Concrete “Technolo Functions of ingredients =f OPC Reus moterrol = - Thgvedienr Ovde Property Belov quently Lime Coo 65 | Sound 4 Strong Unsound , . Exponcl + Dit intgyrote : Provide Strengtn eee ey cries | ad eu) Silica Sos] a2. Alumina} Anos ¢ Buicle Setting and a lowers the Clinleerigg Eemp von | Colour. [Hardness 4 Sérag th Bee Fes03 | GB Helps in Ructon of revs | moteriats dariqg manufacture | sateen) | st Cement » \ Magnesiu 4 aie | higo a Hardness -& Colour Un sound Sulphur ' 2 So. 2 Sound Uncound Eriowde 2 | 4 < re Incalee 10, i No Use, Hence Should iE forerceDee i Nap be prepent ia Small quenetiy | Boguets Compo nats “The above mentioned ingredient, /enddy are precenty in Row moterials [te Limestone , Clay sheleJ Ufed fi the marufucture of Cement There onde fnkerack with @achotien tn tre kiln at hivh Esrhpera ture tb form more Complex Compounds _ Fdhent Peat by RH. sRovges. hence itis catted ' Rogue's Compounds’. aaa T <9 = =e D Name ep eGreplenes Mares 12 serlale iy tpt 7. | Alte celled Tricaletum Sihicete BCa0- S09 Gs | 4s | Atte Dicateium Siteate Acoo.Siog Gs | 25 | Relite Triceleium GHréebeAluminake | BCao- Akos Ga | Cette Tebracatcium “Alluwino femite| 4 Coo: Alzo;'Fe,03 | Ce AF q Felite © Minor Compouncls Allealtieg > [kno ond Nerong gi il li a a Sulphote atteok \ Step © Famaton of Calctom hycwrxidey CadH), - due te CoS 4+ Gr Cac),-Si0g + B20 —% Cao Sy- Ho +-QCa Cone (Cao), Sios - ' (Goo), S82 + Bho >» Ca0. Ge: bho + CaCotWe ¢ * Cao Stoy-tda0 % Called C-S-l get £ OlS0 Colied Tobermorite ge! ) > Hence, CrS produc more Cacoh) +» Itence #& cr mon responsible thoy Go Seep O Formation of Calcium Culphoty, ’ CaCoWr, + She Suiphobe —> Calcum Sulpphoty + Heo SEEP® Finally veot uit GA De Cokium Sulphoty + Cen —> Comte dekeriovetion of Concrete, Jidence Reduce Sulphott attoch by Reducing Cea Creorty 5) Caer, sf cau, Ry using Plyash, cilice Rime. ene , may reduce Dre bad eect incencnte, “the only adventage "6, Dot caddy), being llcoline tn nature ' meintesn PH opound 12 tm bre Concrete, Which restst Bre Corracion of Rein Porcene, 1) Fanctons of Rogue's Compoundr » t Hysvates more Yopidly , tence Gs i Generate large heat of hydreten % Responsible for arly Skrengm of Cancrete, ons UV Hydrate, Cfouly - Hence Greneretes fers heoe +f hydraton. ' Recponsible fr Later Sbrengtm +f Concrete. s Provide, goed UlEmole Clrngty ; fee wo HeTE ts the det Compound reac with worn. Hines Cowses ine brah Seen of Cement. 2 Harmful 0 tne charcib/ Why “of Concrete , expecially. where tne 1 Concrete altecked by Guiphotes, GAAP B OTe reacy Sloudy cart, weter are Generaty Very Smoil amount =P heat of hydraton & Hence. hep Poor Cemert'pg Value, case) High * eh CzS and low % of GS, recall h Rapid hordening > High oxy Strengty % Producer high heot of hydraton 3 Lecc recigtance be Sulphate altack. Facet) Lowr of C2S amd High % of CS, ently " Slas hardening > Much more Ulb'mete Strength R produces less heot of hydration ZB Greata retittene ft Sulphere attack.pes of Cements X Ordiney Portlant Cement Cope) te There ave Ghee bypy Ope 32,43 453 Graley Ces! Qe Te hoe adequete reeisbante bo dry Chrinkage £ Crecking B Rut ha Lece Yesrgtunce tp Chemical obec . Hence ere