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____________________

A Thesis

Presented to the Faculty of the

College of Law

University of Cebu-Banilad

Cebu City, Philippines

____________________

In Partial Fulfilment

of the Requirements for the

Degree of Juris Doctor

by:

NAME NAME NAME NAME NAME

October 2018
 APPROVAL SHEET

IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT of the requirements for the Degree of Juris

Doctor, this thesis entitled “THE FAMILY-OWNED REAL ESTATE BUSINESS:
CHALLENGES FOR SUSTAINABILITY”, prepared and submitted by Crisanto A.
Caloscos has been examined, accepted and approved for Oral Examination.

JOSH CAROL VENTURA, LL.B.

Adviser

ACCEPTED AS partialfulfillment of the requirements for the Degree of Juris

Doctor.
BALDOMERO C. ESTENZO, LLB., CPA
Dean, College of Law

APPROVED by the tribunal on Oral Examination with the grade of PASSED.

ROSE-LIZA EISMA-OSORIO, LLB

Adviser

JUDY ANN O. FERRATER, D.B.A. ANNIE U. TAN, Ll.B.

Member Member

Censor Content Expert

Date :
 ACKNOWLEDGMENT

This study would not have been successful without the help and

support of the following persons who become my inspiration in writing this

thesis. It is my greatest pleasure that I may be able to extend my heartfelt

thanks to the following:

To Juana dela Cruz, my heartfelt thanks.

 DEDICATION

This research endeavour is dedicated to the students, management and

staff of the University of Cebu-Banilad

 TABLE OF CONTENTS

PAGE

Approval Sheet i

Acknowledgment ii

Dedication iii

Abstract iv

CHAPTER

1 THE PROBLEM AND ITS SCOPE 1

INTRODUCTION 1

Rationale of the Study 1

Background of the Study 4

THE PROBLEM 16

Statement of the Problem 16

Thesis Statement 17

Scope and Limitations

Significance of the Study 18

Theoretical Framework

Conceptual Framework

DEFINITION OF TERMS

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY 21
 Research Design 21

Research Environment 28

Data Sources

Research Respondents 29

Research Instrument 30

Dry Run Procedures 34

Research Procedure 35

Data Gathering

Data Analysis 25

DEFINITION OF TERMS 27

REFERENCES

APPENDICES

A - Transmittal Letter

B- Research Instrument

B- Location Map

C- Reliability Result

CURRICULUM VITAE
 LIST OF TABLES AND FIGURES

TABLE Description Page No.

1 Research Subjects 24

2 Psychometric Examination Results 31

3 Academic Performance 33

4 Results on the Significant Relationship Between the 34

Psychometric Examination Results and

Academic Performance

FIGURE

1 Research Flow 21
 ABSTRACT

Title
Juan dela Cruz
Email
Orcid No.

 Note: Abstract should be single-spaced and no more than 300 words.

 The first paragraph reflects the introduction, main problem and the
proposed/enhanced output.
 The 2nd paragraph is the methodology. It contains the following:
research design; number or respondents/subjects/informant; sampling
design;research environment;instrument; treatment of data
 The 3rd paragraphpresents the findings and conclusion
 The findings are direct answers to the sub-problems while the conclusion
answers the main problem. Abstract shall not include recommendations

Generally, various acts of citizenship exhibited by workers influence

the success of an organization. The study assessed the extent of
manifestation of the various dimensions of the organizational citizenship
behaviour and its antecedents in Pages Holdings, Inc. (PHI) for crafting an
intervention scheme. This study was done because majority of the
employees in PHI exhibit complacency in accomplishing their tasks. This
study utilized the descriptive survey method. Researcher-made questionnaire
was used for data gathering. Statistical treatments used for data analysis
were percentages, weighted mean and Fisher’s T-test of difference. The
respondents were the regular management staff and the rank-and-file
employees of the companies under PHI. Considering the findings, the study
concludes that organizational citizenship behaviour is necessary for the
sustainability and the good functioning of PHI. The presence of employees
who willingly do things that beyond their respective job descriptions
indicates that the PHI workers are motivated to perform well by exerting
efforts above and beyond the formal work requirements. In spite of these
positive results, the PHI management needs to revisit certain aspects of its
operating policies and mandate to sustain the willingness of their workers to
engage in OCB.

Keywords: Social Science, organizational citizenship behavior, Pages

Holdings, Inc., descriptive design, Cebu City, Philippines
 CHAPTER 1

THE PROBLEM AND ITS SCOPE

INTRODUCTION

Note: A striking statement or a general knowledge about the topic, gives the overview of
the chosen study/topic
 Explains the reason/ for choosing the research topic; creates the need for the
study
 What has been done before and how the study differs; gap in the literature
 Statistics or prevailing situationer
 Justification on the necessity to conduct the study/investigation

Rationale of the Study

Academic success is important because it is strongly linked to the

positive outcomes we value. Adults ……………… 1

The foremost goal of the university is to produce globally competitive

graduates. For the College of Business and Accountancy, one .........

According to UNESCO (2015), there is a declining rate on the ……2

In the Philippines, the performance of the students on …………….3

1 Regier, J. (2011) . Why is academic success important? 2011 Applied Science and Technology
Scholarship. Retrieved from https://goo.gl/vD3ztD. Retrieved on May 22, 2014.
2
United Nations Educational, Scientific and cultural Organization. (2015). Education for all
2000-2015: Achievements and challenges. EFA Global Monitoring Report. Retrieved
from https://goo.gl/x1xDhc.
3
Barlongo, C.J. (2015). Reforms in the Philippine education system: The K to 12 program,
Business Mirror. Retrieved from https://goo.gl/6tWr2W.
 Based on the data from the Office of the Registrar, there is only 10%

to 15 % of those students who take the accountancy program who can

actually graduate, a figure consistent with the other………..

