ORAL -2019-I

DERIVADAS- CALCULO DIFERENCIAL

1.-

a) Demostrar por derivación de incrementos que:

𝑺𝒊 𝒇(𝒙) = 𝒔𝒆𝒏𝒙 ; 𝒆𝒏𝒕𝒐𝒏𝒄𝒆𝒔 𝒇´ (𝒙) = 𝒄𝒐𝒔𝒙
𝒙𝒔𝒆𝒏𝒙
b) 𝒚 = 𝒂𝒓𝒄𝒕𝒂𝒈( )
𝟏−𝒙𝒄𝒐𝒔𝒙

c) √𝒚 + 𝟑√𝒚 + √𝒚𝟑 = 𝒙
𝟒

𝟏+√𝒔𝒆𝒏𝒙
d) 𝒚 = 𝟐𝒂𝒓𝒄𝒕𝒂𝒈√𝒔𝒆𝒏𝒙 + 𝐥𝐧 ( )
𝟏−√𝒔𝒆𝒏𝒙

e) (𝒙 + 𝒚)𝒚𝟑 = 𝒙 − 𝒚

f) 𝒚𝟓 − 𝟐𝒙𝟐 𝒚𝟑 + 𝟑𝒙𝟒 𝒚 − 𝒙𝟓 = 𝟓

g) 𝒂𝒙+𝒚 = 𝒔𝒆𝒏(𝒙 + 𝒚)
 𝑥𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑥 (1 − 𝑥𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥)(𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑥 + 𝑥𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥) − (𝑥𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑥 − 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥)(𝑥𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑥)
𝑑𝑦 𝑑 (1 − 𝑥𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 ) (1 − 𝑥𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥)2
= 𝑥𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑥 =
𝑑𝑥 1 + ( ) 2 1 − 2𝑥𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 + 𝑥 2 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 2 + 𝑥 2 𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑥 2
1 − 𝑥𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 (1 − 𝑥𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥)2

𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑥 − 𝑥𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑥𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 + 𝑥𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 − 𝑥 2 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 2 − 𝑥 2 𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑥 2 + 𝑥𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑥𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥

=
1 − 2𝑥𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 + 𝑥 2 (𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 2 + 𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑥 2 )

𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑥 + 𝑥𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 − 𝑥 2 (𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 2 + 𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑥 2 )

=
1 − 2𝑥𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 + 𝑥 2

𝑑𝑦 𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑥 + 𝑥𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 − 𝑥 2
=
𝑑𝑥 1 − 2𝑥𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 + 𝑥 2

𝟏+√𝒔𝒆𝒏𝒙
h) 𝒚 = 𝟐𝒂𝒓𝒄𝒕𝒂𝒈√𝒔𝒆𝒏𝒙 + 𝐥𝐧 ( )
𝟏−√𝒔𝒆𝒏𝒙

𝑑𝑦 2𝑑(√𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑥) 1 + √𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑥 1 − √𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑥

= + 𝑑 ( ).( )
𝑑𝑥 1 + (√𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑥)2 1 − √𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑥 1 + √𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑥

2𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 (1−√𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑥).𝑑(1+√𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑥)−(1+√𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑥).𝑑(1−√𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑥) 1−√𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑥

= + .( )
2√𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑥(1+𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑥) (1−√𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑥)2 1+√𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑥
 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 −𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥
𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 (1−√𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑥).( )−(1+√𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑥).( ) 1−√𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑥
2√𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑥 2√𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑥
= + 2 .( )
√𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑥(1+𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑥) (1−√𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑥) 1+√𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑥

𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥
𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 ( )(1−√𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑥+1++√𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑥) 1
2√𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑥
= + .( )
√𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑥(1+𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑥) 1−√𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑥 1+√𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑥

𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 2(𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥)
= +
√𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑥(1+𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑥) (2√𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑥)(1−𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑥)(1+√𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑥)

𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 1 1 2𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥
= .( + )=
√𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑥 1+𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑥 1−𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑥 √𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑥(𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥)2

𝑑𝑦 2
=
𝑑𝑥 √𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑥(𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥)

i) √𝒚 + 𝟑√𝒚 + √𝒚𝟑 = 𝒙
𝟒

4
𝑑𝑥 𝑑(√𝑦 + 3√𝑦 + √𝑦 3 ) 1 1 3
= = + 3 + 4
𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑦 2√𝑦 3(√𝑦 2 ) 4( √𝑦)
11 3 7
𝑑𝑥 12𝑦 12 + 8𝑦 4 + 12𝑦 6
= 17
𝑑𝑦
24𝑦 12
17
𝑑𝑦 6𝑦 12
= 11 3 7
𝑑𝑥
3𝑦 12 + 2𝑦 4 + 3𝑦 6

