Im & or Class Notes PDF

Im & or Latest class sotesnae oC 7 rae ee : Queime HERS: aecten’ oe — Mathematical behaviour of yous vas first studied by = Ww ‘ji -\ a Character 7 dy Arrival pattern : : i eo 2) Departure pattern. : of , ; at— 3) Priority rales al +H 4) Customer behaviour. \Y& Arrival pattern can be deterministic oy pro babilistie Soe . Sysgeo! + . 0) DeterminisHe > D. Cape com re exnen a ceuctroet conoed) SYREN St Sy Probabilistic 2, MeGags cack en eatoen econ cases) « * SAL Vea por E cent) Sore + Probabilistic qurival_are said to follow poison distribution =| Gandamness) . — > Neparture pattern also can be probobilistye DERodare, POAkeey ASUS Deterministic 2°53 Probabilish'c > M. or deterministic Toate Ane. CRAKTIENE ONE ee Qa, Ye axe * Departure pattern js said to follow negative exponestial j jd tofo Queue discipline / Priority mules: Probabilistic. ae swt” Tt gives how customers ore. taleen ff br sevice. Z . _sichegailly acceped fers. ( First Come First Sewe) = : LcAg) ( Last cone Fist Serve) See aac oe eco. ( Prefered Corlerer Order) Pamso for ve Peo. | aN sige | Serie. In Random order) >“How customenorbs having “i x Balking: — Customer leaves the queue because fhe queus. t's too long or fhere is__no sufficient to Reneqing : Jockeying : Shifting _ from one «gp er gs Kenpates NoTATION : foc a ape aggness + ARRIVAL PerTean / Osenaqoe | Me. of Systen case Infinite PATTERN / Seyvers / capacity finite. open ee intrf frees " coi | m / t / 2 | Fees t a peisgon™ + Negative Single Syeten Priority veto expansion server capacity we arrival depatture. » | 2 Eihial stages on formation of queue, gusue clep endont m He & queue is Satd to be fransjeat in nature. After some time quene bewwme ft ie called ete state. FES Mad conc t o acoe For mulee applied for stead y stabe system & nok applicable for independent of time ther ‘transient syshem.Gp abebentinh | oenhy Ue tanee a pellet Poisson arrival Negative. exponential departure. Single server System capacity ishnfinity. Prissity rules FPS ~ Service “rate > “arrival robe, a Je ZDepurtore vate » asreval BO Arrival rake = No.of customers arsivily fer unit time. No- of customers arriving Ch, ST 2 Yr Ae = Time taken Departure tate = No: of astomers departing by tHme tak f customer depasti gt = Norah euctomer departiy gf, Time faleen <4 wa ustornet Whenever amival occurs! a birth take “place & pure bis peissan distribution « Whenever a customer Soporte a death is seid fe be. he token plow &£ pure deadh process distibudion. (er —we qexponentia) cistribution Mean of a distribution” we seco" | per? OF Og ae Se legtn cf cytes A> * ACI %y) od be = Lge g Avg. wolting Hime In queue: Wy * aR” ao) 2 : : rhe AG j' We hitting Howe Ip system + Ws = Ay - ts Jn Peability °( Qi 2-N) = ~ ; P(@.>N) (2 ol a. a ayy —_ Probability wT. tn wow fa alto? dw Prob. W.T in syskm > w -f la- rye Lnrendiog Wueug ending > Non emphy qutuet~ A queae thet form fime to time , 24 hr | | | } | | ~(Aear) oa ! 1 operation. ete ; iAxg Unending youn Ave. lng = length eT Unencing queue. Goods are to be transported from factories to market » [Oyo violaHng supply restricHen safe violating demand /emesisy vutriction € af min cost. , suth a prob. fe called 4 =| transportation prob. L.P. Formulation: MA Rr rote,| Me ” Tay” (te F P Fo Ss = t ea po Si. Crestas Rermayd D Dd, 2% Rae CSS sey) (TL iy: = Rramsgavicdies, Cost aP 4 Tod Secret @+cRa Sx tty + U*rrQ@ae KFS, 4 . ie ere ore {Suppl veatiction * Spt tuo =s, SUPP, CONSsAMAs _ Pts = 0, an Qtt = 0, Rt = Dd, P@Ris tiv 2° wan portation problem, ; i cated tf fetal supply = total dleman \> Balanced transportation | prob OR else. 3 Unbolaneed 2 — * -Tn case of unbodanee it should be converhed fo balanced | problem — before proceeding furthor; C — TH, supply _> demand , determine excess supply over : demand poe . Equivalent to thie introduce a dummy Fectory woth Q unit trans putoHon’ cost — > TF demand > supply , debwExcess clemand over cupply. Equivalent fo this fotroduce a dummy factowy with O unit |” transportation cost so that it becomes a balanced problem. at : Sobfboprocedare. Gera potedted puters con be Sao eater wg’) AL) Roding an E868 (anita) Basic Feasible sol”) to the prob. SY sauayon on 2) Tinproving ot to optimality.ol : @ North ~ West cornet? method - | @® Leest cost sell method. — @ Vogels approximation method ( Genesally gives BFS) —_ aoe ver) ee 2 North coast corer gale + Al Set up the balanced transpertedion prob. , Mork. the hevt | direch® of matte & western dLireeth of the matrix. aJ—7 Select top left hond corner cell or north - west corner cell. awe celede al Alleccte at much 03 possible to this cell based om supph 11 & demand. uj-rDelete column or roto satis tied 7 gi frRepeat above proces Hil entire allocation ts completed, a ee he Write transportation schalule & transportation cost. ee ee ™ “ } th , Mane 5 x | 4 | sey ss t 20 Wa “T22] as. As = oy, Ae t af 65 75 14S “TrasporT ScHEDVAL © pew 25S p-x 7% a-x 74s Q cay 2 So Rey 7s T.C = SENG + Poel tae xo2 + Soxag + 20X16 =+ se Set “up the? balanced: transportation problems « + >Consider feast cost cel] in the matrix, —rIn a selected coll , allocate os ssnuch as possible based go supply & demand, cletefe column oc row satictied — > Repeat abeve procedure till etire allocction ts complefed. Write the transportation schedule & transpertaHon cost: Suppl i me wf | | eet = =} Pr eset) 75 MAX Dernand “Tran spectadion ae ~ IB. P-y = 75 q-w = 36 = TERE § SHH “Transportation cast FAOK 2A $F AOKI 1 _ Vogel's Approximate emabed > Set up the balanced transportation problem. > Compute the diffrence: bet? two least cost’ cells in matrix eblumnuise &£ rew-wise . > Select may diffrence. , if there is te seleet ory. > Tm the selected row of column consider fhe Jeest cost ell. ~r Ailocate oS much as possible -fo this cell bosed on upp ly & . : denand—> Repeaf the above proces fill Bile allocation process comp |e Wette the ransportation schedule & fransportation cost- f & = ind Prom N P Be g 66 6 Demond ~ 5 £98 eH M45 SJ fo etn . ' @ [sted min cost ce - « @ » Troospert schedule, Transpo tations cost P-y 275 , Q-Ky 2S 0 \- @ x eH Rok 2 2e Tq, soos OF Prddeds Benecally Vogel. “approximation method gives 4 better foitia basic soffvto the problem.n Tinpreverrend sel” of optimacity 1 Procedure 4. Count to the no- of allocations 2 Compute the value of (rows 4 colem — 1) 3. No: of allocations = (rows + columns - 1) | then if ts not a cose of egeneraty Tea ER one SRE ore eradR SOUKTHT 4TENo- of allecatimn < (rows + columns - 1), HHs the case of” degeneracy. To resolve clegenemey , comple the ali ffrenee Let? no ne mn troduce aq small value fn any ef thewnllocehed ex] such that no. of allocation are equal to frows + calumns~Sh & alloceHon solye tn 5 — independent pos”. ' a : 5. LF noc allocation s (reas + columns -1\, iis a case of more than, one_path per cell, 1Ms + Tt is not a cose ef degeneracy. x Modi_method | Moai fied dictribudion method for empty ce evaluation — 7 —9 Take Uj along columns & vj along Tous . = Consider only allocohed cell, aero any allecetten eel] | make either uj or Vj 2200 Det. other value such thet’ ' Ul ty Cr (cost of sthe atlocated cetl consi i Using the. remaining allocated cells det remaining valued ¢ Ui & Vj sush tha} across any allocated cell the sum of UE FVy = Cip (cost of the allecabed cell) - Consider the empty cells oy ney allecettd ceilt in ihe mafrix — for all the empty cells compabe the value of ij -Wi tv Tf empty “cell evaluation gives all tre or 0 ans. then vel is optimal er sol” ts _ suboptimal . ».| In case ef suboptimality consider the mest tuely evaluated < Storting from this cell construct a loop suth thet we come back fo the starting cell. A turn is permithed upword , downward, righeaaed ov (effuoa such that we come back. to the starting cell, Starting From the cell selected fer improvement give alternate, tue & ve signs fo the corners of the feop where q turn Is token. Consider the vvely signed cornet in the weely sign corned constaer the feast quantity allocated. | Add thie gly fo tue com cleduct thee qty from -ve comer nneihe aeP-y is most -vely evaluated cell which het -fe wale if Some unit! are transferred fo cell by leop methed the cout f transportation tyes by 10 Rs for every unit transport to this cat a a In ~vely chose valued cornet £0 & 20 , leout vel ve 20 os od ee — Ui - Surely 75 s gs e i : 7 is ee 2gQ [ | | | | Rows + columns - 1 = 5 No.of olloweationy <_ Rows + columns ~ J Cose of Degeneramy Introduce smal] value Be any of io any ye Fer unall ocetec| call compute | ip 20 “Ue signed omnes qty 20 4 $0 desst Aad thi, te tee Corned & cdecluet thie from —ve certel & write the new matrix iear (transfer he includ y/ ee 7 « “oO - 20% 0 A 3400 _ impriemea- ie _ ee - k Next Ne augeneney ! Meh evelanke Cia) iP some cats tvantfeered fo thts cell cost ef fanspertation led by | 1S reppu — for cwery ut ~ Ranghered be the call Th -vel signed corners gtp are or 4 3p 7 89 7 Vesa ei ceee oc : ge Fe SO ce add & . i i i i i NTo = 8400 (ge x138) . Sepak 351 Re Not allocation = Rt C.-d -5 No Ce) Met -rely — cvalufed Cie) 4° at. units ave hover bo THY cell by Loop m the coi} of tromsper tation Ley by 10 -ruppty forven . unt trong hes to’ they cel] i s19m corners qty are, ZS Selett min HY 28 odd it te tee corner € clackuf if fron ~ ve corne g | uy % ; Ry i 0 $4 ast WG pa Py. > Nn ou AN geen A 29 24 ee iio - Brn 4 C3 [26 ptimel caf 2) 1 Is} [te | - 2s € f\r AS NTC. B5lo - ae xo 3260 Re. No- of ollecatinns <- -Ro tC — 4 alton cy Cele. col clegeneroay. Te vesicle dlegenemey jnpeduee ‘a small value in ory cf unallocated celle such thed na. éf olfecation becom gual fo (Rte -L) & allocations ore in the incteperclanlt porto, All & ~ No physical signi Ficance Sie = 7Si¢ re « « —* ‘ pemang | te | 2° | ave T.c = SOKG + 200 4 BOO FISe FA4OE $ 700 ena 2o'sd . No. f allocation = RAC” LE j \ea Coe aaa) _ Most -v@ A-2 > C2) ; , Loe ie TP some unite peansferned fo this. cell by p method cod of trons portation dae. by 2k fev every unit brancfered ~toe sign comet's ra : $0 , 20° i i 1 1 1 Ma 5 . ; ; dust from ~vel Add £0 to mk teely chunes k de y | \ \ae , ge} c Boman “| 7 let Sb wt co | ° 4A CS yee oO) my 109 ! aR fe) co 4 sont 260 | [Sepr'y so ee a0 { Th. sol” is optimal & amy of empty cell és having ¢ evaluation & tt some units are transberred to the cell by Ane Hoop” methud the cast #4 hanspertadis remain is some bul an abtenate sel” (is cbleined TE 2 emply cel] > 2 alhenate eo]? 3 se > 8 4 For a 0 ewalabted Cell constiuet loop & test the wu by waeal *prrocedkune. ‘Too ge alieryzbe sol”LEMP Osgr Ole, QUOC IA: a tf gouts cow ref be “ronsferred “foo forlery do omekep then fer thet conblactian cf Sign & poomdad co thal alo cation wil new be made os —_ — Nes ef cllowestine D> R+c-4 2. Ten CSG ef mere thaw | path per cell mort -sely evaded Ce) ara 8 oO OTR SEi J Lovely Sed Corners Ye. 22 & BO Min = _30, \e Bo to tue corner & dedact from —re_ i | No of allowcetion < RECHL : 4 No. clegenemey 7 | A) velus toe 2. sol” @8 optimned OTC = {£00 J worm + Sexe + Bo x22 Flee = 7850 _ OO vs, 02aw [5] Eee > Loe, No. ef allecatin < Ric 4 Tis case of dlageneroay . To resolve dageneracy odd smet} value Py ery 0 of unallocated cel] surh thet allocate’ care indeperaled- position 4, Pe nena ioe ee =i Min -ve value ee\ s Bequendny 1} TH avtesea when there Ore _seyeral job & each job should pT Ness arteses in Jeb shop: (odd yet) 2 mje_A_& then o_tale & cuth prob: Bag job tor mle | Sequencing can be don done by 7 \dehnss son's TU ms rel & tls aq | spenrishic-—vost heurisite rule ge ale af thumb ie there is | 22, proof. | Procecture : \ \ List the, process met oll tocn (el toe both the mic Sdut the least process Hme , if these je He select an Th the seabed Hime ie in mle A, schedule it OF early as possible. th it is of fe Be Sm ope eee Delete the gob schedule. Repeat the. above process Aye ti entire allocation ts complete A det make spon He, and tdle Hme of cach mic. ' a Job a 3 TA _ 3 mic 4 7 ,a}] 8 les 8 s “Tabular method to de} make Span Ame:“OMe a TO To 2 = 5 20 ie 25° 18 24 = Make. spon . ee time, 27 28 Idle Hme 80-27 = 3 0-2 . 