Ghovi not be uted for Ushere Sulphaty in the soit /eseten- wee Oem ™ ZL dogg Sevens 32 Yon Cement morter- 143 by Rapis Hardening Portlant Cement te Ze lops Come Ckvengh, #9 Tdoys . of expected of OPC in Toys R By making High * of GS £ low ~ of Ge B Used in Read vepair works, Cold weatner Concrete , Carly Pasrey Clerk le fh. by neetnedion! Moss Cencreee) Canstucke? ©D Sulphate Resigeng Cement b Geneve lly oe an Ea Canter & Stok ZQAtGAF PWM” Recommended veel faltering Candi bone, 1 Marine Conditons Cie Alternate wettiag + edging) Like Cutventy , Hine d canals. Qs sewage Lreatment usorty » Irke Sewer pipes. Bs Rasementy + forndecons howig Sulphate alteck. a) Low heat portland Cement of CaS + CzA and increasing Ce Te achived by vedwcing the % Such ey Dame. \ Ucefar fe mass Concrete Cworls + Love Hardening porttane Cement, but grect vllimese Strenghy,| 2% Also Cates 2) High Alumina Cement Achived hy increasing Alumina & Sea woth y 2 35% Le usepat in Chemical plenty 2 Used in hoving high temperotn lke Furnaces, et Ins, Chimneys. - ete. £) Black Birnace Stag Cement TE = Cheap + economical , although Safe upte Mo L- Usefal tn mass Concrete “orks A. Te Causy elorescence, due te bw pretence of Allceling H Pozzolona Cement CPP) Te & mode by integroty (Tax ope + Sor porzolena), [Pexrelona ty Essentially a SI1iClous material Containing Clay opte SOY, « 1s Uor'dety led Pr Hydrouic Sbrectury , Sch af Dams, Wetht.- ere. W) Coloured Cement: Prepered by adding 5-15 % of Lulleble Colouring Pigment before Ge Cement is Ray fDlaced on Grund Alto Catlect “ Colocrete ", \ Usidely ad fer fneshing of Ploors, external Sirfuces. eteTesting of Portland Cement \. Field / Physical Testing Only used for Miner works Crt givy Some Mdee about Good [od mess of Cemert) Is Colour of Cement Shoald rormaty be Green'ch Jrey: %- The bag loolcay goo Surface, do net howe ony lamps. B- Hand Putt of Cement Ehrowin into bucket of wot, te Plea Rr Some Lime befor trey Sink. 4 thrust your hand inte Cement bag. TE mut give You a Coo! Peeling, 5: Rubbed in bmn fingers, *& feels Cmootn, 9% Fineness Test Finer Cement (3-254) hy 9 Che. te, the feape void Fabre ond By eheve amecren iinee comune fesimulsian ection Gta ets Seeaigeey cl) Weight of residue (et after Steve Throgh Ts Sieve Nord COM) Ploy. for ope BY for PPC b) Air Permeability methed Accurate metned . Finesr can be found by Passe, Dry ar througty the bet of Cement: " Blain Gir permeability appantus " is More Commonty employed in indior. 2 = oc Specific Surface &. LL50 Cm*/am “ ZBooo cm2/emn > PPC 3) Consistency Test Broo cay dee OF pleted fatale reat Punctionizy Een Coarten Cement (é een) move Cobesivene fefec hesivenece, This Lect is Conducted be determine tre Percenteye of weta CP) Yequired fa Preporig Cement potty of Stunderd Concistency fo otnen kexts (5: Settng Lime, Soundness $ Compresrid Sbrengty tery) > Vicatls Apporatus veed t determine tre C inibral Setting ime , Final Setting time 4 Normal Coasrstency ) of Bre Cement, ? For thie Consistency test Witat's Opporadus Goncrity of 2 Plunger hoving 10mm die £ Somm fenstn. Aes > Take 500gm of Coment & mixed with wotn 25% (Far first trai) the paste Priled into tre Vicat's mould with