKX XY^ MYX^\YV _]O] YP ^RO]O ZY\^] S^
( NYO] \OQS]^O\ Y\ VS]^ _]O] YP ^RO]O ZY\^] K] K MYX`SOXOXMO ^Y ^RO
( MYWW_XS^c
SXQ\O]VYMU ^MZ
SXQ\O]VYMU _NZ
Z\Y]ZO\YXZ ^MZ
:\Y]ZO\Y XYXZ\S`SVOQON
Z\Y]ZO\YXZ _NZ
\PO ^MZ
<KNSY 0\OO /^RO\XO^
\PO _NZ
+M^_KVVc _]O] ?.: YXVc
5O\LO\Y] :\YTOM^ +^ROXK73> ]O\`SMO]
8Y^O ^RK^ ^RO]O K\O PY\ 5O\LO\Y] ` KXN K\O _XYPPSMSKV =S^O] \_XXSXQ
` ]RY_VN _XMYWWOX^ ^RO]O KXN MYWWOX^ Y_^ ^RO ` OX^\SO] KLY`O
UO\LO\Y] !_NZ UNM
5O\LO\Y] ]O\`O\ _NZ
UO\LO\Y] !^MZ UNM
5O\LO\Y] ]O\`O\ ^MZ
U\L_ZNK^O ! ^MZ U\OQ
5O\LO\Y] \OQS]^\K^SYX
UZK]]aN ! ^MZ UZaN
5O\LO\Y] ZK]]aN
UVYQSX ^MZ
5O\LO\Y] \VYQSX
OUVYQSX ^MZ
5O\LO\Y] OXM\cZ^ON \VYQSX
U]ROVV ^MZ U\MWN
5O\LO\Y] \OWY^O ]ROVV
?XYPPSMSKV L_^ XOMO]]K\c PY\ 8O^,=. ]O\`SMO]
]XZZ ^MZ
=SWZVO 8O^aY\U :KQSXQ :\Y^YMYV
]_ZPSVO]\` "!^MZ
=?: ]O\`O\
]_ZPSVONLQ !^MZ
=?: NOL_QQSXQ
RcVKPKb #^MZ
2cVK0+B MVSOX^]O\`O\ Z\Y^YMYV
KbXO^ #^MZ
+ZZVSb =O\`O\
KKQ^ac #^MZ
+ZZVSb +XcaK\O
\ZVKc _NZ
R^^Z\WKX !^MZ
WKX ^Y R^WV YX ^RO PVc
][V !^MZ
KNKLK]N \OWY^O ][V
L^b ^MZ MOZ^N
`LYbN ^MZ
PY\ `LYb NKOWYX
`LYbN _NZ
S]NXVYQ ^MZ S]NXVYQ
68B.,7= ^MZ
WSNSXO^ ^MZ WSNSXO^N
]O\`SMO] PY\ RZ OVY[_OXMO ]YP^aK\O
\_X]\` "^MZ
2: /VY[_OXMO <?8=<@ ASXNYa] SX^OQ\K^SYX
OVY[]N "^MZ
2: /VY[_OXMO + OVY[]N ]O\`O\
OVY[NL "^MZ
2: /VY[_OXMO + NK^K LK]O ]O\`O\
OVY[NL "^MZ
2: /VY[_OXMO + /69;., ]O\`O\
]O\`SMO] PY\ KWKXNK LKMU_Z ]YP^aK\O
KWKXNK "_NZ
KWKXNKSNb "^MZ
KWSNb^KZO "^MZ
]O\`SMO] PY\ \KNS_] ]YP^aK\O
\KNS_] _NZ \KNS_]N
\KNKMM^ _NZ
WKUO KZZVO ^KVU WY\O P\SOXNVc
\^WZ NNZ
<Y_^SXQ >KLVO 7KSX^OXKXMO :\Y^YMYV
XLZ NNZ
8KWO ,SXNSXQ :\Y^YMYV
OMRY NNZ
+ZZVO>KVU /MRY :\Y^YMYV
dSZ NNZ
DYXO 3XPY\WK^SYX :\Y^YMYV
+ZZVO^KVU
KPZY`O\^MZ "^MZ
+0: Y`O\ >-:
KPZY`O\^MZ "_NZ
+0: Y`O\ ?-:
7c=;6 .KOWYX
Wc][V ^MZ
Wc][V _NZ
^RO \]cXM NKOWYX
\]cXM "!^MZ
XO^ZVKX
XO^ZVKX ^MZ
]aK^ S] ^RO =KWLK AOL +NWSXS]^\K^SYX >YYV
]aK^ #^MZ
/X^\SO] PY\ 3,7 ., .K^KLK]O
NLMNLSX]^ ^MZ
-YXXOM^SYX ZY\^ PY\ ., SX]^KXMO NLSX]^
NLSNLSX]^ ^MZ
3X^O\\_Z^ ZY\^ PY\ ., SX]^KXMO NLSX]^
/X^\c PY\ 7SWO\ NK^KLK]O
WSWO\ ^MZ
7SWO\ .K^KLK]O =O\`O\
+8/B9-$
EY ]´WLYVY ª WK\MK K MYX^SX_KÁY NK VSXRK% Y] KMOX^Y] PY\KW ]_Z\SWSNY] NY
]M\SZ^G
LSX]R
-YX^\YVK MY\O] XK ^OVK
LYVN'^Z_^ ]W]Y
YPPLYVN'^Z_^ \W]Y
,96.98']O^^O\W LYVN YX
,96.900']O^^O\W LYVN YPP
1<//8']O^^O\W PY\OQ\Y_XN Q\OOX
./0']O^^O\W NOPK_V^
MVOK\
PSW
3X^O\PKMO
-YVY[_O K[_S K SX^O\PKMO NO]OTKNK
O^R O^R ZZZ O^M
69-+630'O^R
6YMKVSdKMKY NY SZMRKSX]
3:-2+38=']LSXSZMRKSX]
<O^S\K OXNO\OMY] K ZK\^S\ NY SPMYXPSQ 8KY KV^O\O
69-+63:'SPMYXPSQ 69-+630 f Q\OZ SXO^ f M_^ N $ P f M_^ N F P
69-+67+=5'SPMYXPSQ 69-+630 f Q\OZ 7K]U f M_^ N $ P
69-+68/>'69-+63:69-+67+=5
OMRY bb
</79>/8/>'
6SWZK ^YNK] K] \OQ\K] NO PS\OaKVV PVKQ v0v
