UNIVERSITI TEKNOLOGI MARA

FACULTY OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING

Computer Integrated
Manufacturing (CIM)

WEEK 2:
 Introduction to CIM
 CIM Concepts & Implementation
 Modern Manufacturing Approaches &
Technologies (Chapter 1)

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CIM Defined
 Computer Automation Systems Association
(CASA): CIM is the integration of the total
manufacturing enterprise through the use of
integrated systems and data communications
coupled with new managerial philosophies that
improve organizational and personnel efficiency.

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CIM Defined
 A new approach to manufacturing, management and
corporate operation.
 Includes many advanced manufacturing technologies such
as robotics, CNC, CAD, CAM, CAE & JIT.
 Total enterprise quality, continuous improvement,
customer satisfaction, use of a single computer database
for all product information, no communication barriers
among all departments & integration of enterprise
resources.
 It is a new way to do business.

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CIM Defined
 Technology, tool or method used to improve entirely the design and
manufacturing process and increase productivity. Using computers to
help people and machine to communicate (Fall, 1999)

 Focuses on the computers as the centre of control of the entire

factory, starting from the computerization of the fabrication and
assembly processes to the information flow for production control,
quality, maintenance, material handling, and inventory control in a
totally integrated system (Asfahl, 1992)

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CIM Defined
 Keywords:
 Computers
 Integrated operations and activities
 Information flow
 Automated systems

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CIM is not just…
 Automated hardware and software.
 A manufacturing system bought from a
vendor.
 Manufacturing strategies such as JIT.

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… also includes
 Managerial philosophy: uses customer
satisfaction as the basis for decisions, values the
ideas of every employee, works towards
continuous improvement.
 In addition: shares data across all the
departments, uses automation hardware and
software to integrate enterprise operations
effectively so that product data are created only
once and used many times.

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New Manufacturing Enterprise Wheel

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Enterprise Wheel
 Customer: The primary target for all marketing, design,
manufacturing and support efforts in the enterprise.
 Organizing, hiring, training, motivating, measuring and
communicating to ensure teamwork and cooperation.
 Shared corporate knowledge, systems and common data
used to support people and business. Resources include
manual and computer tools to aid research, analysis,
innovation, decision making and control of processes.
 3 categories of processes, product/process definition,
manufacturing and customer support & 15 key processes to
form product life cycle.
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Enterprise Wheel
 Resources: capital, people, materials,
management, information, technology and
suppliers.
 Infrastructure: customers and their needs,
suppliers, competitors, prospective workers,
distributors, natural resources, financial markets,
communities, governments, educational and
research institutions.

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CIM Concepts –
Similar to the
Enterprise Wheel
that divides its
operational
aspects of CIM

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CIM Concepts
 3 process segments with overlapping areas that
indicate shared data and resources.
 First segment - Design: Product design data is
needed in manufacturing planning and control
(MPC) to plan process routings.
 The development of product will start in the
design circle and moves in the direction of the
arrows.

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CIM Concepts
 Second segment - MPC: For product
development which includes process planning,
production scheduling, inventory mgmt, capacity
planning required for efficient manufacturing.
 Third segment - Production: Shop floor activities.

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CIM Implementation
 The CIM Process:
 Step 1: Assessment of the enterprise in 3 areas. Capability,
strengths, weaknesses are identified, measured and documented
 Technology – level and process capability

 Human Resources – current workforce readiness to adopt

CIM
 Systems

 Step 2: Simplification – elimination of waste. Need to eliminate

unneeded operations before automating. Eg. Eliminate
transportation by placing machines nearer.
 Step 3: Implementation with performance measures. Install
hardware and software as specified.

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Case Study: The Benefits of a CIM
Implementation
 139 respondents
 Biggest benefits are
manufacturing cost
and quality.
 What are the
benefits?

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Questions:
1. Write the definition of computer-integrated
manufacturing (CIM).
2. Describe all of the elements of the enterprise wheel.
3. Describe the three-step process for implementing CIM.
4. What are the obstacles to a CIM implementation?

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Computer Integrated Manufacturing
(CIM)
 System that applies computer and
communications technology to all the
operational functions and information
processing functions in manufacturing
from order receipt through design and
production to product shipment.