in 3-S mimty. * > Release the pPlangen from the bop Surface of Cement foaste - > observe the Penetration of Plunger. > The Cement Poste * Sotd t be Standard Concisbency iP Che plunger Ss penetrates for 0 depry of BS-I5mm from Lop. 7 Tf nok Satisfied McreveZolecrese tye Woker by [~2% £ Conduct brele, w« P= Percentege of Woot vequired Ee Produce a Cement Poste of Stemclord Conestengy ,— Ly) Setting Teme Terk Inctrument — Vicot's Apperetus | Room Eemperotue = 2FLLC Comet Semple >= oa Skop watth Sterled ~ From the roof waka = O8SP | Addition of water LO Comen- ® Initial Seltry Time 4 Somin Penetration needle - Squore needle (1mm x Imm) Feemissrble Penetrotton level = Brmem from boltem Stop wetch Stepped — When tne needte Ckeps frenetvobon at 5mm I b) Finot Settng Time > 10 hes Penetrebon Needle - Circular needle Chm dra) “havigy Shorp eindk 7760 Called “Aonular Collar". Sbp wotch Cbepped - When be needle Cleps Penclhrabon ak O-5mm From tre bop, 15) Soundness Test 7 Inckrument - Le-Chatel'er apparatus fof watw - O-1epP Unconnd Causey - Due & Ine presente of Excecs Lime + Mognesia >The Aifterence bln tuo weockras (intkrot %& after Cooling ty boiled Concrete with Yotr) rnditety te Expontion ef Comenk. os This Expantion = lomm 6) Comprecsiv, Stengty “Test ierter alics Canesten mr CrceN Surface arta - Socmt Z of wscter = (Me 43%) cb Gmbinat wont ct (Cement +send) > Compercive Stengin 4 VS W/mmz at tne Cod of B, chow 7) “Tensile SErenghn “Test 198 Seomtoe *tadtsised. ffi SO “Wire = deg * Tensile Skrengn + 2 Simm? 3 deat Y ofrsser~ (Erase) 25 Nymme 1 choadAggregate s Naturet eggregety - Sancl, Grovh, Crushed mock ert used for Rec Aytificrol Aggregety ~ Fiwnace Clincker, Coke breere , Savy Agt and Feamed Slag are vsed fox Concrete of bow cleasity. Shape of. asyvegaty [sz ptsmm . Called Cyclopecn aggregate | | Roundghape agaregoty (River @ Sea Chere grovel) Has minimum Yoids 7 32-38% A Lrveguley agaregeey (prt Cand # grovel) Hos Woh of Vords > 35- 38y, 3: Sharp + Angular agaregoty C Cruched week) Ida Martimum voids ~ S&-Loy. te Elacky aggregates Thickness fs Very Small ay Compared b> Lengty /usrd th , Least dimension (Thiclness) “ of mean dimension 5. Elongated agaregats Length i¢ vory lege Y Compored b vordtn/tnecleness, Gresterormecio.C Cena), > 'e maneon dimension , ( Mecin dimension + Aig Sreve Size ¢ Y O99eeats Bet retened € Las prasriy) weight of aggregates 1. Normet Weight Sands , Gwavelt $ Cruthed aocky of Gronte, Racal, quorte, Sancdstone 4 lime Seve, Spar 2:5 -2.4% Concrete (9) = 23-26 kx/mi 2. Hea weight Hematite, Megneble, Greathite, Spy - 28-30 | Concrete C2) bexghe , Screp iron. etc, = 28 -Zo ke/ms P Thee ce nok APproprieteyy Groded. 3+ Leght weight Cinder, pumice, Volcanic , diatom@te eke oS Ze Unit wt of only agoregoty ~ FQ Ne on >It prowde high tesrstena to fire Drynece of Osoegates Vey dy engaregate ~ Zero moisture Dy asamgate - May be mostue in Pores #, bat Sofuce dey Sctturcted -Surfatce dy agoregat: - Ful moisture in Pores - bot Surface dry Morse agaregute ~ [roves £ Surface ove fily wee, 4 arbifrerl aagiegaty in ‘Pores £ Sur PaceSpeciPe growky : doerght of Oven dy aggregates Apporeok Specifre grow 22D ani os Se le Ds s Absokite