OMRY X eLYVNgE0S\OaKVVGeYPPLYVNg 6SWZKXNY \OQ\K]
1<//8
OMRY >O\WSXKNY
./0
:YO \OQ\K] ZK\K SWZONS\ MYXObYO] MYW \ONO] O RY]^] XKYMYXPSK`OS] 9]
ZKMY^O] ]KY \OQS]^\KNY]
?]O O]]O O]ZKMY ZK\K XOQK\ KMO]]Y K \ONO K WK[_SXK Y_ Q\_ZY NO
WK[_SXK]
3:-2+38= + SXZ_^ V ] E3:]G N 69-+68/> T ./8C
OMRY X
1<//8
OMRY >O\WSXKNY
./0
/]^K ZK\^O XOQK KMO]]Y K ]O\`SMY] O ZY\^K] ]KLSNKWOX^O Z\YLVOWK^SMK]
ZK\K PY\K NK \ONO VYMKV
1<//8
OMRY >O\WSXKNY
./0
=O\`SMY] NO MK\K^O\ LK]SMY
OMRY X
3-; =O\`SMO]
3:-2+38= + SXZ_^ Z ^MZ ] </79>/8/> N 69-+68/> T +--/:>
OMRY X
1<//8
OMRY >O\WSXKNY
./0
OMRY X eLYVNgE0S\OaKVVGeYPPLYVNg <OQ\K] 3-7:
?]O S]]Y ZK\K XOQK\ K^K[_O] 3-7: NO OXNO\OMY] O]ZOMSPSMY]
3:-2+38= + SXZ_^ L S /B>/<8+630 Z SMWZ ] &KNN\O]]( N T ª./8C
OMRY X
:O\WS^O K MROQKNK NO ZKMY^O] 3-7:
3:-2+38= + SXZ_^ Z SMWZ ] </79>/8/> N 69-+68/> T +--/:>
3:-2+38= + SXZ_^ Z SMWZ ] </79>/8/> N 69-+68/> T +--/:>
OMRY X
:O\WS^O K ]KSNK NO ZKMY^O] 3-7:
3:-2+38= + Y_^Z_^ Z SMWZ ] 69-+68/> N </79>/8/> T +--/:>
3:-2+38= + Y_^Z_^ Z SMWZ ] 69-+68/> N </79>/8/> T +--/:>
OMRY X
1<//8
OMRY >O\WSXKNY
./0
-YXPSQ_\K ZYVS^SMK ZKN\KY
+XObY.$
K 9 MKLOKVRY 3:$
! " # ! " # ! " #
f@O\]SYXf 326 f>cZO YP =O\`SMOf >Y^KV 6OXQ^R f
f 3NOX^SPSMK^SYX f0VKQ]f 0\KQWOX^ 9PP]O^ f
f >SWO ^Y 6S`O f :\Y^YMYV f 2OKNO\ -ROMU]_W f
f =Y_\MO +NN\O]] f
f .O]^SXK^SYX +NN\O]] f
f 9Z^SYX] f :KNNSXQ f
-KWZY] 3-7:$
>cZO
-YNO
' XO^ _X\OKMRKLVO%
' RY]^ _X\OKMRKLVO%
' Z\Y^YMYV _X\OKMRKLVO%
' ZY\^ _X\OKMRKLVO%
' P\KQWOX^K^SYX XOONON KXN .0 ]O^%
' ]Y_\MO \Y_^O PKSVON
! " # ! " # ! " #
f =Y_\MO :Y\^ f .O]^SXK^SYX :Y\^ f
f =O[_OXMO 8_WLO\ f
f +MUXYaVONQWOX^ 8_WLO\ f
f .K^K f f?f+f:f<f=f0f f
f 9PP]O^f <O]O\`ON f<f-f=f=fCf3f ASXNYa f
f f f1f5f2f>f8f8f f
f -ROMU]_W f ?\QOX^ :YSX^O\ f
f 9Z^SYX] f :KNNSXQ f
f NK^K f
! "
f =Y_\MO f .O]^SXK^SYX f
f :Y\^ f :Y\^ f
f f f
f 6OXQ^R f -ROMU]_W f
f
f NK^K YM^O^]
! " # ! " # ! " #
f >cZO 2K\NaK\O f >cZO :\Y^YMYV f
f 26/8 f :6/8 f 9ZO\K^SYX f
f =/8./< 2+ f
f =/8./< 2+ f =/8./< 3: f
f =/8./< 3: f >+<1/> 2+ f
f >+<1/> 2+ f
f >+<1/> 3: f
+XObY/$*
-YWY _W ZKMY^O `SKTK K^\K`¤] NO _W KZVSMK^S`Y MVSOX^O K^¤ Y RY]^ ]O\`SNY\)
8Y NSKQ\KWK KLKSbY X¥] YL]O\`KWY] _W RY]^ MVSOX^O KL\SXNY _WK MYXObÁY `SK \VYQSX
MYW Y_^\Y RY]^ ]O\`SNY\$
*
0YX^O$ >-:3: KXN .K^K -YWW_XSMK^SYX] +NWSXS]^\K^SYX 1_SNO =_X 7SM\Y]c]^OW]
3XM YM^YLO\ ##" Z
,SLVSYQ\KPSKQO\KV
=_=/ 6SX_bq 3X]^KVVK^SYX -YXPSQ_\K^SYX KXN 0S\]^ =^OZ] 8®\XLO\Q Ø ONSÁY
(VWDDSRVWLODpGHDXWRULDGH5HQDWR0DUWLQLUPDUWLQL#FLSVJDRUJEU!GRXWRUHP)LORVRILD
SHOD 3RQWLItFLD 8QLYHUVLGDGH &DWyOLFD GR 5LR GH -DQHLUR RQGH OHFLRQRX DV GLVFLSOLQDV GH
)LORVRILD GD &LrQFLD H /yJLFD SDUD R &7& )RL EROVLVWD GR &13T DR ORQJR GRV DQRV SyV