5 7. utilizaton Lavo « qo. 2x 100 = 93.337 GANT CHART © 2s 8 ge 24 me 4 [o- 2 b-? |o-1 as | 6-9 fz 2% J@- 10 JO@-8 jes 1@-4 be ° z 2 cra ay 80 i mle 2 x ee « Processing sf on fob through 8 mje In segerence [rea}-—>[oice}={mie¢ ] n job 3 m/e cose converted Fer applying Johnsones rule , Into on Jibs 2 mle ,case by oreabing 2 artiticaalentc a4Min PT nC = 40 Processing TIMED A +, Cocestiag Fm, on . Processing Hme.on G = e 8 . Processing H = Processing di P ie tnet s Tocessing Hme on 4 Tocessing dene B. + Processing time on. . | Usiag above otliical mle fine the jobs are scheduled , once the jobs are scheduled the original Hime ore, Faken to ded. mak | span time. _ | Tass artificial mic can be created if one of the Following cr ore satisfied Ate Min Prroceasiag Hme on A > max processing Hme on B bo eR : ; { = —* — Cz —_~* 8 i Tob ( Da 3 4 : A 30 ate oe to. = 8 0 80 qo 7O . : c 40 80 70 60 Order of procesting BoA eC Daf. moka span fime | Tob ) 2 3 4 so 80 40 70 Bo 40 20 to | c Ao 80 70 60 Min @&T. on B = So Map PT op A = AO| = = | | Vn lle \{8 2 WL? oe) \)° cuUecee yp o — + ce Tob m/c 8 Mic A mlo © “| Tz to | tr |. To Tr } TO) 2 oO 80 80 {20 120 200 ' 3 80 170 | 170 140 | 200 270 \ 170 220 220 260 270 | A | — i, Processes of (1° jobs through K mje in sequence. : Let ug assumed 'n’ jobs & each jor should be passes through (Ocha eo eet ‘p' jabs “Komi case can be converted foto nr job DQ mic cose if any 1 cond® . »Qo ‘ aeoe ee cn tctccai n z ? ; ~ a 3 a " Sp OMin proceuing Hime om A 2. Max. C.F on) B,¢,0 =F: ~OR- ee \® aR Me i UF any one cf The above cond” satisfy two arfificial mic can bo cveafed (x €y) for applying Joboter rule. Processing Ton X= PT. om A#Bi-- #! | i = PT on Be rem Using the mic time jobs ore scheduled , once + obs are’ scheckled time. the origno] times are used to det. make spc Tob | m, Mp —~a fie fe a (2 2 ee Min ®.T on My = 1% Here both cond” are satistied, hence ‘n' job 4 m/c cas can -be converttd fo ‘n’ Job 2mfe casealas TO Tr To I picks | eamlata To C o |i |B 16 | 16 | 24 2 36 S6 4 2S 6] 72 6o ae &. : QA refrigeration cxmpery hes 6 plants Incated in ditt pods of a city. Everye: year overhauling jg carried out in 2steyes Each stage require werkman with complete. diffrend skill seb The work on shage wil] stort only when stage A hes been completed. A plant hos ty be loved fer ontire pertod at overhauling the preserb schedule f “overhail) tas Fallows 2. we ey ETS %. — ae eel ieee oe032 o@9-@ > > Crea | 6 6 @ 6 © 8 a) w © @ « Det optimum sequence Bownkime f plont tost Rs Boe /dey | Tle Hme -ef cost foro’ Ae + 430 day Ret. cock of overhauling Fes [re] ta] fal fe Creo A Crew B tw | to | TE oeCost .of. downtime of plont.-...70¥ 800 =. £6,000 Chit idle Hme cost of cred Ao “Total cost . a " ~ “ = a 3 nl Aan a eeene Line Bal ancing a x Tt is 0 technique used Tor max produstizn oper” bosieally used for assembly unit Th this the total time seq" to assemble the iteam is divided into ame ler elements & allocahe fo werk. canker. By this method e/p can be. ineressed ona Qs ee} [wes } {on} Los]ao O' 3 yy tial balance. delay Aflwards technolegiced precision ag will drawn fer ausembly oper” wo veolating fechrolagical precision crock element ore grou into work statins auch that allefmed each & every worl center dees not exceed the oyele Hime C, Let actual no: of coorkstaNons ~ bo. ep fo P Actual Une no = rar x 100 Actual balance delay - 100 - ping fg. 44. 2. Available prod time = 7xX5x 3600 ofp = 8400 Cyde Hme. = Sarees = Is seefunit. Time to ossemble funif = 190 see Theoreheal no. of workstations = Be - B67 Theoretic A = ase vio = 96.297), Balanced delay = joo ~ Mnen «100 - 96.29 = S7IFAdual dine hu = 130 Toxics oe) Balance delay = loo- 86.67 = 13-77 Set e(7 -ty Smocthnen index ~ T- Cyele fme Ti - Allotment to higher workstation, 6.T =72000 i { i af vax 0 => -Pesfeed. balance. &+ Aine: Q iS. 1007 \S 1. i) min oycte time © Bmin ( slowxst process) ji) ghs . 8x 60min ss no.units s B50 _ 60 wits ti) pte a yaradliece ti cuseaXble, tou t at X cycle time iy) 6) comblaing GH H we cor have eyde time Nevin & roof WS reduced by 6 to5 il 6.8 4 ‘ 6 es Line te sa x 1000 = ; ees ee a hire Mom eae . Balance delay ee 7. cycle Hme C+ 7X60 . 42 min I Bo “Theo. no of WS = 38 = 8, wes elemed ee 4 1 6 2 ry 6 3 3,6 cig 4 | 8s 5 ¢ 7,10 as‘eelevance. & elemen H they ore to be pul tn 3 wy What ; is mox Line n 2 , precedance Gre of no can net be. broken N= ayy tes 83.33] fg. Ue a 2. segues = A4b00 44000 + 3000 = 1000 Remand ~ \ Demand > supply by 1000 units for looounit create. artificial foctory evtth 0 fians pectohon coup Sw that if becomes balanced prob. profit metry: sot be wide, cue Sign 4? For converttry marimizate~ to minted zatinn pT ; fo all the elements 1 . i No» of allocations = 5 e AtC-L FT No dagenereny . ‘ Aly doe 2. sol” is, optimalPinay = AX H000. 4+ 2 ¥ 2000, 4 3X 2000 F.6 ¥ 2000 = AY 000 Now New S = 4000 +4000 4 Soo D = €00046000 = J2000 Now S>D by 1000 unjks “. $0 create. artificial wore with 1000 ~3 “4 -\ = 13000 wit ep with ° pat ' 8B 1000 ~3 a $000 13 ow De 6000 | Gooo | 1000 | ,, a ~ @e e A ie evs eg eee Convert maximizoHons® to “minimizata. 2 —7e 11> No. of allecations =-5. 5 CHR - LS No olegenerany Atl tee optimal . sol” Pirag= 4O00¥H + fo0ex2 + Covo + BOo0e = $4000 M in profit = SA000 —4loee = 18000/- extra tenf = S000 Net profit = 18000 - Soee «= = Sooe/—2 5 A-| 10-1 418-4 A-3 Dp 29 47-2-9 = 16 B-1 FQ 12-4 418-1) +2-F = tO BY 9% 20-12-79 = Y Cena el eaten tal) ae) Sh cate Ca > 7 = 3. 4A. Te = oF [go4 [Gor 1200 F1f = HBS a-3 70 b-8 70 C1870 + : - ae ® @ aoe oe a ae an aAdding to ory Me 2 OF > sol” js basing, an alfecoade oh 6. Jess than @ => L ( 2 y a Sep 2 = O4 &. zalee \ Wop = Tha eve x nat 7 hem 5 n AAT -0R- m AAT - i | o>™ 3 mA AT } 8 Weiting in system = © { 4: pe toh Asi! ae 4 . | lg = a oe COR eee rei - z . XS 3 u | MP (AP) 16 (18-40) 48 : | = 1,88.a — = Ss 0 A Si 4 li) No customer >, serviee foudlity idle “TH) No customer Som customer ‘J ree, (ae RIG < es) () +) - 1-(2)* = t- 016 = 084 W As A> A Ly is Finite if A= Pp by ig infinite yo. a ie ty © or. >t {te > bs) 13 a= 1 by! Me a 3 - (2) p(asea) = GP) - \) : ), = 0-125 \s- Ly = is ae 4 pe. a alae) nf served s. No “emg, woe19% ©@Bf} =) 4s 8 be ye ov 7-5 mi0 fo 2 4 customer omine Fime TO = 7 *S edtea coed . = fon | + 28 = 12s & D> P= tobi! Alta bee Cc. sebess}- Mon pe the 1- (Prete ANS= UL “GB? a) = 0.4212 ele re 29) ii) Prob. of waiting cuticle = P (as re) ri-( omy = te Dy &) = OST 014822 i a *) Wy A(A-?) . we. = 12 *2 12 3 De 92 Jay A= 24 /dey Me eo (U zs 2 2 lelters (Ls)- ea aoe ao i Cor} of oraiting letter W xe xoL = ARS choral = AO Ra Tetal cost = 84% 4oy 5 = O78 NT ef a frurk ib ad = by r Aap 4-3 T oof tran fi fy oo { Ne of trestles acon cers an ce eg day 7) track +(Wog) (a4 xe 3) x 04 = 28.8 brs @ ne ane Me ane 2 & Poisson avrival \ssumptions service. 2 r¥e exper iad Single J 2 System = Prlevity ea > Service rake > a ian 1S min counter is, Justified fs half an have not justitied ‘ote. eovivial prresead Wei = Vy be i2 08 oyEe Bap aes er Ce ; e ta OTC fuse, = SxE00 = 3ye x 600 i: (800 360 Ry Total cort fyceg ~ SPB BO a FQZO0r1G0d » 21¢0 ~ = 3080 _ tt _— a 2! : 2 aah 4. Pe We be enemas an tar” <> Prob. [ Wy > janie’ J au - e dw. Yo be 3 5 28) yew Prob : i i)e \ cae 22) -2 . J 1x = xe Js @ Ve 7a of woiting pee. to 12min . [co PI wy >12ee)) ~ [OF = 0-4, aeD= feo 4 Soe 4 200 = 600 4 Coxs F N4o¥s x WOKD T.c = Sore + foox¥2 3 6OKS = 20g0/- No.of doch = 6 = RIC -L 2. No Cegenerouy. A-z. evadiiction of -2 £ thes coll, the cout oF unit trans pore some 2 TR 2 cunits added ap to trans portation ued by 2%. For every ty this cal th noel sige signed corner having yalur 4 j The leui ig. 50 aime & subfrost from Bie) oo rountis ore coh & is avoluaid oF 5. H some jransterre to this ch by oe mated «The ee gang porte comaing SURE bag sal” Pe a & ee 0 ag Hae gob wstteraake sol teHH two, CAS are ey liernode. sol” ave. postible ue 7 ue A\ternate. sol” can be found only afta optimality fs reached. 3. 1,066 De T2000 a a D>S by ‘Hod units hence. create an arhticgal mmerket for 1000. units . waxehoude ' 6 3-4-0? yo tees , qe -y- CYTY) mak Sey o 8 This is 4 Babdx cS profit hence, it fg oto be maxciervel A maximisation is converted to minimization by providing Bo -ve sign to all the alementy ye No A allocating = S = arent No degeneracy p om ax 4000 + = 4}, 000/- 3 ae Hood WO = 18000 Nes sopply = wypoo + 4000 4 5000 2 5 gpd0 46000 = 12000 ° LoS > by i900 wots aa ana pe eo+ Creafe an arhtical marked with 1000 wats ari © profit Seen U; -3 - Nj a Supply — “EP Et OA, 4 C00 o = 3 _ ‘ 2. (3 ] ° t Bg looo | 2600 {Doo Bee te} ES) Te “3 0 5000 x £000 tose 6 ove Go00 | Joov | yxoe™ 6 ’ 7 ! | : . 72 . 7 No. ef allocations =S = R+C-) No clegeneraay All tee empty call evaluation ~- dl F og = S4vo00/1 fin frofit = Wooo! ~ . = 13000 — £000 = 8, 000/_ 13 v4 vi OA 3.6 i tee optimal sol Extra rent incurredue CNet No deg enereey Au tee 2, sol” is optimal Te = 128 No. of cullocetion are independent 2 No dag erorobe,en Ad JO-IV4IK-q © 18 A-3 , B-| Ba4 > 20 - J $2 = Wis 4 S 20 -447-2 = 18 (2-74 2-11 +1B-4 = 16 C2 P WB FD = C-3 BP te-1Bti-247-925 ans: @ 8 OS None “No ave cell ot afl teely evolucted Gor doing WHS Komys meme Both need airycot™ vid tobe cham ed ft As Ne Tule optimal 2.473 7O b-B 50 {fp C713 70 g-7 70 TE oll vlan owe greater than 0 (the is unique bud if amply cell evaluations are ZO ther cole \ aiteencte. sof” is postible oO b-8 20 C-13 ZO A-7DRO Q-3%Aay value . lest Than 8 ell IMR Te ot a ANS: 7 @ ew Ss JAS M value is not Known & an ollecation has mada. coll to whieh it fs not possible jo allocate. to an infeasible sof” to the prob TA “is ais @ 28 4 3 3 FI Gl Loe PAS a Ic ie [el (a ian is + + hy2) | 4 i ry 1 og ye ras # fa\ [igs No degenera y il =e), (rn ; Ad 14 Ra I ser [Lent Some unite tranafeit a maa sronfenel ye comer 30 jo drewspuletl in fee | cof = @ 25K19 — 1 | | = ATS.(Stepp stent 8-1 9 wap 1D 7-5 AB l0t sein Te = SX2 = aaa woe okestorbed BANS = ‘upp! & seprl, hos become 9° gnbelanced ta co uni} Te fo make w6 NEG) 8.407 Ope on | relia Empty cell value = -2 0 ed bp tt 16 NTC. af -e90x2 2 95 Empl cell on B Cote le 2, wit ded oil be 0 "To tne in Tc = -8xID 4 Rxe “SRIo + 3>7 = "80424. B04 2] 1. A-T RT 19. fe AKT 9s Te 2 Ben2 440s PF alleeading + 2 Rfe-F 23/ Se were pre . 2destd Sta Beebe ety teers ea S | [eo hel [v7 18 ° ea | — at Tey eT To Pg(ec) (Cae fy io oTc & 200 To. j260 D = S00 + 400 +£00.=1100 S>D b 100) umntt to . . Market for 100° unite ne W, | We Vlg Soprly ae s | U Nea ci ms te Boo uw io) Ue ne & be Usp Ua Ts Soe Is] Bal Gs) Te Tea so 30] 2s [agi etc B Se aene migese 300 | «be | joo [aoe lane fo Dz 126 41BCH 14D = 4FO S ~ 100 4,160 4290 = HID S=D - Balanced W We | Wa 2 3 , | & 2) ee £ e, | LA Le) EY ico p, | 44 tet By, 12s BS Marlee wands 5S unisOe apply tt Ay by SX Bee golve for minimization Bo atre gating optical sol” ada 20% tf it to ges eptirnol fe ee loo tot o = see “Oz Bo + 120 Ese yo +a07 S!° prificiol plant y for ro el fount cae ag (le r749) eo ag-(6r8t7) =+ Te eaeHA AOR SESE IO MSA MST oe wee Rix 73 & % XZ : As a 2,709 & %, 70 I ‘ = gol” is in the 4% pada err Ra AL +e 7 4 < \4 3 D 2 Zmoy = : nimi zodi ea cs © Qe Mininisation Ze = 4K 24 6X4 “Ge Masri mizetion Ze 7 24 Zp: 18 ie ae 49 2 Zain = ag pape A a i po Converting inepuabities to jnkereph Tor i 7 “ ea ' 2 {St qpuedront — He Be 7! Ary . tot) By tte Undounded $2) alo Space 2H, 13% 90 Bounded osithtagaly me Lan’ oundkedk Uottoos= eonncdsey «©, Votereat 09 blocked up Capital a — QD Insurance cost Re ee ® Low theft & Art @ “Lertnnlogice! _obseraeenee sf items in the stores wm Let the sum of be “2 alaraege ef item 1h the stores. all above during 3 pacticaulay Ye 5 Max inventoy level = @ RA —s Mir fnventory jeve] = & Re b i - 4tb —> EB Avy inventory value, = i. <5 Ipverty comyiy cot inf Savertory carrying cost faust [yer = et cH cost [unit x = Sovestory carrying oot |. ee 7 = 7 a chowse Insurance | ~ & ace fusil | month. ta 5 . EF tee [unit [otek = 8x mi feay © ob toe ft y = jtem clemanded by Pred. dept 4 Shortage. cost: Wh an dees in the share shortage results iyve urd not ovailebletp ey © Los} “prbdudtich fimé “ele! 4s Shetsge < 5) Tdle cast ef labour & Mle. € ® Extra cost incurred fie Tush purchase... < ® Overtime expenses of (abours 7 oo : ® Lose of gocdestl cf custorners EB ® Special parking & fore oarding chorging « + bum ef ali above is éalled shertage cast OF bok order cost rf ae Fe0Q. | Nesey progres, Assumptions: ® Uniforn demord. (Time “ for coraurriag phy Ls ene 38 ® Cost junit Tec & ordering cost are const Shovtoges ane Och pesmitted. @® Ropla nishmont ig instantaneous & lead time 18'O” arle annual demand. = A units Ordered gly = @ units. Q Ne of orders = A of orde e a Foot | oderjue eae > Aug iovestory = _ Max lovestery + in invertory “3 \ ee ee = Rr Qe st = 2 ~yCost Junit = © ~plvg inventory cost = Bre P Aoventory Corrying Cost fo = © Tofal inventory carrying cost Total varioble cost / Total incremental cost = . Ordering wy + Bec T= Ayo y Mer 2 -) Tio fxn ef @ Mini mizrtion. - Exonsaie ordering vy= 2/0¢ Sec = 2 Fcc Tf Q, < E£0@ agcliaaaes cee EHH >ac > rac ¢€ Tt a, > bo@ € ¢ 2 Oc < Tee € om total a aerate For Tvartable cost “there ome 2 othe lebet af whic amin totol cost Is Same - A Gy ONE. eyuantite oF ws ¢ ealee| OS E whut, Q, > EO x G, < £08 Tote] variable cos} for any yy @ fo total variable cost at OR Se Ag, ®e a ee ee Sowing SZC Seat Tg Janses | Ogee aoe “ - 2 g Bx wae Feonomte Ordes value. (gov) = @c = Bs neTotal annual cost Purchase Cost fk GYder cosp 4 LCC Tac Total annual cost - at Eo@ eAC + forest woy w+ Seve TY the