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Use of Advance technology in developing smart villages

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 Use of Advanced Technology in
Developing Smart Villages
Anil M. Muke* Nilesh S. Ugemuge
Associate Professor Assistant Professor
ITM College of Engineering ITM College of Engineering
Kamptee, Nagpur,INDIA Kamptee, Nagpur,INDIA
anilm@itmnagpur.ac.in Hemant V. Hajare nilesh.ugemuge@gmail.com
Principal & Professor
ITM College of Engineering
Kamptee, INDIA
hemanth@itmnagpur.ac.in
Abstract: Human society is developing with rapid momentum and achieved various successes for making
its livelihood better. The civilization is witness for various changes related to it’s development through
different catalysts like industrial development, green revaluation, science and technology, etc. India has
more than 72% of its population living in villages. Near about seven decade had been passed since India
got freedom, but the scenario in villages in our country is still unchanged. On one side India has recently
selected 100 cities for Smart City project and ready to adapt all the advanced technologies for these smart
cities and on other hand villages in our country are still struggling for getting basic amenities like 24 x 7
electricity. On one hand 4G internet technology is being utilized all over the urban areas but on other hand
villages in our country are still searching for genuine mobile networks. Our Governments are joining hands
with developed countries like America, China, Japan to run bullet trains to connect big cities in India where
as villages in our country are still disconnected and are lacking with basic facilities like drinking water,
healthy food, sanitization, toilets, transportation, education, etc. The technology that we use here can be
availed to the people living in rural areas to help in improving their lifestyle. This paper summarizes such
efforts which can definitely help us to introduce various technologies in these neglected parts of our country
fulfilling our responsively to build up our nation. Thus new concept of smart villages can be introduced to
make heaven in the heart of our India, because real Bharat is recognized by the villages in our country.

Keywords: Amenities, Civilization, smart villages, Technology

1.0 INTRODUCTION facilities, etc. Mahatma Gandhi in one of his own

India is the second most populated
country in the world after china where more
than 70% of its population is living in villages [1].
Since last 70 years of freedom, Indian economy
is growing fast. India is adapting all the latest
worldwide technologies and is being implemented
simultaneously here. But all the technology
concerned development is only limited up to
urban areas. Recently in year 2016, Central
Government has selected 100 cities in our country
for developing as Smart Cities and has sanctioned
a budget of thousands of crore rupees till the date
for developing these smart cities. But the village
of our country where most of our population live is
still far away from even basic developments. Life
in villages is harder and citizens in villages are
struggling for basic amenities like healthy food,
clothes, sanitization, pure drinking water, toilets,
basic education, electricity, transportation, medical
book “Harijan” had quoted about villages, “I would
say that if the village perishes India will perish too.
India will be no more India. Her own mission in the
world will get lost” [2]. Ultimately, seeing towards
actual proportion of population in villages compare
to cities, one thing is cleared that, real growth of
India is only dependent on development of villages.
The life in Indian villages is simple and
isolated; although they are connected nowadays
with cell phones and digital television transmission,
yet they are cut off from the main stream of urban
areas due to poor road connectivity and market
for their agricultural commodities. The villages do
not get enough electrical supply and all those work
dependent on electricity, is affected. The health,
educational and civil facilities are also either absent
or not up to the mark. Our former President, Late.
Dr. APJ Abdul Kalam had said that, “If the facilities
available in the cities are not made available to

