SYNTHESIS OF TETRAAMINECOPPER (II) SULFATE

A. Purpose
Studied the manufacture of the tetraamincopper (II) sulfate as a result of the reaction
between copper sulfate and ammonia and its properties
B. Literature Review
Copper (Cu) is one of the lightest and most active metals. Cu + undergoes
spontaneous disporpodionation in standard (standard) states. This does not mean that
compounds of Cu (I) solution cannot be formed. To assess under what circumstances
Cu (I) and Cu (II) are formed, which is to make (Cu +) quite a lot in aqueous solution,
Cu2 + will be in large quantities (because the concentration must be around two million
times the square power of Cu +). This disporpodionation will be perfect. On the other
hand, if Cu + is kept very low (as in a slightly soluble substance or in a complex ions)
Cu2 + is very small and copper (I) becomes stable (Petrucci, 1987: 350)
Copper (Cu) is a soft, malleable and clay pink metal. Copper melts at 10380C.
because the standard electrode potential is positive (+0.34 V for the Cu / Cu2 + pair),
temaag does not dissolve in hydrochloric acid and dilute solic acid, although in the
presence of oxygen it can dissolve slightly. The concentrated nitric acid (8M) easily
dissolves copper. (svehla, 1990: 229)
Copper forms compounds with oxidation states +1 and +2, but only copper (II)
is stable and dominates in the solution. In water, almost all copper (II) salts are blue
because of the complex ion color of six [Cu (H2O) 6] 2+ ions. Reaction of Cu2 + with
OH- at concentrations depends on the method. The addition of hydroxide ions to copper
(II) sulfate (0.1 - 0.5 M) solution in drops at a rate of 1 ml / min caused the deposition
of light blue white gelatin from copper (II) sulfate hydroxide salts, not Cu (OH) deposits
) 2 (Sugiarto, 2003: 569)
Copper compounds are diamagnetic. Hard superficial oxidized copper in the air
sometimes produces a green color layer of carbonate hydroxide and hydroxide sulfate
and SO2, in the atmosphere copper easily dissolves in nitric acid and sulfuric acid in
the presence of oxygen. The relative stability of Kepro and Kepri is interpreted by the
potential Cu * = 0.52 V and Cu + = 0.153 V. Relative Stability depends on sulfate
anions and ligands which are quite diverse with the solvent / physical properties of
neighboring atoms in the Crystal. Dissolution of copper hydroxide carbonate and so on
in the acid produced bluish green aquo written [Cu (H2O) 6] 2+. Among its various
 hydrate crystals is the most common blue sulfate CuSO4.H2O. CuSO4.H2O can be
hydrated into white anhydrous substances. The addition of ligands causes complex by
sequential exchange of water molecules (Syukri, 1999: 321).
C. Materials and Tool
The materials that we need are CuSO4.5H2O crystals, concentrated ammonia,
ethyl alcohol 96%. Meanwhile The tools that we need are measuring cup, beaker, 1 set
of vacuum pump, filter paper, small test tubes, buchner heaters, large reaction tubes.
D. Work Procedure
1. Making of the complex salt tetraaminecopper (II) sulfate
The first, we weighed 1,25 gram of CuSO4.5H2O then it is dissolved in 2,5
mL H2O in the beaker glass. Second, we add 12,5 mL NH3 10% and stir. Third, we
add 2 ml ethyl alcohol slowly in the wall of test tube, so the solution is covered by
alcohol. do not stir and shake. Cover with a watch glass and let it settle completely.
let stand or store in the refrigerator overnight to form crystals. Fourth, separate the
crystal with separation, wash the crystal with 2 ml mixture of concentrated ammonia
with ethyl alcohol (1:1). Fifth, Dry the crystal in the oven until the content lost
(about 15 minutes). Weighed the dry crystal that produced and determine how many
moles of ammonia are used and calculate the yield obtained.
2. Learn the characteristic of complex salt tetraaminecopper (II) sulfate
First, we dissolved the result experiment in 5 mL H2O and observed the
colour. Dilute it with 20 mL H2O and write the changes of the colour. Then, put the
produce of the dry salt in the test tube and heat slowly. Write the changes of the
colour, what gas is released.
3. Characterization
Take a little salt of the experimental results then dissolved in distilled water and
measured its conductivity. On the other hand, take a little salt and see the crystal
shape with a microscope
E. Observation Data
1. the color of the starting solution
CuSO4 : Blue
NH3 : Colorless
2. The changes that occur after both of solution is heated
The solution change to be blu
3. The changes that occur after added alcohol
 Form 2 layer, the upper solution is colorless, ang the bottom solution is blue.
4. The changes that occur after filtration
There is blue crystal. The mass of the crystal is 0,3674 gram
5. The changes that occur after the salt is dissolved in
- Little water :
- Water excess :
6. The changes that occur after the salt is heated
7. The reactions that occur :