volume, Exchedinn Raburol Pony in Agongeey Bulk SpecPe grawty = Useight =P over dy aggregates i Absofute volume, Inchdeny noburak Pory in Gang, TTeebng of agarguty a AD Imyoct “to determine the “Teaghnecs of the agoregote , ? Hammer rs lifted up 38cm @ Subpectead bo SS (5 blovor Claes Y Cruching Value Test TTS determine tre Crushing Sbreagth of the agaegce. % Constant load f 4Etors applied at the rate +f IBRans /2at ass ? Cwishing voke < 30% fr Cororere vied fox Food Povementy Y. Foe then SEC " ust Foe other ef Bie en WE PeScing Mrrsugt, 2°36 mn Sere 2 by volue eet | aes ee ete ee ws Aggregate Orushng/Ennpack Coal mare Pare a O) Abrasion Value alue “Test Haretnece ) Te determine the Tesistante of Gn aggregate t weer token rE tr Wolaked th 4 Gander of about love Fe velbons. by sig Los Angles machine RE pssing Qwougt ITrom Steve aften bese Abrasion Val ae = go ea Angnek Overall Ut of AZgrgores mej Obeswiett) Hardness = Bo RE mah Imm Cie Lats in grome J 3 PS teres > Rbrasion Value < Bor Par Wearig Pacey Sox Poni Men- wearin, Surfaces, 4) Rutleing of Snel The increace 17 Vohime of Send due to te prerence -f Mmortture uplo Certain extent if Catted bulligy of end. ( Rattray ico rate ) Rotem Paced var Welacerveitis toe Volume ofp oly Send a ©) Delekerrous motensis th agaregaty They produce bec effect on tre Ruction# Paputy -f azgegety, The Sam oft Ys of all deleteriog trateray A 5% D Fineness Modubr [% Sp FAS = fen h xo | i: a 7 Tra TE givy Game fen Ov of the average Cie of portely In Ke Aggregate . Fine send 5 22-26 [-% Sort hows Prenete moduny (Pm) 126-24 MOR Den Be lott be unsrtorte Lon ming Cubs foctay Centred - ; Medium snd Coowse Sane Gabwba sr.CN SSS_TSTS CC — i AAmixtuves Coot Used b Qecelercte the mi bel Setting bre of Cancrese Needed! When 9 Conoretty Pleiced vale foo temperature a Chlonite acl) a Reteralere Ceaterum Sutphare + Gypim ) USed bv dletey the hydration procece =P ini eal Seung Eme, F Needed in bok weother ond boo brcocportetion Eme, D Plastrerzers CCarbohyetroves ) Also Called “ Waktu Teducers” ?Needed at high Workability ausy Sergohon + bedding. *) Other important pleckcirey = Calcium, amnraniumd. Sodium ligne Sulphonates, 7 They permit were weducken vplo 5-15 % 4) Sipe plasterrec (Modi fed Ingro Suiphonoty # Acylre polymer) Are tre improved Veatron of Plas enters, F They Permib Wwolr reductsn Upto Bor 7 Mosely wced fy Pinoy Self levettign. SIP Compotys Concrete > TL Conbe mixed c'th Air-entsainment ayents fir Fedycay air entrainment and tncreasing the Cvorkebinfy 5) Aiv-Entroming (Animal + vegitable fats, olle and, their falty acids) Entreining _ Air addled/drstrrbuteded evtnly in tne entire mus of Conver, Yong ing Bmx Sr BOI. Fintrappet ~ Vords present in Pre Concrene due be in fren Com pac Hon, in Void Jere. 2 These Qi -Entroming bosenty Pome bubble ¢ Waherseneece voter present » (They Gn tate mej Converted inte Ice whch be Sepereted out by Coprlery Pores), Since, tre excess Increcss Pressure on Contrebe . Co Zee ts (9% Mere Voleme bron wooden) ? Whence , magarfy Used tohere Alternating, Freeing Ehowetng > Tk alo tncresty Oe workability of Concrete. 