gly ordered is °@/" , the discouct of R, 2 cost If the yy is" @," , the discount of Rp is gen & whether to axcept discount er nol is a decision to be me € Fer Ibis parpose we hae fo colemlate. total amnual catt¢ fe, ODF EAB ot; 9, fet erat Me etd & By comparing A:¢_with discount osith annual cath of Et ot EK pcmcia amogry all the cos} whichever cast ts mia on thet ruth gty the order ts placed > Lead | Tt ts the the dhat elopsas bfuo initlating an order & Hme of vreetipt of materiale fo Stoves - Components 6f Lead time ove () ‘Time to alse the inden & send if to purchase dy ® “Time for proveasing the Indent & floaty af quetection receipt of quofedion preparation oF© ® = Vransid time. Time fer _inspeten io 8 0 baking info stockg. — Lead time is averiable HY Avg leod Hime © Pi) fel Pie Probability “packing & dispatd. & & savy lead time, lead time @ @ ounder the control ef management Consumption : Dofi as Consumption rate _3To account for Fluctuating used Safely (Batter stot Reorder leve| i Reorder pt: Kone “The amount ef so that by the Home awa fable. nmeiek qty consumed (he LT ~ Avg UT) x a 4) inveniows =Nen under the contre} of yt [anit Hime. Quantity consumed Lye Time taken feod time safely ctodk ie © fo consumnpli2o vaky stock, when an order is placea inventory FS consumed & Preah aeROL [ROP (ee-crcter eon foe od eaere” [Rot cr Rop Average LT X consumption | Inventory model with sofety stock NT tot yt Rol or RoP = ALT X CR +88 = ALT x eR + (mer -aLT)eR eG N Oe MULT XcR May joveatery 4 Min ventoy “Avg in 2) ¢ need Sea tenn‘Here’ tee aye’ prodlasing ad the same time. ere ave. -canum bud “precuction rape 7% censomption rate inventory ¢o build up is used later which fs called os Simul fan €6 ooh — production -consumptien model . : Dorirg Ube period when built up faventory Fs esd the mic can be usted for producing some other items tp \ Prod. yale=P Tenge ersingnos Se 1 Predation © SS" Congumnption rate —¥ Toy. build up rohe = p-v Prod. line period = tp Q = tp xP —e tp = | —+@ an woe caf Tang) = te (R-7) Nouecnonsy) = e & fp-r : € (r) 2 pee Oe ec - cont) rn = © (p-+) or © 2P .Economic , pred. —~+~— bojch -« Lot size. re berg = foacsr (ex) A Cy Ga Shortage rt fast | iyo ceva ao) Purchee cost = AS Order cosh As 7 qr { TTetd Tec = Low, oer OT Total variable Y Aravel oo cost cost ~~ Ser 2 Shertage cost = S* 2, | om GE JPye Mo ee & Te el £Oq = 4G o)'« “3 (fcc) 2 8 (akenye ait) e € “Shortages also called _ bask ordore «| RSdadive inventory ~eatiat Aeebniqgaess —_*& = eT 8 4 A-BC analysis : 7 Td is called consumption onod yaie ‘ |comsumption = yy x mt : This ts based on concept vite) few to ‘trivial many“ 1 on fee thems, compared fo muttitugle of items Le concentrate available jo the stores oot sorevscsh ¥ YO woe ~ tie @& Procedure, for AGC analysis aaeeeenrart — OCk GOS af @) Collect data pertaining footy consumed & west pec und during fhe post years. - acon’ ® Colcwoke™ consumption volue arhich rs “qty x wit? ® Rank the tems In dlecending order af consumption value. ® Rewrite the items os per the ranks ley atin cansumpbie s voulus- © Daterew Cummetfative consumption value. © -- Zof f——_ y @ aeaitt ozo, of cummulative value of A Clos items e407. a S! < G pagCoptote) 107 ims - 707% cv => A_qreup ) Cemeooy yea feria ie oot nC hv meme ile ne ees (ors) JOY Hers Jo ay => c_qroup ae ——— oe Zo fox ABC aoalysi Palicy _ AL [ B | — Noe safely Stock — Modewate safely stock] = Very high safely ‘ stock, ~ Many supplies for. | Two or three = One of ture supp! . continucas supply & fo Suppliers campetetion in_price. Weekly ov fectriglly| — Bimonthly or quosterty| — Half yearly oF yea ~ ordens ordems orders un] — Stick OK \ ~ meclaate took) 10 cowhe\ ~ Controlled by top |~ Controlled by — Controlled by fox i Management middie. management level mgt ~ Rigourour value |= Moderate value | —-No value analys analysis analysis mph ABC analysis is elt aeamate weduce the amount mon blocked up in the form 1 of inventory, oo i Theme Cons value Nos of orders RS A 40006 4 4ooe 4 © 4400 4 light of AB« Examine Fhe above ordering peligy in the Hy _cnaylsis & comment on the resubksTheme WOM VAIN NOT Me Bes gies erdecnt LIE. inven greed Meteo A 4ovoo 44 100s “ooo. 9 | MANA 2222028 : 8 4000 4 L000 a 22800 tooe so Ho loo _ ~ a s By ad opting ABC, amount of money blocica the. form of inventory is reduced, CRITVCELITY GSBYUNIS + VED (Vitel Essertial Desirable veo (Vitel Essedia “ee — Used for molintnsiiefpents ~ cabled odeo criticality analysis. thems Tf they ore not avai blab's. 7 Vite} idea ore Those will came @ heavy loss ef produstion al g.giv clutch wire & gear wire foro re fo they ame not available Exsseatios . itens are those items of ——— will cause delay or_moderafe: east /rermci los eg se Head lights fo a scooter Desirable Hiems are those items TP thy ove nol awe table. eae will conse (he[ less \ of production: /rowoge f a seo ote eg colour 6bles able NOD 6K | URNOVER 1 “fost maving wl "Si Sa ving Des Dend items Q type os P type Fixed ovder qty Fixed review perlod sgrers \ v used for A class tems woes fox @ cleus ee Whenever an order is made i} ts made for Fire ty 4 it fs reapeated at periodic tntervals Fixed reriew pertod used for 8 chous hems / An this system max stock level ‘s’ is Peed & rea period is leo fixed as 9 or Q months. After the’ vewiend period . oo, dagpestion is made, & stock Ievel 8, is noted 4 an ordeg is “made fo make up the Ip pp Gee oe tae original sfock level S —§ canted In this max stock level S & min stock lew! S Sis Freed K review period fs also fixed as 2 month [ 3 months. anal srece: eve” os nated 00 3, oe [{——_-——— §ee ee , ce is mode Hl the next mevien! perted.’ *"" , TE stock evel falling to € an order is mode to males, up oviginal stock levele@x © aarkiag, ares, ¢ sweat o rrolue fess than & then HK Two Bin system — Generally used for outs & bolts which are CF clea” “They ave Keept in two bin. one pbin . When exhausted issutmg is_done ely From items jn’ one bin are completely an order is made fos purchase while the order motecilases thems oF issued: © soupy ges Ke coxoe x* Varia able _ Demand _$ situations: Safety stock fee variable demon} situatlon is 36. = Ske to © ~ Std deviation ‘soeeays) SFr oF dead? —aValut corres ponding fo normal distribution curve SF dupende upon the servlee_ level Fe how 7 secvice company count to offer te _ Service. ice ~~ 7 S Cosel” 1.28 1.96 . ; 2.05dep = KOL or UT = vu Y eagearmn, | HY STOUR, cians we ea a = ALT x Gonsump. rake + S.g 27 = LT <_drdeg_cy ele Reatie < once is. roo ae ii) consented . , gongley Lawokes to cherscind dunt TF LT > order ede conse ase eae os 5 LB daca con Oe eee = or = . 0€ order ogee a , 2 = 6 Whe Were SBE OEMS TARErweghale: Stocking policy ee ae Cost of undesstocking SP c ; eye no 4 ne pigs (Cus) (gelling pricey (Gest price) => Coit of overstocking = C.P — Robste Nox 2¢ c. Gaor/stoacte caged! (Cos) Cus => Service level (SL) = mcs Cos Q Ris a i a Steck of RAK (80x) Cus t Cas [su oF SOR a SO Apex sencice ORR ShockWe ah Q. 30- A = \0000 , wii ® 4 Jusit [yeor” @ € € = f000 units TAS) c0q = Ac + DaAcst « = 10000 x20 y [mo00e names 208% 4 < = 264000/- “ ATA) ge ACTF es + Ser = 20) [o000x 20 + 19080. 200 * eet 4 = 205006/— TT (FAC) soe with Rif aliscount = Teo then a0p0 order becomes economical. (Tag = WAC) eg Ry. ' : re [re at ty joooe | 1 - 6." + LOOSE 200 + 28 +o = 204000, too" R, = 04g y, to make. if economical BL A= $000 unit = + lyeer S = 280 oo ce 18h P - 10000 |year* MMBerg = fences CE), 2, faxmuoxatensee ctasve ke ie Lee-6. 1500 39 ve aica Gv derma = SOOO XR + [S00 = 64000/- TP anybody supplies the items fy 64000/. then it is batter to buy jratedd of production of if 4 S = 64000 S000 6 = 64000 S = 12.6/- fF = 27000 escent . Sp = 12-8/- & - fF BER (Brak Ev Gly) = Sy 27000. $5000 units 12.8-1) Dexy 82. This im an inventory mode} vith price brake. break Procedure : Th thts seleet the leost price. Caleulak. EO? The falls in the ‘range mentioned for the price thon it fs fhe lose order. Cal. foal Ac of Eoq 4 give the result, Tf it i not falling in the reyye mention for that pri: then cle. the ronge fn othich E£0@ falls . Cajeulate TAC also cal: TAC with min ordered qty jn the subsequen pt Tang es . Amory all the Ac ahi 21000ooo DT EEL. [PSSST @ > ON = (09.54 > 10] & qin the range meth mentioned for that © price De I TA) coq Be pico = [000X100 + J2xiooo x100 X60%O°] a = (0), oh B= 28-8/- ES cae BAS | ose 28-8 f Ce OF SIA xo 2 = Sept 14342 units << 20,000 z yo Bt is falling below the verge a Not best orden ° Ss Fe » fe Zxeioex 26-8 £6 C, xt 4-6 Kod 4 = 138416-4 > 10,000 aa / As it falling in the range mentioned fuc thot price 2 ae it ts a best order. S. (TAC) 609 2 ACA | LACSE { _—_—__-— ¢ - = pore ng + L2xtohx 28.8% 16% 0-2 ‘ meyer yA @ (TAC) yo = Wet ACH aS 1 a OF 20008 ¢ Medes, oe Ue ye ee Qoevo oaAmong TNE TW COs} The Jeasf Cosp te ter 2o00e wer LL arder'for’ 20060. units at 'a fimé.” aoe 2g fst Se 36 [- D=03 Dxtavon BO mean 3" : ¥eKoa + 7{- 38 < 1200 Nek valid E0q, . | 2xPooxac 6oKod = 68.3) 2 400 Cas 8 cok Bog 16 werange} A Not valid. Lani ase oat £0q, = py ies sae . 65 KOD = 65.63 pay Aopup ~. Best order ou (vac), = AC + J 2A,8CT = [200x 65 + J axtenox 36x 60x03 Testo, 1 Are = 79,279.84/- (Tac) = Ac tAs+ Sex cence) 60S 400 Gter, @ a a HAG = \200x 60 + 1200, ge 4 2 x6ox08 a8 (260 36 (rac) = (75 \ goo 105] bs order 2M 2 Beat ores 60 ° wan ty Me (Trane = (00x55 4 1400. lye. wy two FOS + pw ST MOS = 78,938).ia . : F wwapysee OS Fahad OO Oe 2 REY Sy coq - [205 [_2x1900% 40. = a . N Fo00x 0-1 € ip oneal : 6 TRG 5 of ordere” = WAL 1908 25. Eince teekoeer g “ é SSet) i fry of orders © ye £ : NN § ‘ Aor) . « 08 ‘ . AOS e360 = 1H. ee IS days, = Ac + | 2Acst ‘ = 1000 Yoo + [axtooe xG00x 0-1 X40 : 4 FIO Sa | ~ 6,02,000/- snonemgeser SPS SRE (TAC) monthly orders ac test fer (TAC) coq ac + faacst 83.38 joooxcoo + 2g, x4e* 73 me xo] S, 02,000 : 1.0011 ! Jo. A = 18000 untks cost Jod™ S = 2el- @ ic © & Sreoeey OF 2 § fut lye~ Bienes + . v Se P joo wt / ye : wlt Pye pooigte? : : fF000 arty er oT = ES = 60 > Consumption . ae 290 & word S24 [2S p. _ | Bisoaae Be ‘ cr (p-r) a 8 * (0-60)Sot Ting = Ep x P ° : = 6124 x (100-60) ” 6 = 248 a Wo eceg sx (£7) Rota uortarse _ oe — cee = fisooonan Sx 26 x Ae : = (224-74) NOCE godutn 7 ree = Lm of Tome AS Noe ~ 2 SS = 612-Sf- fh 18. A= 2000 webs 28 = — “Syd: perma + a a E0Q = FF : [exeecexse. 7 XN ~~ 2x 02 = 200 raeee (TAC)eog AG + [2acsr : Se 2000 x 20 + { 2x2000x 20x SOxX0-2F = Alooo/ wr) ee) (Tae a aie) AL @ ex( ~2.\ & a, x Nes ee ( Too / * g cae) et 3 2000 100 2 = 200020 ee 7 1000 ’ ( a) + eee x04 “Do aa (1% = 4132s Dont accept the discount a the cst is more MekildeOO etl = 26 X12 walt? S = 30/- ale = ade er = of lunit | Geoovet who, Meck peawmed tard weutl 36 Junit | yet “ge? / . 300%5o . a DAS er Qe cr ( ro) Ce - Soe rR) i sx6 2 SFG writs gk 2AS er = Soe ee = lax = BAS anh Dap * S116 KO AS = Sot é Purchase cat} = AC & 900% % = 600/_ ee Ags + 302% yg0 = 212/- ¢ Q SNE 9 { ‘ » ree = = 162g Som es cr 1S2.18L ot BOT Shortage cost (sc) = — es = BAL 2 - 124 /-<0 we A = [0000 ee < 2 Geetha Comune» ated 5 Pomalawetaiatl, CT = 0-24 WC Post L 4 'Sidays 2S days, 18 days , 14 lays, 80 days, '7de eaten ‘ oo ---£0@ =-f24s. 2 [Pe ssee : Ver =. 0-24 = 1000 units 7 i = [0000 . . Consumption rate 19900 . 97.78 units/ ew In small data ashen N < 80 extreme valuss ail] Lo fluence dota vecy math “Sthue are not considered for coladation & ke) “Le AG RBA NED Ue Vales Coo tee CanddeY Gor ceded! we : 7 E Quer ALT = ASEISHINTIT © ig daye OF umcge BEE (Cod, rn BE woke doko Awe © X20, Ae. ALT consumption ALT xX . consumption vate. Ecoecen %& 1 ernittec “* = 1S x 27.778 ee ee ees © SD 5 a = 416.67 orntied * “ °° Sue “88 eck 5 Sally chock. FTES Tatas wcomemnte . UT = Aig Lot) oR > (80-18) x 27.779 - = ANG.67 a neo vee | Moy gee OS, Rat — Roe ye of, Aug few = AN NPHONT Ret oy ROP = ALTC+SS! = | 2 3 “i ay} Fre __) wo? Pl Vaond [dey mt) 3 2 c 7 pe v2 a S 4 20 : : 3 4 24 4 7 4. 2 4 s 8 2 \G § 4 2 ’ i a epeesz| = Fine 20 2fi ve oe . Ap - Zin! Ae . a er Cormoge lead “i See) ga Ee 3 Sco epegied —quecae tors vgs dorand = ALT x A0 [dar > 6KB . 7 = 18 arated i taiiim Caseced Map demand = eT RMP = lorFzF Butte stoac | $6 = 7018 Dextah gesoer _ 8B + . © note ey © 60 units Service level (8) = i = 088 agate = Septet eet SB. She KO 2 2.05x60 = 123 ALID 45S = '800 4123 = oo ed, La ame ee!