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Major Applications of CIM
 Computer Numerical Control (CNC)
1. Technologies
 Adaptive control 2. Devices and
equipment
 Industrial robots 3. Strategies
 Automated handling of materials
 Automated and robotic assembly systems
 Computer-aided process planning
 Just-in-time production
 Group technology
 Artificial intelligence
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Why Use CIM?
 Responsiveness to rapid changes in market
demand and product modification.
 Better use of materials, machinery, personnel,
reduction inventory.
 Better control of production and management of
the total manufacturing operation.
 The manufacture of high-quality products at low
cost.

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Modern Manufacturing Approaches
and Technologies (Chapter 1)
 Automation - use of automated equipment instead of
labor to decrease labor time, cost, production cycle
time, increase product quality and consistency.
 Material handling technologies - because
manufacturing usually involves a sequence of
activities performed at different locations in the plant.
 Manufacturing systems - integration and coordination
of multiple automated/manual workstations/material
handling technology. No independent operation of
individual workstations.

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Modern Manufacturing Approaches
and Technologies
 Flexible manufacturing - to compete in the low-
volume/high-mix product categories.
 Quality programs - to achieve high quality
expected by today's customers by employing
techniques such as six sigma, etc.
 CIM - to integrate design, production, and
logistics. Technologies such as CAD, CAM &
computer networks.
 Lean production - more work with fewer
resources.
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Production System Defined
A collection of people, equipment, and
procedures organized to accomplish the
manufacturing operations of a company.
Two categories/levels:
 Facilities – the factory and equipment in
the facility and the way the facility is
organized (plant layout).

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Production System Defined
 Manufacturing support systems – the set of procedures
used by a company to manage production and to solve
technical and logistics problems in ordering materials,
moving work through the factory, and ensuring that
products meet quality standards.

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Production System Facilities
 Facilities include the factory, production machines and
tooling, material handling equipment, inspection
equipment, and computer systems that control the
manufacturing operations.
 Plant layout – the way the equipment is physically
arranged in the factory.
 Manufacturing systems – logical groupings of equipment
and workers in the factory.
 Production line
 Stand-alone workstation and worker

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Manufacturing Systems
Three categories in terms of the human participation in
the processes performed by the manufacturing system:
1. Manual work systems - a worker performing one or
more tasks without the aid of powered tools, but
sometimes using hand tools.
2. Worker-machine systems - a worker operating
powered equipment.
3. Automated systems - a process performed by a
machine without direct participation of a human
worker.

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Manufacturing Systems

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Manufacturing Support Systems
Involves a cycle of information-processing activities that
consists of four functions:
1. Business functions - sales and marketing, order entry,
cost accounting, customer billing.
2. Product design - research and development, design
engineering, prototype shop.
3. Manufacturing planning - process planning,
production planning, MRP, capacity planning.
4. Manufacturing control - shop floor control, inventory
control, quality control.

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Information Processing Cycle in
Manufacturing Support Systems

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Automation in Production Systems
The automated elements of the production systems are:
1. Automation of manufacturing systems in the factory.
2. Computerization of the manufacturing support
systems.
 The two categories overlap because the automated
manufacturing systems are implemented by computer
systems and connected to the computerized
manufacturing support systems and management
information system.

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Automated Manufacturing Systems
 Perform operations such as processing, assembly,
inspection & material handling. Reduced level of human
participation.
 Examples: automated machine tools that process parts,
automatic material handling & storage systems to
integrate manufacturing operations, automatic inspection
system for quality control, etc.
 Three basic types: (1) fixed, (2) programmable & (3)
flexible automation.

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Computerized Manufacturing
Support Systems
 Use of computer systems to design the
products, plan the production, control the
operations & perform various functions.
 Examples: CAD, CAM, CAD/CAM, etc.
These uses computer systems to
support/perform functions for product
design or manufacturing engineering.

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Reasons for Automating
 Think???

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Questions:
 What are the four functions included within the scope of
manufacturing support systems?
 What is manufacturing lead time?
 What is work-in-process?
 What are some of the reasons why companies automate
their operations?