BZm-b-I-c-amb BSp-h-f¿Ø¬

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 BZm-b-I-c-amb BSp-h-f¿Ø¬

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 BZm-b-I-c-amb BSp-h-f¿Ø¬

BZm-b-I-c-amb
BSp-h-f¿Ø¬

^mw C≥^¿ta-j≥ _yqtdm

tIcf k¿°m¿

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 BZm-b-I-c-amb BSp-h-f¿Ø¬

BZm-b-I-c-amb BSp-h-f¿Ø¬
No^v FUn-‰¿ : -Fw. tla-Ip-amcn
{]n≥kn-∏¬ C≥^¿taj≥ Hm^o-k¿
IS-∏mSv : tUm. B¿. thWp-tKm-]m¬
Akn. Ub-d-IvS¿, arK-kw-c-£W hIp∏v
kam-lc
- Ww : tUm. _n.F≥. _m_p-cmPv
C≥^¿ta-j≥ Hm^o-k¿
FUn-‰¿ : Fen-k_- Øv tPm¿Pv
]ªn-t°-j≥ Hm^o-k¿
te Hu´v : Zo]Iv auØm-´n¬

^mw C≥^¿ta-j≥ _yqtdm {]kn-≤o-Ic

- Ww
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 BZm-b-I-c-amb BSp-h-f¿Ø¬

