4, Lesson Activity ‘UNDERSTANDING PRESSURE IN LUQUID “Teacher's guide! physics form simulation SCIENTIFIC CONCEPT: ‘The tenms force and pressure are used extensively in the stady of fuid power. I is seni that we distinguish between the terms, Force mans total psh or pull. Its the push or pull exered again the total arc of patclar surface and is exressed in founds or grams, Pressure means the amount of push or pl re) appli to eh unit ‘roa of the surface and is expressed in kilogram per square meter (kg/m?) or Pascal Pa). Pressure is exerted equally against all surfaces of your body. Liguids ere almost incompressible. In a lguid the molecules are closer together and their motions are more restricted, You don’t feel more pressure on your face than on your back, of on your arms, ‘ecause pressure is exerted evenly against all surfaces. Liquid pressure is exerted equally in all directions. Pressure in a Tiquid at any point is exerted in equal amounts in all directions.Pressure is dependent on depth, not on volume. At greater depths, the pressures greater. the deeper you swim, the more water above you, the greater the pressure. ‘When you swim underwater, you can fee! the pressure ofthe water acting against your ‘eardrums, What causes tis pressure? Unique Feature of This Activity ‘+ Pressure in liquids exerted equally in all directions. «© By-using computer simulation, the manipulated variables can be controlled easily and responding variables can be recorded accurately. The variables ar: © Manipulated variables: depth, and density, . Responding variables: pressure in liquid. (© Constant variables: ravity, «They allow the students to study or try things that would be dificult or impossible to do in the laboratory.ENGAGE, ‘Look carefully atthe 2 Liter container. Notice that there are thee holes inthe side of the container which are covered with tape. Fill the container with water. x |. Predict how far the water will flow from the holes when you remove the tape, Will the results be the same from all of the holes? Remove the tape and measure, What happens tothe flow of the water as the volume of water in the container decreases? ‘What causes the water to flow out of the bottle? ea eee ‘Whereis the pressure the greatest? izEMPOWER STEPS 1. Ensure that teacher has an intemet connection, 2. Intemes access to: btpz//nwn,walter-fendi.de/ph! de/bydrostpr: htm 3. ‘Teacher can use the model as simulation with different depth, The water level in ‘U-tube manometer represents the liquid pressure at this pasition RESULTS (QUESTIONS What is the name ofthis tube? ‘What happen to the level of water if we raise or lower the red chamber? Predict what happen tothe water level if we change the water to ethanol and mereury? State factors that effects pressure inthe liquid.ENHANCE Applications of pressure in liquids 1. Dam The photos show that dam is built the river inorder to stop from flowing to make a reservoir and produce electricity '. The wall ofthe dam is thicker at the bottom, o 2, Water Supply System we ‘The picture shows that water tank is positioned high above the ground, For high rise building, there is a pump to Pump the water to a tank atthe top ofthe building. Questions 1, Why the dam must be thicker atthe bottom? The pressure in liquids depends on the depth. The pressure increase as the depth increase. Hence, the dam must be thicker at the bottom to reduce the negative effet of pressure in liquids. 2. Why water tank in your house is positioned above the roof? To ensure thatthe water have sufficient pressure to flow to consumers located at lower level. ce