1¢C. Adaptati nil Humans are not as strong 4° some @! humans make spears for hunting vive a acks. By doing SO wild animals’ att ave high intelligence and plants do not hi selves. food and defend them: ns will try to find Ww In short, all organist the main goal of any adaptations is 10 ensu extinction of its kind. ‘there are many adaptations that We cal als such as ele ysto survive. T! re that the organ! phants, but in order tg Su them from the heat, My Fin, nd keep increasing on Earth, 4,’ nimay, put they have a certain way to oy, tan his is what we call as ada, Prati lon, isms can survive and py, eve 1 find in organisms. We Can group y, e adaptations into three main groups. They are: No. Type of Detail [Examples | Adaptation a. | Structural ‘Adaptation in the form |« Cats have claws and sharp teeth (Morphological) | of special oF unique | to capture and rip their prey, body shapes. © Dolphins have streamline body shape that helps them swim| faster. y Chickens produce — digestive] b._| Physiological ‘Adaptation in the form of special function of the internal organ inside the organism. enzyme called amylase to digest | carbohydrates found in grains. * Snake fangs produce venom to paralyze Its prey. | Behavioral ‘Adaptation which relates to the behavior and action of the organisms, ‘© Hippopotamus wallows in the mud to protect their bodY from the hot sun. © Wolves hunt in pack 5° they ca" tackle bigger prey1. Adaptation to Obtain Food Food is a requirement for any living things. No wonder, many adaptations happen to help the organisms to get food. a. Teeth Shape Teeth help animals to cut and soften their food. Based on their food, animals can be grouped into carnivores, herbivores and omnivores. They eat differently and need different set of teeth to handle the food. Carnivores eat flesh. Most carnivores will have sharp and big canines which help them to tear their food. Herbivores eat parts of plants, Since most plants’ parts are harder to be broken down, they need to be ground. Herbivores have strong molars and premolars to do this job. Molars and premolars are flat so they can be used to grind and crush plants’ parts. molars and premolars aA se2,, canines B sre 7 Herbivore | .2°°\o° Carnivore HEI : NY eat 408 Omnivores eat other animals and plants. In this group, almost all types of teeth grow in more or less the same size since all of them are needed to handle various kinds of food. b. Beak and Bill Shape Similar like the teeth shape, the shape of beaks will adjust to the food of the birds. Let us see some examples of beak and bill shapes: No. Beak/Bill Characteristics Food Pointed, strong, | Small mammals, curvy at the front, | fish, snake used to tear flesh Year 6 Science 9r pointed ne. used! | nsec, ty dt , , tomake holes 0 85 fy the trees Faigand one bil, |Fish, Frog, have pouch to Scoop fish Maasai Thick and short ns, fag 4 beak, used to crush seeds or grains Tong pointed beak, | Nectar : work like a straw to suck nectar Hummingbird 2. Adaptation for Protection against Predators Predatory animals usually have the ability to move quickly and have a body structure that makes them able to paralyze their prey. The prey animals are usually not as strong and quick as their predators. However, these animals have the ability to protect themselves from their enemies or predators, a. Camoufiage change the color of its outer 0 7 ering to resemble the environment. 5°” Year 6 Science 10 eaetaeaalea dan iaduaainao tan iad anne Ere ———dorganisms that are famous for their camouflage ability are octopus, leafy sea dragon, tree lizard, and dead leaf butterfly Autotomy Itis the ability to cut off the body part when the organism is in danger. This will usually distract the predator and the organism can use this chance to escape Lizards escape from their enemies by cutting off their tail. Although it has been cut off, the tail still can move and makes the enemies confused. Shell Shell is a hard outer covering on animal body. It is a very effective way to protect weak animals from stronger predators, Tortoises protect themselves with a shell. A tortoise’s shell is called carapace. The carapace is bonded with his body. When feeling threatened, the tortoise will pull its head and legs into its carapace. ‘Some other animals with shell are snails and shellfish. Spines and Thorns Spines and thorns are pointed structures that cover some of organisms’ body. This adaptation can be found in animals and plants. Hedgehogs and puffer fish are some animals which have spines while roses and cacti are plants which are well known for their thorns.Scent Gland a bad some animals protect tersees BY Producing 2 Bad odor, The | me anim Skunks can relea "=m, vomber beetles. SE Odo, Pro, the rice ear bug, skunks, and b " i jing it Neg lands nits rear pat Shunk release ths BY SPFAVINE IE £0 the en The 4s distance can reach up to three meters. AS a result, the enemy wij) leave 7 mr es ; 7 this stench. This substance can also make the enemies’ eyes bling, Se ¥ Another example is the bombardier beetle which is a type of insect y at jg expert in producing gas, When the predator chases them, the beetles firey * ey 25 with an eruption sound tothe enemy. Usvally the enemy wit fe, ry iy 8 at the beetles manage to escape. me3. Adaptation to Cope with Environment Condition It is not easy to survive in the nature. Some organisms develop special adaptations that enable them to handle the condition of the environment where they live a. Thick Fur For animals that live in cold areas, thick fur is important to protect them. Thick fur traps their body heat and covers the body from cold air. Some animals such as polar bear, artic fox and yak are known for their thick fur. b. Blubber Some animals have heat insulator inside their bodies. They use their thick body fat to cover them from cold. This body fat or blubber is so effective that it can even protect the whales and seals when they swim in icy cold water of arctic. c. Hibernate When animals hibernate, it means that they are going into a deep and prolonged sleep. Animals mostly do this in the winter when the temperature outside is very cold and food is hard to find. Different animals follow different patterns of hibernation. Animals can put themselves into a deep sleep for as long as several months. Some