Professional Documents
Culture Documents
M I L Ms Tonic Gwapa
M I L Ms Tonic Gwapa
A. Definition
Text Information - a non writing written with intention of informing the reader about a specific topic.
Types - brochure, magazines, textbooks and instruction manual, newspaper articles, encyclopedia
D. Advantages
Availability - printed materials are already available on a variety of topics and in many different formats
Flexibility - they are adjustable to many purposes and maybe used in any lighted environment
Portability - they're easily transported to another place with out the aid of machine or electricity
E. Limitations
The most obvious drawback of text as a knowledge building and communication tool is that it lacks the
- A transcript may accurately record the spoken words, but the strategic and emotive qualities and
F. Value
New Information - Informational text contributes readers understandings of a wide range of topics
Varying Formats - reading informational text provides students exposure to content presented. This
Analytical Thinking - reading information in presentations other than narrative reauires that readers
Motivation- kids wants to know the how and why behind things. That's why informational text is
necessary as it feed kids one by one information to what is happening around then
G. How text information and media is/are formally and informally produced, organized and
disseminated.
. Text is very powerful as well in disseminating information, providing direction and giving suggestions.
Text is available in different sources whether it is formal (news articles, published books, newspapers,
magazines, advertisements, research works, etc.) or informal (blogs, personal e-mails, SMS or text
Formal text-based materials are created and distributed by established institutions (such as publishing
companies, news agencies, etc.) and go through a rigorous process of editing or evaluation and are
• Informal text-based materials, on the other hand, come from personal opinions or views on different
H. Text as Visual
Typeface also called font, font type, or type) refers to the representation or style of a text in the digital
format.
A typeface is usually comprised of alphabets, numbers, punctuation marks, symbols and other special
characters. When fonts are installed in the computer, they usually come in file formats such as True
In the absence of images or drawings, text is the easiest way of communicating to your audience. The
It should be fresh
The news should involve well-known person in the public eye ,Time publication
J. Design Principle and Elements
Emphasis - refers to the importance or value given to a part of the text base
make a point or highlighting a message, you can make the text bold, italicized
have a heavier weight, darkened or lightened (depending on your background color) or enlarged.
Appropriateness - refers to how fitting or suitable the text is used for a specific audience, purpose or
event. In the creation of text-based content, make sure that the selection criteria (tone, style, purpose,
clarity) is followed. As for the choice of typefaces to be used, refer to the discussion
characteristics of the fonts. When it comes to large body text, the font should be clear enough to read.
Proximity - refers to how near or how far are the text elements from each other. When two things are
closely related, we bring them close together. Otherwise, we put text elements far from each other. For
example, the main title and subtitle are usually placed close to each other.
Alignment - refers to how the text is positioned in the page. This can be left, right, center or justified.
Organization - refers to a conscious effort to organize the different text elements in a page. Organization
ensures that while some text elements are separated from each other (based on the principle of
proximity), they are still somehow connected with the rest of the elements in the page. When there are
many elements needed to fit in a page, start by creating a framework or a compartment for the
elements. Divide the space by creating lines across the page, making it look like a cabinet with various
space sizes. Once you are done compartmentalizing, you can place the different text elements on the
boxes.
Repetition-concerns consistency of elements and the unity of the entire design. Repetition encourages
the use of repeating some typefaces within the page. When several typefaces are used on a page. It
might distract the audience and fail to communicate what you want them to get from the content. To
strike a balance, do not also use just a single typeface for a visual design product.
Contrast creates visual interest to text elements. Contrast is achieved when two elements are different
from each other. When you place a white text on a very light yellow background, contrast is not
achieved and the text will be difficult to read, but when you put a white text on a dark brown
background, contrast is created. Contrast can be achieved in various ways, by joining the following
elements: large font with a small font, serif and sans serif, thin elements with thin elements, cool color
and warm color. Ask the learners if they have questions or if they need any clarifications on the concepts
students use to formulate new information to aid learning through the use, analysis, evaluation and
B. Types of visual media - photography, video screenshots, infographics, data visualization (charts
and graphs), comic strips/cartoons, memes, visual note-taking, etc. (Give examples of each type and
C. Formally and informally produced visual media - visual media produced by formal organizations
such as schools, government, and established media/publishing outfits are considered formally
D. Purpose of visual information - the primary purpose of visual information is to gain attention,
create meaning, and facilitate retention. (Show at least one example for each purpose and ask learners
E. Visual design elements - the building blocks or basic units in the construction of a visual image.
(Show visual media and information that incorporates most of the design elements. Point out why these
Line - describes a shape or outline. It can create texture and can be thick or thin. Lines may be actual,
Shape - usually a geometric area that stands out from the space next to or around it, or because of
Value - the degree of light and dark in a design. It is the contrast between black and white and all the
tones in between Value can be used with color as well as black and white. Contrast is the extreme
Texture - the way a surface feels or is perceived to feel. Texture can be added to attract or repel interest
to a visual element. Visual texture is the illusion of the surfaces peaks and valleys, resulting in a feeling
Color -- determined by its hue (name of color), intensity (purity of the hue), and value (lightness or
darkness of hue). Color and color combination can play a large role in the design. Color may be used for
emphasis, or may elicit emotions from viewers. Color maybe warm, cool, or neutral. It plays a major role
in our visual perception, as it influences our reactions about the world around us. It is therefore
important to create color palettes that evoke the appropriate audience reactions. Color has three
properties.
the use of light and shading. Form can be viewed from many angles
live or recorded audio sent through radio waves to reach a wide audience.
Music - vocal and/or instrumental sounds combined in such a way as to produce beauty of form,
harmony, and expression of emotion. It is composed and performed for many purposes, ranging from
Sound recording - recording of an interview, meeting, or any sound from the environment.