JUDGXDomR 8VXiULR H HQWXVLDVWD Ki PDLV GH DQRV GR /LQX[ PDV HVVHQFLDOPHQWH FRPR
XP 6LVWHPD 2SHUDFLRQDO YROWDGR SDUD 5HGH H LJXDOPHQWH DSWR DR FRQKHFLPHQWR H DRV
GHVDILRVDFDGrPLFRVHSHGDJyJLFRVGHQRVVRSDtV
'HVHQYROYH QR PRPHQWR XP VLWH VREUH 6HJXUDQoD HP 5HGHV /LQX[ TXH VHUi KRVSHGDGR
SHOR&,36*$7DPEpPSDUWLFLSDGRGHVHQYROYLPHQWRGHXP
VQLIIHU
R$36VRERVWHUPRV
GD*18*3/FRP&KULVWLDQ6FKXOWH
1XPD HVFROD GD 6HFUHWDULD GH (GXFDomR GR 5LR GH -DQHLUR HP 1LWHUyL GHVHQYROYH XP
/DERUDWyULRFRPXPD5HGH/LQX[SDUDRHQVLQRLQWURGXWyULRGH/LQX[H5HGHVSDUDMRYHQV
GRHQVLQRPpGLR
6HXSURMHWRIXWXURGHHQVLQRWDPEpPpXP&XUVRTXHSURSRQKDDLQWHJUDomRGR/LQX[FRP
RVRXWURV6LVWHPDV2SHUDFLRQDLV81,;WUDGLFLRQDLVWDLVFRPR6&22SHQ6HUYHUR6RODULVHR
)UHH%6'
*18)UHH'RFXPHQWDWLRQ/LFHQVH
9HUVLRQ 0DUFK
35($0%/(
7KH SXUSRVH RI WKLV /LFHQVH LV WR PDNH D PDQXDO WH[WERRN RU RWKHU ZULWWHQ GRFXPHQW IUHH LQ WKH VHQVH RI
IUHHGRP WR DVVXUH HYHU\RQH WKH HIIHFWLYH IUHHGRP WR FRS\ DQG UHGLVWULEXWH LW ZLWK RU ZLWKRXW PRGLI\LQJ LW
HLWKHU FRPPHUFLDOO\ RU QRQFRPPHUFLDOO\ 6HFRQGDULO\ WKLV /LFHQVH SUHVHUYHV IRU WKH DXWKRU DQG SXEOLVKHU D ZD\
WR JHW FUHGLW IRU WKHLU ZRUN ZKLOH QRW EHLQJ FRQVLGHUHG UHVSRQVLEOH IRU PRGLILFDWLRQV PDGH E\ RWKHUV
7KLV /LFHQVH LV D NLQG RI FRS\OHIW ZKLFK PHDQV WKDW GHULYDWLYH ZRUNV RI WKH GRFXPHQW PXVW WKHPVHOYHV EH
IUHH LQ WKH VDPH VHQVH ,W FRPSOHPHQWV WKH *18 *HQHUDO 3XEOLF /LFHQVH ZKLFK LV D FRS\OHIW OLFHQVH GHVLJQHG
IRU IUHH VRIWZDUH
:H KDYH GHVLJQHG WKLV /LFHQVH LQ RUGHU WR XVH LW IRU PDQXDOV IRU IUHH VRIWZDUH EHFDXVH IUHH
VRIWZDUH QHHGV IUHH GRFXPHQWDWLRQ D IUHH SURJUDP VKRXOG FRPH ZLWK PDQXDOV SURYLGLQJ WKH VDPH IUHHGRPV
WKDW WKH VRIWZDUH GRHV %XW WKLV /LFHQVH LV QRW OLPLWHG WR VRIWZDUH PDQXDOV LW FDQ EH XVHG IRU DQ\ WH[WXDO ZRUN
UHJDUGOHVV RI VXEMHFW PDWWHU RU ZKHWKHU LW LV SXEOLVKHG DV D SULQWHG ERRN :H UHFRPPHQG WKLV /LFHQVH
SULQFLSDOO\ IRU ZRUNV ZKRVH SXUSRVH LV LQVWUXFWLRQ RU UHIHUHQFH
$ 0RGLILHG 9HUVLRQ RI WKH 'RFXPHQW PHDQV DQ\ ZRUN FRQWDLQLQJ WKH 'RFXPHQW RU D SRUWLRQ RI LW HLWKHU
FRSLHG YHUEDWLP RU ZLWK PRGLILFDWLRQV DQGRU WUDQVODWHG LQWR DQRWKHU ODQJXDJH
$ 6HFRQGDU\ 6HFWLRQ LV D QDPHG DSSHQGL[ RU D IURQWPDWWHU VHFWLRQ RI WKH 'RFXPHQW WKDW GHDOV H[FOXVLYHO\
ZLWK WKH UHODWLRQVKLS RI WKH SXEOLVKHUV RU DXWKRUV RI WKH 'RFXPHQW WR WKH 'RFXPHQW
V RYHUDOO VXEMHFW RU WR
UHODWHG PDWWHUV DQG FRQWDLQV QRWKLQJ WKDW FRXOG IDOO GLUHFWO\ ZLWKLQ WKDW RYHUDOO VXEMHFW )RU H[DPSOH LI WKH
'RFXPHQW LV LQ SDUW D WH[WERRN RI PDWKHPDWLFV D 6HFRQGDU\ 6HFWLRQ PD\ QRW H[SODLQ DQ\ PDWKHPDWLFV 7KH
UHODWLRQVKLS FRXOG EH D PDWWHU RI KLVWRULFDO FRQQHFWLRQ ZLWK WKH VXEMHFW RU ZLWK UHODWHG PDWWHUV RU RI OHJDO