* Corresponding Author

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rural population, the Governments will not have
done their duties.” The policy of “look to villages”
should envisage to create and develop Smart
Villages across the country. This would need a
shift of thought process of the authorities. On the
lines that 100 cities being shortlisted to become
Smart cities, each district may be divided in
cluster of 10 to 15 villages, consisting of a specific
number of population say 50000 to 75,000. Each
district could have 7 to 20 such clusters of villages
depending on its size of population. One cluster of
Villages should be picked up by local authorities
with the help of public leaders since it may seem
impossible to take up one village at a time to make
it a smart village, it would be more practical and
convenient if a cluster of villages is formed in each
district. Similar type of movement of compulsorily
selecting one village for development by each
MLAs and MPs in their own constituency was
initiated by our State and Central Authorities
which seems to be merely successful. In spite
of that grouping the 10-15 villages for cluster for
developing as smart villages is more practical. All
the clusters should be assigned to create a team of
thinkers who would prepare a complete blue print
of the requirement of the cluster including need
to develop Infrastructure like roads, buildings,
bridges, water, sewage, schools, colleges,
hospitals, security, solar panels, water treatment
plants, water harvesting and other facilities as
per need based on local talent available, local
vocations available, local raw materials/facilities
available, service/vocational avenues available
locally or in the district or within the state [3].
The present research article discusses
about rural development in developing world for
the upliftment of livelihood of the rural masses and
to take a ‘look ahead’ at scientific developments
and technologies that might be influential over the
next 10-20 years. The driving motivation behind the
concept on “Smart Village” is that the technology
should act as a catalyst for development, enabling
education and local business opportunities,
improving health and welfare, enhancing
democratic engagement and overall enhancement
of rural village dwellers. The “Smart Village”
concept aims to realize its goal through providing
policymakers with insightful, bottom–up analyses
of the challenges of village development.
2.0 LITERATURE REVIEW
Human society is developing with rapid
momentum and achieved various successes
for making its livelihood better. The civilization
is witness for various changes related to it’s the
development through different catalysts like
industrial development, green revaluation, science
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and technology, etc. The present era is augmented
on Information and Communication Technology.
This technology has proved its potential in
various sectors of development in urban and
rural landscapes. Urban areas are seems to more
inclined to accept and adopt Information and
Communication Technology due to advantages
of literacy and better infrastructure as compared
to rural areas. Due to such suitable situations of
urban landscapes good amount of success of this
technology is visible in the form of smart cities and
better livelihood of residing human beings. But
the problems, consequences and opportunities
in rural areas are different for effective utilization
of Information and Communication Technology
for sustainable development of rural masses.
The concept of Smart villages is the community
where individuals and collectively are empowered
to take smart decisions using smart technology,
communication and innovations. Following
technologies can be adopted in rural parts of
our country to develop them as Smart villages.
3.0 VARIOUS TECHNIQUES FOR DEVELOPING
SMART VILLAGES
Following various techniques can be
promoted improving the life of people in villages
and for actual development of smart villages.
3.1 Enhanced Use of Smart Phones and
Optical Fibre Technology for Internet
Techniques
India has become the second biggest
Smartphone market in terms of unique
Smartphone users, crossing 220 million users,
surpassing the US market, as per the report by
Counterpoint research. Over 20 mobile phone
brands are now assembling their parts in India. [3].
With over 460 million internet users, India
is the second largest online market, ranked only
behind China. By 2021, there will be about 635.8
million internet users in India. Urban population is
adopting latest technology so fast that within a short
span of three months, there are more than 10 crore
JIO users [4]. Indians often turn to mobile internet,
as the large majority of the digital population in India
were mobile internet users in 2016. India had an
estimate of 262 million mobile internet users living
in urban communities and 109 million living in rural
areas which is close to one third of urban users [5].
Alongside smart phone, there are
alternative mediums for accessing fast internet
in villages like optical fibre technology. This is
one of the advanced technologies nowadays
and is replacing cable network rigoursly. Optical
fibre communication is more advantageous
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than cable network due to its comparatively
low cost, easy to install, high data transfer
speed and abundantly available raw material
3.2 Online Library and E- Education