F. Discussion
The purpose of this practicum is to find out how to make tetraaminecopper (II)
sulfate. How it works is to weigh 1,25 grams of CuSO4.5H2O and dissolve it in 2,5 ml
H2O, then add ammonia and stir until homogeneous, Stirring to speed up the reaction
due to the greater kinetic energy. In making this salt, the ammonia solution functions
as a ligand provider, with CuSO4.5H2O crystals serving as the central atomic provider.
NH3 ligands demand water ligands from CuSO4.5H2O so that the color meets the
needs of blue. Then also add 2 ml of 96% alcohol little by little, The addition of ethanol
aims to trigger the formation of deposits. then let stand for a while, The solution is
allowed to stand for several days to form crystals. After that the solution is cooled aims
to reduce the temperature so that the solubility is reduced and the sediment is formed.
The solution is then filtered with filter paper and the crystals from the filter are washed
again using concentrated ammonia and alcohol. The function of alcohol is to prevent
the occurrence of evaporation in ammonia, because if the ammonia evaporates, the
ligands will be depleted because ammonia is a ligand provider. The precipitate formed
is filtered and then dried to evaporate the remaining filtrate to obtain a tetraaminecopper
(II) Sulfate Crystal, drying to evaporate the solvent so that dry crystals are obtained
without containing water. then weighed, and according to observations the crystalline
precipitate formed was 0.3674 grams. After observed by microcrop, it is known that
tetraaminecopper (II) sulfate are turbid blue, and rough. The resulting crystals are quite
small. Some errors that might occur are in the addition of reagents or in the weighing
of crystals, after being coated with alcohol solution shaking, imperfect stirring,
excessive drying.

G. Conclusion
 Diketahui :
Massa Cu(NH3)4SO4.6H2O = 0,367 gram
BM CuSO4.5H2O = 249,54 g/mol
BM Cu(NH3)4SO4.6H2O = 317,79 g/mol
V NH3 10% = 6,25 mL
Ditanya : % rendemen...?
Penyelesaian :
Mol CuSO4.5H2O = 1,25 g / 249,54 g/mol = 0,005 mol
Mol Cu(NH3)4SO4.6H2O = 0,367 g / 321,54 g/mol = 0,00115 mol
CuSO4.5 H2O + 4NH3 → Cu(NH3)4SO4.5H2O
m: 0,025 mol 0,015 mol -
r : 0,025 mol 0,1 mol 0,025 mol
s : - 0,05 mol 0,025 mol
MassaCu(NH3)4SO4.6H2O = molCu(NH3)4SO4.6H2O x BMCu(NH3)4SO4.6H2O
= 0,025 mol x 321,54 g/mol = 8,038 gram
% rendemen = (3, 66 gram / 8,038 gram) x 100 % = 45,53 %

Diketahui :
Massa Cu(NH3)4SO4.6H2O = 3,66 gram
BM CuSO4.5H2O = 249,54 g/mol
BM Cu(NH3)4SO4.6H2O = 321,54 g/mol
V NH3 15 N = 10 mL
Ditanya : % rendemen...?
Penyelesaian :
Mol CuSO4.5H2O = 6,25 g / 249,54 g/mol = 0,025 mol
Mol Cu(NH3)4SO4.6H2O = 6,25 g / 321,54 g/mol = 0,015 mol
CuSO4.5 H2O + 4NH3 → Cu(NH3)4SO4.6H2O
m : 0,025 mol 0,015 mol -
r : 0,025 mol 0,1 mol 0,025 mol
s : - 0,05 mol 0,025 mol
MassaCu(NH3)4SO4.6H2O = molCu(NH3)4SO4.6H2O x BMCu(NH3)4SO4.6H2O
= 0,025 mol x 321,54 g/mol = 8,038 gram
% rendemen = (3, 66 gram / 8,038 gram) x 100 %= 45,53 %