8) Aw detrotning C77 butgt- pheephote ) ? Disshpatng excess Giv 6) Othe gaser and ? Removing excess entromed air Pom Concrete VD Poxzolantc CFiney divided Siliceour Substances) To reduce tre Celcnm hhydrosede ConCentraton , Porrdante Moterial + CaCott) —> Tro + C-s-14 Cael) @ “(Sodium benzoate, Sodium nrtrate-. etc) % Corson ini > Eo emplayjed te Control tre Corrasion of Steel reinforcement in Concrete.RS ee Udaker # Weta Coment Rotto Water ter g | pe ble wotex Ore Jenerolly Considered Satis factory Be rping em ee PH value of wet Shout be 62 4 46 Wakey-cenent Roto (By Duff Abram) Gye pee) p= eae Luaeght of Cement Os > Isls 2 Conewe 0-50 7 Wikis 4 O-5-065 NUH” W/e * © workable mix greeks wit be HES fbeagy > AcCordigg te Abram lesser tue Cantey Henery- Combed > ip Ue Z ous, the Concrete *5 net Workable, Containing & large moog voids, _ [et “ie =e5 Permissible Lim’ (rus) [ The quantty -f maisung. tiodleh veguived Ped one Styucture , oxtt be hecch yo Solids in Woten Zoo m/e . Organic I beg 4 en 2. Znorganic Boos maf. 3 at | 3. Sulphetes (or Sow) too 9/t Bega cone, | & Chlorides Cap. cl) = Qooo git 7 Ploin concrete —— gob maf > Ree 5. Sespended mater 2000 maf JorkebTiky The Gore wit, which & Gr be mined, bensportet and Pleced inc Joost@en fn ho mogeneaus Stake. te be workeble if ve ‘6 Mixable, Stable, Pl woble / > Concrete Sf Sareh L Pinecheble- morale , Compecteble a) Waker Content AL los Wc nok Workable + D Size f angregety Large Cite ga at Mor Usorkoble » Ce FR Feqeires more 15 arenes ‘ At high Wie ek highly workable (hut rot Anishable) YD Shope of agarngory Roand Shope — Fncreaty Angalor, Flaky , elongated ~ ecreoty, Coovkatiirly S) Surface Lexbure of agarageey Srpocta Surface *nCreay wvetobilrty | ©) Vord xabo UniPorm Void ato Cre well graded agrregaty) nCrecsey Usoskositity, 12) ie entroining agents Produced arr bubbly Ack a rollers ond Thus MnCreacey Worldly, SD Adm ®cbures The use of Plorbictzers Git Mncresse Cre worteab by h) Tempereture workability of Concrete mi Feduce ob high temperature., 3: Heowly weinforced Cectons °n Meacurement of Workability (Slump Test > Suitable only for Medoum~ High Workab' lity 7 Max Cireof agg + 3Fmm 7 Slump Volie Mntreaty - Workobi rly increas 2. Compaction Factor test — 200 man > Suitable for Medium— Jou workabilitiy 7? Concrete Con be Compected by failing fom upper tone lmou Cytinden. | t Compection factor = WUShE of Pork ally Competed Concrete W Duval Woeyght of Fully Compacted eae 1 3- Vee -Ree best 7 Sritable far SUF Concrete hovng low Very four workobility 4 7 The Eme required for tne Shope of Concrete LS Chenge from Shemp Cone Shape to Cylindrical Lhepe in Ce Condy is known ey Vee hee etme, ; i Degree of [ Slump [Gompocton] Vee be. Placing Conditions Wworkabiity] Cram) | faceor (Se) |. Gurtding Concrete, Shellas Sections Nery Low | 2925 .15—0+ Qo- Pavement usigs JPovert 0 Paras | eee & Mass Concrete, Lightly Teinforced Sect’ons tn Slabs, beams, walls, Columns Floors, | Low | Q5-75 [O80-0'85) 10-5 “g Hond pleced Povements , Sai Conol Wainy & Strep footings Selah coal eomnaneaaile oe eiCelumn’ Medium | 50-100 | o.