= 12.29 units SS 2 She xX 65, For qof, su SF = 1-28 SS 2 1.28 x 12-9r = IS67 16 ow's an soy Leo MWR Demons) 4 sereletysrace, = ROL * yess, “= a eo ~oxchex Leva ' Perea oblige = S% otk seud Beotivtelay " Jaseettt Yooywmlk&— Ses 14. sehr S-P = 2 /- 2 Bene ooo gives oat. comme cp = 0g / ~ an é 8/ Rot o.g seweelach Gor com og CUS = Se SP- CP T ndev see ° 2. aac acco Ty 24eee = Lal Int : Imay CG = CPR Cerne ani Rebate | urate soo" OSM OAL Cos pee Reria lee = Grey 1.2403 = 66 Tept = Tmin t+ St (Tmax ~ Devin) = 22400 papers “ elvan Lok Qe 16 SEG CH Coord Cys = S-C 2 S-2 53 Corot aves, Cos se 2 : See eee Cust Cos son = —Ces_: + sows OW fe bP pee we ee 8 f pone b ae i 2p 0-38 o-8e ‘ fe ef} 0-6 Ceere teu) optimal 79) yo. | oy | OTE obs SHS Saar * Stockiy ee OF _ paliey 13 ine ow] 1-08 or 5. A = 3000 gS. Bof- CE = B/. C&fantlyoud tees cas fovier seal ansers, combat (ut geet” coup lesdte ff 2 120 oe 20 unity Sseword) _ DAS. 2x8 3 ; F0@ = [ AS. aera = 180 units Son = 2h st<= 487/ 4 SPe- = 20S Semre gee ober BS = see x = 28 x20 = Al units Rol or ROP = ALTD +55 = tam +4) . ~ gee 16) Rol= 40. a QoL = ALTO Tt SFX & : — yo = 125 + SFEX 2D ae sf. =) yy SG ~ SAY Belov T oss + 34.13", , Cede eee ees (Reo-eutae Wat ecawe.fer: 3. Annual value = poxtos |. 8 = s000- : qr = 0 ALT = 2 monthe oe 10S Smenths = Sts 47.8,2X 12R1OEX DO a 6-25 Ww = At{2 Ace 219084.1- = 81649. 65 $.8 2 8Fe Ko = 1eG6 XK B1CHT 6K = 160033-3/- ALTC © ALT OX eR = 2X 10% = ant Rote Rite cass aa = 360033 /- P9713 : . ; SOR 24 ape QoL CP = 7OL- Demand] Preb Play Rebate = 50/— 2 \ Cos = Profif = SP CP 2 al ee eign 7p noo eee 0.55 ioe ® 0-2 Cos = B.P ~ Rebake’ god S ood = 70 SH =. 20/—~ su ote = 8 or Cust Cos 20 + 20 we 22 Az Uvo B= Joo T= 020 BAS 2.x 250 18° coq = [BE [RRL ay cee q qr Mle casa ee a By (EES Fr ea eo bee an <Wyeoa se soe jy $ tg ek iO in _] 24 2800X 00x16 0°27 = 26N8/1— ee ere _ Fc 2 aes ea eA Cae ee? eeetocen tanec mich : A @ D 2 ever 4 oe xo + “SES sgx oar Ba Gesu As (TAC) ae < TA) cog Ordering 500 units * + gw Vorianee: 1S Land time demand] fod | PIR “Ky 80 oa |oatgo-ti2} 204-8 a r 10, 25) 36 \20 os | 142 : Mo 0.25) 196 2A JS. 2 1c 7D ROL2 = ALTD + SS 2 ALTD + SF © }-2CntD = VAR ALTD + Spo ee or, O28 Ao | i o ALTD = 80xX0-2 + [00 K0-25 $F 120K B F 40 KO-2E = AID 21-35~¢8 higher than ALTO “4 Fe _O-O117 ALTD ~. BH OOUTX 1D 1 3no oa ROL ans be}? 100-4050. but not 100°/. ANS © 757 ar : ay Sel00/- FeO ITC = 10 /unit [mount month = [20 funit [year A = 800 units Tye = Ag + @ cr 2 e $08 100 + 22.120 : : “= 6806/— 24. p= 1000 /month ~ E04 Rre0q y= 00 [month Q = 1000 canis 4 i - @ (Pt —. coed on ) Ne tooo [ £0 tse (soo) = 01 pronthy | Cirmalative | Cams | ena ae a produstion | cloned [inv Shrojoge eo \ 100 go 20 el @ oon ee = e 3 260 ogo 7 ee 4 320 300 | 20 &. > 180 & . . : jee DD : Cummatatize prod ~ Curemutative oenand Eas ca € NE a Stedhege for Avg inventory to be. in consideration ee | Shectage Aceh $0 up Tee s Trvendory Jewel + Amount of ordef < S = Base stock. 8-3 D203 dey! UT = A days ele) = ef a Lx 03 Plo} - e -@3) 0. TA08 Ce “3 Gs ' pi) = 2 ) 9-222 u pe) = & °S (03) 0-033 ; (2o Pla) = A? @ ay a ia 5 bo0dae ug 4. ® 5 qve = KA, Oe) CDi a ee + 2 Wag = eoq = IAG = 424.26 - 6 TVC cog = Joacsr g 7 > 82 rn? qTve x A*% Moda, SAB. 1188 Th Ag : t 18-37 t (E09), fs DE 100 x joo (€oa) . a : . } ° (=). i Coleslote @nsumptio value. Mio vale > @ oeeee ge 30 300 eco o 2 60 5 300 10 7 20 5 Ther CV. c Avo 8 Ag F 30 is} 6 A 3 rT -€ 1 T \ q o7 & oo Pareto principle Vitae PEW ap TRIVIAL ANT cy Ng Os AC 2 200 400-— fF “O10 a 6.3 ro -— 7 0+ 30-3 oS) Ooo = 10 o-1 Came) o-1 2a- on ee) Cumulative Yoon 40d B02 — & 448 qo13 — 8 475 46-21 7 4g] q7ae 484 440 AUS 4q0.8 498.2 443-7 eeTEAR» PRogRaniitits . WG & Basically in LP we have either Marimization relations hl ps are. valid. sinini mization & linearity of + can be solved by AlN two & three variables P graphical methed Procedure. fox gra hical_ method @ Sed up the cua ive fxn @ 27 constraint 4° into intercept form Kigdet @ Convert the oe on the graphical sol” spage. , @ Plot the © Tdostity He convew sol” spare shih ts satisfied by all the constraint eg. 9 space tn ® Subsitute the corner pts of the conver sol a minimum, the objedtive far, fo. obtain amoximum or Convex. sol”_space : Th a sol” space idedity two pis a & if the hi Hea entirely fo sol” spe eorrectt connesting both the pis jhon j} fs called conven Sol” space & if Tine cloes not les fo the sol” spose then it is Bien o€ chai Cw Pro FTF — Masi» Cost MOIS sal called ca non Convex sol” spose Bs Non conver Sol" space. 9 conver sol” space.ee a See RAR 73 { % 1 %Z0 As 5 2%, 70 & %, 70 So ggh Tew ake 4S queadract Rondel osittiboyehg ~ Umoounded= UsWood emanate, « eae uno) _ Za = aKa 6M 2 Gc Misinieation : ey “Ge Masimizstion 2 Ze? eed Zp += 18 Zap 2 OF Bx,7, eee Bo, tM Hay + Xa ZAP 1 2A 4G7 Converting incites fo jnbecept for C1 %22P : 4 St quadroxt A, 22 of By M7 | a To * ae 7 HE Bo 7 he eee ee 5 wee oe «38 ho space aace) eae toeZn ein = SAAS 2 OL, res Ze= SK8t4xag CI Zemin T} Ps an unboun 4x0 = [80 sol” space. but bound Optimum sof”, - zy Tpstead of minimization if it tr manimization then it 1 a case of unbounded sol” space £ an unbounded optimum sol are exits for it ; Ae Zmay = 3% +27 => ny SIS 2-7 S40 “Thfeceapt Foxe: a ey Ry 1 ie taj St zo Yea St +7 Tis case of unboundes| Spore & sag unbounded opt se k -40 exist for the probBear ” . “10 . J Zaz 60-10 = CO} Anan a > Unbounded sol 80° spose, but bounded optimam sol Trsterd objective fxn Zoe = 3X4 > Unbounded sel” Speer & an unbounded optimal sol” exist for the prob. peg 40 y seo Boek 2h Si8o J Zap = 3X4 may 4 MI ZOvo. Za e, 120 Be 1) : ren ys Ze = Sk204 2x60 =/ 180 > Zeon Zp = 8x40} 2xg0 =\ 180 ‘This a cose of muttiple sol” to the prob: STF the slope of objective fen & the slepe of me af the qastraint 2% ts same & if the optimal pt lies on the constraint 4 having the same slope os that of the objesi fxn they the prob. is said to hase multiple sel”- 12 Zima, = Baty D> Qaty <4 Enercept form oor a E+ FR! : er test s180 1. Tofeasible sol” If w-we & y tre is permitted then the prob ol’ hove unbounded so]” space.Zn 280 > Unbourded sel” spore. & an unbounded optinel sol” fir a prob f.1 4 Zinag & RAF Ay- AR Zl . y « Sapy Z-10 Cay * Wha < Y SloAA, tag XS ov Bx, axe, < qo UF 2%, +54, S80 Corner pt: 4. Coxyn ts o'00 tamcideed 20 A Cac Wud AN BAS Wade SO Ye. sawed a magaceh woatonS + & 6 Zenoy ES Hy 1 1 70 BE areroe Gone. AS gwen We We ACAI, PES B08 cRNA EAE NOE VON |eRcee 4 Rrcoye = WX ASX24 27 . b Lamp WR A ht” Ie Cus or0d Ze = G2) Cocatxe) = oy ° : I N Coxe xaroe . Lee ~%, FAS) ™ ay, Jae i wee pelea rae ‘e Q zp ta A H, 1x27! : thy Ste, 24 Ae BB © (enh eeee oe e Rr Ay FO ’ a eg S : : E — _ Ly Re ey ears eee | 1 =a) Qed ht osc, L ~ Rens aS eaek vedeoere |! S Arras Aa Geant akon) § a $ a a : — et, 7Y/ —) Zp +3 : Zm : Oe zmw ’ Ze 2 Bey EDF Zo 2-322 cl” . ae Cova e*) 2. Unique sel? AS thax mp i an the same Betty ON St my S10 Det Sy y20 PREY \ a may tS, = 10 \ er Po ~2x- 37 +S,= 20 ) Big form a 4a Gannonical farm: os . . O The objetive fro ts of morimization ty pe/ @AN the constraints are © (ess than or _equel to typ @AW deceit varioble ane 2 0 . Zmin = 2xt8y > Zax = ~ 2x ~ By Sot St. eee 2a By <2 x,y} 2° Gu dureedBows? ve “rome: pecedene S@ Sel up the objetve Pa e © co i w * > — nujvaint ey ‘¢ O —- . € non negativity restrictions {W Converion af inequalities to equalities - Sign Yex_prob . S Add’ -tve! slack variable : Jo the contiraiat 2g” & 0 SAME TREATMENT - coef]. to the slack variable : in the objective Fen = ety S10 Kty FS, =10 & in obj fxn OSs Add “wei” slask & te * same artiticio) te the constraint | Get <4 toot is added ye q add 0 coeff to a to the avtiticiol vowisble. , . fhe clock vorfable MM] jo the eben cee coctt to the ebj—teete | A.titicial variable does rot ortificial vatiable 19 5 | yoo. any physical signifiance Vv a & ip por chomcoaked ECL ~ very lange initetecrs! nade, Vole teen ond. {a doch oe gene ook OF pie SORE OO EaMQ aD Lase: + 05, A (FOS, MAY ge + MA ee Add “tue” ortitictal to Same. dreabment an conspriand f x Log, Vedes sav? Je. pened Casicide Lean fee ‘ Lemar + AS Gey Melee, tay MEO Me, VEER Sy ss8 Be) Zhrog © 24a + ABD cclbeay @ 44+ 2b S48 : ee eee ll “Qt 2b+ Ss, = 48 4,620 2a 4+ b+ S& = 60 “ Zmay = 244 + BART OS, FOS, Procedure : D Set up the std simplex table with “cj” coeff. of objetim 4 Bo ~ canttraints & min ratio corner The coeff. of the constraint eq” of the variables form the body of the madre The variables corresponding fo unit matrix ave the. jaitiol 5 jo the prob: Deleon 25; which is metrixy multiplication of el dector of i colimn. af ca) lth; iedivival catanet fhe metry Detenaldy 2) , the ‘most Mee sey Fj isVertering vettor Fer marimizatlen & mouse. “we” Cp -2j PS Se — ane Minimization. stag, The Héments in the entering verter ore called entecag v vetton Lluwents “They are also, the interseetion elements fo SS Det. the min ratio by dividing “Bo column with rap enfening de elements >Select the min “sud retio as the Veaving vettor For both manimization & minimization i \ a its pt Bigniticare + Present Variable 08) I$ Oe lee Jeaving sel Bs being taken up by entering veuter. Is called a iy by ditak ew the “pivot element Drive the pivet element to the vow containing the pivot element with fhe clement & Write, tne vralaced rin -Zj (ose) 0. CHD © cce,2 6) ° 6 3 Teles Cpezy [ee 24 CCD al S a asi poof ON Abb tes yy BI So 24 yO Sa Rect 2/2 ° ace 1 36 Zz Seo eeryg way 0 Cte, Sin St ® o- aa oO As oll vous of C774 MS Oo WM = sol is eptioa.. | * aed 5 Bosic variables . 8, = 36 aso an eas ol non basic variables I Whichever basic SO variable in thesel” fer thak Beale voriable in the Cj ~2f Tow itis Oo, rane Laas TF no-of Zeros are No. of bosic variables then sol ts unique — + TE «li then prob is said Ce 3. onimanded BH FOSS avladed ie to saan ont endedy Weck Nema, tea yerosiad ) paltiple sel” Aeomrmerntt ya Ale. Sahuwtion ts passions ae catNe! Loh EK, tex weds Boauhs = rave Naato: eo Ut WATS AO Malena nd Gare BOEKE BONO Cialctiins ets - CORT Tipe Seal change 1S Made 1 one eT THe Tews OF A mMafri: ©" @ corresponding change’ Should be tad Tn remaining ' Gee oy by walag oh New elemest = Old dtenat— [econ Cossesponain 7 Se ee lamang aie = 2 - Ujxh «= - . = to- @)xt = 0 = o = U)*y, = oboe : = | = Wo © = | = 60 ~ U) 24 = 26 “> Repeat the above. process From calculotion of Zj onwar Hill the. Sol” obtained is optimal & the _opHmelity fs gue the optimality Jo J by $ ral. : “ 5 : vere a All © values or “ve” values for maximetation : 2 ro : minimization. ee For Finding the alternate sol” whichever non basic var is having 0. evaluation thrawgh that varioble we enter 4 pertorrn Simple» procedure , altemede ot” 19 ebteulm speata, anes Daa owes ES RHE Na OF ZERS AM AE ica) ya) owe AE WO OF oomie Wome sven Ae Wes hoo eoulighe Bustier if TO BES ade Zopliy Avs BA ensue ts “ge (oC abe enke at and Paks yw sigan Mew Pecedie HO AAEMWIE SqGKON AAS Madi Is olsawed’ SShoicly ED Po ae Rvee i OaNtdde ra OVO NER Ok —_Qregeverd GOATEdED . Qe er uy Seeakee — SRNR COI Me. em ony iu HERE E ractkors vaateldee 's Svance, fats coe’ an 3%Or’. . . Bak 2 Un bounded sol”: * ic —— ; . 5 © Tf entering veer is there if indicates thal improved ¢ 4o the sol” is possible but jhe min ratio column. is faving € A gece’ that means thee is no_mlnive eM zips dr ™ yas we can not leave the sol” . Tris a case af & unbounded sol” spate & a unbounded ¢ optional eal” exists for the prob This situation is ovise? shen obits entering veelor arrives have “-ve™ sign 4 Oo , & By coknis. of all ue! vos ues _ 3. Infeoible sol”: oS TE Cj-Zj Inaicetes optimally 4 artificiad variable is all in the sol? yestor thon ft is a cose of infeasible sol TT any one. of the basic variable {nthe sol” has 4 zero ang thon Tt indicales clagenernty: Dogenecaay erill cba Resor eoslier itsel? te if thor ts Ne in the min rate colume then it incicates thad one ot the voriable in the newt fable will have a 0 any for resolving degenorony divide “Ss, veslor by entering ater elemends «fer the Hed min a veekor SS NS ts having 0 ans je called os feaving vert Gy Si it ae ss © oo, vemowed CO SHR Fuck ie Bye eve eve AWMae Sk Y BENG Verio ° erpensis. orneng ae ated eves e Sa | | CHR Taog Reo ae 1K 6 = tLV \ :a: wide Zonay = WH 16 Ra + 2% sho Sat mat Re 1S Ry Aa Xs ZOSS + = Be, $ Wee + Met A, =I2 A, - Artifievel variable ex, | 2%. 1 ‘ii yy s 1 za | 4 Clee | : CORP Zmoy 2s “s ° -| 4] 1 von A |S Et 7 . 7 All valued ave? or ~ve 2. sol" is optimal eS + Zinay = 36 e+ 6 eo *ar 0 BR Ag=O / @ 42x, -®, + 3x,4+ 8, 2 5 Ziman = 4%, F6Aa tH + OS, Ac tere is ne LV i} is a dese of unbounded sol? spose. & an “unbounded “optimal sol? Sexist fer ther prob G.- Zmin = 10%, 1424 S% BN. Sx,-7x,48ea760 2 Sx, 47x. + 8X3 ~ SAP 50 Ure M70 Zmdry = 10x, + %2 + Bag - OS, MA, Min vod io SY = 10 LN ye = 8% OV‘aw As Min vatlo eof. vatues Degencrede. so|* samets) ‘ej sv | Min ede 8 Whe iM) 08a. 1g 6% oo c: oe i cj -2y An soof O > no. of bosic variables = Prob. is having an ableencle optimal sol” & 4. By doing Simplex methodelogy we con gt alterrale sel” tothe prod: © we cal ey oY iz ” : : } vain sv | m,% yale O%y . 