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Ta Lte
Ta Lte
Issue 01
Date 16 April 2014
Overview
This document provides an overview of the Timing Advance (TA) in LTE . It also describes why we need TA,How to
Claculate the TA , Huawe Counters ,why we need the TA calculation and Using EFMA to calculate the TA.
In LTE, when UE wish to establish RRC connection with eNB, it transmits a Random Access Preamble, eNB estimates the
transmission timing of the terminal based on this. Now eNB transmits a Random Access Response which consists of timing
advance command, based on that UE adjusts the terminal transmit timing.
The timing advance is initiated from E-UTRAN with MAC message that implies and adjustment of the timing advance
Document Version
Prepared by Alaa Eldin Ahmed Date
22 April 2014
(00741338)
Reviewed by Date
Contents:
1- overview
2- TA in LTE Usage.
3- Timing Advance Command MAC Control Element
4-LTE Users Distributions
a- How Huawei calculate the TA (Counters).
b- How Huawei calculate the TA (CHR Data using EFMA).
5- Hints .
6- Refrences
Timing Advance (TA) in LTE
Overview
In GSM system MS sends its data three time slots after it received the data from the BTS. This is ok as long as MS-BTS
distance is small but increasing distance requires consideration of propagation delay as well. To handle it Timing advance
(TA) is conveyed by network to MS and current value is sent to the MS within the layer 1 header of each SACCH. BTS
calculates the first TA when it receives RACH and reports it to the BSC and BSC/BTS passes it to UE during Immediate
Assignment.
In UMTS Timing Advance parameter was not used but in LTE Timing Advance is back.
In LTE, when UE wish to establish RRC connection with eNB, it transmits a Random Access Preamble, eNB estimates the
transmission timing of the terminal based on this. Now eNB transmits a Random Access Response which consists of timing
advance command, based on that UE adjusts the terminal transmit timing.
The timing advance is initiated from E-UTRAN with MAC message that implies and adjustment of the timing advance.
TA Usage :
Belwo points can show why we need TA in LTE
-The TA used in LTE for Transmission timing adjustments in both idle case (random access) and Connected case.
-Upon reception of a timing advance command, the UE shall adjust its uplink transmission timing for
PUCCH/PUSCH/SRS of the primary cell. The timing advance command indicates the change of the uplink timing
relative to the current uplink timing as multiples of 16Ts .
In case of random access response, 11-bit timing advance command, TA, indicates NTA values by index values of
TA = 0, 1, 2, ..., 1282, where an amount of the time alignment is given by NTA = TA ×16 TS.
In other cases, 6-bit timing advance command , TA, indicates adjustment of the current NTA value, NTA,old, to the new
NTA value, NTA,new, by index values of TA = 0, 1, 2,..., 63, where NTA new = NTA old + (TA −31)×16 Ts.
Here, adjustment of NTA value by a positive or a negative amount indicates advancing or delaying the uplink transmission
timing by a given amount respectively.
For a timing advance command received on subframe n, the corresponding adjustment of the timing shall apply from
the beginning of subframe n+6.When the UE’s uplink PUCCH/PUSCH/SRS transmissions in subframe n and subframe
n+1 are overlapped due to the timing adjustment, the UE shall transmit complete subframe n and not transmit the
overlapped part of subframe n+1.
Example :
Distance between a device and the network antenna :
A timing advance of one Ts is equivalent to a distance of (3 x 108 x 1 / (15000 x 2048)) / 2 = 4.89 m
Distance = propagation speed (light speed) x one Ts delay / 2 (downlink path + uplink path)
Initial absolute Random Access Response MAC payload (11 bits) TA range = 0, 1, 2,..., 1282
Random Access Response NTA = TA x 16. Timing adjustment is always positive
Example :
TA = 1 then NTA = 1 x 16 Ts. Distance equals 16 x 4.89 m = 78.12 m
Distance maximum between a device and the network antenna = 1282 x 78.12 m = 100.156 km.
The Timing Advance Command MAC control element is identified by MAC PDU subheader with LCID value =
11101 (Timing Advance Command) .
It has a fixed size and it consists of a single octet as show below.
According to Spec 36.321:
So starting from ERAN 6 Huawei offered new counters which show the users distriputions
in a cell
b-Description
The counter measures the number of times the TA with a specific value range contained in the Random
Access Response message in a UE-initiated random access procedure in a cell. One TA equals 0.52
microsecond.
c- Measurement Points
In a UE-initiated random access procedure, when the eNodeB sends a Random Access Response (RAR)
message to the UE after receiving a Random Access Preamble message, the corresponding counter is
incremented based on the TA value contained in the RAR message each time the eNodeB receives the first
uplink data packet that passes the cyclic redundancy check (CRC).
HINT :
As this Counters were not available before ERAN6 so we can Use eRAN FMA CHR Analysis to calculate the
User distribution as below
This rule is used to measure the usTa field in the imported CHR data that is recorded by the L2 dedicated
Preamble module, and estimate the distances between UEs and the eNodeB.
In eRAN2.1 and eRAN2.2, the TA information reported by the L1 module is contained in
L2_L1_RPT_DEDI_PERAMBLE events.
A single TA is 156 m long. Therefore, the distance between a UE and the eNodeB can be calculated using the
following formula:
Distance between a UE and the eNodeB = 156 x Number of TAs/2
In eRAN3.0, the ulTa field in L2_USER_INFO events indicates TA information reported by the L1 module.
A single TA is 156 m long. Therefore, the distance between a UE and the eNodeB can be calculated using the
following formula:
− When the ILastTa field in the L2_UEAbnormal event is a positive value: Distance between a UE and the
eNodeB = 156 x TA value/2/16
In this formula, the TA value is the value of the ILastTa field. If multiple L2_UEAbnormal events are generated
for the same call ID, the TA value is the average value of the ILastTa fields in these events.
− When the ILastTa field in the L2_UEAbnormal event is a negative value: Distance between a UE and the
eNodeB = 156 x TA value/2
In this formula, the TA value is the value of the ulta field under strL1Rpt in the
L2_CHR_USER_DEDI_PREAMBLE_INFO event.
− In the other cases: Distance between a UE and the eNodeB = 156 x TA value/2
In this formula, the TA value is the value of the ulTa field in the L2_CHR_USER_SRB_INFO event.
As shown in the following figure, two tables explain this rule. The upper table lists field statistics and contains
the following columns: TA, Distance(m), Counts, and Percentage.
For more details please check operation guide Eran FMA V2.8 (30.2.2 & 30.3.3)
Hints :
1- How to calculate Ts
In LTE Design the IDFT(Tx)/DFT(Rx) size Depened on the used Bw in the Network as below table so It’s mean
that every BW have different Ts
Almost all numbers , duration and calculations related to E-UTRAN are drived from a fundamental
parameters knows as Ts (Basic Time Unit).
Ts represents the sampling Time of the overall channel and itself drived frombasic channel parameters
The calculation for E-UTRAN are based on the service that operates in 20 MHZ channel with 2048 subcarriers
set at 15 KHz spacing , EUTRAN deployment at all other bandwidths are based on these parameters
Frame,Subfram and Slot lenghts , Cyclic Prefix durations and many other key parameters are calculated as
multiples of Ts.
Crucially , the value of Ts doesen’t vary even when E-UTRAN operates in channel bandwidthes are smaller
than 20 MHz , As Ts stays constant all other , all of the Keys Parameters used to define the E-UTRAN Services
also stay constant
The consistency reduce the overall Complexity of E-UTRAN and enable the manufactures to scal their devices
more easily to a varity of channel BW and frequancy Bands
Refrences :