¢5-0.92| 5-2 Shyp Formwork , Pumped Concrete T= 100 » + Us Trench Fil, Ta-situ piling IHigh | loo-150 | yo-a2 | 2-0 5: Tremte Concrete (Device Jowered into wiater to depasit) Very Hixh | 7/50Process of Manufacture f& Concrete [. Rote hing @) Measurement of mrobental ¢ A) Volume Ratohin, Th 3 an app owen oke metwod, Hence ured for Lmat! Tobs, > The Volume of One bay of Cement © beken a 3S bey . for agg Proportion Crue Cement mr abvegs mectured ty weight. TE et mean macured Im volume), —7 Wooden gauge bores (called Formas ) art sect Poe meosurig FA + OR For mentorigg 50 Ire of aggregate, inner dimension of Forma = Bx 31x 52cm [ Fiteor Grea of fe begiel Compe = 0-3 m= 49 EYES 1Outats ish b) Wwenghe Batchiey Stictly Speateng - moberra Hence adopted fw For Concrete mix of frery. weigh bokdhigg & Correct mervod of Meatarieg Amportant Concrete worky, tre moden'al Bef eae Bo ky (Cement) + To ktves Ra) : Iho Veg Copa). Waleene: botciving Sokg Ceement) 1 100 kg (Finy | 200 be GAD Wegh batching 2. Mining % sned # Tun at oopeed f 15-20 ‘rev/enin(Mocro! enix) Concrete markert Ore desis 25 - BO wey/min (Well designed J 3. Tras pork'ng Concrete °$ trongported by Pomps Be Concrebing op tunnel lengg.. Da he Concrete Con be (xPtu by [mmr Enmyna Mmawaiue VeXteal citer . of Bom: > Lobile Grnsportng Shrtd be 05 0-65, soups the We l- Placng > Concree Should not he dap Bom o hegre more Ten Leb Car use) > Pheing af Concrete Stowe from woidty waige in RCC Slobs Prom One end. 5+ Comjoacton . Tg the Process adapted Pu expetling the entropped are Prom the Cancale, 8) Wand Compacton edéjpteay for Lmoll 44 Garmpertsnk Worley Immeccion &) Needle © )ocker Whrete) ChoPt cmel a Needle at end. only b) Interna vibrator (Also catted Concisig of % Power Uark, & Flewble Used pe slage. Cechay, oF Wael! Cmcrete work, €) Externe Vibrater (Alto Called Firm coor a1 Shutter vibrate ) The Vibroten gitn & Ire Pormusorle Se thot the Concrete in tne weinity of the Shatter Jeky Wihbroted. Columns, laters bey” A heavy sernforced Sectorpt thr wulle, -2 Uled fer > Cave Shetl be taken Fe bleeding 2 Leakage.3) Surface @) Screed Roard Whraters A smont Whratey Placed 07 te creed board give an effect metned of Compockng # fereliing of Ena Cancrete members, > Sch y Mostly, Floor Slabs # wWof Sloke ef Ureknen ¢ ISem > o 7 Fer Slabe of > 15cm th'ctmy Darble beam Screed boorel Vibrators" are moy be used. 2 Table w'bretey Concrete 13 So placed on the beable , '& Con be vibrated. > Thete ot Commonly used in labboratorig, for mokiey Cabyy » Gylndes ete, Platform vibrator Lut a table Whrotor, but 't is large iq Gre, beg nothing > USed io the Mamdbacture -f forge pre-fabnicotecl Concrete Clementy Such gy Cleckrie Pela, ailuny Neopet , YooPieg etementy «6b, 2) Vibratory fRofler A vewcle Cantednigg wollen , > Gienerony CP) ompett be Rese. Coarre oft tre reed. WW Vhroky bre Concrete. Note 2 Vibrators Ore most Guiteble Pe Lovo-medium Worksble Concrete, > For High Workable Concrere FE Mey lead te Segresate, 6: Curing Concrete derives its Strergtn by tre hydration of Gement Parkicter, Note: Cement wey % We F O23 Pr bydrovon £ 015 for fitiey the voide @ Hence Mrinimen Beguirement Pf be = o-3E 7 Athop Prackcaly Bee of ye = 0-50 7 By aipplyeay heok (*e wit aXcelerate tre hydration) y keeping Gncrote wet sil Setutty faster Cangy. 