After provision of internet facility at villages
using various advanced technology, our next
responsibility towards making villages smarter
is to provide a quality education to the villagers.
Internet is one of the easy way of accessing the
data and information. This technology can now
be explored to more extent by providing online
education in schools and colleges. Worldwide
digital contents are available on internet which
can be accessed by children in villages to
make them compatible with rest of the world.
All Schools shall be connected with broadband.
Free wifi shall be provided in all secondary and
higher secondary schools (coverage would be
around 250,000 schools). A programme on digital
literacy would be taken up at the national level.
MOOCs –Massive Online Open Courses shall
be developed and leveraged for e-Education [6].
3.3 Smart Agriculture
Farming is our country’s oldest profession
for earning daily wages along with bread and butter
and more than half of our population is directly
dependent on this profession. But the agricultural
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productivity in our country is still lacking behind
many of other developed countries. Also most of
our farmers are dependent on natural resources
like monsoon and old techniques of farming. Due
to drought like situation, many of our farmers have
committed suicide and this number is increasing
day by day. Our Government is trying to control this
number through various schemes but all is in vein.
Smart agriculture can be life saver to such people if
implemented in right direction. Following techniques
can be adopted for implementing smart agriculture:
a. In Climate smart technology, a small weather
forecasting centres can be opened for group of villages
well equipped with advanced technology which will
be able to monitor the upcoming weather changes
with the help of satellites and same information shall
be communicated with the nearby villagers in an
advance so that farmers can plan their agricultural
activities. This will save farmers from uncertainties
of monsoon and other atmospheric effects.
b. Smart apps for smart agriculture like IFFCO KISAN,
AgriApp can be introduced in villages for providing
timely updates regarding availability and cost of
seeds, fertilizers, pesticides and other agricultural
commodities. Present stock and shortage of seeds,
fertilizers and pesticides can be communicated
with farmers in an advance by using these apps.
Government initiatives like water harvesting,
subsidies on products, crop insurances, agricultural
product exhibition, etc can directly be communicated
with the farmers using these smart apps. Live
streaming of agricultural commodities rates, market
network can be done on these smart apps which will
help farmers to sell their products with better prizes.
c. A training can be provided to farmers through
which organic fertilizers and pesticides can be
manufactured at community level to boost its better
use than chemical fertilizers and fertilizers. This
will help in maintaining soil quality and increasing
productivity. Such types of training workshops
can be arranged at Tehsil level for nearby farmers
and they should be promoted to participate in it.
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d. Water harvesting is the today’s most
essential need and is a part of smart agriculture.
Government is running various schemes for rain
water harvesting and providing financial support
for the same. Recently Maharashtra Government
have run “Magel tyala Shet tale” scheme and
thousands of farmers have benefited through
this scheme. Such types of projects can be
explored at other ground like roof top rain water
harvesting, industrial water recycling, etc at large
scales and should be financially supported by
the state and central governments. The proper
awareness can be created among villagers for
water conservation, monitoring and harvesting.
e. Solar powered bore wells can be installed
directly in fields to avoid both the water and
electricity crisis. Due to lack of 24 x 7 electricity
farmers are unable to install irrigation in their
fields and remain dependent on natural sources.
Solar powered bore wells can help them in
increasing agricultural productivity through timely
water supply along with overcoming power crisis.
3.4 Smart and Efficient Public Transport System
Lack of transportation facility is the major
reason behind isolating villages from rest of the
world. Since last 70 years of freedom, roads
and train network in rural part of India could
not be spread to our expectations. There are
thousands of villages in our country to which as
such no transportation is available. The direct
impact of this is on accessibility of villagers
to urban areas, market and lack of any other
facilities which is only available in big cities. To
overcome this problem, smart transportation can
be main melody for development of smart villages.
Our government is playing vital role in
improving the situation and has already taken
steps in right directions. A total of 599 highway
projects covering around 12,903 km of national
highways have been sanctioned till date incurring
an expenditure of INR 108,000 crore over the
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next 5 years. Under the Smart Cities Scheme,
Government of India has already earmarked INR
50,802 crore for the project with a proposed budget
of INR 48,000 crore to be utilised for developing first
20 Smart cities [7]. Similar type of bold initiative from