𝒙+√𝒚
√
𝒙−√𝒚 𝒙−√𝒚
j) 𝒆 + 𝐥𝐧 ( )=𝟖
𝒙+√𝒚
𝑥+√𝑦
√
𝑥−√𝑦 𝑥−√𝑦
𝑒 + ln ( ) − 8=0
𝑥+√𝑦
 𝑥+√𝑦
√ 𝑥 − √𝑦
𝑥−√𝑦
𝑑 (𝑒 + ln ( ) − 8)
𝑥 + √𝑦
𝑑𝑦 − 𝑑𝑥
=
𝑑𝑥 𝑥+ 𝑦
√ √ 𝑥 − √𝑦
𝑥−√𝑦
𝑑 (𝑒 + ln ( ) − 8)
𝑥 + √𝑦

𝑑𝑦

𝑥 + √𝑦
𝑥+ 𝑦
𝑑 (√ ) 𝑥 − √𝑦
√ √ 𝑥 − √𝑦 𝑑( )
𝑥−√𝑦 𝑥 + √𝑦 𝑥 + √𝑦
− 𝑒 . + ( ).
𝑑𝑥 𝑥 − √𝑦 𝑑𝑥

𝑑𝑦 ( )
=
𝑑𝑥
𝑥 + √𝑦
𝑑 (√ ) 𝑥 − √𝑦
𝑥+ 𝑦
√ √ 𝑥 − √𝑦 𝑑( )
𝑥−√𝑦 𝑥 + √𝑦 𝑥 + √𝑦
𝑒 . +( ).
𝑑𝑦 𝑥 − √𝑦 𝑑𝑦

𝑥 + √𝑦
𝑑( )
𝑥+√𝑦 𝑥 − √𝑦 𝑥 − √𝑦
√ 𝑑( )
𝑥−√𝑦 𝑑𝑥 𝑥 + √𝑦 𝑥 + √𝑦
− 𝑒 . +( ).
𝑥 − √𝑦 𝑑𝑥
𝑥 + √𝑦
2√
𝑥 − √𝑦
𝑑𝑦 ( )
=
𝑑𝑥 𝑥 + √𝑦
𝑑( )
𝑥+√𝑦
𝑥 − √𝑦 𝑥 − √𝑦
√ 𝑑( )
𝑥−√𝑦 𝑑𝑦 𝑥 + √𝑦 𝑥 + √𝑦
𝑒 . +( ).
𝑥 − √𝑦 𝑑𝑦
𝑥 + √𝑦
2√
𝑥 − √𝑦
 𝑥+ 𝑦
√ √ √𝑦 (√𝑥 − √𝑦)
𝑥−√𝑦 2 √𝑦 𝑥 + √𝑦
− −𝑒 . + . ( )
(𝑥 − √𝑦)2 (√𝑥 + √𝑦) (𝑥 + √𝑦)2 𝑥 − √𝑦
𝑑𝑦 ( )
=
𝑑𝑥 𝑥+ 𝑦
√ √
𝑥−√𝑦 𝑥√𝑥 − √𝑦 𝑥 𝑥 + √𝑦
𝑒 . − 2 .( )
2√𝑦(𝑥 − √𝑦)2 (√𝑥 + √𝑦) √𝑦(𝑥 + √𝑦) 𝑥 − √𝑦
𝑥+ 𝑦
√ √ (√𝑥 − √𝑦)
𝑥−√𝑦 2
(√𝑦). (𝑒 . − )
(𝑥 − √𝑦)2 (√𝑥 + √𝑦) 𝑥2 −𝑦
𝑑𝑦
=
𝑑𝑥 𝑥+ 𝑦
√ √ (√𝑥 − √𝑦)
𝑥 𝑥−√𝑦 2
( ) . (𝑒 . − 2 )
2 √𝑦 (𝑥 − √𝑦)2 (√𝑥 + √𝑦) 𝑥 − 𝑦

𝑑𝑦 2√𝑦. √𝑦
=
𝑑𝑥 𝑥

𝑑𝑦 2𝑦
=
𝑑𝑥 𝑥

k) 𝒚𝟓 − 𝟐𝒙𝟐 𝒚𝟑 + 𝟑𝒙𝟒 𝒚 − 𝒙𝟓 = 𝟓

𝑦 5 − 2𝑥 2 𝑦 3 + 3𝑥 4 𝑦 − 𝑥 5 − 5 = 0
𝑑(𝑦 5 − 2𝑥 2 𝑦 3 + 3𝑥 4 𝑦 − 𝑥 5 − 5)
𝑑𝑦 −
= 𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑥 𝑑(𝑦 − 2𝑥 𝑦 + 3𝑥 4 𝑦 − 𝑥 5 − 5)
5 2 3
𝑑𝑦
𝑑𝑦 4𝑥𝑦 − 12𝑥 𝑦 + 5𝑥 4
3 3
=
𝑑𝑥 5𝑦 4 − 6𝑥 2 𝑦 2 + 3𝑥 4

l) (𝒙 + 𝒚)𝒚𝟑 = 𝒙 − 𝒚

𝑥𝑦 3 + 𝑦 4 + 𝑦 − 𝑥 = 0
 𝑑(𝑥𝑦 3 + 𝑦 4 + 𝑦 − 𝑥)
𝑑𝑦 − 𝑑𝑥
=
𝑑𝑥 𝑑(𝑥𝑦 + 𝑦 4 + 𝑦 − 𝑥)
3
𝑑𝑦
3
𝑑𝑦 1−𝑦
=
𝑑𝑥 3𝑥𝑦 2 + 4𝑦 3 + 1

