English Grammar: 16 Tenses, Rumus dan Contoh Kalimat – Part 1

Tenses adalah metode berbasis kata kerja yang digunakan untuk menunjukkan waktu , dan kadang-kadang
kelanjutan atau kelengkapan , dari suatu tindakan atau keadaan berkaitan dengan waktu berbicara. Jadi konsep
tenses merupakan sebuah metode yang biasa digunakan untuk merujuk pada waktu – masa lalu (past), sekarang
(present), dan masa depan (future)
Berikut ini penjelasan singkat 16 Tenses, Rumus dan Contoh Kalimat :
PRESENT TENSE
⦁ SIMPLE PRESENT TENSE
Tenses ini digunakan untuk menunjukkan sesuatu yang tetap, kebiasaan atau kebenaran esensial yang terjadi
dimasa sekarang (PRESENT).
RUMUS
(+) Subject (S) (I, You, They, We ) + Verb 1
Subject (S) (He, She, It) + Verb 1 (s/es)
(-) Subject (S) (I, You, They, We ) + do + not + Verb 1
Subject (S) (He, She, It) + Does + not + Verb 1
(?) Do + Subject (S) (I, You, They, We ) + Verb 1?
Does + Subject (S) (He, She, It) + Verb 1?
Contoh:
(+) He studies English everynight.
(-) He does not study English everynight.
(?) Does he study English everynight?
⦁ PRESENT CONTINUOUS TENSE
Tenses ini digunakan untuk menyatakan suatu tindakan yang benar-benar sedang dilakukan saat ini atau sedang
berlangsung.
RUMUS
(+) Subject (S) (I, You, They, We ) + to be (am/are) + Verb 1-ing
Subject (S) (He, She, It) + to be (is) + Verb 1-ing
(-) Subject (S) (I, You, They, We ) + to be (am/are) + not + Verb 1-ing
Subject (S) (He, She, It) + to be (is) + not + Verb 1-ing
(?) To be (am/are) + Subject (S) (I, You, They, We ) + Verb 1-ing ?
To be (is) + Subject (S) (He, She, It) + Verb 1-ing ?
Contoh:
(+) She is eating a cake
(-) She is not eating a cake
(?) Is she eating a cake?
⦁ PRESENT PERFECT TENSE
Tenses ini digunakan untuk menceritakan suatu pengalaman baik itu yang sudah pernah terjadi atau belum
pernah terjadi.
RUMUS
(+) Subject (S) (I, You, They, We ) + have + Verb 3
Subject (S) (He, She, It) + has + Verb 3
(-) Subject (S) (I, You, They, We ) + have + not + Verb 3
Subject (S) (He, She, It) + has + not + Verb 3
(?) Have + Subject (S) (I, You, They, We ) + Verb 3?
Has + Subject (S) (He, She, It) + Verb 3?
Contoh:
(+) I have finished my homework
(-) I have not finished my homework
(?) Have I finished my homework?
⦁ PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS TENSE
Present Perfect Continuous Tense digunakan untuk menunjukkan bahwa sesuatu yang dimulai di masa lalu dan
terus dilakukan sampai sekarang .
RUMUS
(+) Subject (S) (I, You, They, We ) + have + been + Verb-ing
Subject (S) (He, She, It) + has + been + Verb-ing
(-) Subject (S) (I, You, They, We ) + have + not + been + Verb-ing
Subject (S) (He, She, It) + has + not + been + Verb-ing
(?) Have + Subject (S) (I, You, They, We ) + been + Verb-ing?
Has + Subject (S) (He, She, It) + been + Verb-ing?
Contoh:
(+) Sean have been sleeping for 3 hours
(-) Sean have not been sleeping for 3 hours
(?) Have Sean been sleeping for 3 hours?
PAST TENSE
⦁ SIMPLE PAST TENSE
Simple Past digunakan untuk menyatan fakta atau kejadian yang terjadi di masa lampau. Masa lampau bisa
berarti 5 menit yang lalu, sejam yang lalu, sehari yang lalu, dst. Kata kerja yang digunakan adalah kata kerja
bentuk kedua, bisa berupa regular verbs atau irregular verbs.
RUMUS
(+) Subject (S) (I, You, They, We, He, She, It ) + Verb 2
(-) Subject (S) (I, You, They, We, He, She, It ) + did + not + Verb 1
(?) Did + Subject (S) (I, You, They, We, He, She, It ) + Verb 1?
Contoh:
(+) They played basketball lastnight.
(-) They did not play basketball lastnight.
(?) Did they play basketball lastnight?
Penjelasan lebih lengkap tentang Simple Past Tense klik disini.
⦁ PAST CONTINUOUS TENSE
Past Continuous Tense digunakan untuk menyatakan ketika kita berada di tengah-tengah kejadian atau
melakukan sesuatu pada saat tertentu di masa lalu.
RUMUS
(+) Subject (S) (You, They, We ) + to be (were) + Verb 1-ing
Subject (S) (I, He, She, It) + to be (was) + Verb 1-ing
(-) Subject (S) (You, They, We ) + to be (were) + not + Verb 1-ing
Subject (S) (I, He, She, It) + to be (was) + not + Verb 1-ing
(?) To be (were) + Subject (S) (You, They, We ) + Verb 1-ing ?
To be (was) + Subject (S) (I,He, She, It) + Verb 1-ing ?
Contoh:
(+) Chef Billy was cooking a fried rice.
(-) Chef Billy was not cooking a fried rice.
(?) Was Chef Billy cooking a f ried rice?
Penjelasan lebih lengkap tentang Past Continuous Tense klik disini.
⦁ PAST PERFECT TENSE
The Past Perfect menyatakan ide bahwa sesuatu yang terjadi sebelum tindakan lain di masa lalu terjadi . Hal ini
juga dapat menunjukkan bahwa sesuatu terjadi sebelum waktu tertentu di masa lalu.
RUMUS
(+) Subject (S) (I, You, They, We, He, She, It)+ had + Verb 3
(-) Subject (S) (I, You, They, We, He, She, It) + had + not + Verb 3
(?) Had + Subject (S) (I, You, They, We, He, She, It) + Verb 3?
Contoh:
(+) We had arrived at the school.
(-) We had not arrived at the school
(?) Had we arrived at the school?
⦁ PAST PERFECT CONTINUOUS TENSE
Present Perfect Continuous Tense digunakan untuk menunjukkan bahwa sesuatu yang dimulai di masa lalu dan
terus sampai waktu lain di masa lalu.
RUMUS
(+) Subject (S) (I, You, They, We, He, She, It) + had + been + Verb-ing
(-) Subject (S) (I, You, They, We, He, She, It) + had + not + been + Verb-ing
(?) Had + Subject (S) (I, You, They, We, He, She, It) + been + Verb-ing?
Contoh:
(+) Lea and Bob had been working together since 1990.
(-) Lea and Bob had not been working together since 1990.
(?) Had Lea and Bob been working together since 1990?