animals that hibernate are bears, chipmunks, dormice, hedgehogs and bats.from one py * mae ps of certain animals move Place grou Each year, '° another, me f miles in the spring and then thousands Of miles back in they travel thousands of ed migrations. Animals migrate with the change of th al These long trips “ migrate to find warmer weather, better fy and the seasons. od SUP plies, to Some animals that migr; 8 safe, th to their young. Sor imals that migrate ae catiboy, 7 10 give birt! place to gl ribo id salmon, Canadian geese, gray whales ani terns, animals make the longest migration of any animals in Arctic terns the worg & hs, they travel from the northern Arctic all the way across th a ‘months, they tre ' Planet to ip distance jg in six months later. The roundtrip distan, Then back agal Close to 0.000 km ids. They can and fast flying birds. ic terns are strong Fortunately, Arcti make the trip in about days. “ have a unique round trip migration that they Salmons *Y Make once during their in fr When they are born, they hatch from an egg lifetime. sh water. Then th i live the majority of their im downriver and li and eventually swim eV Brow 8M. When i, BBS. Soon after lives in the og, 's time for them to spawn, they return to where they w born to lay e turn to where they were is to spawn, is ti 7 # kilometer from the ocean y migrate hundreds o D die, Some salmons laying eggs, they he Chinook salmon swim 1,400 km up to the river and climb neatly 2,009 to the river. The ; ™ of altitude when making their Migration home.Long Roots Some a ‘as have a very limited water supply. Thus, the organisms that live there need to find ways to collect water. Some plants that live in a dry area such as desert have long roots to search water deep under the ground. The roots can grow until few hundred meters away from the plants’ main trunk. Most desert plants such as mesquite trees are known for having long roots system. Another advantage of having long roots is that they provide strong support and enable the plants to grow into gigantic size. Special Limbs Limbs enable animals to move more easily from place to place. Having proper limbs enable animals to hunt more easily or escape from their Predators. Here are some limbs that have been adapted to the need of a particular organism, Limbs Characteristics Organism Feet are covered by a layer of skin. | Duck, frog, Webbed feet increase the force | beaver that is created when the animals pedal in water. Streamlined body shape reduces | Fish, seal, the air or water resistance that | dolphin againsts the movement of the organism.This shape is narrow at Streamlined body shape the front, broad at the middle section and narrow again at the Tear section of the organism's body. Like weebed feet, flippers are limbs | Turtle, seal, that produce extra force when the | dolphin, animals pedal their way in water. | penguin FlipperFins e thrust. and control Trias gener" lami at of the fish, such as | vee! - jen urn or staying balanced aking mer there are a few types of ‘. in wate second dorsal fi _ Fish, wag dolphins in —{—> caudal fin anal fin _ ————_ | pelvic fin nique limbs. They ean | Birds, bay Wings are (mammals) and chitin layers ma (insects). These structures provide thrust that is able to push the organisms’ body up to the sky. ade from feathers (birds), skin | some insects be mi (bee, butterfy, fly, etc) Hoof Hoof is @ hard nail-like case that covers the foot of some mammals. Hoof gives protection from rough surface. Deer, giraffe, horse \s Powerful eg muscles Some animals have extremely strong leg muscles that enable them to move or jump faster than Most — other animals. These Powerful leg musles are important for escaping from their Predator, Kangaroo, horse, frogLarge padded feet The condition of the environment may hinder the movement of the animals. To handle snowy, sandy and muddy conditions, some animals have large padded feet. These feet help to distribute their body weight so they do not sink in the snow or sand. The pad also increases the friction between the foot and ground surface so the animals can walk on a slippery surface. Camel, elephant, bear(1D. Special Charai teristics of Organisms : eee characteristes. these characteris is unique and has Its own character Naracteristics ay, 5 is unique @ * ‘very organi from another, but also help the organism 10 suryiyy rganism one ore peclal characteristics, only distinguish ve : habitat, Let us see some organisms wit 1. Chameleon on isa reptile that canbe found Inthe bushes Or on trees, Heats inars, Chamel . utterfes, dragonflies, or grasshoppers. It often tricks its prey by staying at 1, utterflies, z The chameleon’s scales can change color. It can blend with the colours of thy n a tree. The cl to its surrounding which makes the chameleon invisible rd te prey or predator. This colour changing is also used to L communicate with other chameleons. When a prey is = endangered because they are easy to catch and they have Slow reproductive rate.2 Endangered Plants a. Rafflesia The Latin name of this pl i plant can be found in Sumat uniqueness of Rafflesia Is that, tem ai plant does not have 2 root, st ‘bs foot because it sticks onto and absort I ,, The sme! It is famous for its rotten od0U" sia. . tohelp the pollination of Raffle ee Flee in ots weigh up to 90 kB. This plant is it a rotting smell he corpse flower because it produces also known as the co Titan arum was first found ro reach 4 meters in height and its like a corpse. wdalwood (Santalum) / — .d tree is well known for its unique fragrance. Its. trunk is large with dark Sandalwoo brown bark. The wood is yellowish white. Many people love the artworks made of own bark, cs andalwood. The nice-smelling sandalwood oil is also used as a cosmetic ingredient and si 1, medicine. Sandalwood is found in Nusa Tenggara, East Java and Sulawesi. d, Jamblang (Java Plum) Jamblang tree has many branches and can reach up to 8-20 meters in height. Its fruit i edible. The color of its ripe fruit is blackish Purple and it tastes sweet and sour. If we eat the ‘rit, it wil eave a bluish colour on our tongue and teeth, e Eldelweiss Edelweiss is well known as the eternal flower. This plant Brows in the meadows, edelweiss can be found in Su in the mountains. In Indonesia, matra, Java and Bali.