𝟐 𝟐
m) 𝒕𝒂𝒈(𝒙𝟐 + 𝒚𝟐 ) + 𝒆𝒙 + 𝒆𝒚 = 𝟎
2 2
𝑑(𝑡𝑎𝑔(𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 ) + 𝑒 𝑥 + 𝑒 𝑦 )
𝑑𝑦 − 𝑑𝑥
= 2 2
𝑑𝑥 𝑑(𝑡𝑎𝑔(𝑥 + 𝑦 ) + 𝑒 𝑥 + 𝑒 𝑦 )
2 2

𝑑𝑦

𝑑(𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 ) 2 (𝑥 2 2) 𝑥2
𝑑𝑦 − [ . 𝑆𝑒𝑐 + 𝑦 + 2𝑥𝑒 ]
𝑑𝑥
=
𝑑𝑥 𝑑(𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 ) 2
. 𝑆𝑒𝑐 2 (𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 ) + 2𝑦𝑒 𝑦
𝑑𝑥
2
𝑑𝑦 −2𝑥. 𝑆𝑒𝑐 2 (𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 ) − 2𝑥𝑒 𝑥
= 2
𝑑𝑥 2𝑦. 𝑆𝑒𝑐 2 (𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 ) + 2𝑦𝑒 𝑦
2
𝑑𝑦 𝑥[ 𝑆𝑒𝑐 2 (𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 ) + 𝑒 𝑥 ]
=− 2
𝑑𝑥 𝑦[𝑆𝑒𝑐 2 (𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 ) + 𝑒 𝑦 ]

n) Demostrar por derivación de incrementos que:

𝑺𝒊 𝒇(𝒙) = 𝒔𝒆𝒏𝒙 ; 𝒆𝒏𝒕𝒐𝒏𝒄𝒆𝒔 𝒇´ (𝒙) = 𝒄𝒐𝒔𝒙

Se sabe que:

𝑓(𝑥 + ℎ) − 𝑓(𝑥)
𝑓 ´ (𝑥) = lim ( )
ℎ→0 ℎ

𝑠𝑒𝑛(𝑥 + ℎ) − 𝑠𝑒𝑛(𝑥)
𝑓 ´ (𝑥) = lim ( )
ℎ→0 ℎ
 𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑥. 𝑐𝑜𝑠ℎ + 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥. 𝑠𝑒𝑛ℎ − 𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑥
𝑓 ´ (𝑥) = lim ( )
ℎ→0 ℎ

1 − 𝑐𝑜𝑠ℎ 𝑠𝑒𝑛ℎ
𝑓 ´ (𝑥) = lim (−𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑥. ( ) + 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥. ( ))
ℎ→0 ℎ ℎ

1 − 𝑐𝑜𝑠ℎ 𝑠𝑒𝑛ℎ
𝑓 ´ (𝑥) = lim (−𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑥. ( )) + lim (𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥. ( ))
ℎ→0 ℎ ℎ→0 ℎ

𝑓 ´ (𝑥) = −𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑥. 0 + 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥. 1

𝑓 ´ (𝑥) = 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥

o) 𝒂𝒙+𝒚 = 𝒔𝒆𝒏(𝒙 + 𝒚)

ln|𝑎 𝑥+𝑦 | = ln|𝑠𝑒𝑛(𝑥 + 𝑦)|

(𝑥 + 𝑦) ln|𝑎| = ln|𝑠𝑒𝑛(𝑥 + 𝑦)|

0 = ln|𝑠𝑒𝑛(𝑥 + 𝑦)| − (𝑥 + 𝑦) ln|𝑎|

𝑑(ln|𝑠𝑒𝑛(𝑥 + 𝑦)| − (𝑥 + 𝑦) ln|𝑎| )

𝑑𝑦 − 𝑑𝑥
=
𝑑𝑥 𝑑(ln|𝑠𝑒𝑛(𝑥 + 𝑦)| − (𝑥 + 𝑦) ln|𝑎| )
𝑑𝑦
cos(𝑥 + 𝑦)
𝑑𝑦 − [ + ln|𝑎|]
𝑠𝑒𝑛(𝑥 + 𝑦)
= = −1
𝑑𝑥 cos(𝑥 + 𝑦)
+ ln|𝑎|
𝑠𝑒𝑛(𝑥 + 𝑦)