FRPPHUFLDO SKLORVRSKLFDO HWKLFDO RU SROLWLFDO SRVLWLRQ UHJDUGLQJ WKHP
7KH ,QYDULDQW 6HFWLRQV DUH FHUWDLQ 6HFRQGDU\ 6HFWLRQV ZKRVH WLWOHV DUH GHVLJQDWHG DV EHLQJ WKRVH RI
,QYDULDQW 6HFWLRQV LQ WKH QRWLFH WKDW VD\V WKDW WKH 'RFXPHQW LV UHOHDVHG XQGHU WKLV /LFHQVH
7KH &RYHU 7H[WV DUH FHUWDLQ VKRUW SDVVDJHV RI WH[W WKDW DUH OLVWHG DV )URQW&RYHU 7H[WV RU
%DFN&RYHU 7H[WV LQ WKH QRWLFH WKDW VD\V WKDW WKH 'RFXPHQW LV UHOHDVHG XQGHU WKLV /LFHQVH
$ 7UDQVSDUHQW FRS\ RI WKH 'RFXPHQW PHDQV D PDFKLQHUHDGDEOH FRS\ UHSUHVHQWHG LQ D IRUPDW ZKRVH
VSHFLILFDWLRQ LV DYDLODEOH WR WKH JHQHUDO SXEOLF ZKRVH FRQWHQWV FDQ EH YLHZHG DQG HGLWHG GLUHFWO\ DQG
VWUDLJKWIRUZDUGO\ ZLWK JHQHULF WH[W HGLWRUV RU IRU LPDJHV FRPSRVHG RI SL[HOV JHQHULF SDLQW SURJUDPV RU IRU
GUDZLQJV VRPH ZLGHO\ DYDLODEOH GUDZLQJ HGLWRU DQG WKDW LV VXLWDEOH IRU LQSXW WR WH[W IRUPDWWHUV RU IRU
DXWRPDWLF WUDQVODWLRQ WR D YDULHW\ RI IRUPDWV VXLWDEOH IRU LQSXW WR WH[W IRUPDWWHUV $ FRS\ PDGH LQ DQ RWKHUZLVH
7UDQVSDUHQW ILOH IRUPDW ZKRVH PDUNXS KDV EHHQ GHVLJQHG WR WKZDUW RU GLVFRXUDJH VXEVHTXHQW PRGLILFDWLRQ E\
UHDGHUV LV QRW 7UDQVSDUHQW $ FRS\ WKDW LV QRW 7UDQVSDUHQW LV FDOOHG 2SDTXH
([DPSOHV RI VXLWDEOH IRUPDWV IRU 7UDQVSDUHQW FRSLHV LQFOXGH SODLQ $6&,, ZLWKRXW PDUNXS 7H[LQIR LQSXW IRUPDW
/D7H; LQSXW IRUPDW 6*0/ RU ;0/ XVLQJ D SXEOLFO\ DYDLODEOH '7' DQG
VWDQGDUGFRQIRUPLQJ VLPSOH +70/ GHVLJQHG IRU KXPDQ PRGLILFDWLRQ 2SDTXH IRUPDWV LQFOXGH 3RVW6FULSW 3')
SURSULHWDU\ IRUPDWV WKDW FDQ EH UHDG DQG HGLWHG RQO\ E\ SURSULHWDU\ ZRUG SURFHVVRUV 6*0/ RU ;0/ IRU ZKLFK
WKH '7' DQGRU SURFHVVLQJ WRROV DUH QRW JHQHUDOO\ DYDLODEOH DQG WKH PDFKLQHJHQHUDWHG +70/ SURGXFHG E\
VRPH ZRUG SURFHVVRUV IRU RXWSXW SXUSRVHV RQO\
7KH 7LWOH 3DJH PHDQV IRU D SULQWHG ERRN WKH WLWOH SDJH LWVHOI SOXV VXFK IROORZLQJ SDJHV DV DUH QHHGHG WR
KROG OHJLEO\ WKH PDWHULDO WKLV /LFHQVH UHTXLUHV WR DSSHDU LQ WKH WLWOH SDJH
)RU ZRUNV LQ IRUPDWV ZKLFK GR QRW KDYH DQ\ WLWOH SDJH DV VXFK 7LWOH 3DJH PHDQV WKH WH[W QHDU WKH PRVW
SURPLQHQW DSSHDUDQFH RI WKH ZRUN
V WLWOH SUHFHGLQJ WKH EHJLQQLQJ RI WKH ERG\ RI WKH WH[W
9(5%$7,0 &23<,1*
<RX PD\ FRS\ DQG GLVWULEXWH WKH 'RFXPHQW LQ DQ\ PHGLXP HLWKHU FRPPHUFLDOO\ RU QRQFRPPHUFLDOO\ SURYLGHG
WKDW WKLV /LFHQVH WKH FRS\ULJKW QRWLFHV DQG WKH OLFHQVH QRWLFH VD\LQJ WKLV /LFHQVH DSSOLHV WR WKH 'RFXPHQW DUH
UHSURGXFHG LQ DOO FRSLHV DQG WKDW \RX DGG QR RWKHU FRQGLWLRQV ZKDWVRHYHU WR WKRVH RI WKLV /LFHQVH <RX PD\
QRW XVH WHFKQLFDO PHDVXUHV WR REVWUXFW RU FRQWURO WKH UHDGLQJ RU IXUWKHU FRS\LQJ RI WKH FRSLHV \RX PDNH RU
GLVWULEXWH +RZHYHU \RX PD\ DFFHSW FRPSHQVDWLRQ LQ H[FKDQJH IRU FRSLHV ,I \RX GLVWULEXWH D ODUJH HQRXJK
QXPEHU RI FRSLHV \RX PXVW DOVR IROORZ WKH FRQGLWLRQV LQ VHFWLRQ