government is expected for actual development
of smart transportation in rural India too.
While supporting to the scheme of Clean
and Smart cities & villages, we must promote use of
clean fuels like Bio-fuels, ethanol, and compressed
natural gas (CNG) for our vehicles. Besides these,
electric and solar powered vehicles can also be
promoted equally. Vehicles running on hydrogen as
fuel and using fuel cell technology are also a clean
option available with us. CNG has already become
a popular fuel in India due to its low cost. However, it
needs infrastructure support in terms of more number
of fuelling stations and accessibility. This will definitely
help us in fulfilling our dream of establishing clean
and smart cities, smart villages along with saving
our environment from pollution by lowering the use
of carbon burning fuels like petrol, diesel, and coal.
3.5 Smart Sewage Management System and
Sanitation
No village or group of villages can be
termed truly ‘smart’ without an effective sewage
management system and there is a need for
framing a proper sanitation plan for towns intended
to become smart. Management of large quantity of
household waste and garbage had become major
headache for local managing bodies. Also dumping
such garbage in locality is affecting common
people’s health. To solve the problem related with
sewage management, an urgent and effective action
plan is required. The knowledge enhancement
and capacity building on sanitation diagnostics,
town sanitation planning and decision making and
analysis of cost effective and sustainable waste
water treatment technologies for mainstreaming
faecal sludge should be main focus for developing
smart villages. Preparing our mind set for sewage
management at personal level will be more fruitful.
Every individual can have dust bin fixed outside their
home where they can put their household garbage
instead of throwing in open space. Different coloured
dust bins can be chosen for different categories
of wastes like dry and wet, decomposable and
non decomposable waste, etc. Ample number of
waste collecting vehicles so called ‘Ghantagadi’
can be availed for each village to collect it. Waste
material dumping yards shall be far away from
civilization and shall have provision for categorising
and recycling of collected waste. Also similar
types of actions are required to manage bio waste
generated in hospitals as well as e waste generated.
Dr. Milind Kulkarni, Group Director-
Engineering Institutes, in his recent research
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paper had given an evidence in this direction and
highlighted how the sewage treatment facilities
in rural and semi urban areas is abysmally low.
Our State Government is applying the technology
generated by IIT Mumbai titled soil bio reactor
(SBR) and installing the waste water treatment
plants along with the conveyance system to treat
waste water generated in villages. This terminology
utilises the liquid waste from bathrooms and
kitchens. This technology appears similar to
constructed wetland systems. The constructed
wetlands are combination of settling, filtration and
biological action. These systems utilize wetland
plants, soils, and associated microorganisms to
remove contaminants from wastewater. They can
remove contaminants such as BOD, suspended
solids, metals including cadmium, chromium, iron,
lead, manganese, selenium, zinc and toxic organics
from wastewater. This project was run by contractor
designated by State government till 2 years and
then shall be operated by the local authority like
gram panchayat which again raise the question
mark that whether it will be continued or dumped.
But our government of Maharashtra should be
appreciated for initiating the direction of treatment
of domestic waste generated in rural areas.
3.6 Renewable Energy Sources and Solar Energy
Traditional sources of energy like wood,
coal, diesel, petrol, oil, natural gas, etc are now on
the verge of ending. Also excessive use of these
sources is polluting earth’s environment and is
responsible for remarkable adverse effects, like
abrupt climate change, drought and flood situation,
green house effects, melting of ice caps on poles,
de-thickening of ozone layer in atmosphere
collectively known as global warming. Due to fast
growing development of urban civilization, forests
are reducing with greater rate. By the 1990s, the
excess use of traditional sources in developing
countries was marked as a leading environmental
threat, with negative impacts linked with
deforestation, desertification and widespread soil
erosion. Thus to save our earth from the threat of
global warming, alternative energy sources which
burns less carbon are required to be invented
and solar energy source can play vital role to
overcome these global environmental effects [8].
3.7 Latest and Affordable Medical Facilities
After fulfilling basic needs like food
and drinking water, affordable medical facilities
are equally important for common man. Many
rural residents are not able to take treatment for
basic ailments either due to the non presence
of health care services in the vicinity or due to
lack of funds to access the same. Lack of public
sector infrastructure and latest technology is one
major obstacle in providing good healthcare to
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villagers. There is no sufficient number of primary
health centres available for rural parts of India. Even
though a well structured public health care system