4 ws BS] Ss “Vs po “I, ~ aa) Ya Y , Ps there fs no feaving wectoy case of for the pred: i Tt is & F pptimal sel” extsh i @ aro eam ¢e ry unbounded sol” spowe & a anbeunded, zy fate | ja jetesm o -m 5) Ths a case of infeasible sel” arfificiel variable in the b o r » | Preyer mage geatt of see _ Auailetty ia Zimay = EX Pie St “BR, hee x, $60 Phe aes eae ae Ain, 1A, tA S72 Mle | Bay + Sara Bayt 5) = 60 madd e 2 w, 00° be | Ak, PAK, EAM +82 272 HF 14 A ky S100" be eee PAR, tSRy thy = 100 Ha 7 Z © ~ | cj s jo & ° oO ° | Sv my ae Xs Ss, Sa Ss Bo ia | tex, | Ve ) ° Vee 8 &- [beg | 7 8 1 “Ys shy 0 to 0 “8, 0 o “3 Why 1 18 2H, 10 a *%s, os ° 160 “Ms ° 0 fs -Ss ° | Basic variable are Xai %s A Ss 2,2 8 Rs 2 10 = 18 (Labour bes anutilizs4) i ero BS, HE 8,20 as pred. of A Masertal resource tale hy ‘resouree, Labour hr resouy Fasly consumed fally consumed — remain undufi fier Aa & sof” is untgre — as in table | se PEE Czy se maar ee ook By-Zh co RAK Swe aduderr ES coe CAN COME | FO. AG VOPOVE ME SOLVE AE freer of & arepldiat Seouyed ere BES JQ nookue > 284id .ky mates tal alo, toy a contribution t= by 743 cont.’ * [ses bY 2 a Predy 2 et yaa Prod. 8 be e. prid ¢--L by Va pod. CoG : mje be teat bby % Imi be bcomt dew by . prod BV HY Ye pred. 8 hy Ve es prof CC b by Shp Po \ by Ph, € 2 io iO ee (12x %) aan 23 lo 7 \% 3) =4 24) One. A produce > contribution tia by "Va “ve ove not producing HE. for loss =p ere have to produces & sey i Bul BC should” be stop- Prod Bas by Ys | pra ck by 73 ' pajwores sovieg ened fer A i 2 160 -(yxs) = 138/- ag. @ K Resources sowed vac for prods of A } 27 4f pelt © A chorged from 5S fo grese than 2bfg thax eee is gb saboptimal & A has fo exter in The sol" i TE prehit o9 A = 28, iho alernabe se]? mey be elfaineeh a : ’ te ge nottig aT happen te current sl bod as 9ee oy emma Foc. weriables, in the sol? FT the prered profit, will vory i : {ill vory ir Ceclain ‘yange thon sof stl net change 56 gzi| Es , —-—C.. ~2 toed ULF io = lot? = 2 tr-2=% Min toe value, rep rucab upper Himtt &omin tue, valve repraet fowec limit Gedy 20 cuctrent profil oll not cheage . By vacping farotit fe G7 -2Z} . via ® eRi2 5 ee | “yy, ° 2-40 liga 6 7 : 7 by varying profit & te to current prlit coal | mab honge 2g. © 24 Q BO. a For researces which ore’ fully exhousted oe “divide Bo Sol: wllh 6,1 & Velde Bo wl: wil ss > go +30 = 40 § a 6o-24 2963 72+ BME. Law 7 7 17 re 2n ge J 7 mf 31. @ a2 5 tres Bayt -- “ty Bo Cie Shedee prices : toro = 2 d= o WS ¥ he () D S/ Imifley value of dat wid jt does not exter fhe oe““Pyobt. 244 80 {coott) OL = Min ive value, ber Moy abselube - 6% volun Prob. Sl pe = Max absolude velve Lee Min 4ue value Pero aa. Ripe Fe ace Se ONS By BNR Bas L230 Ty tA BB zee Ky Xe2 SO jxyoe, noe | TWO oe | GAS, A, Qo ARK GA MHA HID TE Al, HE BG. Racer SX ce Ag ON GHOX4 LOE V4 : 18 | [wss- fe} tes —— Feel — {Th min “amin amin Senin” division of work among WS ofp of Jinw Th the cose of uneprol slowest oper? takes longer: is controlled by the slowest oper? & Balancing : time, = T Procedure for Line Available preduation of unis produted = N No- s Cyde Hme = sc N “Time to assenble one welt a Re “Theordical ray Ga oksn eaee co| 7 c No- of work stations are always rounded off te the higher: 5 “TheereHecal line, NL = wee co _ pnt “Theoretical bolancs. delay = (co (Ey 100) rich 1s dueto unepal division of wor. i prete’e ; paved on ecrnaled a . | Lek the aatual 0: of eworkestations, be “‘eb>os dtageam Se ee Actual bodance delay © too — 2% x 109 be. At osch & every WS captain wserk. element ave ollobed Auth thed foto) allotment does not exceed ode time C. While allofing work elements to WS we Can act vio lef drow the | tha” Aesbaotagi cal precedente for this gerrse we"687k B600 126 000 see No-of units produced = 8400 TSK TASES SOO S45 sfunit “Time fo assemble 4 unit: 430 see eee ouo ars While alloting work element fo Wes mannar thot ee at each a ae _ 18 Theoretical no-of Wis = ae = 28 867 ay 4 Theoretical n = 18° 1 u axe x 100 Theoretical balance. deloy = (00-46-83 > BEY Wis t at Way ne to go | OTT eke s e sf = hy / MUL 4 we Actual no- of &s eautual = Actual WS Xx = 182. x 100 10 KIS Ackual bolance dele = 13.337, we showld allef in sutha & wy WS does not exceed WS.f \ i 4 BEN. far, decision making: a BEA ton be wed for Taking a decision » Byecl dif mice available for selestion A 8 Fixed cast oe F > fe) Voriable cost VY, Vi ( deals eit variation jm FE, Verte. i | cot A salts revenut the eHfeel en BES at i ; : i BES = (a ag) (seas). Aa charge tecast i \s + Aas) (vt 4y) i i : i Se => Ss (ee ceoewe =) § 0 BRar FL cto \ tence Ge: \ “ie kon PIE Wotets ue conbdvesh one ceAtYA oF Go/ aveAwen Epernad : oor. . L + Bx AWS TERE aw Ho: | BORE, Hed poe con detaning « 8S ShOA GE (erdamad OBEWes | Element | time t a 4 b 10 It d,-< 8 —_ : © ist T- Cycle Hoe © Is We Allotment fo 14> Wes MT f 13 — ae we 9 ; st -| (say eterey4 = ts Ij 4 aan h “4 24.27 TE ind 13 x kK, AYm 4 SER titer blanca ae ete - 5 Bolanee delay = © -_ F St tsa value 5 (ine nA 100! dS “ Largest Goork, allotmenP Av eyary erin Watias ntl come cub of anne bly No. of unit predued = -S%8 . 60 Boe n= — — x 100 = 03-33 8x6 a egete Te Th CT 2 U min t By combining & KH 98° ak wes con be reduced +0! o © © ®@ 6 @ @ @s{sese: 5 A Ale ee 2 7 4 6 49 7 x [ase | @ TH} gage 1EME Tce ees ea cealeeme Ong Ane h—-= Balanced delay = 100-86 = 14. © 38) : yO ®-® © © 6 6 6 ® & 6 fF = £ GF FSF 4 Bg Bw Available ca reso = 42D min Noob units, “predued < ae unit oi “es = 12 min fuinit Time of assemble | undt = “a6min Ths vee ws. 3 og a ° 6 Bee : line = 100 rr 6 m a ©-T = 85-77, ao 8 Lic tagcat 1208 allotment) a 6 aul 6 , Ir oa assembly of toys [0 wok, clement eoeh requiring 2 anlts of Hime. Thereisno technological precedence & no cement can be split , How cam be workelemert bo. auloted to SWS such thab A is Map -™~ [= Jf . ? Slowest oper” Mitr Gpadity = Max pred on Ine — i © Demand estimate = => Pi %i = (20000 x03) +( 40000 xo-s) + (S000 ¥ 0-2 . = 36000 . . No -of TR87 chips Tegh == S6000 x3 No ef TREA chips weg heed) = 108000 For 1507. capacity F 1-5 x 108000 = $62,000 PE System capacity i -_8 2 acl TS May novel entries = 2000 | | Entries possible. during the sperational Hme= 0:6 x 2000 =|200 No of entries otfually ‘possible = 800 = 66.67), 2> mor 8 gee pel pte production. Ou seek oe oe Gocd patti), = | 60, avo _ 160000 wv e cae €. Ga aon ouee N. Noe of Good pork = 0:8 €& Leto ped oF cet € produstion = 2,00-;000- units. E 7 . = . ase : le ime rege. for soduttion = 200008, FO. \‘ ete oe B58. | . 8. rie * e Sooo bre. i Available time [mic = 2000 KOS X04, : . = qoo br’ oy pelstza . i nos ofthe Prepirag «Tire for produto copa ‘ Available fina, [mle “Gen, = BG mie FY mic Hourly off = S82 x08 x04 = 18 parts | br ee ee t 1 SEQUENCING: : \ | \ Sequencing of 0 jobs on two mice: (ae Le] Su 1 jobs to be pectormed 1st on mle A & than on mle B jn segsrenee suth Oo prob js called n jobs 2 mle The time taken for eoah job. 00 eoah mic tS differnt} , 8% The — sequencing nude for this cated Tohnson's wwe, Th te heaviflse rule CHbumb) vie) TE he aon covelepe fer pertod ef time by opreetive-»® List the process Hme of all the jobs an both the mie .g{ Stlee} the list process time. TP AepSeRKrte sh there iis f sdut any . TF the sdeebed He fs on mle A schedede. as early —as—posstble TP it sor ite schedule it- as Jade 03 possible. Delete dhe job schedule, . Repeat the. | dbove process Hill the entire allocation is complebed. Def. ‘make span Hoe & idle time of each mic. ) ty SE 5 Tob met m/e I A 2 1q eB < 8 a2 8 eS + cS 37 £5 = D 84 ae < = E 66 $4 Tob mie T mie I Tr To Tr To . 7 = S eae 8 a : \2 2D c 8 12 20 25 iS 12 18 Dee 29 p yet ay | @ppree sent fr? =o ee ly obilestten | qa, x Luteo!2%, -%, + 34,48, = 5 Ziman = AK) Ox, + eZ FOS, oe i = «BO ~ be av BX, 6% % Sy oy RE re cone Cy 3 \ 5 Zz 9 ° | ° o ° Cj 24 ‘al q 6 _ Guy jo As there is no LV df is a dase of unbounded sol” spare & an “unbounded “optimal sel” * exist fer ther prob ae St S® ,-7x,4 825750 G 9. Zmin = VOX, 1%, + F % = Ay a EZD Saye 7a, + 8x, ~ StAp SO Vv ' Zmir = 10x, + Xz, + BX ~ OS, . MA, \ 5 Ie : © yf Bo | Min vedio Em Ho eS) Ay . reel -7 B -1 an} 30 | S% = 10 stv 3M 7m am mM] som | : osm 47M Sam MO - \ -J oA, e it uc oC} Ye \Yej] $0 | Bye + SY OY | Zz a fel 2 | 100 Ha (oad “Hi | Q-Ay 8 is a | 2 ev!) /os see 5 nt g4 3 2 Cc oO ° ° Mi - gy oe, Me Rg Sy S23 Bo | valio oy te Be | oxy wm | ° mo 8 yes 0S 2 dD ° ee ' 1 47° \ py } o » s ° i wh As x20 %ye 0 Sa? Peeere gs a1 eS ae As Min ratio eel. valuiy same “atv | ea J. Degenerate. so|”; m et Be spe Ore 20 2-0 Mh el, ey . . a F |. « ne Ss, 2 3 , MW arabe? € 38, \ 2a o la | yy [Phra a a Pe ee ee ss © 6%, © vs o fx] & [0 Ee a 2 ° i\/ +14 : Gi 7 € 1 \f - = © ae oy € cp -2j f\ ¢ Av novel © > no- df basic vartableg = Probe: is havlxg an “ablernnfe. aptimal col’ & \ 4 @ doing Simplex methodolayy we cen ged alterralt sel fo the probe \G ® “I, 7 a foal NY, \eny 6 Cc ) Pes There FS m0 feaving vector , 1 spose & an cnbsurde4 se of unbounded sol” SP / Tt is a cote - for the: pred. : optimal sel exist ® .sf. Cy 3 2 ° 0 ny F & 5, Piel 5s - oF © 2 [ 1 MAL | oS oA i 4 i ee = ;.zy jars 2 20M tm | AM. \ Seca -1-5m Oo -2-4M -—™ ° Ths a case of infeasible sil) ess avtificdel. varied” | in the be ge eats grotto? astee 7 Aygilailhy | wer vot file emf ‘ as Zrap < BX, $19 %a + ORs gt (Ba, TE thx $60 Be Ko) tae ROS Aa, $l, HAA S 7% Ale 1 Gey + SAE Bayt S$, + 60 ya, Fee, FAM FS2 272 Qn, rm, tS%a tha = 100 DH, 4 7H 4 Bxy. S100" le 2, Ha 73D © s te & ° ° 0 a ; 5 Mir Hy, Aa MS on Sa Ss . ‘rotlo Va ' ee “bf, 0 © | 2b, 10 3 Wg 8 © -4s “Ss ° \ {__ —— Me Te | Bosic variable are. Rai Xs & Ss a, 8 weg 10 S52 18 (labour es anutilized) i yO mS, =e 8,290 Ss pred. FA Malesia] Yesource wale bw “Pesourer- Labour br TECH ) Fully tongsumed felly consumed remain unuti lice » ah | & sol” ds untgite as th table | % Xa K&S3°* 4 t [BP Aeayae ke ERE CLE SAL I COWL ) QHZ Ko MRR SEMI CANOE * 6g AG OPENLANE SOU 2 oo neGs OF A Ganldtat Seoegcd Cree’ Ja nsakue > By| Vy. Mateyial y 1 Hoge a contyibujion MS by fg “contd. Ysts by 2G Prd Bf by Ve Prod. 8 Ve Prd CG by ie freee etn Lanje bet cents ft by 57 Imo br contri der by 9 prod 8 4 by Ve pred. & Ye preg oh byt prod Cb by My 14, © 20. @ 2 > 160 (12% %) © Myof-- 2% lo - \% 3) =4 91 One A produce > conpibution laa by MWe 2 tle ave not producing it. for Joss ce have fo produce & sell u Bul 6& c shoud’ be stop fra, 8 bes by % redecy e deut es wby ard Reyooners soutay ted fer A 160 -(ys) = 136/- a. @ K Resources saved ised Ter prod. of A 27 4F peelit on A wchorged from 5 fo great than 26/3 thay gol” jg sabeptinal KA has to cater in The sel Tt prohit on A= 28. dhe alternale se] may be abfained Lo pom 45 Sge nothicg alll happen fo, current sal AR aARRHREA Ot13 Log ; i > A ie Fer variables in the sol” Hf the (presed profit, will vary ir sé Certain “vange then sol? aril net chagge CZ lio 2 : 4B Shedow price: d= Gy + 4¥(Gp revo + 2, Limithy value of do at wht jt does not exter the gis 24Prob s 24 € 80 (colt) bo OU Mins ee value. Ley = Mag abselate oe volue b. Bl he DL = Max absolute «ot vole LL Min tue value Pas aa, aad FC Ate St MYA By 22 AS ke £30 de RA EBC zee pee KEG, a BON no OG AK a2 Qe KAR AA HG ABO Ey Aloe, ALE BC. Rumoses Sct Mf OM AOL 4, tox, Vise BR apottos que wit ted! pfuamcages woauiin BE Pequodiao Maw Ui\\oe! HY vomades Loman! Ping Lcaueise, ouivg cin alnsver VS asdesiy Buy stack ewe: \ners & nay EI oe shudion oe ay aayveet | J 3 lasees 7 ae Aen ¢ f \ t pi aaa eeer : Line 6 BataNncine x Tt is a feebnigue a for mass production asserbly ofetation Acwale 1-48 18 [wes] fel Fea fafeeafe—— [The Qein amin Benin division oF work among WIS ofp ef line Th the case of unequal slowest oper? takes leqges: controlled by The ae oper? & ts Procedure for Line _ Balanclag : Available production Hime, = 7 of uoifs produced = N No. c ime = T= yele Hime f =c¢ “Time 40 assemble one unit wee Re Theoretical no. of WS. = 2% 2 | c Nos of workstations aie “ahooys rounded off to the Figher< TheereHecol line = 2% oF Te MIOo Theoretical bolane. delay = {106 Byres eshich js duato uneel division of work. a perce ; pated os tecnclef ee Fe ses | Let the aatual no: af workstations, be Fbra. agen a ow Nettual = “pe *1° too — A x Joe Actual bolance delay = AL osch & every WS cartaln oserk, element owe ollobedt euch thef total allotment does nol exceed ode time C. While alioting atork, dlements to WS we con net vie eb ee I. the feaboo bagi cal precedente Br this purpose, we draw TheYee . S vailable production time = 8X7 x 3800 s = 126 600 sec” No- of units produced = 8400 ay cyede Hoe 2 STROOD” 45 ST unit ~ 8400 3 | \€ Time to assemble 1 unit: 430 see le “Theorie! no-of WS = ee = 26 867 A A heoretical n = 12° = , “Theore u ame * 10 96. 