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CHAPTER 5
Summary of Findings, Conclusions, and Recommendations
​This chapter presents the summary of findings, conclusions and
recommendations of the research entitled “The Relationship of Selected
Demographic Variables and Student Academic Performance.”
Summary of Findings
​Based on the results of findings, the following are enumerated:
1. Demographic Profile
1.1 Age
​Majority of the respondents were within the ages of 19-21 years
old while least of them were within the ages of 25 and above.
1.2 Gender
​Majority of the respondents were female.
1.3 Year Level
​Majorityof the respondents were from 3
rd
year level and the
th
least of them were from 6 year level.
1.4 School
​Majority of the students were from the School of Dentistry and
the least of them were from School of Nursing.
2. Survey Proper
2.1 Distance
​The study revealed that most of the respondents who live less
than 5 kilometers from the university, are most likely to obtain an
excellent grade between 1.51-2.00, 79 respondents who live 5-10
kilometers usually get a satisfactory grade between 2.01-2.50, 36
respondents who are 11-15 kilometers away from the university have
fairly satisfactory grades between 2.51-3.00, 35 respondents who are
16-20 kilometers away usually get very satisfactory grades between
1.51-2.00 and the respondents who live more than 20 kilometers away
from the university obtain satisfactory grades between 2.01-2.50.
​This explains that distance doesn’t greatly affect academic
performance of students because the level of significance as to
distance as seen on Table 16, clearly shows that students who reside
16-20 kilometers away from the university could still get a very
satisfactory grade which is higher than students who reside 11-15
kilometers away that usually get a fairly satisfactory grade. This shows
that it does not necessarily mean that as the distance gets farther, the
grades also get lower.
2.2 Type of Housing
The study revealed that 161 respondents who reside in a dormitory
get a satisfactory grade from 2.01-2.50, and 256 respondents who reside
in their home residence also obtain a satisfactory grade from 2.01-2.50.
It implies that academic performance of students who used to stay
in a dormitory doesn’t substantially differ with that of students who used to
reside in a home residence.
2.3 Type of High School
The study revealed that 182 of the respondents were from private
non-sectarian, majority of which get a very satisfactory grade of 1.51-2.00.
While 167 of the respondents were from private sectarian, majority of

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 which usually get a satisfactory grade of 2.01-2.50. While 68 of the
respondents were from public, and majority of which get a very
satisfactory grade of 1.51-2.00.
The study also revealed that the type of high school has a
relationship to academic performance of the students for the reason that
the school one attends is the institutional environment that sets the
parameters of a student’s learning experience. Students who graduated
from private non-sectarian and public schools got the highest grade of
very satisfactory which ranges from 1.51-2.00. This result is supported by
the study of Sampson (2004) which noted that private schools have
alternate sources of funding, higher level of discipline and are very
selective. This is why they tend to have higher academic performance
than students from other schools. Also, public schools expose the
students to diversity in which the student body can be an important
learning experience; and competitiveness among a large number of
students population is practiced which is definitely helpful for the students
when they enter college.
2.4 Family Relationship
The study revealed that 61 respondents belong to a broken family
and those students usually obtain satisfactory grades ranging from 2.01-
2.50 and 336 respondents doesn’t belong to a broken family and those
usually obtain a satisfactory grade from 2.01-2.50 also.
This indicates that family relationship, particularly the
belongingness to a broken family does not relate to student academic
performance because grades of students who have a healthy family
relationship are similar to those who don’t. This finding is in agreement
with that of Ayodele (2006) who asserted that the environment where a
child finds himself goes a long way in determining his ability and ultimately
his academic performance in school. This means that students can still
perform well academically as long as they can manage the conflicts in the
environment surrounding them.
2.5 Study Preference
The study revealed that the respondents who study alone obtain
a very satisfactory grade from 1.51-2.00, those who study by pair get a
satisfactory grade from 2.01-2.50 and those who study by group also
get a satisfactory grade from 2.01-2.50.
This shows that study preference doesn’t have a significant
relationship to student academic performance for the fact that the
performance of students who study alone is almost similar to those
who study by pair and by group which is very satisfactory and
satisfactory for the latter. This relates to a research about
“Effectiveness of Working Individually Versus Cooperative Groups” by
Bryson (2007); which is a classroom-based research project. Bryson
(2007) stated that “Based on the research about cooperative learning
and the results of the study, it could be conducted that group work in
my classroom is not beneficial to my students’ achievement.”
2.6 Engagement in Extra Curricular Activities
The study revealed that respondents who engage in extra-curricular
activities obtain a very satisfactory grade from 1.51- 2.00 and those who
were not get a satisfactory grade from 2.01-2.50.
This implies that students who are actively involved in extra-
curricular activities have higher grades than who don’t. Engagement in
extra-curricular activities relates to student academic performance
because as Astin (2006) noted, what students gain from an experience is
directly related to what they put into it. The same holds true with extra-
curricular involvement. Students gain a wide range of skills from their out
of classroom experiences. The need to cope up with all the lessons and
requirements despite of being actively involved in different extra-curricular