BZm-b-I-c-amb BSp-h-f¿Ø¬
a\p-jy-k-aq-l-hp-ambn G‰hpw A[nIw CWßn hf¿∂ arK-ß-
fn¬ H∂mWv BSv. sshhn-[y-am¿∂ ]cn-X-ÿn-Xn-I-tfmSv Cgp-In-t®-cm-
\p≈ Ignhpw AtXm-sSm∏w ]cn-an-X-amb `uXnI kml-N-cy-ß-fn¬ sa®-
s∏´ DXv]m-Z\w e`n-°p-hm-\p≈ km[y-X-sIm≠pw BSp hf¿Ø-en\v
tIc-fo-b-cpsS CS-bn¬ apJy-ÿm\w ssIh-∂n-´p-≠v. ]mh-s∏´ I¿j-I-
cpsS kmº-ØnI ]cn-an-Xn-Iƒ°v A\p-tbm-Py-am-b-Xp-sIm≠v "]mh-s∏-
´-h-cpsS ]ip' F∂ \ne-bn¬ Adn-b-s∏-Sp-∂p. efn-X-amb ]m¿∏n-Sw,
Ipd™ Xo‰-s®-e-hv, t]mj-I-aqeyw A[n-I-ap≈ ]mev, hne-]n-Sn-∏p≈
Cd-®n, XpI¬, Db¿∂ tcmK-{]-Xn-tcm[ i‡n, efn-X-amb ]cn-]m-e\
apd-Iƒ F∂nh BSp-h-f¿Ø-en\v A\p-tbm-Py-L-S-I-ß-fm-Wv. F∂m¬
ta®n¬ ÿe-ß-fp-sSbpw ]®n-e-I-fp-sSbpw A`m-h-amWv BSp-h-f¿Ø-
en\v Cs∂mcp {]Xn-k‘ - n-bmbn Db¿∂n-cn-°p-∂X
- v. hnf \in-∏p-Im¿ F∂
A]-Io¿Ønbpw Cu km[p-ar-K-Øn\v as‰mcp sh√p-hn-fn-bm-Wv. a\p-jy-
\m¬ \in-∏n-°-s∏-Sp∂ h\-Øn\pw hnf-Iƒ°pw BSp-I-sf-bmWv ]gn-
Nm-cp-∂-Xv F∂-XmWv hkvXp-X. 2007 se sk≥kkv {]Imcw 17 e£w
BSp-Iƒ \ΩpsS kwÿm-\-Øp-≠v.
P\p- p-Iƒ
tIc-f-Øns‚ X\Xp P\p- mWv ae-_mdn AYhm Xe-t»cn BSp-
Iƒ. DØ-c-tI-c-f-Ønse Pn√-I-fn-emWv Ch [mcm-f-ambn D≈-Xv. \q‰m-
≠p-Iƒ°v apºv Atd-_y≥ I®-h-S-°m¿ sIm≠p-h∂ BSp-I-fp-sSbpw
ae-_m-dn-ep-≠m-bn-cp∂ BSp-I-fp-sSbpw k¶-c-k-¥-Xn-I-fmWv Ct∏mƒ
I≠p-h-cp∂ "ae-_mdn' BSp-Iƒ F∂v Icp-X-s∏-Sp-∂p. Idp-∏v, Xhn-´v,
shfp∏v F∂o \nd-ß-fnepw Cu \nd-߃ CS-I-e¿∂-Xp-amb \nd-ß-
fnepw ae-_mdn BSp-Iƒ ImW-s∏-Sp-∂p. Igp-Øn¬ Xqßn-°n-S-°p∂
D]mw-K-߃ km[m-cW I≠p-h-cp∂ Hcp e£-W-am-Wv. BWm-Sp-Iƒ°v
icm-icn 40 Intem-{Kmapw s]Æm-Sp-Iƒ°v icm-icn 30 Intem-{Kmapw
Xq°-ap-≠m-bn-cn-°pw. Ch-bpsS {]Xn-Zn\ icm-icn ]mep-Xv]m-Z\w Ac
en‰-dm-Wv. icm-icn A©p amkw hsc Ch-bpsS Id-h-°mew \o≠p
\n¬°p-∂p.
ae-_mdn BSp-Isf IqSmsX `mc-X-Øn¬ ImWp∂ {]apJ B´n≥
P\p- p-I-fmWv Pap-\m]m-cn, _o‰¬, _m¿_mcn F∂n-h. tIc-f-Øn¬
Xs∂ A´-∏mSn ae-©-cn-hp-I-fn¬ I≠p-h-cp∂ A´-∏mSn ªm°v F∂-
bn\w BSp-Iƒ amtkm-Xv]m-Z-\-Øn\v sa®-s∏-´-h-bm-Wv.
C≥Uy-bnse hen∏w IqSnb P\p- p-I-fn¬ {][m-\n-bmWv Pap-
\m-]m-cn. DØ¿{]-tZ-inse CØm-hm, a[p-c, B{K F∂o Pn√-I-fn-emWv
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 BZm-b-I-c-amb BSp-h-f¿Ø¬
Ch [mcm-f-ambn I≠p-h-cp-∂-Xv. \√ Db-chpw ico-c-h-f¿®bpw D≈
Cu C\-ß-fnse ap´-\m-Sp-Iƒ°v 70 apX¬ 90 In.{Kmw hscbpw s]¨
BSp-Iƒ°v 50 apX¬ 75 In.{Kmw hscbpw `mcw ImWpw. ap∂n-te°v
X≈n \n¬°p∂ hf™ \mkn-Ibpw hfsc \o≠v (30 sk.-ao.-h-sc)
]m¿iz-ß-fn-te°v Xqßn-°n-S-°p∂ sNhn-bpw Ch-bpsS {]tXy-I-X-I-
fm-Wv. Xqsh-≈-tbm, a™ Ie¿∂ sh≈tbm \nd-ap≈ Cu BSp-I-
fpsS tZl-Øn¬ Nph-t∏m, Idpt∏m \nd-ap≈ ]p≈n-Ifpw ImWm-dp-≠v.
240 Znhkw \o≠p-\n¬°p∂ Id-h-°m-e-Øn-\p-≈n¬ 160 apX¬ 200 en.-
hsc ]m¬ Ch DXv]m-Zn-∏n-°p-∂p.
CXp-Iq-SmsX £otcm-Xv]m-Z\
- Ø
- n\p {]kn-≤n-bm¿Pn® hntZi P\p-
 p-I-fmb km\≥, B¬ss]≥, F∂o C\-ßfpw ae-_mdn C\hpw
XΩn-ep≈ k¶c h¿K-ß-sfbpw tIcf Im¿jnI k¿h-I-em-ime hnI-
kn-∏n-s®-Sp-Øn-´p-≠v.
tIc-f-Øn¬ {]Nm-c-Øn-ep≈ hntZi P\p- p-I-fn¬ {][m\n
"km\≥' BWv. BSp-I-fpsS Iq´-Ønse "Khy-dmWn' F∂-dn-b-s∏-Sp∂
Ch-bpsS P∑-tZiw kzn‰vk¿e-≠nse km\≥ Xmgv hc-bm-Wv. Xqsh-
≈tbm Cfw {Iow \nd-Øntem ImW-s∏-Sp-∂p. sNhn-Iƒ Aev]w
ap≥t]m-´m™v apI-fn-te°v hf-™n-cn-°pw. sImºp-≈-hbpw C√m-Ø-
hbpw Cu Iq´-Øn-ep-≠v. BWn\pw s]Æn\pw XmSn-bn¬ tcmaw ImWpw.
300 Znhkw \o≠p \n¬°p∂ Id-h-°m-eØv 900-˛1000 In.{Kmw ]m¬
DXv]m-Zn-∏n-°m≥ Ign-hp-≠v. B¬ss]≥, Bwt•m\p _nb≥, At¶md
F∂o C\-ßfpw {]Nm-c-Øn-ep-≠v.
BSp-Isf Xnc-s™-Sp-°p-tºmƒ
BSp-Isf Xnc-s™-Sp-°p-tºmƒ Ah-bpsS h¿K-ip-≤nbpw KpW-
ta-∑bpw {]m[m-\y-a¿ln-°p∂ LS-I-ß-fm-Wv.
Hcp \√ Id-h-bm-Sns\ Xnc-s™-Sp-°p-tºmƒ ]mens‚ Af-hv,
ico-c-Øns‚ Xq°w, hen∏w F∂nh am\-Z-WvU-am-sb-Sp-°m-hp∂ Imcy-
ß-fm-Wv. s]Æm-Sp-Isf Xnc-s™-Sp-°p-tºmƒ X≈-bm-Sn-s‚bpw IqsS-
∏n-d∂ s]Æm-Sp-I-fp-sSbpw DXv]m-Z\ {]Xyp¬]m-Z-\-£-aX IW-°n-se-
Sp-t°-≠-Xp-≠v. ]m¿iz-`m-K-ß-fn¬ \n∂p t\m°p-tºmƒ aptºm´v X≈n
\n¬°p∂ AIn-Sv, XpSpØ ]m¬ Rc-ºp-Iƒ, I√n-t∏m, hen-∏-hy-Xym-
ktam C√m-ØXpw am¿±-h-ap-≈-Xp-amb AInSv F∂nh \√ Idh BSp-
I-fpsS e£-W-ß-fm-Wv. Hcp {]k-h-Øn¬ H∂n-e-[nIw Ip´n-Iƒ, ASp-
Ø-Sp-Øp≈ {]k-h-߃ F∂n-hbv°p {]tXyI ]cn-K-W\ \¬I-Ww.
amwtkm¬]m-Z-\-Øn-\p-]-tbm-Kn-°p∂ BSp-I-fpsS Imcy-Øn¬ icoc
Xq°-Øn-\mWv {]m[m-\yw.