<RX PD\ DOVR OHQG FRSLHV XQGHU WKH VDPH FRQGLWLRQV VWDWHG DERYH DQG \RX PD\ SXEOLFO\ GLVSOD\ FRSLHV
&23<,1* ,1 48$17,7<
,I \RX SXEOLVK SULQWHG FRSLHV RI WKH 'RFXPHQW QXPEHULQJ PRUH WKDQ DQG WKH 'RFXPHQW
V OLFHQVH QRWLFH
UHTXLUHV &RYHU 7H[WV \RX PXVW HQFORVH WKH FRSLHV LQ FRYHUV WKDW FDUU\ FOHDUO\ DQG OHJLEO\ DOO WKHVH &RYHU
7H[WV )URQW&RYHU 7H[WV RQ WKH IURQW FRYHU DQG %DFN&RYHU 7H[WV RQ WKH EDFN FRYHU %RWK FRYHUV PXVW DOVR
FOHDUO\ DQG OHJLEO\ LGHQWLI\ \RX DV WKH SXEOLVKHU RI WKHVH FRSLHV 7KH IURQW FRYHU PXVW SUHVHQW WKH IXOO WLWOH ZLWK
DOO ZRUGV RI WKH WLWOH HTXDOO\ SURPLQHQW DQG YLVLEOH <RX PD\ DGG RWKHU PDWHULDO RQ WKH FRYHUV LQ DGGLWLRQ
&RS\LQJ ZLWK FKDQJHV OLPLWHG WR WKH FRYHUV DV ORQJ DV WKH\ SUHVHUYH WKH WLWOH RI WKH 'RFXPHQW DQG VDWLVI\
WKHVH FRQGLWLRQV FDQ EH WUHDWHG DV YHUEDWLP FRS\LQJ LQ RWKHU UHVSHFWV
,I WKH UHTXLUHG WH[WV IRU HLWKHU FRYHU DUH WRR YROXPLQRXV WR ILW OHJLEO\ \RX VKRXOG SXW WKH ILUVW RQHV OLVWHG DV
PDQ\ DV ILW UHDVRQDEO\ RQ WKH DFWXDO FRYHU DQG FRQWLQXH WKH UHVW RQWR
DGMDFHQW SDJHV
,I \RX SXEOLVK RU GLVWULEXWH 2SDTXH FRSLHV RI WKH 'RFXPHQW QXPEHULQJ PRUH WKDQ \RX PXVW HLWKHU LQFOXGH
D PDFKLQHUHDGDEOH 7UDQVSDUHQW FRS\ DORQJ ZLWK HDFK 2SDTXH FRS\ RU VWDWH LQ RU ZLWK HDFK 2SDTXH FRS\ D
SXEOLFO\DFFHVVLEOH FRPSXWHUQHWZRUN ORFDWLRQ FRQWDLQLQJ D FRPSOHWH 7UDQVSDUHQW FRS\ RI WKH 'RFXPHQW IUHH
RI DGGHG PDWHULDO ZKLFK WKH JHQHUDO QHWZRUNXVLQJ SXEOLF KDV DFFHVV WR GRZQORDG DQRQ\PRXVO\ DW QR FKDUJH
XVLQJ SXEOLFVWDQGDUG QHWZRUN SURWRFROV ,I \RX XVH WKH ODWWHU RSWLRQ \RX PXVW WDNH UHDVRQDEO\ SUXGHQW VWHSV
ZKHQ \RX EHJLQ GLVWULEXWLRQ RI 2SDTXH FRSLHV LQ TXDQWLW\ WR HQVXUH WKDW WKLV 7UDQVSDUHQW FRS\ ZLOO UHPDLQ WKXV
DFFHVVLEOH DW WKH VWDWHG ORFDWLRQ XQWLO DW OHDVW RQH \HDU DIWHU WKH ODVW WLPH \RX GLVWULEXWH DQ 2SDTXH FRS\
GLUHFWO\ RU WKURXJK \RXU DJHQWV RU UHWDLOHUV RI WKDW HGLWLRQ WR WKH SXEOLF
,W LV UHTXHVWHG EXW QRW UHTXLUHG WKDW \RX FRQWDFW WKH DXWKRUV RI WKH 'RFXPHQW ZHOO EHIRUH UHGLVWULEXWLQJ DQ\
ODUJH QXPEHU RI FRSLHV WR JLYH WKHP D FKDQFH WR SURYLGH \RX ZLWK DQ XSGDWHG YHUVLRQ RI WKH 'RFXPHQW
02',),&$7,216
<RX PD\ FRS\ DQG GLVWULEXWH D 0RGLILHG 9HUVLRQ RI WKH 'RFXPHQW XQGHU WKH FRQGLWLRQV RI VHFWLRQV DQG
DERYH SURYLGHG WKDW \RX UHOHDVH WKH 0RGLILHG 9HUVLRQ XQGHU SUHFLVHO\ WKLV /LFHQVH ZLWK WKH 0RGLILHG 9HUVLRQ
ILOOLQJ WKH UROH RI WKH 'RFXPHQW WKXV OLFHQVLQJ GLVWULEXWLRQ DQG PRGLILFDWLRQ RI WKH 0RGLILHG 9HUVLRQ WR ZKRHYHU
SRVVHVVHV D FRS\ RI LW ,Q DGGLWLRQ \RX PXVW GR WKHVH WKLQJV LQ WKH 0RGLILHG 9HUVLRQ
$ 8VH LQ WKH 7LWOH 3DJH DQG RQ WKH FRYHUV LI DQ\ D WLWOH GLVWLQFW IURP WKDW RI WKH 'RFXPHQW DQG IURP WKRVH