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 activities may also be one of the causes that motivate students and
therefore the reason why students can still obtain a very satisfactory
grade.
3. Implications of the results of the study in improving university operations
​University operations works in support of the university’s mission of
advancing academic excellence, expanding liberal and professional
knowledge, creating a diverse and inclusive community and preparing
leaders who are dedicated to ethical conduct and compassionate service.
The primary role of university operations is to facilitate the university’s
goals, which is to be the university of first choice.
​This study tackled some of the variables that have a relationship
with the students’ academic performance. With the help of this study,
students were able to know what affects their academic performance
which will help them improve it.
​Improving the academic performance of the students will help the
university achieve high graduate employment rate thus will attract
graduates from the secondary school to choose Centro Escolar University;
attaining the university’s goal to be university of first choice. Improved
student academic performance will also lead to having high board passing
rate to the board courses which will result to good academic reputation of
the university.
​This study also made recommendations to Centro Escolar
University policy makers especially those in academic affairs regarding the
policies that can be employed to improve student academic performance.
In relation to the result of the study, type of high school and engagement
in extra-curricular activities are the demographic variables that have a
relationship to student academic performance. Thus, the researchers
suggest the university to give attention to the said variables.
4. Implications of the results of the study in improving student academic
performance
​Every student has different learning styles. Some may adapt to the
new environment and some may not. This study was also able to give
students knowledge about how different demographic variables relate to
their academic performance.
​Through the results of the study, the students and other
beneficiaries of this research was able to know the variables that have a
relationship with student academic relationship and with that, they may
apply the recommendation of the study to further improve their
performance.
​For the University professors, this will serve as an aid for them in
determining the future actions whether to give considerations to students
that were affected by different demographic variables that relates to their
academic performance.
Conclusions
The researchers made the following conclusions based from the
findings:
1. Most of the respondents are female, age ranges 16-28 years old
rd
most of them are 3 year college and are from School of Dentistry.
2. Among the variables type of high school and engagement in extra-
curricular activities has relationship with students’ academic
performance. While distance, type of housing, family relationship
and study preference has no relationship with students’ academic
performance.

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 3. The study revealed the variables that have relationship with
academic performance. The respondents were able to know what
affects their academic performance which will help them improve it.
Improving their academic performance will help the university
achieve high graduate employment rate and attract graduates from
the secondary school to choose Centro Escolar University.
Recommendation
​Based on the conclusion, the following are recommended:
1.) Regarding the distance, the students in Centro Escolar
University is recommended to reside not too far from the
university. As much as possible, living less than five (5)
kilometers away would be the best distance. The time they allot
for travelling could be used in studying instead and it might also
help them for they will not be physically tired from travelling.
Though it doesn’t affect academic performance too much, other
studies have shown that it is not possible to make their
academic performance better by living near the university.
Lorenzo (2017) also stated that one of the advantages of living
near the university is that students can put more time and
energy on more meaningful activities that ready them for their
professional life.
2.) As to type of housing, it would be better for the students to stay
at their home residence. Although based on the gathered data,
grades of the students who live in a dormitory also falls on the
same range as to those who live in a home residence, there is
still a greater number of students who used to stay in their home
residence. Staying at their home residence is much better
because it is more convenient for the reason that all the things
that the student needs will all be available immediately. It is also
more comfortable to live in a place where no adjustments with
the surroundings and with the people around are needed. Living
at a home residence has also the added benefit of providing
students with a built-in support network especially if they have a
good relationship with their family. (Koprowski, 2013)
3.) Concerning the type of high school, former school background
is important in determining academic performance; therefore the
researchers recommend that the university should keep data of
where their students come from and could try to develop a link
with the schools where their most disciplined and excelling
students come from so that more students are admitted from
these schools.
4.) As to family relationship, it would be better if the students have
a stable relationship with their family. The physical, emotional
and intellectual characteristics are important aspects to be
monitored and improved by parents and guardians towards
producing high academic outcomes in students. Parents are
therefore advised to establish a good environment that does not
only encourage the growth of physical and social but also the
psychological, emotional and more importantly, the intellectual
growth of students. It has been proved that with adequate
parenting coupled with quality education, students could attain
the best academic level. (Tsinidou, 2010)
5.) With regard to study preference, the researchers recommend
for the students to study alone. Different study preferences
doesn’t materially affect academic performance but based on

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 the study, there is a greater number of students from Centro
Escolar University which prefer to study alone wherein they
usually get a grade ranging from 1.51-2.00. Studying alone
minimizes distraction and it allows students to study at their own
pace, reading and comprehending at a suitable speed for them.
It is also easier to avoid temptations and disruptions when
studying alone.
6.) About engagement in extracurricular activities, the researchers
encourage the students to participate in different extracurricular
activities that the university offers. This will help the students
improve and share their talents as well as their skills. Another
advantage of engaging in extra-curricular activities is that it
enhances the students’ behavior. The discipline and patience
they have in performing extra-curricular activities could also be
applied academically. Self-esteem which is considered to be
one of its benefits can be a predictor of academic performance.
Participation in extra-curricular activities provide students self-
esteem and these activities are one of the reasons to keep them
motivated in attending school. (Casden, 2004) Therefore, the
university must have extra-curricular activities parallel to the
interests of the students. Incentives and other benefits are also
encouraged to be given for the students to become more
motivated in engaging with extra-curricular activities.

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