HKDSE Chemistry Corrosion of Metals and their protection e—_—_S I. Corrosion of Metals The reaction of a metal with air, water or other substances in the surroundings, leading to gradual deterioration of the metal, is called corrosion. Ul, What conditions are required for rusting to occur? A. Experiment to show water and oxygen are major factors for rusting of iron. Test tube 1 Test tube 2 Test tube 3 No water No oxygen water + oxygen anhydrous ” Ca Cb 5 oil / boiled distilled distilled water water Test tube 1 ‘The anhydrous calcium chloride absorbs moisture in air. ~.Nowaterin test tube 1 > rusting does not occur in this test tube. Test tube 2 The distilled water is boiled in order to remove dissolved oxygen in water. The oil is to prevent oxygen redissolve into the water. +-No oxygen in test tube 2 > rusting does not occur in this test tube.HKDSE Chemistry Corrosion of Metals and their protection SEE B. Rate of Rusting Corrosion of iron involves 2 steps. Step 1; Oxygen is needed : COIS Felsl->FeMiaa)+2e (oxidation) (rast) (7 01 (g) +2 HO) +4 & > 4 OF (ag) (reduction) Wt med FeO, +nH4,0 Tron (BB) — blk Step 2: - ° Hyhtelin ovie — brown AFe?* (aq) + O2 (g) + (4+2n) H20 (I) = 2Fe03en H20 + 8 H’ (aq) (slow) C. Test for rusting {ron nail distiled water with a Hexocy ater Dion 3+ Don ap 3+: Fermate solution C=! Fc.) a, blue complex Cink} Pepe (Xshepelys) te fe OM ion (rot, relote))HKDSE Chemistry Corrosion of Metals and their protection Ill. What factors affect the rate of rusting? ‘The rate of rusting can be affected by the following factors: a Electrolytes cont elebicy by mobile ions (oquecns solution Rate of rusting would be increase if electrolytes/minerals presence. Contact with less/ more reactive metals When contact with less reactive metals, rate of rusting increases. ot, When contact with more reactive metals rate of rusting decreases. Ey Mo+ bts My Fe acidic/ alkaline medium fo + 2H'> fe Hy Rate of rusting would Pefacrese under acidic medium. from ocid Jecrense <—$ alla - : Temperature rae <— allt our > 0+ 21,04 fe Ibabie Fela libri oe ‘As the temperature increase, the rate of rusting increase. 3 4oH” > Opt 2H0t Ye" ; Gen 02+ 2H,04 fe AH hut 40H 3K 0) + 2H,O+ te Thon he” > tate of rustyHKDSE Chemistry Corrosion of Metals and their protection ee IV. How to prevent rusting to occur? 1, Prevent contact with water/oxygen a. painting e.g. bridge, car body b. coated with pasticeg coat hangers i, psoas coated with other metals e.g. tin can, chromium-plated bath tap d. coated with grease or oil e.g. woodworking tools 2. Using Alloys Stainless steel 3. Sacrificial protection Contact with a more reactive metal. e.g. underground water pipe zinc block on ship body. Ship body protected from corrosion by zinc block and Bridge protected from corrosion by coated with paint coated with paint 4, Electrical protection Connect the negative pole of the battery of car to the car body. — electronHKDSE Chemistry Corrosion of Metals and their protection Sanne V. Tin-coating vs Zinc coating (Galvanizing) Nov- poisonous > v/ fo) store 09 fio cons Tin coating is damaged Tin is less reactive than iron. When the surface of tin coating is damaged, electrons flow from iron to tin, ‘The rate of rusting will be faster than usual. Zinc ion — poisonous ~7 Y feo) storage Zinc coating is damaged Zinc is more reactive than iron, When the surface of zinc coating is damaged, electrons flow from zinc to iron. ‘The rate of rusting will be slower than usual, itis so called “sacrificial protection”. Fine broken For gohan bjects with the sure lagr of AAR pt Fam cron 0 anc wil be pr 7 Jin ves os hoboHKDSE Chemistry Corrosion of Metals and their protection ee VI. Does Aluminium Corrode? 