2.96 /, Theoretical balance delay = 100- 46.3 While alloting work clement fo Was we should allef in sutha mannae that allotment al each & ove ws does net exceed ey we exe Adal no ef 8S ae Time fo a ple one unit Tautual &. one at x leo Ackuol ue s x Cyde fme | = 180 , : inte 86-667. Adkial balone delay = 13.937,3 Oa eae fFuhen there, ave 2 sé Even Fo BEA , for decision making: Sete BEA ton be used for taking a decision f ditt mic available fer. selection A 8 Fixed cast Fe fF. Fay Vortatle cut. V, Vi (weve) , + <2 = ~ mi tes Fo t4y, | B+ aye As long os T.c 18 same whether if fe Me A or B if i one & the same F,+9y, = ft dMe dd of) 4 Way) Ts, : oo ™ cost Ger 4+} 4 Fe q boop At BEQ whether mc A Kor mle @ it f one Kl same, Tt qty fe be mfg is leas then tL, prefer Bow Fixed oubml a mene! thon gp me High TF Dh procice| sttuadtion Hncarity vf rHatlen is net valld «ge Fe nen linear BEA. ‘etor Cf Pace Ardcoandk Lyle -BeiNtog A teenVee 1 ae ’ oo . fe SR came are of’ Vdeas “Non Vineay*@e A esimey ‘tote picture. Sele TC " aut Loss ~ prebit Profit Cy i | _ & Contribution ma in sradtto | Profit vel™ otis for a mulfiprodst} industry - : 4 i + (S29) i. a ae ee ( (Phy )catie 2 48 | er : a SSensitvity anal analysis: deals with —variahin in FC 1 Notable ‘cost sales revenue “the offead en BEL ext ; ees = FEAR(S eas) pcehage ed (s 448)> (vw 44v) Nroaidag. t => Fs t cosy dene 2a BN) | Slow # © Cst®s) ee Aso PES Colete ea Corduesh one cpaativg ad boVanaioa pend LOR 00% 5 oy AGS NRE HOt Tee Gene \ = Shed oe ewanedle tre “ia eo @E 3TR Sr ts. value S| ptt) €ome. oo _ Element | time Tv a 14 I b 10 i de 8 w : i" ee ee w eC 18 T; - Allotmest te ith wes “NT f 8 sre | ueat aren : it P i vey (Us -1ayte eroyt tls tay win b 4 = 4.27 Ie ind 13 z eee alal . m TP sr 20 > Perfect balance 4 Nine * 100k Balance delay = 0 . a ne n # tool, Longet coork. allotmen cub ag anne bly Po eyeny 8 be No. of unit preduad = £948 - 60 Line Ko= H NO x io = €3-33 ~ 8x6 cyte To? TR CT < Ue min By combining GAH 90° = 6 6 @ i 4 6 CT = 24 ah wes con be, telus: tot a o @ 0 one 4 7 4 8 4 T /tj203] 26 2 ASH ( IM 7 64H) ft | | | i |Hae oe SE QQ Oe pay : e a xB 88.89‘). : 7° ay eu = Ie € dine = AS eos EET [er X10 ‘ Balanced delay = 100-86 = IN] € ® © © © @ ®@ 6 @ 2 A‘ s S A 3 3 2 Available om 7x60 = H2D min. No-of units, produed = 35 unlh CT 2 BBO 249 min funtt - Time of assemble | undt = aémin “Thes.: 2 36 Teas reef WSs 36 2 g wes | elemerks | time [en 6 0606 r Line WU = = R100 = A iG ee Tm 2.6 A> eT = 85-7) w 8 5 Lcuasgent 1208 allotment) xz 7,10 6 wt 8.4 i In oa agsembly of foys [0 werk, clement eoeh requiring 2 anlts of Hme- Thereisno technological precedence & no slement can be split, How com be worrelemert be. abloled to GB WS suth thab 4 is may -co .- ©) Demand estimate = Se ter = (20000 x0.3) +( 40000 xo 5) + (Sooo ¥ 0-2 . = 36000 . . No -of TR87 chips Fey == S6000 x3 5 = 108000 No ef rRea chtps weg theed) a For 1507. capasity F 4-5 X 108000 = 462000 TS Way nove? entries = 2000 ; Entries possible during the operaflanal Hme= 0: 6x 2000 = 1200 No of endries adfually postible = 800 [ine Le foe. = 66.67 J. a” nor of geet pate < predation. . E lesroexsoe Gocd petty = 10, 000 * leo000 De G , Noe of Good pote = 6% a — ote = S000 bre. “Available tme fmic = 20d9 KOS XOGo we — pel tea ; os of fale. repired = Tine. for_produiften cova Available time [mle “Gon 2 5G mie f& 6mle Ni Hourly off SEP x08 xoq = 18 parts | br i | \ o> \ \ \ \ } i [wate] Sw ny jobs to be exfortied 18 on mic A & then on mle Btn sequence suth a prob is called 9 jobs 2 mle 1 The Fime faken fer each joP © cosh, mle os aithet 8% The Sequencing we For “this codled Tohnson's rule. , Te ts heuritfatte mle (Houmb rye) Tt has been sevelepe. 3 : foc pated of time by preter»® List the process Hme of all the jobs on both the mic. g( Steel the list process te. TF WABI there is + seleot any If the selected time fs on mile A scheduse, as early as possible tp yt te an mle B schedule it 0d lode 03 possible. Delete the gob schedule - Repeat the dove process till the entire allocation is completed. “Pet. make span time & idle Hm of each mic. 5. Tob mle I me A 2. 16 A & 8 ¥3 8 Fe © 37 85 F D e4 tL : = E 66 $4 Tob mie T mo I vr To Tr To ~ A o 2 a2 2 8 phe 5 12 2D i § i 20 25 € 12. 18 D | 27 ep et 27 TdleHme | 8027 © 3 : 4 2 | 7 vbliestio | Wh asMAMTECHART <1 r CHART | > 0 Jobs SB mic cose Le} ua oasume there ave 7 jobs & eooh job must be fowl Fist on m/c A then on info B & thea om this order for applying Sohnsmts rule a n jobs ve converted inte 9 job 2 mic Gast. ap ebe of the Follouily renditons ao -ReHeS ave 97 taped a) Mio processing Hme on A 2 Max Pr \ ) ss an vy | TR any one of above wend” sotishy , two acttictol mle G& H ore created for applying Johnsons Tule. Processing Hime on & = PLT om + PTm B aH p.T.on B FT e.T on C Voieg the above ortitidal mie Ame the jobs ore scheditled. used to Once the jobs ae scheduled , original Hime ore determine fre make, Spar Hime. Ba mic case te fo casting Hoe on B | | :— mec in | - 8“ O22. . ! so 3o yo Tey we 2 80 40 go 3 40. 20 70 4 To 10 60 | 8 60 50 20 | 4 6 18 48 ais a Min PT on 6 = 50 Map P-T on A = 5d Min PT mc = 26 ; MPT on BZ mee PT om AF cond” satis tee & min OT oe > Map PT on A = 2 Create 9 artitictol mic @&H “ Seprereing , Ebleleap Tabular method ty Tob 0 1 2 3 190 200 270 6 280 280 2208 8, 2 355 355 | 375 4 385 385 485 | 456 |PT. 425 5185 > aie € e Tle. J AAS-HO- AQS - (85 495-315 € = 70 = Blo = 180 le ehh - aaa SBE sere Loxton ie TH eond” is not satisfy , If ic en Toke 6 os th mle & Ate os 24 me Kappy |, A Tohnsonss rele & def: make span time 9% Toke BEA os [ST mle & Cas 2% mle , apr Tohasonts, rule & de}. make span time Among the two Hime whichever is min fhat he the best schedule . i Z Processing of on jobs throug b TK mic. in sequenee. ta gobs *k ‘mle case can bes sdonverted fox n job 2 abe cut HP any one éand” sotisty O Min RT m A Max PT of B,C T Ce a TH any of the above cond” gattsfy , a fob ple case. me MK x & Y, PT K = PT (AFB F--- 45) ptm Y = PT om BECT ~~ +k) Usteg above artifieta) mle Ame tie. fobs are scheduled One the are Scheduled fhe origina} Hime is used to dot \ | | | | con bs converted ton job 2 mic cate by creabixg 2 oxtificlel 7 \ ) i | i 5 '2 JoeB Mm mM My : 65 A Is 5 6 Is 6 Bw Bae oy c 13 3 5 1S D 16 4 7 19 Min PT o Mm, = 12 Min pT om My = (2% Mop P-T on M, = S&S ——— Mm, =8 Min PT on M, % May PT om M2 € Mz Min PT on My 2 aaa - Tob x | Mi tMtMs ay 6 TS A 26 B 22 22 c 24 23 D mm Mee ed Job] ay to | to | tr af c ° 13 1a (6 16 A Dd , 8 eTDometimes Cane ore “ Ng eondibfans @ Take M, &a [ole apply Tohnsons nde. ® Toke MytM, & apely Tohnsm rue @ Take MFM, +504 apply Tohnson's rule among 3 whichewer 1S bos} sequence. aay Ogee euler ee K yd Mat My as 2 Ad dat MST 20 Mg tMy ax 24 mle & det MST ¥ omic & My Od 24 ante & defy MST Z min ans ‘that fe the best ons &Ze, ZB B4xq. = 306 SAXS 1 4OXE AOXB = 320 = 882 2 Zerop-s Cy tea Xe es 1. Gia F fbxeee eee 3 AO Cys 26: 67° 1-2 €,= AO ' 40 5 2667 40 ry “Nn cay Canoe e On les Sd eet eal 2a, + Bx, ty = 30 Be aay? gail nay che Red Hy S12 Qe, tax, 5 8e te, + Ae, S36 ZO aS eee 6 Zeng IZ %a 70 Ky = 0 Rea 8 Slack, vaviable hata ons Basic verable having 0 value © Qvoplery Ete? Every proboa thal is ge called primal gual com be writhen Tf primal is minimization csTh there are leat thom ere to signs. bacome fen in That cual cdrstretrds of the dol she constroints ak on prima eet! ot obj ce peek of obj fen Th the primal TF there, ove So! prime] become dey gill beene “*m? variable & “in” constraints aR degenecabe, so” prob he very primal prb- duscl 1a mayimizatian cd vice verion vawiable & Son" consbain tn the dud Zz sy Avice very[ axsb, ~ | Qual: : : x7 o bs Zmin = bY sh ay & Bet ae ee | &. Ame = Pty st ety RT RAS B | Bx dey 228 etsy 220 | aoe . x,y Be Zoot 37 x4y<8 2K 37K - 2° 2 tBy 20 “Zmin = 8Q -20b +20¢ St Q-2bt2Z% 2 q-3bt36 2} “Yn fhis cose primal prob fs havigg a,b,c20 | 2 vowiables & 2 constraints Z- cust abso coil) have 2. vartable & 2 constrein But Yrsteod duel ts hang 3V & 2C this are Inconsistency & jnconsisteney ig fesalved by wig an antic variable. Wien 2eug variables art: writer: tn the form ¢-bem th the m vertable ell become uneesticted in stm Zanty = BO * LOE sp FID 2E Rem mhFel Ti PSO ee eee ne cea te 4 in sign Unrestriched should eee 5 wéstriched > Variable before — proceeding Furthar: & unrated —varable.cheuld be —sum0f 2 poe— tntegen 4 (eee (c-) aR Zag = SOX + Hors St. 2x, 4 3%, S3 Bx, FASS 2% ZO mAbs |? \ zy, SO \ eo -y, 2, oO CF 25) y pt 9, + Bw, ZO Bw, 710% 77 “Sit of primal se The shedes os | 2 i nk fen HI be to col efeey ee &% ore Tn aol? then w, Go, oll Lo 1 &% sy KB, ot KT —~ A pope eee Soe ' wm © Sy : t 51. coeff cy mast be charged to é a) co ort UNB INF Possible. _ Newer Newer Poss ibe Never Possible. . Never Possible Never Possible Possible @ Consider ihe LPP prob Po Zinap © HD st 32,42, SB % 70 i) The primal & prob. Phos 26, unvastricled ® Unbounded sol” ®_ Alternate optima in si © Inkeosible -— @ A unique optimal Wi) ‘Constaer the duel D of He primal prob. P , if duel 0, has 6 Unigie optimal ( Unbourded sol” © Alternate. optima. @ Tpfeosible so]*. Hi) Let cf be) the ~ coeff: of the objective fxn, for variable 2%) the value of, for which 2%, oA TI be fn the, optimum basic are. a Or icy 7, © ¢,7! Ou7%Oa7vy te => My, Re ? By. * 44 Sl 3 3 )® )@ , . it) TE slope of obj fen K slope oh Contrada eg 07 takin opttma] se fying then prob ave multiple ortZmin= 6a + 6b st Bat 2b yy . 2a +3676 Qa,bzo fg. Po RBC Zmax = 2% t SX. St >. +3, S40 ‘ Ba, + % S24 1h. Entercept 9g, oe 1 \ te ' < % + % S10 f 40” (49%) i _ | Ry te Re Rik 20 1 le \ | I : . Q. 87. P Q | i Tyme | | 2 | 2200 ; Rm. t Nee i _é - 1 [608 i rete eas } de) : kdl Primed — Dual. relationship 0 p ort UNB OPT Possible Newey, Pow il une | News ee ; Newer TNF | Never Possible @. Consider dhe Lep pred P i) The primal & probs Phos ® Unbounded sel” © ofeosible -— i) Consider the. cuof @ _Unigue optimal @ Tnfeosible sol”. Wii) Let cy be the coeft of the objective F the value of ¢, @ 7h O17! Xe basic are. > a, % a. < 8/, A S| @ i) pp slope of obj fen A slope oh Consteedad 2g" ga] tydy, thee prob have multiple 6 +. coeff ¢ mash bo changed to Gy a : a @ A unique D of the primal prob- Pp © Bnbounded sol? for which will be | Non PORES ontimal a INF Newer Never Possible. Possible Zenap © % 4G st 212% SB a0 2% uaresirieted in si @ Alteenate. optima optimal Lif dual © has @ -Alterngte. optima ‘en, for variable 7) in the optimum O4n7% Oar82 Loin 2 = 2%, t Bey een ‘ € Cose of Cnbounded sel” spare & unbounded optimal | sal he < the prsb- ‘ “vy ANS :@ ® @ € wok | 7 ere QR, te Sh yo Wk, Y 2 BR, 4 2a, 778 oat aad Frin = Dy, + By, £-I% a(4) oR 24, = 84, +I @ Q. Cénsider q Ler with 2 voriables 2 consirainks 5 obj fen Zoe = MTX The corner pts of Feostble. ‘regis are. A (o0) gler) (2,9) ol Me rr) VTP an adelitlenal constredat — %,t%2 RS “Bs added the I eptinal sel” is , © BI O Ye O Tee Tr @ So i Jt g, &y, be the dusision variable of the dual & vy &Ve \ be fhe slack, variables of the dual of fhe ghen cep ve thonthe | opt dual vertadles ore > nn cue 2 ences: Zor 0 Zaz 2 “Zeer 23 Aman, RE SY. St oe Ay S A000 45 62 ae 1 < ry < ($00 CoS <4 2000 loo y eeno Ro Ye . Zp = $$00 E Zrop As Dts not gives + ph cis the Ans : @) fg. 6 " sae @ Gre — pwvtand | ora f “oo4 | Soe (edict) > Greate i ‘ —_— Growth | ot 0-4 | 1000 (caleast) — ay Resources => lear thats mR ee cee Zmin = *47 BE O12 FOOAY 7.600 OI FO YZ JoveAustr 440000 > xe y => advertise. eden @ Zoe = 10000 % +000 sb Jooor +1Sooy < 20000 Rw ¥ y Zmin = 0:-6% +0 8y s-+ 20x + HOY Kr900 Box F807 Kzl200 ; : re _ 4 700 re eee Profit to 5 Zap = WOT Sy 8-t RY BSB00 oe. < S00 y < Yoo AxtY [000ww. e-Le-te Sarat 6 paeoll 64 a Ls [ae | Yoo 18° 20 ; i a ho | 120 | 50 Ye | hh 7 a | aa (46 > hxsor bx eee 4 4b xsot Y® 7,Z 70 i © | 40 ‘ xa) %4 Xe apy, + 25X, + OX tOMy + 10%, + SX¢ Z mmox = St OS® 1053 Re + XBL $000 25%, FOR, HAS 7608 Ons a, + 02%, FE S70 OAR. FOLK, HAs LS 8000 Mg Ma, Hy Hay Ary Me FCost af closure af plant = 70 x 800 | : je° - = S6e0g_ TT cost of orem A = 260x2 = Sd0/~ ~ en ered Bos 480xK7 .= Bol 0/- _ Tetl cost = gtdt 59510/- (8, i) 5 4 i 8 Ra) 3 (2 Cong Beguente - 1- 2- 3-4-6 4 6 Cu wil) come on 4th ploce. | if O40 QB Mica mle 6 mice Py g 4 I Pa to 4 ¢ Ps 4 lo g 35 | 35 36 [4 Aa ht |i 4 : | | t | | \ > SO Torn) 2 > (MST) pretous some D can hot replace: “8 & & T coer 32am Pert ¢ CEM kA Regram evabrahion rerstive j : Jecboutglec Tt is project planning tool Garten) pally Metleede. 7 PERT stands for Program Evaluation & Rano “Techripoe. vb Reranch pyojock) com 4 ritice] Pad Malod. (Mafabarane | pres ec PERT was developed for missile program cjhtch 1s 7& esearch projet , PM coos developed few company ashtch fs a enatortes on. projet PERT Cem @ fear’ is probabilistic dn nature |@) Deterministic tn nature. ® Uneertainity is associated otth|@ Cectoinity ts associated Peer wth Cem ® 3 time estimates ave used 49 PERT |@ Siegle Home catimafe & sed in Cem ® Perr is event orientpted @ com is _aatwity ovtented. @ Ae Languege of Pert € Pm: * Q=- Event Tt is a speetfie -mousinent fo fime . TE dloes nof consume any Hoe Fo ae Pe AcTvIty Tk consumes Hime of a TESOUTER = ko Dummy ACTIVITY Th doe not consume any me ox resource but it only used | Show He In erelabionship, existing among diff odtivities.SLY eTtOOrIs, Wes. t= oe 4.) Bet® Jwo everts One & only one: oatiuity” Can be shown | The atacting event fs celled hail ever event & eading euenl js cotled heod event. 