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 BZm-b-I-c-amb BSp-h-f¿Ø¬
{]P-\\ Bh-iy-Øn-\mbn ap´-\m-Sp-Isf Xnc-s™-Sp-°p-tºmƒ
Ahbv°v \√ icoc ]pjvSnbpw Du¿P-kz-e-Xbpw D≠m-bn-cn-°-Ww.
ssewKnI tcmK-ßtfm AwK-ssh-I-eytam D≈ ap´-\m-Sp-Isf {]P-\-\-
Øn\v D]-tbm-Kn-®p-Iq-Sm.
]m¿∏nSw Hcp-°¬
km[m- c - W - b mbn tIc- f - Ø n¬ Ht∂m ct≠m BSp- I - s fbpw
AhbpsS Ip´n-I-sfbpw am{X-ambn sI´n-bn´p hf¿Øp∂ coXn-bmWv
I≠p-h-cp-∂-Xv. Im¿jnI hnf-Iƒ \in-∏n-°m-Xn-cn-°m-\mWv Cu coXn
Ah-ew-_n-®n-cn-°p-∂-Xv. hoSn-t\mSv tN¿∂ 6 N.-ao-‰¿ hnkvXm-c-ap≈ Hcp
Nmbv]n¬ c≠v BSp-I-sfbpw Ah-bpsS Ip´n-I-sfbpw hf¿Ømw. Xd-
\n-c-∏n¬ \n∂v H∂-c-ao-‰¿ Db-c-Øn¬ apf, ]\, Iap-Iv, sXßv F∂n-h-
bpsS XSn-bp-]-tbm-Kn®v πm‰v t^mw \n¿Ωn-t°-≠-Xp-≠v. ImjvTw Xd-
bn¬ t]mIm-\mbn ]e-I-Iƒ°n-S-bn¬ 3˛4 sk‚o-ao-‰¿ hnS-hp-≠m-bn-cn-
°-Ww.
ap´-\m-Sn\v 2.0 x 1.5 ao‰dpw s]Æm-Sp-Iƒ°v 1.5 x 1.5 ao‰dpw ÿe-
hn-kvXmcw e`n-°-Ww. ta¬°q-c-bmbn Hmetbm Bkv_-tÃmkv jot‰m
D]-tbm-Kn-°mw. IqSn-\p-≈n¬ Ft∏mgpw ip≤-hm-bphpw shfn-®hpw e`n-
°-Ww. Cu¿∏w \ne-\n¬°m≥ ]mSn-√.
hmWn-Pym-Sn-ÿm-\-Øn¬ ]‰-ambn BSp-Isf hf¿Øp-tºmƒ 20
BSp-Iƒ°mbn Hcp IqSv \n¿Ωn-°mw. Hcm-Sn\v Hcp NXp-c-{i-ao-‰¿ ÿew
e`n-°-Ww. ap´-\m-Sn\v 2.4 x 1.8 ao‰¿ ÿew e`n-°p∂ IqSp-Iƒ {]tXy-
I-am-bp-≠m-°-Ww. B´n≥Ip-´n-Iƒ°v 0.3 N. ao F∂ IW-°n¬ ÿew
e`n-°-Ww. 1.8 x 1.8 ao‰¿ hnkvXm-c-ap≈ Hcp apdn-bn¬ 10 Ip´n-Isf
hf¿Øm-hp-∂-Xm-Wv. BSp-^m-ap-Iƒ XpS-ßp-tºmƒ Xo‰-∏p¬ Irjn
sNøm≥ kuI-cy-ap≈ {]tZ-i-ß-fmWv Xnc-s™-Sp-t°-≠-Xv. `q\n-c-∏n¬
\n∂pw Db¿∂ {]tZ-iØv Ing°p ]Sn-™mdv Zni-bn-em-bn-cn-°Ww ^man-
\p≈ sI´nSw \n¿Ωn-t°-≠-Xv. IqSns‚ hiw acw-sIm-t≠m, kpjn-c-ß-
tfm-Sp-Iq-Snb CjvSn-IIƒ sImt≠m \n¿Ωn-°m-hp-∂-XmWv. IqSns‚ Hcp
hi-Ømbn Hcp hmXn-epw LSn-∏n-°-Ww. ip≤-Pew IqSn-\p-≈n¬ e`y-
am-°m-\mbn 50 x 20 x 15 sk.-ao-‰¿ hen-∏-Øn¬ Xd-\n-c-∏n¬ \n∂pw
A¬]w Db-c-Øn-embn sh≈-sØm-´n-Iƒ \n¿Ωn-°-Ww. CtXm-sSm∏w
30 x 20 sk.ao hen-∏-Øn-ep≈ Xo‰-sØm-´n-Iƒ IqSns‚ hi-ß-fn¬
ÿm]n-°-Ww.
Blmc coXn
BSv Ab-hn-d-°p∂ arK-am-Wv. AXns‚ ico-c-h-en∏w IW-°n-
se-Sp-°p-tºmƒ AtX hen-∏-ap≈ Hcp ]ip-I-gn-°p-∂-Xn-t\-°mƒ IqSp-

