Trial 5

Continuous Variations and Stoichiometry

I. Goal
Students can prove a chemical reaction stoichiometry based on changes
to physical properties.
II. Basic theory
The basis of this experiment is the JOB method or method of
continuous variation. In this method is a series of observations that the
total molar quantity is the same, but each molar quantity of the reaction,
fluctuating (varies). One particular physical trait is chosen to be
examined, e.g., mass, volume, temperature, and absorbent power.
Because the quantity of the reaction is different, the price changes in
physical properties of this system can be used to predict the system
Stoichiometry. When depicted the graph of physical properties observed
(measured) against the quantity of the reaction, it will be obtained a
maximum or minimum point that corresponds to the point Stoichiometry
system. This state states the comparison of reagents in compounds.
III. Tools and Materials
Tool INGREDIENTS/substances:
 2 pieces of chemical
 CuSO4 1 M
glass 100 mL
 NaOH 2 M, 1 M
 10 Cups chemical 50
 HCl 1 M
mL
 H2SO4 1 M
 1 Piece of measuring
cup 10 mL, 50 mL
 2 pieces Pipette drop

IV. Working procedure

1. CuSO4 – NaOH system stoichiometry
a. Use CuSO4 1 m Solution and NaOH 2 M. Enter 40 mL of NaOH
into the chemical glass and record the temperature.
b. While stirring, add a 10 mL CuSO4 solution that has measured the
temperature initially and observe the temperature of the Mix.
(Note: The solution temperature of CuSO 4 should be set to equal
the temperature Of The solution NaOH in the chemical glasses
before mixing).
 c. Repeat the experiment, using 20 mL NaOH and 30 mL CuSO4; 10
ml naoh and 40 mL CuSO4; 30 mL NaOH and 20 mL of CuSO4
solution.
2. Acid stoichiometry – base
a. Into 5 pieces of 50 mL chemical glass, insert consecutive 5, 10,
15, 20, and 25 mL of the NaOH solution and into 5 other chemical
cups enter consecutive 5, 10, 15, 20 and 25 mL of the HCl
solution.
b. The temperature of each solution is measured, recorded, and then
taken the average price (this is the first temperature, TM).
c. Both of these solutions are mixed in such a way, so that the
volume of acid and base solution mixture is always fixed, ie 30
mL.
d. The temperature changes that occurred during this mixing were
observed and recorded as the final temperature, TA.
Thus the acquisition of ∆ T price for each time mixing of acid and
alkaline solution.
∆T = TA – TM.
e. Next, draw a chart between the ∆T (Y-axis) and the acid-base
volume (x-axis).
f. Do the same experiment on the mixture of NaOH and H2SO4.
What discrepancies may be present when compared to previous
experiments.
V. Observation results
No Treatment Hypothesis Observation Observation reaction
results
1. Enter 40 ML The early NaOH tidak
of NaOH temperature berwarna,
into the was CuSO4
chemical discovered bening
glass and from NaOH berwarna
record the biru
temperature.

2. While Blue
stirring, add Deposits
a 10 mL
CuSO4
solution that
 has measured
the
temperature
initially and
observe the
temperature
of the mix.
3. Repeat the From this
experiment, repetition
using 20 mL will get a
NaOH and different
30 mL temperature
CuSO4; 10 result from
ml naoh and the
40 mL difference in
cuso4; 30 concentration
mL NaOH
and 20 ml of
CuSO4
solution.

4. Into 5 pieces The

of 50 mL temperature
chemical difference of
glass, insert the
consecutive experiments
5, 10, 15, 20, conducted.
and 25 mL
of the NaOH
solution and
into 5 other
chemical
cups enter
consecutive
5, 10, 15, 20
and 25 mL
of the HCl
solution.
5. The
temperature
of each
solution is
measured,
recorded,
and then
taken the
average price
(this is the
first
temperature,
TM).

6. Both of these
solutions are
mixed in
such a way,
so that the
volume of
acid and
base solution
mixture is
always fixed,
ie 30 mL.

7. The
temperature
changes that
occurred
during this
mixing were
observed and
recorded as
the final
temperature,
TA.
 8. Next, draw a
chart
between the
∆ T (Y-axis)
and the acid-
base volume
(x-axis).

9. Do the same There will be

experiment a diversity of
on the data
mixture of obtained.
NaOH and
H2SO4.
1. Stochiometry of CuSO4 – NaOH
Solution NaoH CuSO4 TM TA ∆T Pictures
(mL) (mL)
A 40 10 32 32 0
B 20 30 31 33 2
C 10 40 32 32 0
D 30 20 32 33 1

2. a. Stochiometry of NaOH – HCl

Solution NaOH CuSO4 TM TA ∆T Pictures

(mL) (mL)
A

2. b. Stochiometry of NaOH – H2SO4

NaOH H2SO4 TM TA ∆T
(mL) (mL)
0 30
5 25
 10 20
15 15
20 10
25 5
30 0

VI. Discussion
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VII. Inferred
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VIII. Bibliography
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