0-0 Tall exext Head event ® 2) The leagth of the arrow OF Ee of arrow de not how. ary sigs Ficance. aa Ej ej © LET 1; Ti iz LST = LPT -:euratien Seite Ty Te = lst - est ‘ - ujy- Ty - 6 » (be) -Ty SS EE 2 Te ~ Head evert ime, slosk. -+ a {es - 8) tH “GD - (eye) ~ Ty Dnaependent flood = FF- TES = {e-e-tT] - (4-8) ees me) Anterference float = TF - FF 2 Heal] -emert stockPERT Preqiana By fecteit Gein . = optimistic Himes Tt ts the min time which require to __complete. tity | when every Tenure Go curaalabls Tm - Most likely tme. Tt ts the time taken on aug fo complete fhe activity Tp ~ Pessimestic Ame. fersrmeshe frome | Tt is the wot me reg! fo complete an actelty | ohen every ‘resource isnot _availeble, autibet § Y cs ~ ye Tr. Ye & f-——£$<—— —> Variance of the critical =! is Sum of the variances of activities lying © on the ovitical path ' 4 \ | [re of critical path (=) Sa) = [2m Dee i | Tf more than one path is oritical then whichever 1 [path is having hight or" vats fe consider fee cleberenining. the project completion me, a mine / + gen oneeleie” el" DT : ° ep We , st RM ef - Critical path time estimate Sep ~ Std dewiotion of the erifical path D = Ouired completion time Z - No- corresponding to normal distribution curve. Probability ef completion fs Sox Probability of completion 84137 + Probabilitysf completion 18.877]. a : Probabi ty of osmpletinn. 97.727. Probabili'ty of completion 2.287,“ ft dammiea from sane eum,An eerie | g S ! ' ae { 4 Fats D> Critical pat Dog pearin sented) 4 44 ZHRS = 10 AA 2HEAD *4q ay pet snr gilt2 <7 Byte <6Forward path Leo | Revit paren vere ee h - | Revecse pat a R re ee Oe | LET dur) (Est sauestion LPT-EFT os ees ae } Events Act-- Dur Esp 87 -ERT---LET---FR--EF- ~T-¢—tnt-the 4 6 5 8 2 | 1-2 A 4 0 0 4 | cS ° 4 3 7 4 3 @3 ! 2-3 6 4 5 6 7 } Oo oO j a-4y D4 4 4 8 8 Gy & Oo ° Cre ie eee| cea) 7 7 8 » y 0 0 8-5 F | 6 B 7 q 2 \ 0 1 4-6 G@ 3 8 8 1 i +. 0 0 5-6 H 2 8 ‘ll lo "| 1 { ° S] No- written on the top of fail event is the earlice stort time for thet aativity. No erttten on the bottom af the head aver} is fhe Hime for that activity. TE 30 \A ok t) Rloat ts —ve 2 Lack of ‘resources jafest fiersyon ath | Te 1-2 ' : iu pe ND 1-4 2 2 8 2-5 1 ' 1 oS * ‘ 4 4-6 5 5-6 6 ! Paths 7 : : [-3-8-6 e617 CP ae \ \ \=2-5-6 QUT ef0 i - ~ 1-4-6 Br 38 \ , a. 4 hrs \ 1 ' a 4 ‘sy y \ ro fr } r } \ : Vee \ (Variance) a Vig + Vag + V6 ' ¢ 1 4eh 4 2% = g (yeeky t : i See: J Ze), {a = 3. weeks :7o6¢ 7. Te Beep Sree Lenin (743y8 oo <2ew 2 Tes 'TW DzHW Sep SW zg. DOrTe . J4e7 _ ut Sep zZe-l p(z--1) = 1687/ STte=I7WY D= 22W &ep= 3% Sep ples ti) = 84.187 DPTesl? Pik Spek gz. Bile _ $812 5.323 et Tep B pre cicciaa 1 pre af completion. completion = 1> 663 = 87/ => for 99. probability cf completion O-Te op = Dn tI87 Cy, > 128 a D+ 20. By 291 eats — ZeAO 20 (Vor Jep = vor), + Vori) + (ved), ee | BM” : AcE Goer 2 4 444] 7 | | \ } L bea ra | | Ke \ \ | | 1 12 2 ‘ oe ce 1 l., { EST - 4 y> | 0 ‘ eT 4 | Zen CREEP AwProrone Gucrorine. srned2990.¢ Foor gq Max glen Tuppes Ns 160 then how to manage. { => for 51" & EP day we cannot de the project th By xeschetuling D from S*™ K€ gt to 9 4 the project can be managed. On any A max amount is permitted only tsof— then how $ y 904 P 1 ts the project js managed Activity O is reachedued from 5M go g to ipih ti & oP yea by 2 dogs A D comes under the oritleol pat While dang the Leveling estlly, domatimes the erica duration gets exterdod. F(t) at Shaded a probability . erat = x axh yy x RH 7 ye ae MOIZ > = AsJ = 88 LST for @ = 2 LPT - durefion = aB-I6 = 22 D = WW LPT durcHon = 34-5 = 4 fy. 80 42. ©) 4. © 7 @ nN 34. . x aS P DoE a SS Lb D4 Zimin = \s-Vp © { SF Nq- Ve #2 Shows GP. et poth Va- Np 23 (longest pot) VR = Ve.38 Vs -Va x6 Veg: Ups 20 Ye“ Va 34 2%. @ 87. © AAO OOSest =4 est =tFT- durahion. T.F Paths ADL AEGL AEH AE KM BEL 8H BKM CREEL ce} GF em ANS.. Ao eee yee + Q 3 soa oe stope)) ac A nol ee| ne pec | OS | eral (1-2) 3 150 \ a 2-3 | - - Act | Hows 2. 2-5 | = - 54 | 3° = “ 40 1 ae 28p D Paths | | 45" oreshing | 2° stage crashing ae \es4e | @ece | on " 4 12.4 6 u u "° j 1as6 | lo No to i The Fongeat poth MS 12346 which has duration of 13 weeku-. Total cost is give by “Total cout = Nermel cost + Lndiredt cost. = 448 4 [8xl00 = 2248/. By employing more resource exe can reduced the Hime Auvall 4 i i J 2“The ‘possibilitia for crashing are. . Note Se orchid coy ecuttyccly 180 [eocek_ go oral 2 3 weeks — -—— 30/week_ 4-6 => 1 week — H0 [week 4 which | Among all the “option the Teast cost option is = canbe crashed by S weeks af % cost of 30 Jweek, But the oiffrenc, bet the longest poth & the next longe path ts 2 weeks hence Coext longat path should net wataln the activity taken up for croshieg) So crath 3-44 forsu by 2werkt at a cost of 80) eve (To), = Po + ce -re 2248 + 2x30 - 2X100 eee og = Nee 2 paths are. oritica) ie. 1-2-3-4-6 & 1-2-46 if further reduetion fs to be cone path 4 should be. redw by Lweek & , path 2 by 1 wok & prejech reduce! by 1 week. 7 “The possibility for crashing too, 0 1 Week 160 — week 7 ee Ao [week 3-4 o>} week. 80/ wel. 2-4 { > wre. of ee “nl Among the’ & options the leat cost option is 4-8 | buck Yj ot a cote eh A40fmedk . .. 4-2 ts Seleete)5 The. dittrenee og, INS lenge par Peer a) get is also | ueek So crash 4-6 by Lweek of a | @ > tos} Ao of J wok, | s > 24 stage, creshiey: Pe Ve (Te), po 4 cc - 5c 4 . = 2105 + IXHO - | x100 i . Vin cost question ¢ Now al! the paths are oritical if further reduetion to be cons al the path vedueed by duration by 1, weale, Then project will reduced by | week, Possibilities of crashing Y-2 >» | web tso]- Sr4 ; 2-4 ( Pei lice nee res/— 5-6 rp Crosh cost 7 jndirect cost per week per week | then total cost Oil TYG preyet duration reduces. [te Cwash cost Tndveed cast } per then total cost yemoing Same but praject duration rechuat lo grash cost jndireet cost ‘ | per week per week | ; . | then total cont oil We projet durdian rabin 4 EE | the | question asked eee cee is min cost. schedule we cj stop the. crashing here as the cost - | From now onwards . j TP the question asics fe ntn cost» schedule are an not bother aboul the cost & we continue the ocrashir EP NI the time becomes min. Crash 2-4, 8-4 & SE at a cast of 105 :/meok 34 stage croshing, => (9-4 exhousted ) (Te), » PC FEC De ee 2OoK4s. 1 XLOS - LX 100 = 2050/- “The possibilities of crashing are, ee Crosh 1-2 by 1 week af a cost of 180 /ueek Poths ath stege oreuhiag reaqe| 8 Lone 8 1386 . r 7 ~-e¢ \Tclg = POE E = 2050 + | xIfSo — $xtoo = gyoo/_ As one of the ce ts completely saurated’ further reduck time. duration te not possible,By crashing cutivily by 1 mot Oey as ene = SyoS $2. Possibility : Aopen cole F > ' oa ~~ 1380/4, . E&o = \ doy > 2otho = 60/- @) : Paths | | “a2-A4-8-7- 26 26 \-2-3-s-72] @per 20 1-2-3-6- as 28 Posibilibve ‘k t-2 > 4 day = > 2s0/- 2-3. > 2 dape S00) sexy as 2A day 506, / clay a 72 daw B00] dayslope erath 3-8 by 2 days Det the toot Possibilitres V2 8-7 7-% oat 2-3 Siz ae AA OH Ey rs. v Crash ost = 2XSO = tof. Ff eroshing by mere days 1 dey 200 D clays 300] oloy 2 doys avo [dey 1 dow 650 [olay «Nay . 200 [acy < \ doy 4650)- \ doy . 200 /- é Cot rf oroshing Tt 4 1 more doy is 200]- Pg. 72 16, AB oD eF 3 wokieity yh te A ef ia next long eat poth is only 2 days only ewith Abe cost of 50] dey & iV ‘can "be crathed” by “AS day's” bidts “the. “cli ffrends’, bot” leget path & 2 Ee AO AO I y> AXT + XS ay > 8x7 TW > AXP 4 Belo = Oo *) ree Te _gtlVar) ep = Ss ao Tate ee Sop * c cal a + - Map 7 Tesoure So uni untis > (68a ~— = F6 units 5B anits o- Lp Lo-Lo to iS ay Oe Sor (3) Projet — Profit Pi 1 1s7 of a to). o6 3 wy oF 4 wy ot > 3 wicons 2" Kee Kea tise = Verlag l [ies 2K ive Pid 4k92 doys . .. 2600. esdeyt = 9960 ~. Range of oS fotal aired cost 34. q Je ln jee 6B, eye a Kayaya Raewrk ele [to lio! 17 weg » Man . Lruouree reg g at tn 1S @ let oreck :® a2 O iE 3) ye2e4 - PET @RO. i 3&eo - cpm : | Maw resouree Load req ' is 20 | 80. @ . (2a, A-2 BA C3 OL SO a | d | 2e a BS a 3 wv a 3 \ 4 >Te = ©. StEtBO = RO big (Cafe OEjhere. amt. eel fe jobs & several mic & esth job con bn lone on each wel bat the prececiny Hires ove aiffhed , th catt is diffred © Op on diffrent then eshich job te fo be toodaf Ff 4g a assumed, 7 ‘on which omic is. a desision to be mode. Suh a probs +, fe is called an asslgnmend prob. fr. Above prob. can be solved at gq tronspsrtation prob. r tan be solved od L.P prb or can be solved by the Ha Hungarian Methed - f An assignment prob. when it js solved as ‘trans portation}* prob. it is aleoays — degenerade, bacamse nor Rai allocations ie ; vw . om smaller A REC 4 BE lan-1) &) | When an assighment prob ts- formulated os a LP pmb. | for ag nxn matrix we have n* variables and 20 | | . | constraint . eqhations . : [ose e ot | TF the prob fs a — cost matrix jen tok Inet Picienty matrix it cis to be minimized. Tf itis ; ja profit mabye , sales mahi or efficiency matrie tts | bho be maximized (a time matrix or '4 i Procedure by husgarian method i i a square matyin 2 : Fis not a sqran, - mabyy convert fh fo 4 :po Sy A ou = 4. Row fransaction +’ Consider the least element in the row, Oedaet the leat element from all the elements in that row & wrife the new Tow. Repeat the process for the remaining rows | 5 Column tronsgasten « i On the rewrite matrix consider the least element din a column. Dedust the least element from al! The eleman in that column. Ylrite the nes column. Repeat the above process for the remaining — columns. 6. Try fo cover all the zeros io the matrix by dour “wl min no: of “horizontal “or vertical lines: 7 TE the no: of liner drown are egucl fo the no of ree then the sel” is optimal © Wherever there ‘iso in fhe matrix an aasignment can ho mode such thof only one job ts alloted to one mie TE the no of [nee drown are fea than the no. oft then the sel” Ps subeptimal. ie Tr cose ot sub optimality the Following sheps are porte * 1@ concider the elements sot covered by lines. ® Seluat the least dened ® Oedus the leash deme} from alll uncovered element @ Ade ee © fA junction is formed — by the infersesion of a horizontal Tine or a, vertteal Ine |© ot he covered elements in the matty remain unchaage toe ahow. Pre Hil aol? cofeined te optimaleae converted foo. oe inimization’ Case © bolere” proceeding Further & this can be dene by omy one. of the. Say ay Following methods : do Provide Q ve sign to. ott the elements fn the matriz & then proceed ass minimiection 2. Consider the largest element in the entire matrix , deduct olf the clement Fin the matiy from the \ Jargest | clement & then proceed as minimization, | : | Empossible assignments: epee Oe | | Th a partcwar Job con net be dene on | Q portical or mie it is called an impossible casigonet for that job mic cmbination an co sige is provided combination. i } such that an allocatim ig never he, ea for thot | | M : | od: J ' a2 | Me | ‘ ° { 6 Ss & | Aim DL By. Transportation . (2 i A |X | & | Ts] 3 8 [%e | & Bosmead |. PZ min = E)Fa a Gy coy) apeses St. Coreen ace a Xan t Xap 2} Rin + Xe ct in 4 hig 2 Rin Xan Me Xp Bo for nxn matiy => no- of allocetion possibility e(n-t | Py. 60 ’ en eS oF Tepates(laty RR RR Re | eo 6. lo re aP@ yo» 4 6 “tet “a : 18 24 18 ° é, . a ete ¢ ites) Ch os ro Cay Cr _ Tn the uncovered element min element is 1 2 sj Godt J from all uncovered element & .add 4 to {unctiory i Fac noel [inu -< no. f'roas a gel” tt suboptinsd/ i| Cy > Re i Ce we Ry lg z | Cg Wotraator does et get any eb allotment i . 4 corporadion hes te oak for extra grant of wedth 4 lake complete the projet Gieer probs is cf may Tai neni zation the matrin fo convert it intel” iding ve SI97 t fo all elements folDN TE DID Oy ep > Bo DB. ge. ~ aa ) to 4 ° 4 ; BB, . x == Delhi “HQ Lot matrix tor woe to, | Bah fig |e eeeee een ; a2 [22 23 2S 17.5 18S 24 | cal: HQ } ;20° #19 13.8 Ota il aati 2 (2 |26.5 26:5 2 woth At _—————— ‘ i Combined min Loy-Out Time matrix with HQ information a Ginn pdt : oo OV fo cane 7 "Trainin zeh g ofp eading ~ tffo all le : TH the. matt! ( {2 1 L 8 ss is | 7103 2 Delhi 70" 2 l02 2 Col eta! te wR Te Loy PAS.yey se “ pRB he a Spietial Pick of | . ' | soo 4 2S eS el = an - eS ae eee > Rmin 6. MaximizaHon prob- est ee eS for litees of peel = ZU > sa 86 * is A>?PO = * fine 7 = = $8 B28 - = I8xK6 = 78 ce R = IBKBS =a7 e ae Seer ne ee as 245 Wwe ‘ 26 20 18 \ + 20 te (2 | auenes $ ee sori = at ay es = : paximize (sales) q, Profit = Sales revenus - Prod: cost Profit matrix => morimise. Ays is) be masimise, = ANS & X . PERST A212 28) os Solve the prob agein with @ batsman & S position ih ae ee maximization ce th po iF Ts the bet sol” & whicheser bosteenan alloted fo damn position oslll be out ct the team oF js best ang & U wil not be considanret,Set E qo Sun 105. By 38 ce & 72. 