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 BZm-b-I-c-amb BSp-h-f¿Ø¬
X¬ Xo‰ `£n-°p-∂p-≠v. BSp-I-fn¬ \n∂pw e`n-°p∂ hnhn[ Xcw
D¬]-∂-ß-fpsS ta∑ Ah-bv°p In´p∂ t]mj-WsØ B{i-bn-®n-cn-
°p-∂p.
B´n≥Ip-´n-Iƒ°v BZysØ A©p Znh-k-ß-fn¬ Znh-tk\ 4
{]mh- i y- s a- ¶ nepw ]mev \¬I- W w. Cßs\ e`n- ° p∂ I∂n- ∏ m¬
Ahbv°p {]Xn-tcm[ i‡n t\Sn-s°m-Sp-°p-∂p. XpS¿∂v BZysØ amkw
B´n≥Ip-´n-bpsS ico-c-Xq-°-Øns‚ Bdn¬ H∂v F∂ \nc-°nepw c≠mw-
amkw F´n¬ H∂v `mKw F∂ \nc-°nepw ]mev Bh-iy-am-Wv. HcmgvN
{]mb-sa-Øp-tºmƒ apX¬ B´n≥Ip-´n°v Jcm-lmcw Iptds» sImSpØv
ioen-∏n-°-Ww. Hcp amkw sIm≠v B-´n≥Ip-´n-Iƒ ]p√pw Ce-Ifpw
Ign®p XpS-ßp∂p. aq∂p amk-Øn-\p-tijw ]mev \¬tI-≠-Xn-√. BSp-
Iƒ°v [mcmfw ]®n-e-Iƒ e`y-am-sW-¶n¬ AXv icoc kwc-£-W-Øn-
\m-h-iy-amb F√m-t]m-j-I-ßfpw {]Zm\w sNbvXp-sIm-≈pw. BSp-Iƒ°v
πmhv, apcn-°v, thß, ssI\n, ]qΔw apX-emb hr£ Ce-Ifpw Kn\n,
t\∏n-b¿, ]mc F∂o ]p√n-\-ßfpw ]b-dp-h¿§-Øn¬s∏´ sNSn-I-fpsS
Ce-Ifpw \¬Im-hp-∂-Xm-Wv. DW-°-∏p-√v, sshbvt°m¬, ssktePv
F∂n-hbpw BSp-Iƒ°v ]Yy-am-Wv. Xo‰ hf-sc-b-[nIw \jvS-s∏-Sp-Øp∂
kz`m-h-ap-≈-Xp-sIm≠v A¬]m¬]-ambpw CS-hn´pw Bbn-cn-°-Ww Xo‰
\¬tI-≠-Xv. km[m-c-W-bmbn \ΩpsS \m´n¬ ]®n-e-I-tfm-sSm∏w Jcm-
lm-chpw Blm-c-{I-a-Øn¬ Dƒs∏-Sp-Øm-dp-≠v. ]ip-°ƒ°v sImSp-°p∂
F√m-Øcw Imen-Øo-‰-Ifpw BSp-Iƒ°v \¬Im-hp-∂-Xm-Wv. K¿`n-Wn-
bmb BSp-Iƒ°v 4˛mw amkw apX¬ 200 {Kmw Xo‰ IqSp-X-embn \¬I-
Ww. Id-h-bp≈ BSp-Iƒ°v kwc-£-W-Øn-\m-h-iy-amb Xo‰bv°v
]pdta 1. In.{Kmw ]men\v 400 {Kmw Xo‰ F∂ tXmXn¬ A[n-I-ambn
\¬I-Ww.
Znh-khpw 2 t\c-ambn Jcm-lmcw \¬Ip-∂-XmWv DØ-aw. Id-h-
bp≈ BSp-Iƒ°v Id-hbv°p apºmbn Xo‰ \¬I-Ww.
Bh-iym-\p-k-cWw ip≤-Pew BSp-Iƒ°v e`n-°-Ww. {]mb-
]q¿Øn-bmb Hcm-Sn\v {]Xn-Zn\w A©p en‰-tdmfw ip≤-Pew \¬I-Ww.
BSp-Iƒ°v \¬Im-hp∂ km{μn-Xm-lm-cw... Hcp amXrI
\ne-°-S-e-∏n-Æm°v ........................................................... 25 `mKw
tXßm-∏n-Æm°v ................................................................. 10 `mKw
XhnSv ...................................................................................... 22 `mKw
DW° ac-®o\n .................................................................. 10 `mKw
a™-t®mfw ......................................................................... 15 `mKw
apXnc / ISe...................................................................... 15 `mKw
[mXp ehW an{inXw .................................................... 1 ½ `mKw
D∏v ........................................................................................... 1 ½ `mKw