RI SUHYLRXV YHUVLRQV ZKLFK VKRXOG LI WKHUH ZHUH DQ\ EH OLVWHG LQ WKH +LVWRU\ VHFWLRQ RI WKH 'RFXPHQW
<RX PD\ XVH WKH VDPH WLWOH DV D SUHYLRXV YHUVLRQ LI WKH RULJLQDO SXEOLVKHU RI WKDW YHUVLRQ JLYHV SHUPLVVLRQ
% /LVW RQ WKH 7LWOH 3DJH DV DXWKRUV RQH RU PRUH SHUVRQV RU HQWLWLHV UHVSRQVLEOH IRU DXWKRUVKLS RI WKH
PRGLILFDWLRQV LQ WKH 0RGLILHG 9HUVLRQ WRJHWKHU ZLWK DW OHDVW ILYH RI WKH SULQFLSDO DXWKRUV RI WKH 'RFXPHQW
DOO RI LWV SULQFLSDO DXWKRUV LI LW KDV OHVV WKDQ ILYH
& 6WDWH RQ WKH 7LWOH SDJH WKH QDPH RI WKH SXEOLVKHU RI WKH 0RGLILHG 9HUVLRQ DV WKH SXEOLVKHU
( $GG DQ DSSURSULDWH FRS\ULJKW QRWLFH IRU \RXU PRGLILFDWLRQV DGMDFHQW WR WKH RWKHU FRS\ULJKW QRWLFHV
) ,QFOXGH LPPHGLDWHO\ DIWHU WKH FRS\ULJKW QRWLFHV D OLFHQVH QRWLFH JLYLQJ WKH SXEOLF SHUPLVVLRQ WR XVH WKH
0RGLILHG 9HUVLRQ XQGHU WKH WHUPV RI WKLV /LFHQVH LQ WKH IRUP VKRZQ LQ WKH $GGHQGXP EHORZ
* 3UHVHUYH LQ WKDW OLFHQVH QRWLFH WKH IXOO OLVWV RI ,QYDULDQW 6HFWLRQV DQG UHTXLUHG &RYHU 7H[WV JLYHQ LQ WKH
'RFXPHQW
V OLFHQVH QRWLFH
, 3UHVHUYH WKH VHFWLRQ HQWLWOHG +LVWRU\ DQG LWV WLWOH DQG DGG WR LW DQ LWHP VWDWLQJ DW OHDVW WKH WLWOH \HDU
QHZ DXWKRUV DQG SXEOLVKHU RI WKH 0RGLILHG 9HUVLRQ DV JLYHQ RQ WKH 7LWOH 3DJH ,I WKHUH LV QR VHFWLRQ
HQWLWOHG +LVWRU\ LQ WKH 'RFXPHQW FUHDWH RQH VWDWLQJ WKH WLWOH \HDU DXWKRUV DQG SXEOLVKHU RI WKH
'RFXPHQW DV JLYHQ RQ LWV 7LWOH 3DJH WKHQ DGG DQ LWHP GHVFULELQJ WKH 0RGLILHG 9HUVLRQ DV VWDWHG LQ WKH
SUHYLRXV VHQWHQFH
- 3UHVHUYH WKH QHWZRUN ORFDWLRQ LI DQ\ JLYHQ LQ WKH 'RFXPHQW IRU SXEOLF DFFHVV WR D 7UDQVSDUHQW FRS\ RI WKH
'RFXPHQW DQG OLNHZLVH WKH QHWZRUN ORFDWLRQV JLYHQ LQ WKH 'RFXPHQW IRU SUHYLRXV YHUVLRQV LW ZDV EDVHG RQ
7KHVH PD\ EH SODFHG LQ WKH +LVWRU\ VHFWLRQ <RX PD\ RPLW D QHWZRUN ORFDWLRQ IRU D ZRUN WKDW ZDV
SXEOLVKHG DW OHDVW IRXU \HDUV EHIRUH WKH 'RFXPHQW LWVHOI RU LI WKH RULJLQDO SXEOLVKHU RI WKH YHUVLRQ LW UHIHUV
WR JLYHV SHUPLVVLRQ
/ 3UHVHUYH DOO WKH ,QYDULDQW 6HFWLRQV RI WKH 'RFXPHQW XQDOWHUHG LQ WKHLU WH[W DQG LQ WKHLU WLWOHV 6HFWLRQ
QXPEHUV RU WKH HTXLYDOHQW DUH QRW FRQVLGHUHG SDUW RI WKH VHFWLRQ WLWOHV
0 'HOHWH DQ\ VHFWLRQ HQWLWOHG (QGRUVHPHQWV 6XFK D VHFWLRQ PD\ QRW EH LQFOXGHG LQ WKH 0RGLILHG 9HUVLRQ
1 1 'R QRW UHWLWOH DQ\ H[LVWLQJ VHFWLRQ DV (QGRUVHPHQWV RU WR FRQIOLFW LQ WLWOH ZLWK DQ\ ,QYDULDQW 6HFWLRQ
2 ,I WKH 0RGLILHG 9HUVLRQ LQFOXGHV QHZ IURQWPDWWHU VHFWLRQV RU DSSHQGLFHV WKDW TXDOLI\ DV 6HFRQGDU\ 6HFWLRQV
DQG FRQWDLQ QR PDWHULDO FRSLHG IURP WKH 'RFXPHQW \RX PD\ DW \RXU RSWLRQ GHVLJQDWH VRPH RU DOO RI WKHVH
VHFWLRQV DV LQYDULDQW 7R GR WKLV DGG WKHLU WLWOHV WR WKH OLVW RI ,QYDULDQW 6HFWLRQV LQ WKH 0RGLILHG 9HUVLRQ
V
OLFHQVH QRWLFH 7KHVH WLWOHV PXVW EH GLVWLQFW IURP DQ\ RWKHU VHFWLRQ WLWOHV