Sound clips/effects - any sound, other than music or speech, artificially reproduced to create an effect in
Audio Podcast - a digital audio or video file or recording usually part of a themed series, that can be
CD-a plastic-fabricated, circular medium for recording, storing, and playing back audio, video, and
computer data.
USB drive - an external flash drive, small enough to carry on a key ring, that can be used with any
Memory Card - (aka flash memory card or storage card) is a small storage medium used to store data
such as text, pictures, audio, and video, for use on small, portable, or remote computing devices.
Computer hard drive - Secondary storage devices for storing audio files.
Internet/Cloud - websites or file repositories for retrieving audio files, and more precisely the files are
MP3 (MPEG Audio Layer 3) - a common format for consumer audio, as well as a standard of digital audio
compression for the transfer and playback of music on most digital audio players.
M4A/AAC (MPEG-4 Audio/Advanced Audio Coding) - an audio coding standard for lossy digital audio
compression. Designed to be the successor of the MP3 format, AAC generally achieves better sound
WAV - is a Microsoft audio file format standard for storing an audio bitstream on PCs. It has become a
WMA (Windows Media Audio) - is an audio data compression technology developed by Microsoft and
D. Hearing vs Listening
All the attention of the learners and have them be quiet to listen to the short audio clip (Note: This
Ask the learners whether they heard the audio or listened to the audio ("Did you hear the audio or did
Sound clips/effects - any sound, other than music or speech, artificially reproduced to create an effect in
Audio Podcast - a digital audio or video file or recording usually part of a themed series, that can be
CD-a plastic-fabricated, circular medium for recording, storing, and playing back audio, video, and
computer data.
USB drive - an external flash drive, small enough to carry on a key ring, that can be used with any
V-Fade - First element fades to inaudible before the second element begins
A. In motion media:
Picture of is a frame and that motion is created by rendering or showing consecutively several frames
per second.
24 frames (pictures) or more per second makes for a smooth animation, videos, film, slides also make
use of frames
series of graphics or images follow up a sequence to create a story. This sequence is often called a
storyboard which shows a set of components (audio, visual, videos, etc.) changing in time to create a
story or a message.
B. Motion media can be produced formally and informally. Informally produced motion media are
created by Individuals often for personal use. Formally produced motion media are created by
professionals who follow industry standards in creating, editing and producing motion media. Formal
C. Videos are produced in the same manner except that instead of drawing the scenes they are acted
out and shot. Once the scenes have been shot, all clips are edited and put together in a final product.
D. According to Format
video formats/Video Codecs - motion media use large resources. Codecs compresses and
decompresses video files. Examples are H.26N series, Quicktime, DivX, MPG, MP4
H. In some of these, media convergence can be observed with one artefact falling into several
categories.
a. Online shopping - compare prices, compare features of similar items; add to cart; choose
payment type; track delivery; get advice from experts; search products; check local availability; get
product recommendations.
b. Online gaming - choose a game; play with computer; play with others; choose a level, in-game
customization, etc.
c Online classes - interact with content; interact with instructors; interact with classmates.
e. News and information - exchange information; give reaction; news on demand; monitor views.
f. Videos - choose your own adventure; get multimedia content; experience game elements.
a. Click on images
b. Hotspot - a special region to act as a trigger to another web page. The hotspot could be a circle,
C. Rollover - an image or portion of an image that changes in appearance when the mouse cursor
f. Numbers/processes the number of clicks and the time spent in an interactive function provide
data points
B. Slideshow-non-linear interactive slideshow where the pathway through the show is determined
I. Flip cards - a card that when clicked flips to display a description and other information
a. Interactive television - also known as ITV or TV. A form of media convergence, adding data
services to traditional television technology. Throughout its history, these have included on-demand
delivery of content, as well as new uses such as online shopping, banking, and so forth. ITV enables the
viewer to issue commands and give feedback information through an electronic device called a setup
box. The viewer can select which program or movie to watch, at what time, and can place orders in
response to commercials. New setup boxes also allow access to email and e-commerce applications via
internet
b. Allow viewers to participate in games shows - viewers compete with on-screen contestants.
In the past, people used a single, unique medium when presenting information: As discussed in
the first part of the course, people used the human voice as a type of medium until writing was
discovered. Over the years, it has been established that information can be expressed through text,
speech, sound, graphics or images, animation, and video. A combination of these media sources is
considered multimedia. Dave Marshall defines multimedia as "the field concerned with the computer-
controlled integration of text, graphics, drawings, still and moving images (video), animation, audio, and
any other media where every type of information can be represented, stored, transmitted and
processed digitally." While traditional or analog media still co-exist with computer-controlled media,
Savage and Vogel (2009) assert that the contemporary definition of multimedia is mostly in the digital
form. Moreover, both trending and emerging forms of multimedia are described as ubiquitous,
Text Information - it is written or printed which tend to give or share ideas and information
Visual Information - visual resources are one of a kind, while others are reproduced (like prints or
Audio Information - this is a narration track that aids blind and/or visually impaired consumers of visual
media.
Motion Information - this is the use of moving texts, images, or graphics on display to give information.
Manipulative information - This refers to the materials programs, application and the like that people
use in order to come up with a new information and to aid learning through the use of analysis,
Multimedia Information - a combination of different media format such as text, graphics, drawing,
C. Advantages
D. Disadvantages
Complex to create
Time consuming
Use of multimedia is expensive, video files can be large and a long download time
Sometimes diverts students attention to the pictures, sounds or relevant materials presented in
multimedia
E. Selection Criteria
Alignment
Base line
Proximity
White space
Contrast
Typography
Color
Balance
Text
Graphics
Animation
Audio
Video