To Analyse the Given Salt for Acidic and Basic Radicals To analyse the given salt for acidic and basic radicals. 1. Physical examination : (@)Noted the colour of the given salt. () Noted the smell of the salt. 2, Dry heating test Heated a pinch of the salt in a dry test tube and noted the fol- lowing observations : (a) Gas evolved (6) Sublimation (c) Decrepitation (d) Fusion (e) Colour of the residue 3. Charcoal cavity test Mixed a pinch of the salt with double the quantity of Na,CO, and heated the mixture on a char- coal cavity in the reducing flame. 4. Cobalt nitrate test To the above white residue added a drop of cobalt nitrate so- lution. Heated it in oxidising flame. 5. Flame test Prepared a paste of the salt with cone. HCI and performed flame test. 6. Borax bead test Did not perform this test since the given salt was white. 7. Dil. sulphuric acid test Treated a pinch of the salt with dil. H,SO, and warmed. 8. KMnO, test To a pinch of the salt added dil. H,SO, warm and then a drop of KMnO, solution. 9, Cone. sulphuric acid test Heated a pinch of the salt with cone, sulphuric acid and added to it a paper pellet. 10. Confirmatory test for nitrate (a) Copper chips test. Heated a pinch of the salt with conc. sulphuric acid and a few copper chips. (b) Ring test. To 2-3 ml of the salt solution, added freshly pre- pared FeSO, solution. Now added cone. sulphuric acid along the sides of the test tube. 11. Heated a pinch of salt with cone. NaOH solution 12. Preparation of Original Solution (0.8.) Shook a pinch of the salt with water. 13. To apart of the 0.8. added 1-2 mls of dilute hydrochloric acid. 14, Through a part of the above solution, passed H,S gas. 15.To the remaining solution, added a pinch of solid ammonium chloride. Boiled the solution, cooled it and added excess of am- monium hydroxide solution. 16. Through a part of this so- lution, passed H,S gas 17. To the remaining ammonical solution added am- monium carbonate solution. Filtered the above white ppt. Dissolved the ppt. in hot dilute acetic acid, (a) Pot. chromate test. To one part of the above solution, added a few drops of pot. chromate solution. (b) Flame test. Performed flame test with the salt. No specific odour A reddish brown gas evolved which turned FeSO, solution black. No sublimate formed. No crackling sound observed. Salt does not fuse. White No characteristic colour. Persistent grassy green flame on prolonged heating. No gas evolved. Pink colour of KMnO, was not A reddish brown gas evolved which. turned FeSO, solution black. Reddish brown gas evolved. A dark brown ring formed at the junction of the two liquids. No ammonia gas evolved. Yellow ppt. Persistent grassy green flame on prolonged heating. Result. Acid radical: NO,- Cur, Fe, Fe™, Ni, Mn™, Co* absent. NH,*,S* and CH,COO- may be absent. NO,- may be present. Ammonium halides, alu- minum chloride, iodide may be absent. Lead nitrate, barium nitrate, sodium chloride, potassium chlo- ride and potassium iodide may be absent. Alkali (sodium, potassium) salts may be absent. Zn**, Pb# may be absent. Zn**, Pb, Mn? ete. may be absent. Zn*, Mg**, Al, PO, may be absent. Ba** present. Cu**, Ni?+, Fe3+, Mn?*, Co?* may be absent. ©0,*, S*, NO;, 80,2 may be absent. CY, Br, T°, C,0,>°, Fe may be absent. NO,- may be present. NO,- confirmed. NO,- confirmed. NH,* absent. Labelled it as Original Solu- tion (0.S.) Group I absent. (Pb®* absent) Group IT absent (Pb, Cu’, As**, absent) Group III absent. (Fe*, Al absent) Group IV absent. (Zn®*, Mn, Ni2*, Co?, absent) Group V present. (Ca**, Ba®*, Sr?* may be present)To Analyse the Given Salt for Acidic and Basic Radicals CO,”,, Zn?" OA Ren CUnC IM (e155 4ees(o 1 oi COMPA UT Sr Moe To analyse the given salt for acidic and basic radicals. 