<RX PD\ DGG D VHFWLRQ HQWLWOHG (QGRUVHPHQWV SURYLGHG LW FRQWDLQV QRWKLQJ EXW HQGRUVHPHQWV RI \RXU
0RGLILHG 9HUVLRQ E\ YDULRXV SDUWLHVIRU H[DPSOH VWDWHPHQWV RI SHHU UHYLHZ RU WKDW WKH WH[W KDV EHHQ DSSURYHG
E\ DQ RUJDQL]DWLRQ DV WKH DXWKRULWDWLYH GHILQLWLRQ RI D VWDQGDUG
<RX PD\ DGG D SDVVDJH RI XS WR ILYH ZRUGV DV D )URQW&RYHU 7H[W DQG D SDVVDJH RI XS WR ZRUGV DV D %DFN
&RYHU 7H[W WR WKH HQG RI WKH OLVW RI &RYHU 7H[WV LQ WKH 0RGLILHG 9HUVLRQ 2QO\ RQH SDVVDJH RI )URQW&RYHU 7H[W
DQG RQH RI %DFN&RYHU 7H[W PD\ EH DGGHG E\ RU WKURXJK DUUDQJHPHQWV PDGH E\ DQ\ RQH HQWLW\ ,I WKH
'RFXPHQW DOUHDG\ LQFOXGHV D FRYHU WH[W IRU WKH VDPH FRYHU SUHYLRXVO\ DGGHG E\ \RX RU E\ DUUDQJHPHQW PDGH
E\ WKH VDPH HQWLW\ \RX DUH DFWLQJ RQ EHKDOI RI \RX PD\ QRW DGG DQRWKHU EXW \RX PD\ UHSODFH WKH ROG RQH RQ
H[SOLFLW SHUPLVVLRQ IURP WKH SUHYLRXV SXEOLVKHU WKDW DGGHG WKH ROG RQH
7KH DXWKRUV DQG SXEOLVKHUV RI WKH 'RFXPHQW GR QRW E\ WKLV /LFHQVH JLYH SHUPLVVLRQ WR XVH WKHLU QDPHV IRU
SXEOLFLW\ IRU RU WR DVVHUW RU LPSO\ HQGRUVHPHQW RI DQ\ 0RGLILHG 9HUVLRQ
&20%,1,1* '2&80(176
<RX PD\ FRPELQH WKH 'RFXPHQW ZLWK RWKHU GRFXPHQWV UHOHDVHG XQGHU WKLV /LFHQVH XQGHU WKH WHUPV GHILQHG LQ
VHFWLRQ DERYH IRU PRGLILHG YHUVLRQV SURYLGHG WKDW \RX LQFOXGH LQ WKH FRPELQDWLRQ DOO RI WKH ,QYDULDQW 6HFWLRQV
RI DOO RI WKH RULJLQDO GRFXPHQWV XQPRGLILHG DQG OLVW WKHP DOO DV ,QYDULDQW 6HFWLRQV RI \RXU FRPELQHG ZRUN LQ LWV
OLFHQVH QRWLFH
7KH FRPELQHG ZRUN QHHG RQO\ FRQWDLQ RQH FRS\ RI WKLV /LFHQVH DQG PXOWLSOH LGHQWLFDO ,QYDULDQW 6HFWLRQV PD\
EH UHSODFHG ZLWK D VLQJOH FRS\ ,I WKHUH DUH PXOWLSOH ,QYDULDQW 6HFWLRQV ZLWK WKH VDPH QDPH EXW GLIIHUHQW
FRQWHQWV PDNH WKH WLWOH RI HDFK VXFK VHFWLRQ XQLTXH E\ DGGLQJ DW WKH HQG RI LW LQ SDUHQWKHVHV WKH QDPH RI WKH
RULJLQDO DXWKRU RU SXEOLVKHU RI WKDW VHFWLRQ LI NQRZQ RU HOVH D XQLTXH QXPEHU 0DNH WKH VDPH DGMXVWPHQW WR
WKH VHFWLRQ WLWOHV LQ WKH OLVW RI ,QYDULDQW 6HFWLRQV LQ WKH OLFHQVH QRWLFH RI WKH FRPELQHG ZRUN
,Q WKH FRPELQDWLRQ \RX PXVW FRPELQH DQ\ VHFWLRQV HQWLWOHG +LVWRU\ LQ WKH YDULRXV RULJLQDO GRFXPHQWV
IRUPLQJ RQH VHFWLRQ HQWLWOHG +LVWRU\ OLNHZLVH FRPELQH DQ\ VHFWLRQV HQWLWOHG $FNQRZOHGJHPHQWV DQG DQ\
VHFWLRQV HQWLWOHG 'HGLFDWLRQV <RX PXVW GHOHWH DOO VHFWLRQV HQWLWOHG (QGRUVHPHQWV
&2//(&7,216 2) '2&80(176
<RX PD\ PDNH D FROOHFWLRQ FRQVLVWLQJ RI WKH 'RFXPHQW DQG RWKHU GRFXPHQWV UHOHDVHG XQGHU WKLV /LFHQVH DQG
UHSODFH WKH LQGLYLGXDO FRSLHV RI WKLV /LFHQVH LQ WKH YDULRXV GRFXPHQWV ZLWK D VLQJOH FRS\ WKDW LV LQFOXGHG LQ WKH
FROOHFWLRQ SURYLGHG WKDW \RX IROORZ WKH UXOHV RI WKLV /LFHQVH IRU YHUEDWLP FRS\LQJ RI HDFK RI WKH GRFXPHQWV LQ
DOO RWKHU UHVSHFWV
