Buddhism was founded by Gautama Buddha (born as Siddhartha Gautama). He was born in 563 B.C. ina Sakya Kshatriya family in Kapilavastu. His father headed the republican clan of Sakyas and mother was a Kosalan rincess. He was married to princess Yashodhara and had a son named Rahul. He left his family (Mahabhinishkramana) at the age of 29 in the quest to solve the misery in the world. After wandering for several He was given the title of years, he finally achieved Buddha or Tathagata or enlightenment (nirvana) at ‘Sakyamuni. Bodh Gaya under a pipal tree. He delivered his first sermon He passed away (Mahaparinirvana) at (Dhammachakraparivartan) at Sarnath the age of 80 in 483 B.C. at Kusinagar. in Banaras. ‘Symbols of 5 great events of Buddha's Life: aca ed PRU kd recommended by Buddha for the Cred Cun as Conse Right observation ‘Sorrow: The world is full of sorrow. Right determination Cause of Sorrow: The cause of sorrows Right speech i is desire. Prevention of Sorrow: Man can get rid of sorrow by triumphing over the desires. Right action Right livelihood The Path of Prevention of Sorrow: Man can avoid sorrow by following the Ashtang Marg or the eightfold path. Right exercise Right memory Right meditation Buddha also laid down a code of en esa CUT) Cees rc kd Pee em ase aU Sein Do not covet the property of others. Do not commit violence. Do not use intoxicants. Do not speak a lie. Do not indulge in corrupt practices. Hinayana Mahayana © Hinayana is the orthodox, conservative © Mahayana is the liberal school of school of Buddhism emphasizing on strict Buddhism which interprets Buddha's personal discipline. teachings logically. © Itis known as the ‘lesser vehicle’ as lesser © Itis known as the ‘greater vehicle’ as it amount of people can reach promises spiritual liberation to a large enlightenment through it. number of people. © Itdoes not believe in idol worst © This sect believes in Idol Worship. © twas patronized by Asoka. © {twas patronized by Kanishka. © Hinayana scholars used Pali as a © Mahayana scholars used Sanskrit as a medium of propagation. medium of propagation. Vajrayana Buddhism © Itmainly emphasizes on Tantras. Zen Buddhism © Itfocuses more on spiritual breakthroughs and lesser on scriptures. © Itis mostly famous in Japan WITT POLS BLES Liter ee utta Pitaka Itis a collection of sermons of the Buddha Vinaya Pitaka It contains the rules of monastic life for monks and nuns It is an extensive body of texts constituting the basic doctrinal section of the Buddhist canon. Itis the book of discipline It contains interpretations and analyses of Buddhist concept. It contains 7 works which mainly deal with the philosophy and doctrine of Buddhism. AS 7 ere Teed Rajgriha Gahakaatans Vinaya Pitaka and Sutta Pitaka were recited. First split in Buddhism with the Vaishali Sabakami split in Mahasanghikas and Sthaviravadinis over rules of monastic discipline, Moggaliputta Tissa Abhidhamma Pitaka was codified vecuniital Division between Hinayana and Mahayana sects. 0 Abhaya Mudra (Gesture of Protection) © This gesture is also called "fearless mudra’. © Generally, this position is shown with the palms(s) facing outward and the fingers extended upwards. 0 Vitarka Mudra (Gesture of Argument) © Also called "discussion" mudra. © Intthis gesture the tips of thumb and index finger touched forming a circle. All the other fingers are extended upwards. 0 Bhumisparsha Mudra (Gesture of Witness) © This gesture is also called ‘calling the earth to witness" mudra. © The right arm hangs down over the right knee. The hand with the palm turned inward and all the fingers extended downward with the finger touching the lotus throne. The left hand lies on the lap with palm upward. © This gesture symbolizes Shakyamuni’ victory over Mara. 0 & Dhyana Mudra (Gesture of Meditation) © Itis also called Samadhi or Yoga Mudra. © Both hands are placed on the lap, right hand on left with fingers fully stretched and the palms facing upwards. 0 Dharma Chakra Pravartana Mudra (Gesture of Teaching) © inthis gesture both hands are held against the chest, the left facing inward, covering the right. facing outward. The index finger and the thumb of each hand making a circle. Vajra Mudra (Gesture of Knowledge Fist) © The right hand makes a fist, thumb enclosed, index finger extended upward, palm out; the left hand forms a fist, palm inward and encloses the extended index finger. *VISIONIAS INSPIRING INNOVATION