1. Physical examination (a) Noted the colour of the given salt, (©) Noted the smell of the salt. 2. Dry heating test Heated a pinch of the salt in a dry test tube and noted the following : (a) Gas evolved (6) Sublimation (©) Decrepitation (d) Colour of the residue 3. Charcoal cavity test Mixed a pinch of the salt with double the quantity of Na,CO, and heated the mixture on a charcoal cavity in the reducing flame. A colourless, odourless gi evolved which turned lime wa- ter milky. No sublimate formed. No crackling sound observed. Yellow when hot and white when cold. Yellow when hot and white when cold. Cu®, Fe%, Ni2*, Mn**, Co absent, NH,*,S* and CH,COO- may bbe absent. CO,? may be present. Ammonium halides, iodide may be absent. Lead nitrate, barium nitrate, sodium chloride, potassium chlo- ride and potassium iodide may be absent. ‘Zn™ may be present, Zn** may be present. 4, Cobalt nitrate test To the above white residue added a drop of cobalt nitrate solution and heated in oxidizing flame. 5, Flame test Prepared a paste of the salt with conc, HCI and performed flame test. 6. Borax bead test Did not perform this test since the given salt was white, 7. Dil. Sulphuric acid test Treated a pinch of the salt with dil. H,SO, and warmed. Shook a pinch of salt with water taken in test tube. 8. KMnQ, test To a pinch of the salt added dilute H,SO, warm and then a drop of KMn0, solution. 9. Cone. Sulphuric acid test Did not perform this test because the salt reacted with dil. H,S0,. 10. Confirmatory tests for carbonate (a) Shook a pinch of the salt with water. (6) To the salt added dil. HCI. 11. Heated a pinch of salt with conc, NaOH solution 12. Preparation of Original solution (0.8.) (a) Shook a pinch of the salt with water. (®) Shook a pinch of the salt in dil. HCL 13. As the O.S. is prepared in dil, HCL 14. Through a part of 0.8. passed H,S gas. 15. To the remaining solution, added a pinch of solid ammonium chlori Boiled the solution, cooled it and added excess of am: monium hydroxide solution. 16. Through a part of this solution, passed HS gas. 17. Confirmatory tests for Zn* ion Dissolved the above dull white ppt. in dil HCl. Boiled off H,S, Divided the solution into two parts. (a) Toone part added NaOH solution dropwise. () To another part, added potassium ferrocyanide Green residue. Green flashes seen with naked eye, Colourless, odourless gas evolved with brisk efferves- cence, turned lime water milky. Salt did not dissolve. Pink colour of KMnO, was not discharged. Salt did not dissolve. Brisk effervescence with evolu- tion of colourless, odourless gas which turned lime water milky. No ammonia gas evolved. Insoluble Clear solution obtained. No ppt. formed. No ppt. formed Dull white ppt. formed. White ppt. soluble in excess of NaOH. Bluish white ppt. solution. Table 12.18. List of Common White Salts ‘Zn® may be present. Zn* may be present, Cu, Ni®*, Fe, Fo™, Mn®, Co** may be absent. CO,* present Insoluble CO,* indicated. CY, Br, T, Fe, C,0,> are absent. CI’, Br, F, NO", CH,COO-, C,0,* are absent. Insoluble carbonate indi- cated, Insoluble carbonate con- firmed. NH,’ absent. Labelled it as O.S. Group I absent. (Pb absent) Group IT absent (Pb™, Hg?, Cu, As* absent). Group III absent. (Fe*, Al** absent). Group IV present. (Zn* present) Zn* confirmed. Zn* confirmed. [Name of the Sait Lead Nitrate Lead Acetate Zine Carbonate Zine Sulphide Zine Nitrate Zine Acetate Zine Chloride Zine Bromide Zine Sulphate Calcium Sulphite Calcium Carbonate Calcium Chloride Calcium Bromide Calcium Acetate Calcium Nitrate Barium Carbonate Barium Chloride Barium Nitrate Strontium Carbonate Strontium Chloride Strontium Nitrate Magnesium Carbonate Magnesium Acetate Magnesium Sulphate Ammonium Carbonate Ammonium Chloride Ammonium Bromide Ammonium Iodide Ammonium Nitrate Ammonium Sulphaté Ammonium Phosphate Sr Mg** 9 CH,COO- Copper Sulphate Ferrous Sulphate Manganese Chloride Cobalt Nitrate Nickel Carbonate Cobalt Acetate Copper Acetate ‘Manganese Sulphate Cobalt Sulphate Copper Chloride Nickel Sulphate Copper Carbonate