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 BZm-b-I-c-amb BSp-h-f¿Ø¬
BSp-I-fpsS Xo‰-{Iaw
{]mbw icoc Xq°w ]mev km{μnX hr£
(In.- { Kmw) (an.-en-‰¿) Blmcw ({Kmw) Ce {Kmw
1˛5 Znhkw 1.5 ˛2 I∂n- ∏ m¬ ˛˛ ˛˛
6˛30 Znhkw 2˛3 300-˛5-00 A¬]w A¬]w
30-˛60 Znhkw 3˛5 400-˛500 50-˛100 A¬]w
60-˛90 Znhkw 5˛7.5 350-˛500 100-˛150 250
90-˛120 Znhkw 7.5-˛10 ˛˛ 150-˛250 500
5˛6 amkw 10-˛15 ˛˛ 250-˛300 750
6˛12 amkw 15-˛20 ˛˛ 300-˛400 1˛2 In.{Kmw
{]mb-]q¿Øn
bmb BSv 25-˛30 ˛˛ 200-˛300 2˛3 In.{Kmw
sIm‰- \ mSv 30-˛40 ˛˛ 300-˛500 3˛5 In.{Kmw
Btcm-Ky-]-cn-]m-e\w
1. BSp-Iƒ°v Xo‰, sh≈w, F∂nh ipNn-bmb ]m{X-ß-fn¬ \¬Ip-
I.
2. B´n≥IqSv hrØn-bmbpw \\-hn-√m-sXbpw kq£n-°p-I.
3. B´n≥ Ip´n-Iƒ°v amkw tXmdpw hnc-a-cp∂v \¬Ip-I.
4. _mly-]-cm-Z-߃ (sN-≈v, t]≥) F∂n-hsb \nb-{¥n-°m≥ \S-]-Sn-
Iƒ ssIs°m-≈p-I.
5. Id-°p-∂-Xn\v apºpw ]nºpw AInSv AWp-\m-in\n/temj-\p-Iƒ D]-
tbm-Kn®v hrØn-bm-°p-I.
6. Ipf-ºp-tcm-Kw, Ipc-e-S-∏≥ F∂o tcmK-߃s°-Xnsc {]Xn-tcm[
IpØn-shbv]v \S-Øp-I.
7. Blm-c-{I-a-Øn¬ s]´-∂p≈ am‰w Hgn-hm-°p-I.
8. B´n≥Ip-´n-Iƒ P\n® DS≥Xs∂ Ah-bpsS s]m°nƒsIm-Sn-bn¬
AWp-\m-in\n ]pc-´p-I.
BSp-I-fnse tcmK-߃
hnc-i-eyw, hb-dn-f-°w, izmk-tIm-i-kw-_-‘-amb Akp-J-߃,
c‡m-Xn-km-cw, hkq-cn, sS‰-\kv F∂nh km[m-c-W-bmbn BSp-I-fn¬
ImWp∂ tcmK-ß-fm-Wv.

