International Journal of Emerging Technology and Advanced Engineering

Website: www.ijetae.com (ISSN 2250-2459, ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal, Volume 4, Issue 3, March 2014)

Suitability of Crushed Stone Dust as Fine Aggregate in

Mortars
S. P. S. Rajput1, M. S. Chauhan2
1
Assistant professor, 2Professor, Department of Civil Engineering, Maulana Azad National Institute of Technology Bhopal-
462051 (India)
Abstract--The present investigation shows that the 1. Physical properties like bulk density, fineness
characteristics of mortars and concrete using Crushed stone modulus etc., grain size distribution for Crushed stone
dust as fine aggregate are superior when compared to the dust and natural river sand
natural river sand as fine aggregate. The results pertain to 2. Mortar and masonry characteristics using Crushed
the most commonly used grading zone – II sand. Crushed
stone dust and river sand
stone dust falling within the grading Zone II sand, grading
limits specified by IS 383 code and manufactured from the a. Compressive strength of mortar
hard rock is suitable as fine aggregate in masonry mortars. b. Flow/workability
Also, IS-2116 and IS 383 codes permit the use of crushed c. Compressive strength for mortar and masonry
stone fine aggregate in masonry mortars. using 1:4 and 1:6 Cement: Sand ratio
The test programme for mortar is shown in Tables 1.
Keywords: Crushed stone dust, Mortar, River sand
Two cement mortars (1:6 and 1:4, cement: sand by
volume) were used in this study and tested for strength,
I. INTRODUCTION
Flow/ workability, water absorption, masonry
In India, river sand is used as fine aggregate in mortar compressive strength.
over a period of millions of years. In general, the demand
Table 1
of river sand is very high in developing countries to Test Programme For Mortars Using River Sand And Crushed
satisfy the rapid infrastructure growth. In this situation Stone Dust
developing country like India facing shortage in good
quality of river sand (Amnon and Hadassa 2006). Mortar and 1:6 Cement Mortar 1:4 Cement
Properties of sand affect the durability and masonry Mortar
performance of mortar, so fine aggregate is an property
essential component of cement mortar.
Now a day’s sand is becoming a very costly
material, in this situation research began for cheep River Crushed River Crushed
and easily available alternative material than river Sand stone dust Sand stone
sand. dust
Thus Manufactured sand (Crushed stone dust), as a Compressive √ √ √ √
fine aggregate, is an attractive alternative of river sand strength at
for cement mortars. It is purpose made fine aggregate 85% flow
produced by crushing and screening or further processing Compressive √ √ ---- ----
i.e. washing, grading, classifying of quarried rock, strength for
cobbles, boulders or gravels from which natural fine masonry
aggregate had been removed.
The present study has been attempted to evaluate the
characteristics of cement mortar using Crushed stone dust
Material Properties
as fine aggregate and its compare with river sand.
(A) Physical Properties Of Crushed Stone Dust And
II. EXPERIMENTAL P ROGRAMME River Sand
The main objective of the study was to examine the The physical properties of fine aggregates are given in
suitability of Crushed stone dust as fine aggregate in Table 2.
Mortars. Apart from characterizing the properties of
Crushed stone dust, tests were performed on the mortars
using Crushed stone dust as well as natural river sand.
The following tests were performed:

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 International Journal of Emerging Technology and Advanced Engineering
Website: www.ijetae.com (ISSN 2250-2459, ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal, Volume 4, Issue 3, March 2014)
Table: 2
Physical Properties Of Fine Aggregates