7 Conceete gains Sbrensta upto 100% afin be cuaiy of 29 cage, 7% Concrete Should be kept Gonstontly wet fee at fease Fdays > Normot ope Where Admixtury 09 blended Cement are Cyed fo dacs = 10 doys > Concrete expared te Arysf hot twenty Condition Lip days Ad mixtury F hot Cencitton F. Finsshing The. vesulty f Serge Fio'shipg are good "Pf Slump 'f about Bomm D Screeding > Tk & Oe levetnyy operon thet remover humps hollovas Ond Give O true ond Uniform Concrete SurPace, D) Flaating : Te tS the Procecs of Removing the Urreguloxittey from the Surface of Conmerete [ePE afta Sereeding « D Trwelting : Te Ghe Find APeration of Finishing Era contee eke EL ie Perfarmed where Smoot ack dence Surface t reguired, (1 lt) me& Stévippiy of Farm work > Formusork Shall be Yemoved o¢ Soon at Possible APEex Ere Concrete hey set, be avoid Shenkage Cractag. 7 Forme Shall not be weleated /removed Unb! fhe Concrete hoy Achieved & Strengm of at lees Tusice the Sbrece bo wbch the Concreke mouy be Cubyected ot the L’me of Femowl of formusoxk, “) Ptnimum perrod TS " Bpe of Formwork betor Cbnvpng. @) VerEcel Formusort Es Columns, wolls 122208 + heoms by Soffit formwork bo Slabs se den Cprops be berfined immediately of ter remove of Porm work) © Sofft Pormuorle b beams A days Cpnps & be vrefixed Mmmedvotely ofa removal of form werte ) 4) props te Slobs D Spening upte 4S 7 days 2) Spanning over "5m fue days €) props & beams & arches D Spenning urte 6m tye teys D1 doys YD Spanning Over em by of Concrete Tk te be Prperty ly woth Concrete. parfesses Same Skreet throusbout: ES fe tme Without Much Shrinkage # Cracking Focter affeck'g olurability Ore Wie & Coment Content F PMonimun Cemenk Content = 450 kg/m > Pinimum “Cement Content = if bored on Exparure Condi tiong Exposare. Plain. Concrete Reinfarced Contre te conation | Grade | ve [Min ore | Grate [Tire [eetient Maild ‘| 4g || 0-60 | P20 Me | 055 | Zoo Moderate Mis 0-60 240 Mas 50 | Soa . Severe Meo | 0-So}. 250 Meo | O-us | 529 q | Nery Severe, Meo | O45 260 Mgs | O45 [ag | Extreme Mag | O-40 2e0 Mus Oua, eS, > above veluy ore SpecPed for, Adarcgate of Zomm Nomink mox S26, Ft ok? 2 lomm ~~ Bokey/ms Leomm Should be adapted Par Comenc,BiConcrete Grodes TYPE sf Concrete de > 2 of Pntreas | Ovdinag Canceete Mio - Meo Goeodsem ise hos 7 Amer or € of Compressive Skreny ty Lsitnage. Oe baw tt. canerats Mos - Mss hol! be bused on actuak fnvesegobyy FP Gade > Ms5 Pole wert deber mired Bs High Strengin Concrete = M60 SPecielized eAperimotal Testy , Mix properton D Design Mix Concrete (Fev ony Gude of Coneete) DY Nominal MX Concrece 2 M20 (may be uteck With tre Permission of Foes Engineer -in- Charge , f densa mix not needes) > For Nomind MX , Proporton “f FAL CA 'S Jemeratly [£2 , bat Cubyecteat be on upper Itt of 11th and own hmit of 119h © PF Mox Sire of agsrescte Poo UI, 12 ant 12h are lomm, Pomm, omm Tipe e eS Minimory Type of Constracton cade Grade Nominol mix (i assem) |} Lean Concrete bocer Ms + My, mM = ——— iS R ploin Conccete Comet (Pco)| Mio 7 Serica . ~ Mas Be RCC Generel Construction | Mis rr ao eed — Mio er Wata tantly, domet, Meo Fal Blaed_tonks. my —— Mzo (Rec) 5. In Sea weokn | mee Cree} Mes post -Lencioned PSC | M30 eae mae 7. ppre- tensioned Pec Myo ~