THE UNIVERSE

SOLAR SYSTEM: The Solar System is the gravitationally bound system of the Sun and
the objects that orbit it, it is the largest and it’s formed 4.6 billion of years ago.

In the solar system there‘re eight planets. The four smaller planets are
Mercury, Venus, Earth and Mars, they are terrestrial planets, The two largest, Jupiter
and Saturn, are giants and the two outermost planets, Uranus and Neptune, are ice giants.

UNIVERSE‘S THEORIES: I’m going to talk about two theories. There are the Big
Bang theory and the cosmic inflation.

The Big Bang theory:

The Big Bang theory is a cosmological model for the observable universe from the earliest
known periods through its subsequent large-scale evolution. The model describes how the
universe expanded from a very high-density and high-temperature state, and offers a
comprehensive explanation for abroad range of phenomena, including the abundance of light
elements.

Cosmic Inflation:
In physical cosmology, cosmic inflation, cosmological inflation, or just inflation, is a
theory of exponential expansion of space in the early universe. The inflationary epoch lasted
from 10−36 seconds after the conjectured Big Bang singularity to sometime between 10−33 and
10−32 seconds after the singularity.

STARS AND OTHER BODIES:

A star is an astronomical object consisting of a luminous spheroid of plasma held together by its
own gravity. The nearest star to Earth is the Sun. Many other stars are visible to the naked eye
from Earth during the night, appearing as a multitude of fixed luminous points in the sky due to
their immense distance from Earth. The Universe contains lots stars, but most are invisible to the
naked eye from Earth, including all stars outside our galaxy, the Milky Way.

A celestial body is a naturally occurring physical entity, association, or structure that exists in
the observable universe.
ASTRONAUTS :
An astronaut or cosmonaut is a person trained by a human spaceflight program to command,
pilot, or serve as a crew member of a spacecraft.

Until 2002, astronauts were sponsored and trained exclusively by governments, either by the
military or by civilian space agencies. With the suborbital flight of the privately funded Space
Ship One in 2004, a new category of astronaut was created: the commercial astronaut.

Space travel milestones

The first human in space was Soviet Yuri Gagarin, who was launched on April 12, 1961,
aboard Vostok 1 and orbited around the Earth for 108 minutes.
The first woman in space was Soviet Valentina Tereshkova, who launched on June 16, 1963,
aboard Vostok 6 and orbited Earth for almost three days.
Alan Shepard became the first American and second person in space on May 5, 1961, on a 15-
minute sub-orbital flight aboard Freedom 7.
The first American to orbit the Earth was John Glenn, aboard Friendship 7 on February 20,
1962.
The first American woman in space was Sally Ride, during Space Shuttle Challenger's
mission STS-7, on June 18, 1983.
In 1992 Mae Jemison became the first African American woman to travel in space
aboard STS-47.
Cosmonaut Alexei Leonov was the first person to conduct an extravehicular activity (EVA),
(commonly called a "spacewalk"), on March 18, 1965, on the Soviet Union's Voskhod 2
mission.
This was followed two and a half months later by astronaut Ed White who made the first
American EVA on NASA's Gemini 4 mission.[39]
The first manned mission to orbit the Moon, Apollo 8, included American William
Anders who was born in Hong Kong, making him the first Asian-born astronaut in 1968.