Properties Type of Sand

Crushed stone dust Natural
Sand
Bulk density (kg/cm3) 18.18 15.3
Specific gravity 2.8 2.73
Bulking of sand (%) 4.91 5.55
Fineness Modulus 2.49 2.10
Water absorption (%) 6.2 9.4
Crushed stone dust contains elements of Si, Al, Ca, Mg,
Na, K, Fe, etc.
(B) Sieve Analysis
Sieve analysis (or gradation test) is a practice or
procedure used to assess the particle size distribution for
sand. Gradation affects many properties of a fine
aggregate. With careful selection of the gradation, it is
Fig. 1 Crushed stone dust mortar at 85% flow (no segregation)
possible to achieve high bulk density, and low
permeability. Sieve analysis of fine aggregates Mortar composition as well as water-cement ratio
determined as per IS: 383 (1970) given in Table 3. affects the workability. Workability of the fresh mortar
Table 3 can be measured by conducting a flow table test
Details Of Sieve Analysis Of Natural Sand And Manufactured Sand following the BS – 4551 code guidelines. Workability of
fresh mortar is expressed as flow value. Fig. 1 shows
Grading mortar flow at 85% using Crushed stone dust in 1:6
Percentage Passing
Limits for cement mortar.
Sieve Designation Crushed Zone II
Natural stone Sand (IS (b) Compressive strength for mortar: Compressive
Sand dust 383) strength values given in Table 4 represent mean of three
specimens. Considerable increase in compressive
strength of mortars between 3 and 7 days curing
4.75 mm (No.4) 100 100 90-100 irrespective of flow value for 85% and sand type for both
the mortars.
2.36 mm (No. 8) 99.3 94.5 75-100 (c) Compressive strength of masonry: Compressive
strength of masonry was examined by testing five brick
1.18 mm (No.16) 97.1 69.2 55-90 high stack bonded masonry prisms. Prisms (size: 105 x
225 x 445 mm, having height to width ratio of 4.23) were
600 micron (No.30) 89 49.8 35-59 prepared using burnt clay bricks having compressive
strength of 9.8 MPa (mean value) and using 1:6 cement
300 micron (No.50) 2.7 21.4 08 - 30 mortar with river sand and Crushed stone dust.
Compressive strength of the masonry prisms was 3.15
150 micron (No.100) 1 6.1 0-10 MPa and 4.08 MPa for mortar with river sand and
crushed stone dust respectively. These are the mean
III. T EST RESULTS AND D ISCUSSION values of six prisms. Nearly 30% increase in masonry
(a) Mortar characteristics using Crushed stone dust and strength due to the use of mortar with Crushed stone dust
river sand Flow/workability: Workability of the mortar was observed. Fig. 2 shows the masonry prism failure
should be such that it allows the mason to spread the (typical vertical splitting cracks) using mortar with
mortar easily and adheres well to the masonry units. Crushed stone dust.

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 International Journal of Emerging Technology and Advanced Engineering
Website: www.ijetae.com (ISSN 2250-2459, ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal, Volume 4, Issue 3, March 2014)
Table 4
Compressive Strength Mortars

Mortar Flow Water – cement ratio Compressive strength (MPa)

Proportion
(by volume) (%)
Cement : Sand River sand Crushed stone dust
River sand Crushed 3 days 7 days 3 days 7 days
stone dust
1:6 85 1.72 1.30 3.10 5.03 4.80 7.20
1:4 85 1.13 0.84 4.89 8.35 10.8 14.0

Fig. 2 (A) Typical Failure Pattern Fig. 2 (B) Prism With Strain Gauge

IV. CONCLUSIONS
Based on the study following conclusion has been
drawn:
1. Grading limits of Crushed stone dust lies in the
grading Zone-II sand, grading limits specified by IS
383 code.
2. Bulk density and specific gravity of Crushed stone
dust are comparable to those of river sand.
3. Mortars with Crushed stone dust show better
workability and to achieve a specific flow value
when compared to mortars with river sand.
4. Compressive strength of mortar with Crushed stone
dust is higher than that of the mortar with river sand
for mortar flow in the range of 85%.
5. Crushed stone dust mortar shows higher
compressive strength and modulus for masonry
when compared with the values for masonry using
river sand.
REFERENCES
[1] Amnon K., and Hadassa B., (2006), “Effect of high levels of
fines content on concrete properties”, ACI Material Journal,
103, pp 474-481.
[2] BS: 4551 - 1980, "British standard methods of testing mortars,
screeds and plasters", British Standards Institution, U. K.
[3] IS: 456 – 2000, “Plain and reinforced concrete – code of
practice”, Bureau of India Standards, New Delhi, India.
[4] IS: 383 – 1970 (2002), “Specification for coarse and fine
aggregates from natural sources for concrete”, Bureau of Indian
Standards, New Delhi, India.
[5] IS: 2116 – 1980 (1998), “Specification for sand for masonry
mortars”, Bureau of Indian Standards, New Delhi, India.
[6] IS: 2250 – 1981 (2000), "Indian Standard Code of Practice for
Preparation and Use of Masonry Mortars", Bureau of Indian
Standards, New Delhi.
[7] IS: 1905 - 1987, "Code of Practice for Structural Use of Un
reinforced Masonry", Bureau of Indian Standards, New Delhi
[8] IS: 1199 – 1959 (2004), “Methods of sampling and analysis of
concrete” Bureau of Indian Standards, New Delhi, India.
[9] IS: 516 – 1959 (2004), “Methods of tests for strength of
concrete”, Bureau of Indian Standards, New Delhi, India.

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