9
 BZm-b-I-c-amb BSp-h-f¿Ø¬
hnc-_m[ B´n≥ Ip´n-I-fpsS hf¿® Xs∂ apc-Sn-∏n-°p∂p Blm-
c-tØm-Sp≈ hnc-‡n, hb-dn-f-°w, {Iam-Xo-X-ambn hb¿ ho¿Øn-cn-°p-
I, XmSn-bpsS ASn-`m-KØv \o¿ho°w F∂nh hnc-i-ey-Øns‚ e£-
W-ß-fm-Wv. amkw tXmdpw hnc-a-cp∂v sImSpØv hnc-_m[ \nb-{¥n-°m-
hp-∂-Xm-Wv.
izmk-tIm-isØ _m[n-°p∂ \yqtam-Wnb aqew izmk-tImi
XS- w, aqs°m-en∏v i‡-amb ]\n F∂o e£-W-߃ {]I-S-am-hp-∂p.
IpS-en¬ D≠m-Ip∂ kq£va ]cm-Z-_m-[-aq-e-amWv c‡m-Xn-kmcw
D≠m-Ip-∂-Xv. hb-dn-f-°w, hnf¿® F∂nh Cu tcmK-Øns‚ apJy-e-£-
W-ß-fm-Wv.
BSp-I-fn¬ apdn-hp-Iƒ th≠-hn[w {i≤n-°m-Xn-cp-∂m¬ AXn¬
IqSn AWp-_m-[-bp-≠mbn sS‰-\kv F∂ tcmKw _m[n-°p∂p Bb-Xn-
\m¬ apdn-hp-I-fpsS ]cn-c£ {][m-\-s∏´ H∂m-Wv.
AIn-Sp-ho-°w, K¿`-On{Zw F∂o Akp-J-ßfpw ]ip-°-fn-se-∂-
t]mse BSp-I-fnepw km¿h-{Xn-I-am-Wv. hrØn-bn-√mØ IqSv, ]cn-k-cw,
AIn-Sn-ep-≠m-Ip∂ £X-߃ F∂nh AIn-Sp-ho-°-Øn\v Imc-W-am-Ip-
∂p. AIn-Sp-ho°w _m[n® ape-°m-ºn¬ \o¿ho°w ImWp-∂p. ]mens‚
LS-\bpw \ndhpw A∏msS hyXym-k-s∏-Sp-∂p. CtXm-sSm∏w hni-∏n-√m-

10
 BZm-b-I-c-amb BSp-h-f¿Ø¬
bva, ]\n, £oWw F∂o e£-W-ßfpw ImWm-dp-≠v. B‚n _tbm-
´nIv acp-∂p-Iƒ IpØn-sh-®mWv Cu tcmKw NnIn-’n-°p-∂-Xv.
hb¿ ho¿°¬ AYhm hb¿s]-cp°w BSp-I-fn¬ km[m-cW
I≠p-h-cm-dp-≠v. Bam-i-b-Øn¬ hmX-I-߃ IqSp-X-embn DXv]m-Zn-∏n-
°-s∏-Sp-Ibpw Ah-bpsS _ln¿K-a\w XS- -s∏-Sp-Ibpw sNøp-tºm-gmWv
CXp-≠m-Ip-∂-Xv. ac-®o-\n-bpsS Xfn-cn-e-Iƒ, d∫-dn-e-Iƒ, shf-f-cn-°,
N°-a-S¬ F∂nh hngp-ßp-tºmƒ sXm≠-bn¬ XS w t\cn-Sp-∂-XmWv
Hcp Imc-Ww. Aan-X-ambn hb¿ ho¿°p-∂Xp sIm≠v, izmtkm-Ozm-k-
Øn\v hnjaw t\cn-Sp-∂p. BSv DZ-c-`m-KØv Nhn-´m≥ {ian-°p-I, IqsS-
°qsS Fgp-t∂¬°p-Ibpw InS-°p-Ibpw sNøp-I, hmbn¬°qSn \cpbpw
]Xbpw hcp-I, ]√p ISn-°p-I, \m°v ]pd-tØ-°n-SpI F∂nh e£-W-
ß-fm-Wv. th≠-hn-[-Øn¬ NnIn-’n-®n-s√-¶n¬ ac-W-s∏-Sp-hm≥ km[y-
X-bp-≠v. AXn-\m¬ F{Xbpw s]s´∂v hnZ-Kv[-Nn-In’ e`y-am-°p-I.
Zl-\-t°Sv BSp-I-fn¬ km[m-cW ImW-s∏-Sp-∂p. Ab-sh-´m-Xn-
cn-°p-I, hb-dp-th-Z-\-bpsS e£-W-߃ ImWn-°p-I, Dt∑-j-an-√m-bva,
Xo‰-bn¬ hnc-‡n, DZ-c-`m-KØv I´n-bp≈ hkvXp InS-°p-∂-Xp-t]mse
tXm∂pI F∂n-hs - b√mw CXns‚ e£-Wß - f
- m-Wv. hb-‰n¬ \n∂v t]mIm-
Xn-cn-°p-Itbm hb-dn-f-°tam ImWp-∂p. Blm-c-{I-a-Øn¬ s]s´-∂p≈
am‰w, {Ia-Øn-e-[nIw [m\y-߃, ]g-Inb Blm-c-]-Zm¿∞-߃, N°-
a-S¬, Iap-In≥]m-f, d∫¿ ]m¬ F∂nh Ign-°p-∂Xv CXn\v Imc-Wm-
Ip-∂p.
hntc-N\ Huj[w DØ-a-am-Wv. Zl-\-t°Sv F¥v Blmcw Ign-®-
Xp-aq-e-amWv F∂-Xns\ B{i-bn-®mWv NnIn’. d∫¿ ]mev IpSn-®-bp-S-
t\-bm-sW-¶n¬ t\¿∏n® t^m¿a-en≥, S¿s]‚-bn≥, tkmUnbw ss_
Im¿_-tW-‰v, kky FÆ-Iƒ F∂nh D≈n¬ sImSp-°p-∂Xv {]tbm-P-
\-{]-Z-am-Wv.
£oc-k-∂n, Iot‰m-knkv F∂o D]m-]-N-b-tcm-K-ßfpw BSp-I-fn¬
I≠p-h-cp-∂p.
BSp-I-fn¬ I≠p-h-cp∂ Hcp ]I¿®hym-[n-bmWv BSp-h-k-¥.
BSp-I-fpsS apJØpw IogvNp-≠nepw {hW-߃, hb-dn-f°w F∂n-h-
bv°p-]p-dsa izmk-tIm-i-sØbpw Cu tcmKw _m[n-°p-∂p. hmbnse
{hW-߃ ImcWw Blmcw Ign-°m≥ km[n-°m-Ø-Xn-\m¬ acWw
kw`-hn-°mw. sshd¬ tcmK-amb BSp-h-k-¥sb {]Xn-tcm[ IpØn-h-
bv∏v -\¬In XS-bm-hp-∂-Xm-Wv.
{]Xyp¬]m-Z\w
12 apX¬ 15 amk-sa-Øp-tºmƒ s]Æm-Sp-Isf CW-tN¿°m-hp-∂-
11
 BZm-b-I-c-amb BSp-h-f¿Ø¬
Xm-Wv. AXm-bXv 15 In.{Kmw Xq°-sa-¶nepw Ah-bv°p-≠m-bn-cn-°-Ww.
s]Æm-Sp-Iƒ°v 28 Znh-k-Øn-sem-cn-°¬ aZn-e-£-W-߃ {]I-S-am-Ipw.
XpS¿®-bmbn hm¬ B´p-I, Ic-®n¬, Akz-ÿ-X, P\t\-{μnbw XSn-®n-
cn-°p-I, AXn¬ \n∂pw t«jva-{Zm-hIw t]mhpI F∂n-h-bmWv aZn-e-
£-W-߃. aZn-e-£Ww H∂p apX¬ c≠p Znhkw hsc \o≠p \n¬°m-
dp-≠v. aZn-bpsS c≠m-asØ ]Ip-Xn-bn¬ CW-tN¿°p-∂-XmWv DØ-aw.
* ap´-\m-Sp-Isf H∂-c-h-b v {]mb-sa-Øp-tºmƒ CW-tN¿°m≥ D]-
tbm-Kn-°mw. \√ ap´-\m-Sp-Isf 5 apX¬ 6 h¿jw hsc {]P-\-\-
Øn-\p-]-tbm-Kn-°mw.
* BSp-I-fpsS K¿`-Imew A©p-am-k-amWv {]k-h-Øn\v Hcp amkw
apºv Idh \ndp-Ø-Ww.
* {]k-hn®v c≠v amkw Ign-bp-tºmƒ s]Æm-Sp-Iƒ aZn-e-£-W-
߃ ImWn-°pw. At∏mƒ ho≠pw CW-tN¿°m-hp-∂-Xm-Wv.