exists, the infrastructure as well as the staff that
are required to provide the health care services is
inadequate in many different perspectives. Generally
rural public health facilities across the country
are having a difficult time attracting, retaining and
ensuring regular presence of highly trained medical
professionals. Many doctors are not willing to serve
in the rural areas due to lack of facilities even if
they are paid high salaries. Evaluation reports have
also shown that there is lack of equipments, poor
or absence of repairs, improper functioning or lack
of complementary facilities in hospitals like 24 hour
running water, electricity back-ups, transportation, etc.
To overcome these issues related with
the systematic problems a phase wise systematic
solution is required. One such step towards ensuring
rural public health is introducing an ample numbers
of mobile medical vans in the rural areas can solve
the problem of accessibility. Mobile vans equipped
with basic medical facilities could supplement a
primary health centres and travel to those areas
where the primary health centres do not exist or have
failed to meet the requirements of common people.
These vans can have schedule of visits in particular
areas and can be called in times of emergencies.
The quality of service can be improved by increasing
the awareness level of the users. Awareness
is required for many of Government schemes
available for economically poor and rural people.
4.0 CONCLUSIONS
Indian villages need to be more focused
on basic things such as sanitisation, health care,
drinking water and education. As villages and the
villagers have farming - agriculture as their primary
source of income. So having villages reap the
benefits of irrigation is really very important. The
biggest barrier to achieve our goal of developing
smart villages will be to deal with the mentality
of the villagers and make them understand the
real need of modernization. Also to create and
develop SMART VILLAGES across the country,
the authorities thought process would need a shift.
Adopting a village or group of villages by each
of MPs and MLAs for its development is good
initiative taken by our governments and should be
implemented up to a grass root level. Also we can
promote many of self financed firms like industries,
educational institutes to to adopt such villages
or group of villages for developing them and can
provide possible technical support. Recently 02
years back, ITM College of Engineering, Kamptee
had adopted Ghorpad villages in its vicinity and
extended their technical and staff support for few
services like drinking water testing, sewage water
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analysis, etc. Such types of movement can be Dr. Hemant V. Hajare is working as a
conducted by other Engineering Institutes too. Principal in ITM College of Engineering,
Kamptee. He completed his
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT BE and M. Tech. degree from VNIT
We are thankful to ITM College of Engineering,
Kamptee Nagpur and ITM Management, Mumbai earlier known as VRC Nagpur. He completed his
for providing financial support and a platform Ph.D. degree from Rashtrasant Tukadoji Maharaj,
to present this review paper in International Nagpur University, Nagpur. He has published more
Conference as well as in International Journal. than 30 research papers in National & International
journals and 6 candidates are pursuing their Ph.D.
References under him. His research interest is water resource,
[1] Article published on 1 Oct. hydrology and Hydraulics. He is a reviewer
2016, The Hindu, New Delhi. of various international and National journals
[2] Harijan, 29-8-1936; 63:241 and is associated various professional bodies.
[3] Article published on 3 Feb.
2016, The Hindu, New Delhi.
[4] Article published in daily newspaper,
The Hitavada, dated 21 Feb. 2017.
[5] w w w . s t a t i s t a . c o m / t o p i c s / 2 1 5 7 /
internet users in India.
[6] Dr. K. Priyadarsini, Prof. Dr. N.
Vijayaratnam, IJIRIS, 9, 3 (33-37) 2016.
[7] http://databank.worldbank.org/data/reports.
aspx? source=2 & Topic=16 – 19 April, 2016
[8] Dr. Milind Kulkarni, IJRESTs,
Volume 1 (4), 2015.

Authors Biography

Dr. Anil M. Muke born in small

village of about 300 population in
Wardha district and was inspired to
write this review paper after actually
seeing life of people in villages. Presently he
is working as Associate Professor in Physics
in ITM College of Engineering, Kamptee. He
completed his Post-graduation in Physics and
doctoral degree from Rashtrasant Tukadoji
Maharaj Nagpur University, Nagpur. His area of
specialization is Luminescence and Condensed
matter Physics. He had presented 05 research
papers in International Journals and 05 in National
and International conferences. He is life member
of various professional bodies like LSI, ISTE, etc.

Dr. Nilesh S. Ugemuge working as

Assistant Professor in Priyadarshini
College of Engineering, Nagpur. He
obtained his PG and doctoral degree
from Rashtrasant Tukadoji Maharaj Nagpur
University, Nagpur. His area of specialization is
Condensed matter Physics and Human resource
management. He has published several research
papers in International Journals & in international and
national conferences. He is a life member of various
professional bodies, like LSI, ISTE, IAENG, etc.

www.ijrests.org
* Corresponding Author Vol.: 03 No.: 04 June 2017
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