1. Protective oxide layer of aluminium Al surfoce oxidiied Al ‘Aluminium reacts rapidly with oxygen to form a thin layer of oxide, not more than 10m thick. (2015 9s€ 1BQ3) This extremely thin oxide layer is virtually non-porous to water. So, the aluminium is completely a jm iS i protected from further oxidation. \|,03 is inpermesble to water oxygen (/ air) Pas corrsion of oluminie 2. Aifodiztion of aluminium In order to protect the aluminium even more, it is possible to increase the thickness of the oxide layer to about 10 m by anodization. Anode | Cathode at the anode: 40H (aq) > 02 (g) + 2H20 (I) + de” Aluminium Oxygen is produced. Oxygen released at the anode combines with the aluminium and thickens the oxide layer. dilute sulphuric. acid (Ele ‘OF Sodium Window frames signHKDSE Chemistry Corrosion of Metals and their protection Revision Exercise Zine iron neil copper strip sip Rus indicator solution (a) Write down the observation in A (iron nail with zinc) and B (iron nail with copper) after some time. (b) Explain your observation in B (iron nail with copper). (c) The Government of a certain country is going to use either zinc or copper to coat iron coins to replace the old silver coins as silver is too expensive. If you were the chemist of that country, which metal would you suggest to use? Explain. (d) Besides electroplating, suggest another method of using zinc to prevent rusting. (6 marks) 2. In the following diagram, metal X is iron air tap water with rusting indicator | neta X Iron (a) What would be observed in the above experiment? (b)_ Ifthe tap water is replaced by di illed water, what would be the change of the rate of rusting. Explain (c)__ If the metal block x is replaced by a zinc block, what would be observed? Explain your answer briefly. (7 marks)HKDSE Chemistry Corrosion of Metals and their protection 3. The following experimental setup is used to investigate the rusting process under different conditions. D (a) State TWO cont ions necessary for rusting to occur. (b) Which nail in the above test tubes would rust at the fastest rate? Explain. (c) What is the function of (i) anhydrous calcium chloride in tube A; (ii) oil in tube B? (d) (i) Describe what you would observe in test tube E. Explain your answer. (ii) Name another metal which can replace magnesium to give the same result. {e) (i) Food cans are made up of steel sheets coated with tin. How does the tin coating protect the steel from corrosion? (ii) What happens to the steel if the coat of tin is damaged? (f) The different parts of the bicycle are treated in different ways to prevent rusting. Suggest, with possible reasons, ONE suitable method for treatment for (i) the handlebar; (ii) the frame; (ii) the chain.HKDSE Chemistry Corrosion of Metals and their protection ss Answer 1. (a) Some blue substances will be formed at the tips of B. 1 In A, no observation/ colourless gas bubbles will be formed on Zn. 1 (b) The blue colour appears, showing that the iron nail rusts/ Fe”*is formed. 1 copper is less reactive than iron, causing iron to lose electron more easily. 1 (9) 2n Zn can protect iron from rusting even the surface is scratched off. 1 OR Cu Cu is more corrosion resistant and it can protect the iron well. (y) (4) Connecting Zn to iron by an electrical wire ee 2. (a) Ablue coloured solution obtained. a {b) The rate of rusting decrease since there is no electrolytes for conductivities of water, 141 (c) The rate of rusting decreases. al The solution become is pale blue/ No observable change 1 Zinc is more reactive than iron. 1 Zinc gives electrons to iron. 1 3. (a) Water and oxygen (in air). 1 (b) D. Because sodium chloride is an electrolyte which can speed up rusting, 1 (6) (i) To absorb moisture in the 1 (ii) To prevent air from dissolving into the water. 1 (4) (i) No rusting occur/ colourless gas bubbles formed on surface. 1 Because magnesium is more reactive than iron and it can prevent iron from rusting by sacrificial protection. a (ii) Zine, 1 (e) (i) Tin-plating prevent the contact of iron with oxygen (in air) and water. 1 (li) The steel corrodes much faster. 1 (f) (i) Chromium-plating (hard coating, good protection) 1 (ii) Painting (cheap) 1 (iii) Oil or greasing (reduce fiction) 1HKDSE Chemistry Corrosion of Metals and their protection 10HKDSE Chemistry Corrosion of Metals and their protection