EUROPEAN ORGANIZATION FOR NUCLEAR RESEARCH Internal note V February 1972 Not for publication UPPER LIMITS FOR HEAVY PARTICLE PRODUCTION AT THE CERN-1SR A. Bertin, P. Capiluppi, A. Cristallini, M. D'Agostino-Bruno, R.J. ELlis™), 6, Giaconelli, C. Maroni, F. Mercatali™, A.M, Rossi and G. Vannini Istituto di Fisica dell'Universita di Bologna, Italy Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare ~ Sezione di Bologna, Italy A. Bussidre CERN, Geneva, Switzerland C.E.N., Saclay, France +) Royal Society European Exchange Fellow. #8) Istituto Tecnico Aeronautico, Forli.In a recent letter we discussed the preliminary experimental results for charged particle production in inclusive reactions of the type p +p +x" + anything at ISR energies’. During the course of those mea~ surements we also obtained crude upper limits for the inclusive production of heavy charged particles with masses in the range 1 to 10 GeV and with electric charges equal to or greater than 2/3 e. ‘These limits are shown in the present note. Figure 1 shows the experimental layout. The equipment consisted of three bending magnets B,-B,, six scintillation counters 5,~S, and two gas threshold Gerenkov counters C,, Cz. Data were taken in the angular range of 80-200 mrad and in the momentum range of 1.5-8 GeV/c. Figure 2 shows the block diagram of the electronics. A pion was identified by the coincidence 7 = SC,, where was the sixfold coincidence 5 = (5,5,8,) (S4S55_) and C, was the signal from the first threshold Gerenkov counter set at a pressure slightly above the pion knee. Similarly, kaons and antiprotons were defined as K = S¢,C, and § = S0,0,. C, was set above the kaon knee. The randoms in § were monitored by the delayed coin- cidence 8D = (5,253) (S,55Se)getayea" For each particle the time-of-flight between S, and Sg was recorded using the schene shown in the bottom part of Fig. 2. The two counters S, and S, were each viewed by two Philips S6DVP photomultipliers, placed in the horizontal plane on opposite sides of the scintillators. This was necessary for S,, since it was quite large, (i.e. 20 cm high and 55 cm wide). The time-of-flight between the two "left" Phototubes (called S,, and S,, in Fig. 2) was measured using CERN-NIM fast discriminators and a time-to-amplitude converter (TACL). The sane procedure was used for the S., and S,_ "right" phototubes. The output pulses of the left and right time-to-amplitude converters were added and sent to @ 512-channel Laben pulse-height analyser, which was triggered by the $ coincidence. The analyser was used in the 2 x 256 channel mode, using the 7 = SC, signal to switch counts into one of the two 256-channel subsets.-2- Figure 3 shows two typical time-of-flight spectra, one for positive particles and the other for negative ones. For the positive particle run shown in Fig. 3, a channel width of about 1.2 nsec was used, whereas for the negative run the width was 0.5 nsec. The upper graphs of Fig. 3 show the content of the first 256 channels where pions are counted (faster particles should be to their left). The bottom graphs should instead show kaons and, to their right, heavier particles. The intrinsic time~ of-flight resolution was 0.8 nsec FWHM. This allowed a separation of protons (or antiprotons) from K and for momenta smaller than or equal to 4 GeV/c (at 4 GeV/c the time-of-flight difference of protons from pions kaons, protons and anti- Protons, Also some deuteron candidates are seen: it is likely that they was 3.0 nsec). In Fig. 3 one observes pion: do not come from beam-beam but from beam-gas interactions. No other particles were observed in those runs which were selected for the absence of any randoms in SD, The total selected data refer to about 15,000 pions. Figure 4 shows @ rough estimate of the 2-standard deviation upper Limit we can place for the production of charged particles produced at intermediaté angles at ISR energi be The Limit ve give in Fig. 4 varies sn 10°? and 10°" of the pion production cro jection, and is valid for stable particles with charge one and mass in the 1 to 10 GeV range. ‘The upper limit on the mass ar s from the lengths of the clipping cables in the shaping circuits, which were not optimized for the production of The 91 particles with very large mas ectrometer actually measures the ratio e/m of each charged particle and is sensitive to charges > 2/3 e. ‘Thus for particles with charge different from one the mass scale of Fig. 4 has to be changed accordingly. REFERENCES 1) A. Bertin, P. Capiluppi, A. Cristallini, M. D'Agostino-Brumo, R.J. Ellis, G. Giacomelli, C. Maroni, F. Mercatali, A.M. Rossi and G. Vannini, Phys, Letters 38 B, 260 (1972).Figure captions Fig. 1 Fig. 2 Fig. 3 Fig. 4 Layout of the experiment: B,-B, are bending magnets, 5,-S, scintillation counters, C;, Cz gas threshold Cerenkov counters. The time-of-flight was measured between the counters S, and Sg (L= 33.8 m). Also indicated are the monitor counters @h, ¥). Block diagram of the electronics. The bottom part refers to the time-of-flight measuring equipment. Typical time-of-flight distributions. One channel width corresponded to 1.2 nsec for the positive data and to 0.5 nsec for the negative dat: ‘The 2-standard deviation upper Limit for the production of heavy particles with respect to pion production. The mass scale is given for heavy particles with unit charge.70 METERS, 5 Fig. 1TORHA, LOGIC ADRESS - SC,-LOGIC ADRESS Syp—> 0) —" ; TACR. |S TRIGGER ae p> : SUM Fig. 2002 009 1 1 (n29) SSVW . oreo oF Oe. Oe Or a 1 siavhyno Zio! og__09 oz Tt T T » L ool r j00Z jOOE qd “asus'o Yasuz'y +t + t t + +—++ y loos Yao o'e=d Yag s'z=d loool r uw “Yrasus'o Wasu zt * VANNVHO Y3d SLNSAS10 oo oe or oe -4 10 10 ° me (SS¥W AAW3H) 0 ~4 10 MASS (GeV) Fig. 4