<RX PD\ H[WUDFW D VLQJOH GRFXPHQW IURP VXFK D FROOHFWLRQ DQG GLVWULEXWH LW LQGLYLGXDOO\ XQGHU WKLV /LFHQVH
SURYLGHG \RX LQVHUW D FRS\ RI WKLV /LFHQVH LQWR WKH H[WUDFWHG GRFXPHQW DQG IROORZ WKLV /LFHQVH LQ DOO RWKHU
UHVSHFWV UHJDUGLQJ YHUEDWLP FRS\LQJ RI WKDW GRFXPHQW
75$16/$7,21
7UDQVODWLRQ LV FRQVLGHUHG D NLQG RI PRGLILFDWLRQ VR \RX PD\ GLVWULEXWH WUDQVODWLRQV RI WKH
'RFXPHQW XQGHU WKH WHUPV RI VHFWLRQ 5HSODFLQJ ,QYDULDQW 6HFWLRQV ZLWK WUDQVODWLRQV UHTXLUHV HVSHFLDO
SHUPLVVLRQ IURP WKHLU FRS\ULJKW KROGHUV EXW \RX PD\ LQFOXGH WUDQVODWLRQV RI VRPH RU DOO ,QYDULDQW 6HFWLRQV LQ
DGGLWLRQ WR WKH RULJLQDO YHUVLRQV RI WKHVH ,QYDULDQW 6HFWLRQV <RX PD\ LQFOXGH D WUDQVODWLRQ RI WKLV /LFHQVH
SURYLGHG WKDW \RX DOVR LQFOXGH WKH RULJLQDO (QJOLVK YHUVLRQ RI WKLV /LFHQVH ,Q FDVH RI D GLVDJUHHPHQW EHWZHHQ
WKH WUDQVODWLRQ DQG WKH RULJLQDO (QJOLVK YHUVLRQ RI WKLV /LFHQVH WKH RULJLQDO (QJOLVK YHUVLRQ ZLOO SUHYDLO
7(50,1$7,21
<RX PD\ QRW FRS\ PRGLI\ VXEOLFHQVH RU GLVWULEXWH WKH 'RFXPHQW H[FHSW DV H[SUHVVO\ SURYLGHG IRU XQGHU WKLV
/LFHQVH $Q\ RWKHU DWWHPSW WR FRS\ PRGLI\ VXEOLFHQVH RU GLVWULEXWH WKH 'RFXPHQW LV YRLG DQG ZLOO
DXWRPDWLFDOO\ WHUPLQDWH \RXU ULJKWV XQGHU WKLV /LFHQVH +RZHYHU SDUWLHV ZKR KDYH UHFHLYHG FRSLHV RU ULJKWV
IURP \RX XQGHU WKLV /LFHQVH ZLOO QRW KDYH WKHLU OLFHQVHV WHUPLQDWHG VR ORQJ DV VXFK SDUWLHV UHPDLQ LQ IXOO
FRPSOLDQFH
(DFK YHUVLRQ RI WKH /LFHQVH LV JLYHQ D GLVWLQJXLVKLQJ YHUVLRQ QXPEHU ,I WKH 'RFXPHQW VSHFLILHV WKDW D SDUWLFXODU
QXPEHUHG YHUVLRQ RI WKLV /LFHQVH RU DQ\ ODWHU YHUVLRQ DSSOLHV WR LW \RX KDYH WKH RSWLRQ RI IROORZLQJ WKH WHUPV
DQG FRQGLWLRQV HLWKHU RI WKDW VSHFLILHG YHUVLRQ RU RI DQ\ ODWHU YHUVLRQ WKDW KDV EHHQ SXEOLVKHG QRW DV D GUDIW
E\ WKH )UHH 6RIWZDUH )RXQGDWLRQ ,I WKH 'RFXPHQW GRHV QRW VSHFLI\ D YHUVLRQ QXPEHU RI WKLV /LFHQVH \RX PD\
FKRRVH DQ\ YHUVLRQ HYHU SXEOLVKHG QRW DV D GUDIW E\ WKH )UHH 6RIWZDUH )RXQGDWLRQ
,I \RX KDYH QR ,QYDULDQW 6HFWLRQV ZULWH ZLWK QR ,QYDULDQW 6HFWLRQV LQVWHDG RI VD\LQJ ZKLFK
RQHV DUH LQYDULDQW ,I \RX KDYH QR )URQW&RYHU 7H[WV ZULWH QR )URQW&RYHU 7H[WV LQVWHDG RI )URQW&RYHU
7H[WV EHLQJ /,67 OLNHZLVH IRU %DFN&RYHU 7H[WV
,I \RXU GRFXPHQW FRQWDLQV QRQWULYLDO H[DPSOHV RI SURJUDP FRGH ZH UHFRPPHQG UHOHDVLQJ WKHVH H[DPSOHV LQ
SDUDOOHO XQGHU \RXU FKRLFH RI IUHH VRIWZDUH OLFHQVH VXFK DV WKH *18 *HQHUDO 3XEOLF /LFHQVH WR SHUPLW WKHLU XVH
LQ IUHH VRIWZDUH
&RPLWrGH,QFHQWLYRD3URGXomRGR
6RIWZDUH*UDWXLWRH$OWHUQDWLYR
1ª Diretoria
'LUHWRU([HFXWLYR
dvalois@cxpostal.com
CIPSGA
Rua Professora Ester de Melo, numero 202,
Parte, Benfica, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, CEP. 20930-010;
Telefone (Fax/Dados): 021-5564201;
e-mail: administracao@cipsga.org.br
CNPJ: 03179614-0001/70