12
 BZm-b-I-c-amb BSp-h-f¿Ø¬
]mep-Xv]m-Z\w
hf-sc-b-[nIw t]mj-I-aq-ey-߃ \nd™ H∂mWv B´n≥ ]m¬.
CXn-ep≈ sImgp-∏pw, amwkyhpw thK-Øn¬ Zln-°p∂ Xc-Øn-ep-≈-
Xm-Wv. IqSmsX IqSp-X¬ hn‰m-an-\p-Ifpw [mXp-e-h-W-ßfpw CXn¬ AS-
ßn-bn-´p-≠v. K¿`n-Wn-Iƒ°pw sIm®p Ip´n-Iƒ°pw Huj-[-ambn B´n≥
]mev \¬In hcp-∂p. B´n≥]m-en¬ icm-icn 4.5 iX-am\w sImgp∏pw 4
iX-am-\-tØmfw amwkyhpw AS-ßn-bn-cn-°p-∂p.
]ip-hn≥ ]mens\ At]-£n®v _^-dnwKv i‡n IqSp-X-em-b-Xn-
\m¬ Bam-i-b-Øn¬ Aæm-[n-Iy-ap-≈-h¿°v B´n≥ ]mev Huj-[-am-Wv.
]ip-hn≥ ]men-t\mSv Ae¿Pn-bp-≈-h¿°pw B´n≥]mev ]Yy-am-Wv.
Znh-khpw cmhn-sebpw sshIn-´p-ambn c≠p-t\cw BSns\ Id-°mw.
C°m-cy-Øn¬ ka-b-¢n-]vXX ]men-°p-∂Xv \√-Xm-Wv. Npc-Ønb ]mev
Ign-hXpw thKw Id-s∂-Sp-°-Ww. B´n≥]mev apgp-h-\mbn Id-s∂-Sp-°p-
∂Xpw Id-°msX apgp-h-\mbn Ip´n-Iƒ°p hnSp-∂Xpw \∂-√. Ip´n-I-
fpsS Bhiyw Ign-™p≈ ]mev Id-s∂-Sp-°-Ww. Id-h-bn¬ ipNnXzw
]men-°-Ww. Id-h-bv°p-ap-ºmbn AInSpw Imºpw hrØn-bm-°-Ww. Id-
h-]m-{X-ßfpw Id-°p-∂-bm-fpsS ssIIfpw ipNn-bp-≈-Xm-bn-cn-°-Ww.
kwip-≤-amb ]mep-Xv]m-Z-\-Øn\v CXv Bh-iy-am-Wv.
amwtkm¬]m-Z\w
B´n-d-®n°p \ΩpsS \m´n¬ \√ {]nb-am-Wv. kwÿm-\sØ
samØw amwtkm¬]m-Z-\-Øns‚ 14 iX-am\w B´n-d-®n-bn¬ \n∂p-am-Wv
e`n-°p-∂Xv. {]Xn-h¿jw 10 e£-tØmfw BSp-Isf \ΩpsS kwÿm-
\Øv Adhv sNøp-∂p-≠v. F∂m¬ tIc-f-Øn¬ Bh-iy-ap≈ B´n-d-®n-
bpsS Hcp `mKw am{Xta \man-hnsS DXv]m-Zn-∏n-°p-∂p-≈q. Hcp hb- n\p
Xmsg-bp≈ BSns‚ Cd-®n-bmWv IqSp-X¬ kzmZn-jvSw. Cfw Nph-∏p-\n-d-
ap≈ B´n-d-®n°p sImgp-∏ns‚ Awiw Ipd-hm-Wv.
B´n≥ tcmaw
KpW-ta-∑bpw hen-∏-hp-ap≈ BSns‚ tcma-ß-fn¬ \n∂v tcma-°p-
∏m-bw, Iºnfn F∂nh DXv]m-Zn-∏n-°p-∂p. At¶md BSp-I-fpsS ta∑-tb-
dnb tcma-߃ "saml-b¿' F∂ t]cn¬ Adn-b-s∏-Sp-∂p. ]mjvan\ tcma-
°p-∏m-bw C≥tUm Sn_-‰≥ta-J-e-bn-ep≈ ]mjvan\ BSp-I-fpsS tcmap-
]-tbm-Kn®v D≠m-°p-∂-h-bm-Wv.
IqSmsX BSp-I-fn¬ \n∂pw In´p∂ ImjvSw ]ip-hn≥ NmW-I-
sØ-°mƒ sa®-s∏´ ssPh-h-f-am-Wv. CXn¬ ss\{S-P≥, t^mkv^-dkv
F∂nh IqSnb Af-hn¬ AS-ßn-bn-cn-°p-∂p.