138 (0 { in cosh + panier Voie” Profit = ¢(sP- pe - 0-¢} es Cn a = 800 (So - 20-12) = 144400 BPPh = 1800 (S0- 78 - ‘é) = 6000 C7, 400(70~ 80-12) = 11200 po BRS mab De dumey-prnduct: S04 308 oe 4 2 . 2 3 8 4 3 bs 3 oo Minimize. as Jower oo: should be aikotes Cuter Dummy Fy Strole o . Oo 80 oO 72 ° 7 ° E ' Bo 7 bE 70 ° | : Cre of The Sultioross is alee te honminy 5 Ge A hs exe,=) Ob no tUle SUNCU VET Y Aohedeling Rules: : PCRS. (first Come test eee e Whichagfob comes first will senee fet) _ LFS (Lest tome ¢ SPT ( shortest Processing “Time ) Tob which boving DAaAnmaaeaei * | £ \ Let. (Longest Processing Time) 3. E00 ( Earliest Due Date) Tob howling earlier due dale thet Gab ts Scheduled ce om Static shook. Stati b ss = Bred delivery ~ oral date) = Proctg_ fire Dynamic ‘ek . . A “This is for intevmediode - revteo (pase promised - Today's date ) - Remaiieg PT. Whichever job. is hosing [eas dynamic slack that he ie \ sebedubed fash Ms DS. pynomte slack’ far remalniy oper" ) RO a Ree ee i eae etc ee of yemainieg ope colyMaynowie slo & a ag fo amive at DS ROi‘ ‘ “a ——— “(Waiting time), = Wy => | Completion fee) . ry oy. a (aieay sey D; Gasdiness) te 3 Tawdy job [Lazy jeb —~—~ lateness = Nene S On Schedule “ee DS Earl ness. vest scheduling rules are OFcrs @ser @ coo SET let eat, va i) Tt minimises mean flow Hme no. of jobs delivered Sky tardy (lazy) avg in process fnventory. ye ame) ti), Tr is aq variation rule cf SPT , fo every Job onetl te given bosed on tnpertance cf customer & " TH if 6 Corcatoted fer every job & feb heats Woz ts scheduled firab oe Weighteg Mean flow Hime EDD aoe, wore Joly, delivered cate Whichever job fe having earilest due date that fc is scheduled fink, EDD mininizes mean forlyneas but deliver mene Jobs tend: than SpyEee — For every ery job ARE “critical rato: “is coleuloted , - e.45 Ciitical ratio = (ous » oromiged - Ted ® » process Hime & @ ap. critical mHo = 2 , the job fs ™m schedule. ‘ mee OP, aw ahead of schedule ‘ . eae ec bahind f sched. leas critica] retio that job & tee 3 OF cape Whichever job fs having scheduled Firth In ohens TP Jobs are ao capesly it fs oa Finite loading heohnique TE jobs are fooded on mic prfove Keep ity copoly vuiew , ik is called oa Tofinite. loading teehee on a GantT Chorkt ore used for scheduling perpase, Sine taleae is ere, ae hts Less iofe cor. To (gy| cow | org | oR? PTR | 203 Pige f 88 (40-178) 75 a3 os lee 2 | 098-18) = 15 Abeod. of schedule. Po Lape [19 |AIM ho = eK Vo fi fa [lense « 27 F es J. & | coe 7 \ ees IYfg a 16 Ff 7 fas | her "Oe = Oa a ee eae ape lie) eee! + on schedule. i FCG B EDA Here mintzation. of Mean fle time 2, SPT “recaomendod: b a Ci-D} en ee : fe; & 7h testy ie APTS Fated del -7 cst = ST X6O = 34 20/- 1 bbe om athadale ~ ‘ 5 712 Tardy Meen, dordlyne ee 24 a} dome cee awe wn Gx) Gx (sx) pees , 2 2 21 -14 : z 4 se -\t e ’}3a |7 17 cts a 4 tay fu ft a é | fis fet | -49 & 14 f24 1s q+ Tondy ~— ol sc=63 B(G-Di)= Iq y : Mean Flee time = eS = 3 2105 mat. Gh sa AIP. inventory = 6X2+ Sx2-$ Ang + 3xyY + 2A Pas « BEDE AHFATY + = 2 6b. Jobs EG a 44 mer 240. 16.5 Mean derdyras © & | e & — {ci -pi)- 6 6xGt SEY ARO BRB ORR 1) CH fog Inproceas Tneerdoyy =» 41, Mest popular sequencing rules ove | RGRS., SRT Wh E00 By FORS Tob | Fi cy pif Gi-pF 1 i " 6 -oo 9 0 ce 2 | 24 ao | AS ) 3 73) a7 31 8 40 4 ' Ue 33 34 Tardy S72 1 74 | 32 Gj = 268 Ci-PID = 124 dope ea MFT = on 53-6 tig t = 24,2 Cast 03 per, marketing manager = Gx l000 = Beoo/ ot. produdien 2. 0 aon iar 2 Boas/- By SPT Tob i Cy 0; Cy -0F 4 1 | 83 32 Sale = a 74 oly : \ u 4 6\ ~ AT | 2 | 2 43 as 72 : 3) 4S — Tardy Sf $l | 74 jo Ecj= 136 SCj-di AAS i MPT = = Ma = = 8.6 i a Cosh oper — marleating manogee =» 1000x | = joooh Producten = do K 4S = 107S/_Gi pi |e or) {ee e at 3\ - e 33 BD \ € 34 33 1 . 4 e. 63 4c 18 la € 14 6) 13 a Sqj 3 -2 24 30 underlocdéhs querloded . whercos all othess areAe mtg X Thdex method ah loading ot MOBS oF Wee Let us outumed Frere axe. estan job & eo. sob ea pectermed on Peet ores] on ah WC. then ; INdex method of loading 1S Used. Procedure. « = Ust the pT of all the sobs on iffrerdt uke ~ Select og job least pop of thet job. rent WoC by the sdet a ~Qletde the p.T of tif: to amive ad the index ~ Repeat the process Seleel a job, least - process Tor remaining jobs. sdeck a hess Indew / rp Capacity avail on that Wie. Load the Jeb on it or else concider the vor bert tnder & repeat the -process HI] the Job ts lood ect. ~ Repeat above “procese for remaining Jol to arrive gf load jell Roca loc wer | 100 [is 2c wer | = Psd soe wes fled 400 weil aosree 4 ‘« wc a 10 VV \2 13 14) Ei 40 an 20 20 20 3° £ __ aan al ~ ., so é “Sy se yoo : Ae _ 1 €8) 2 € awaileble 2 2 . Overl saded : pork AF O*s Or7 + On > 4 for B D> e+ @t ge Give Q rer Oa & « fee 2 + O.t 7 + Bt 10 +Qr sr Or = Sh : Bt) 2 (0100 i 2 = forE 2 ep wr ara re rere” 2 Pe pont 08 980 Let at 2 8% . 74 ; tegett ce 8 AO igearrmeirernesoreee VY Mederial Kepivement. Planing G Ne _ 2 Gross { shonin f Reguiremert ~ | requirement [ ~ inventerny fy 40 4. Product structure. tree, inv 7 Fin ordey © Jewel ei) fs “gee axixioc II #te> . Ixtxyoe S¥Im 190 1 nal T2] © ag jaeenere yan xtee 2X Into 2 x1 109 Blew is (re) (Bact) finan Iyartoo = eyo teaxtoo- trae [2xatior— ange, wo) =160 | =1608 im 7 3 oo Woxamoo—: i = S20 = 270 $51 IX2xKo Koo - \yoxye -s0a Gross requiremed © 2X1 K1D0 + 447%27 100 = 2o0l., soe ee P 2600-AX3¥SD = 2000/_ iB. Net requirement = Gross Tro e Te OnE eae = 30 - ( 2+) = 8 . ast ( 22.40) +223 . WG 2 aso - (ete) = 25 (als (4 Arye 1Xae — 10 slo Bry « 1K20- S 215 Cyst = 1X10 — [Oe IO = 0 22 - - = 10 le eee iad Cla nae naeee8 a ~ @qs 7 8 to] so. 10 so | 18 16 18 > > = lo |-lo | Se | 80 | 40 | 200 — 30 AO |290 so] $9 | SO) ~-..f 7 ~ he . 200 28 100 290 | leo ao} 20 | — - fe 20 loo | et] So | S05} 1S0 P 1 | 80 |} 180 ep 1s ~ - 16 | 80 | Iso r i . Order can be advanced by 1 week ie., Instead of oldie iN 6,74 B we shold celine In 5,649 i i Iaeeoe Bee Megs vey : ea 1a, Bee Ten It -Beaivies 05. plaontng peviad 2 thAPlrmed, =p As gap is of Terk +. order can be advanced by 1 week B.) 200 anti in7 BPP oseek, : ae | = + O°: : ‘ 2 w i } i | gyder of a0 crit should be veheased a" eel |LL © level 1 level 1 level, t 2 jewel : 2. bevel 2 level i 3 leval t 3 level i 3 lene} 3 led Bracke} 2-100 Bose A-to spring e-n Clamp C-20 Howing ~ Oo 2 clamping C-20 Hand} 2 €-30 bry F-3| Shaft G@ 32 Handle. €-3oNp Rye On hand a "Schedule | project vs (% “" We {on}, z ‘rece| pt ~ -pegutiremend- inventory 0g. 914 aX, . —~ Order gy = 200 a _ LT, = 3001] 1 z {3 g Prejay vey [40 ae | 1 “hi70 Renipts 200 200 200 OHE [isc | PoR 0.Q = 60 (Sian 6 | 4 7 Safety ste = ie | meal eee eee Pj Repl x 20 | § 9 | © 6 Rusipts o Go 60 bn hand of ed [se 30 eo | 40180 | 25 | 65 {86 et peed 1 60 66 | 60 _ Plena aunts a ie —— mee plansing efor produit shnuture free Projeted rey" oF Planstorder release approprtale. First ftaditome — of OL evel items * vy Projected vequivenent Plont order release “ apprpriate. ef a! Janel iene ~ of 0 Jeep item Hy eeea Plooning “& tonto onto ‘Predation by _ integration ; Here several items joined togethor to make the Final produed ey Car, fable, chair. Prmduction by disintegration... oe woe preducl ts sere £9 Therma): oradelag of crude petrol. Bed tote Sewmal Ss Predustion by _ servic. + Ain this physical feature ale nob underga any cher bat prpertion chaye- a Seu vice. a= a eleprwre Produdion ere Continuous Oistor sttieot), ee ee us Flow ib Ah i : pee Af ficolE paso Bio. i Majedal estimation Time, estimation 5 Manatee dF mhg Figs & feture, poweee uses Gate evens es Gow _ Loading <= Assigning abs to mle i Routing -+ Flow of produtt from m/c to mie 5S Scheduling 2 Giving a time frame, for the completion of i \ - = Dispakhing > Release of orders for commencemert of production fo LE Tnspeution » Quality contre] & unter As prbchtng > vneditian 7 Prnaveet checkionTn Wis We pil We tompaweng Plame leagpers ween munrersa ys A the ausistnent is made on ew to owrlerade.’ behind scheduled fobs | & hew to decelerate advanced job go thod daxgais con be mets Evaluation -> Pa budgeted valu are compared fo actual , variance. anelysis is clone & report fs clune,- Pg. He er) worl. forte, level Labour cost = N44 xtoos = Lt4zo00f-t \lariable cat = ees Plans 2 wef ott] proof otic eel] a ee man ek ther mdatha bint Labour cost = (20Ktoosd = 1120, 000 reps ts ae 20008 1, 26,480 f nd js bet os the cord is lest Variable cosh = Amang two plans € €. €riofomfepa® vai lable. | Garry) — 600. : 52] lara a sw (eb 34 . \ 175, EF Gif 300" be _ Tt Ges be Regular Zor 700 . 2 na too Le 10 vt 300 oo 4 gee. a i Ragelos feu Js00 4 4] or [ 200 soo ee B90 - 2 : Foo 800 Cost of produetion = aa[.is 440d § 660'r Too F800] i +30 Pion £125 + 100 + 2 al L °] * go +35 [2004 78 + aso | 4+ 32x00 me = 419,495 - -& * or (6) Beg inv co a fxd tov 0 7 Prag = 18 ie eee eS "she Tee « to [ust a - SC = (00/- | Shortages not permitted.1 Month, Demand Ice SAN, FEBS, MAR) APR, .may 190, Prod raw Tee Fra | Inv Yree Prod tov Ice af onteria feesible. e e e ¢. pa aN srrarmvcsmenepoermemeneeA 2 egeeny” ch ped. ef om item in veguloy time ave toe, foe . A, \, Bo K in ovetime ave 2y, 20 K 40. Demand over | thase. 3 months are 90, 130 £1O, The cost af produstion in reulor jlme & overtione ane Racup. U- 20f item LK Rey Jitan . Tee ve 21- perttem ] per month , The levels 7 et) & final Inventories ace NIL: Back or dertay Ww wok, Pee ae Min level of cot level of pled prod. in vesting th 3") mos & @. 40 (B- 30 6-2 £@- Pedod 1 | Peed 2) Period 3 copoly a XT \ qo to ad et te. on Ge gf Tea] a i bal Gs} a go Ue) . 88 i 39 4 lo = | 4o 130 10 Lene! of plonmed prod: in 8 overtime dn o%4 period is Ge BB. 34, stl Ce] | cals soe fe fs] IK Week, | 2. 3 4 Ss Demands juve loos 1008 1000 fouo ped + 2220 20L0 peoo 2220 2209MRE = MAD = + MSE = mare - Sloe) jst —____——_ #100 Dr Quastitative methed » ate ee Moving ony malted: Th thi Oey month dota epee wagege tr ghee fle of moty 7 peced 2 fo 20 . T.. [08 7 ae MOU Gg peviods ace = generally ye F 10 » m Jiro B- Lyf : ™“ ao No s Bo 108-3 a ee Weighted” moved ug cases | | Th this to every ‘ 0 is gloon = widi wma = fe! D : 2 Wi Wi Oy ae 5 bo 1#BO $.2K40 K3¥7O ei = ———_—_ 3 qo 14243 po 2 aie, month dala a wrekie Sor ott | |sly pee &x ponential smoot hii ; joc 8 Onepual cei is gio IS evexy vont ditzy." i Ho} hing s perf o> 9m oh moving ang peried = eat), uP DDS ee 07 fas? DHE De he 3 D>Xs 05 eae neq a hn 02 deste, fe band . ne 14 > Kaos fe pores Period G-D 4 ee a As nt x | wen 1 bax2-—-@O O@ cre nNowal Eos Selsity abe To gth a & band deuslope he. aon @ @.8 regreacloney® Uping thts € (eas Kou Can forecast p SF me, y- ackual value Yer Gm per fesecast Sn Wor SD af dates we Rom degeeen of Peden see OY toe te Hibulia. caves z= no departs on) naval = 4 be 347. 2 = 98-45 1 emnfidance jevel a Ce-vedation aseff: -r ginet indication ot ty pe ot cotarelebinr | exist bet? &y . i : TH 4 ts hish > goed fevecast | y Ye | unepplahed =) 2xplained variati | iat Soe ya vialton { (% ie i a | . Y= 9 = Total vortation beete Sia Ng bl ae ° Total wanietion = 2{7 7. - i ra a aly ae | EV. ~ bh ye [ay de =] " [Sx ae ao g ae Ye-¥ ‘ x [ee F)* 7 -rT>0 & i © Tracking signal: is Th ig the algebr’c sum of errors over n period oti bY mean absolute. .gleriah . TE TS > 4 DS Comestion req! oR D> No coresha— sscomamnemanotn nenetnnaenaeit sn ot Seasonised forecasts or = (5:2) «(Fed torosast) iGeese tet, Je BES oF a oe ao Nt} € Cs O6F . ' x Year 7 : @ \ Hoo atbe | 2 So natbex-@ 3 626 4 650 = Geet bx? 5 750 = gay 4 bs x22) 6 775 Zea [ete 3e00"| | 418 s 1 Her . ae 4 [aetqy | tere 8 pop=bat Ga + 21b-=. 8800 . From @ 4 2) a + Segtecob = 14488 Ye NOR-33 F 64-24% Vy = 8SB.36 “ Ye = genes ~ A Vet i j ae a : For met Yer A726) 1-98 iano” bo, Hed Ye = 836-84 178] Gee) 8 Ye = 60177 B16 -86> (tolt.r— brs) ney Yet 668.4€ 282. 7 oGorye «Sh wee = 72448 Reece he 2 TMA! 8603 ge 22a(B > Commalatise vision Leap: koe oe ee mao = PZ 70 \Ou caning % Gunman dlewiation piel MAD aoe Sha y lon bs “ee . 9. 39. zB Ne Coewepbst ps ePoniticant: 1 © oe - are 6. © ee 6. SPMA = 100-33 : 0S as 3 PMA: 100 tapaeye Ss & aos 10 it Pesiog | F D | (o;-Fi)7 a p00 fg 2 eee IS [87.3 | 100 (6 43-75] 100 | : Pig Bo Pupt X (Be Fra)’ “ : Fe - 7840.6 (100- 75.) i = 87.5 Fe = Fir t <( Pr - Fis) + 87-5 t0.8 (100-87.8) i = 43-78 : Di-Fi)™ ro j : 1 | : 2 7 : 4 | t 1 eo Weta wepois et eee ae jot a - Sit ee ee Comansye eure 4. ewmirn a 1) meena: suymare: ee¥he | & & mean abs” J error’ for the’ Following “data. ‘st . ' é° ext € ; é 1 Fl di | P| @i-f) | 14i-F) Keene 2) | Berk a « 1 velar | -é % “36 €- 2 os 6 36 7 © 3 2% atid 25 6 ear} =14 Hai) mile = “eq a . . Made "% MSE = 2 mare > 84 _ 29.667 6.33 = 40-33 3 Pg. 74 a 32. @ . ae £, (2) 9 Lge novef moving agg pected

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