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Lect9 PDF
Lect9 PDF
dVo
dVi dVo
dVi
Vo Vo
Vi Vi
¯ ¯
¯ Vo ¯
¯ ¯
¯ Vi ¯
Vi Pi,−1 dB
so = a1 si + a2 s2i + a3 s3i + · · ·
So,ω1 a1 S1 + 43 a3 S13
G= =
Si,ω1 S1
3 2 3 a3 2
= a1 + a3 S1 = a1 1 + S1 = G(S1 )
4 4 a1
If a3 /a1 < 0, the gain compresses with increasing
amplitude.
-10
10 dBc
-20
d
nd
2n
Fu
20 dBc
-30
-40
IIP2
-50 -40 -30 -20 -10 Pin
(dBm)
-10
u nd 20 dBc
F
-20
rd
dBc
Thi
-30
IIP3
-50 -40 -30 -20 -10 Pin
(dBm)
Si = S1 cos ω1 t + s2 cos ω2 t
| {z } | {z }
Blocker Desired
2 1
a3 3S1 s2 cos ω2 t
2
This term adds or subtracts from the desired signal.
Since a3 < 0 for most systems (compressive
non-linearity), the effect of the blocker is to reduce the
gain
a1 s2 + a3 32 S12 s2
App Gain =
s2
3 2 3 a3 2
= a1 + a3 S1 = a1 1 + S1
2 2 a1
Si = a1 So + a2 So2 + a3 So3 + · · ·
So = b1 Si + b2 Si2 + b3 Si3 + · · ·
0 = a1 b2 + a2 b21
a2 b21 a2
b2 = − =− 3
a1 a1
Finally, equating the cubic terms we have
2a22 a3
b3 = 5 − 4
0 = a1 b3 + a2 2b1 b2 + a3 b31 a1 a1
It’s interesting to note that if one power series does not
have cubic, a3 ≡ 0, the inverse series has cubic due to
the first term above.
A. M. Niknejad University of California, Berkeley EECS 142 Lecture 9 p. 18/29 – p.
Cascade
IIP 2 GA
V
IIP 3 GA
P
IIP 2A IIP 2B
IIP 3A IIP 3B
y = f (x) = a1 x + a2 x2 + a3 x3 + · · ·
z = g(y) = b1 y + b2 y 2 + b3 y 3 + · · ·
We’d like to find the overall relation
z = c1 x + c2 x2 + c3 x3 + · · ·
c1 = b1 a1 = a1 b1
c2 = b1 a2 + b2 a21
c3 = b1 a3 + b2 2a1 a2 + b3 a31
The first and last term have a very clear origin. The
middle terms, though, are more interesting. They arise
due to second harmonic interaction. The second order
distortion of the first amplifier can interact with the linear
term through the second order non-linearity to produce
cubic distortion.
Even if both amplifiers have negligible cubic,
a3 = b3 ≡ 0, we see the overall amplifier can generate
cubic through this mechanism.
vo = R1 id + R2 i2d + R3 i3d + · · ·
c2 b1 a2 + b2 a21 a2 b2
= = + a1
c1 b1 a1 a1 b1
This leads to
1 1 a1
= A
+
IIP 2 IIP 2 IIP 2B
This is a very intuitive result, since it simply says that
we can input refer the IIP 2 of the second amplifier to
the input by the voltage gain of the first amplifier.
1 1 a21
= +
IIP 32 IIP 3A IIP 32B
2
ID = IQ + io W
ID = 1
2 µCox L (VGS − VT )2
vi
W
VQ
io +IQ = 1
2 µCox L (VQ +vi −VT )2
W 2
= 1
2 µCox L (VQ − VT ) + vi2 + 2vi (VQ − VT )
W 1 W 2
= IQ + µCox vi (VQ − VT ) + 2 µCox vi
|{z} | L {z } | {z L }
dc
linear quadratic
A. M. Niknejad University of California, Berkeley EECS 142 Lecture 9 p. 27/29 – p.
Ideal Square Law Device
An ideal square law device only generates 2nd order
distortion
1 W 2
io = gm vi + 2 µCox vi
L
a1 = gm
1 W 1 gm
a2 = 2 µCox L = 2V −V
Q T
a3 ≡ 0
The harmonic distortion is given by
1 a2 1 gm 1 1 vi
HD2 = vi = vi =
2 a1 4 VQ − VT gm 4 VQ − VT
HD3 = 0
A. M. Niknejad University of California, Berkeley EECS 142 Lecture 9 p. 28/29 – p.
Real MOSFET Device
14 600
Triode CLM DIBL SCBE
12
10
400
Mobility
Rout kΩ
8
4
200
0 1 2 3 4
0
Vds (V) Effective Field