13
 BZm-b-I-c-amb BSp-h-f¿Ø¬

Btcm-Ky-c-£m-\-S-]-Sn-Iƒ
1. {]Xn-tcm[ IpØn-h-bv]p-Iƒ
tcmKw IpØn- h bv ] p sImSp-°p∂ coXn
\S-tØ≠ {]mbw
Ip-fº
- p-Zo\w 6˛8 BgvN {]mb-Øn¬ 1.-an.-en./Fkv.kn
Hmtcm 6 amkw IqSp-tºmƒ
Bh¿Øn-°Ww
Imen-h-k¥ 3˛4 amkw {]mb-Øn¬ 1. an.en /Fkv.kn
H∂n-S-hn-´p≈ h¿jw
hoXw Bh¿Øn-°Ww
AS-∏≥ 3˛4 amkw {]mb-Øn¬ Hmtcm 0.5 an.en/Fkv.kn
h¿jhpw Bh¿Øn-°pI
Ipc-eS- ∏
- ≥ ˛˛
Icn-¶men ˛˛
BSp-If - nse 6 amkw {]mb-am-Ip-tºmƒ
πqtdm-\yq-tam-Wnb 6 amkw Ign-bp-tºmƒ
B-h¿Øn-°Ww
BSp-h-k¥ 6 amkw {]mb-am-Ip-tºmƒ
Hmtcm h¿jhpw 1. an.en /Fkv.kn
Bh¿Øn-°Ww

2. tcmK-\n¿Wb ]cn-tim-[\
£bw Hmtcm hb p Ign-bp-tºmgpw
]cm-£bw h¿j-Øn-sem-cn-°¬
{_qsk-t√m-knkv h¿j-Øn-sem-cn-°¬

Ah-ew_w ˛
imkv{Xo-ba
- mb BSp-hf
- ¿Ø¬, tIcf Im¿jnI k¿Δ-Ie
- m-ime

14
BZm-b-I-c-amb BSp-h-f¿Ø¬

15
 BZm-b-I-c-amb BSp-h-f¿Ø¬

16