STOICHIOMETRY

What is Stoichiometry?
Stoichiometry is the study of quantitative relationships between the
amounts of reactants used and amounts of products formed by a chemical
reaction.

Reactant (R)  is the substance that is on the left side of the chemical
reaction (as the starting substance).
Product (P)  is the substance that is on the right side of a chemical
reaction (as a substance produced ).

By combining our abilities to balance equations and do unit

conversions, we can now complete stoichiometry problems (mass to mass
conversions)
All stoichiometric calculations begin with a balanced chemical
equation where you are given the amount of one molecule (a reactant, or
product in the reaction) and asked to find the amount of another.

One of the basic laws of stoichiometry is conservation of mass (the

law of Lavoiser)
"In a chemical reaction, the mass of the substance before the reaction
(reactant) and after the reaction (product) is the same”.
Equation of chemical equations: the number of each atom in the reactant
will be equal to the number of each atom in the product, example :
C2 H 6 + O 2 C O 2 + H 2O
C2H 6 + 7 /2 O 2 2C O 2 + 3 H2O
2
C
H
+
7
O
2
6
24
C
O+
6
H
O
2
2

Remember Proust law

“The mass comparison of the constituent elements of a compound is
certain and fixed”.

Dalton's Law
"If two elements can form two types or more than one compound, where
the mass of one element is fixed (equal), then the mass ratio of the other
elements in these compounds is an integer and simple”.

Lussac Gay’s Law

"At the same temperature and pressure the ratio of the volume of the
gases that react and the reaction results is compared to integers"
Remember ideal gas formula

Avogadro's hypothesis
"At the same temperature and pressure, all gases have the same volume
and contain the same number of molecules"
ratio of number of molecules = comparison of coefficients = volume
ratio.

Concept of Mol (n)

1 mole is the ratio between the number of atoms to 12 grams of C12
atoms.
Conversion
Conversion is a comparison between the number of moles that react with
the number of moles of bait.

Yield
The yield for reactants and single products is the ratio of the weight of
the mass or mole of the final product to the weight of the mass or mole
of the initial reactant.
If the product and reactants are more than one, then key reactants,
products that are desired and products that are not desired must be
considered.

“My Opinion about this chemical text, Stoichiometry is basic theory of

chemical. Learn stoichiometry make us know about chemical reaction
and its concept like : mole, mass, atom relative mass, reactant and
product. This one is very important to learn, if not we don’t know how
chemical reaction happened and for industry chemistry its involves the
connection of reactants and products in a chemical reaction to determine
the quantity of each substance that reacts”.