Thus, this study is undertaken to determine the ................ The

findings will be used as a basis for a proposed program level intervention

plan so that the students taking up the accountancy program are prepared to

take the board exam and pass the same.

Background of the Study

 Provide literature on the underlying circumstantial background of the

study
 THE PROBLEM (Separate page)

 Note: State the main and specific problems

 State the possibility for a significant difference and/or significant relationship

among variables

Statement of the Problem (for quantitative studies) or

Objectives of the Study (for experimental studies and qualitative studies)

This study determines the psychometric examination results and

academic performance of the Accountancy students of the University. The

findings of which served as basis for a proposed program level intervention

plan.

Specifically, this study seeks to address the following sub-questions:

1. What is the psychometric examination results of the student

in terms of:

1.1.intelligince quotient;

1.2. abstract reasoning;

1.3. arithmetic ability; and

1.4 language comprehension?

2. What is the academic performance of the

students………………………?

3. Is there a significant………………. Between the ………..?

 4. Based on the findings of the study, what ____________________

may be proposed?

Thesis Statement

 Discuss the statement of assumption on what this study intends to prove

Scope and Limitations

Significance of the Study (Separate page)

Note: Explains who will be the beneficiaries of the study and how they will benefit/gain

the various stakeholders of the study

 Mentions who are to benefit from the study and how each may be benefited

 Discusses the value of the study to individual, groups, institutions and to the

discipline

The outcome of the study will be beneficial to the following stakeholders:

Accountancy Students. The accountancy students of the University

of Cebu-Banilad will stand to benefit from this study. They will be ……..

College of Business and Accountancy. The college will be

Commission in Higher Education (CHED).

Researcher.

Future Researchers.
Theoretical Framework (Separate page)

Note: Main theory to which the study is anchored

 Supporting theories used

 May show the original theoretical model

This study is anchored on the triarchic theory of intelligence by Robert

Sternberg’s. This theory is a cognitive process approach to understanding

intelligence. In this theory, Sternberg identified three types of abilities such

as analytic, creative, and practical 4.

Another theory on intelligence is the Horn-Cattel’s Two-Factor Theory

which identified two intelligence factors……..5.

Charles Spearman's Model of Intelligence Theory explained that all tests

of mental ability are positively correlated. Spearman discovered that people

who score high on IQ or mental ability tests usually.6

There are various theories of intelligence postulated by psychologists to

determine the relative development of intelligence especially of children

4
Zulueta, F. & Paraso, M. (2004). General psychological. Mandaluyong: National Book
Store.

5
Schretlen, D., et al. (2000). Elucidating the contributions of processing speed, executive
ability, and frontal lobe volume to normal age-related differences in fluid
intelligence. Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society, 6, 52-6.

6
Murphy, P.K., & Alexander , P.A. (2000). A motivated exploration of motivation
terminology. Contemporary Educational Psychology, 25, 3
according to test graded with reference to the ability of the normal child.

Those theories explain the meaning and dimensions of intelligence.

Conceptual Framework

Knowledge capture and / or Knowledge sharing and

creation dissemination

Knowledge acquisition
and application
 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY (separate page)

Note: This introductory paragraph species and justifies the type of research
used. The research process or flow of research may be presented here in a
schematic diagram.
 Discuss the research design in relation to the main problem
 Show the figure of the Flow of the Study

Research Design

This study utilizes ________________ research design in determining

the ……….

INPUT PROCESS OUTPUT

(Indicate the variables as in

 Research
the problem statement
Design
 Data
Gathering Proposed
 Data __________
Processing
 Analysis and
Interpretation
of Data

Figure 2: Research Flow

Research Environment (describes the setting of the study)

 Describes the locale/venue of the research

 Includes the map if necessary or the map will be put in the appendix

This study was conducted at ____________________. It is

.........................

Research Subjects/Respondents/Informants/Participants

Note: Describes the total population , sampling tehcnique used, sampling

size determination, and characteristics of the sample

 Use the term research subjects if its experimental study

 Use the term research respondents if they are answering a tool

 Use the term research informants if they are interviewed

 Use the term participants if they are subjects and respondents in the study

 Explains the sampling procedure used

 Specifies the number of respondents involved which may be presented in a

table

 Describes the type and characteristics of the respondents

Research Instrument

 Describes the tool/questionnaire/ interview guide utilized

 Mentions the research instrument (s) tools for gathering data

 Describes the type and characteristics of the respondents

Research Procedures (Include the Gathering of Data and Treatment of Data)

Note: For the Gathering of Data, discuss step by step how data was

gathered starting gathered starting from the approval of the study by the

institution until the retrieval of the instrument from respondents.

 For the Treatment of Data/Data Analysis, enumerate and describe

the statistical tools used. No need to show formula.

 State if data was manually computed or has used a statistical

software.

 For qualitative data, describe how the answers or informants during

the interview were collapsed into themes.

 DEFINITION OF TERMS

Notes: (Separate page)

 Alphabetically arranged the concepts, keywords and terms used in
the study
 Operationally defined or how terms were used in the study
 Taken from the title, main problem and specific problems
 CHAPTER 2

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

 Literature on the variables of the study

 Local, national, and international studies
 No one-sentence paragraph

In the conduct of the study, the researchers took into account other

related researches, especially those that were concerned with psychometric

and psychological examinations and their relevance to the academic

performance of the students.

Villegas and Tan (2012)7 conducted a study on the achievement test

and their relevance to examination (discuss the objective, methodology,

results/findings, conclusion).

7
Villegas, M. C. L., & Tan, R. D. (2012). Achievement tests and their relevance to
examination performance of nursing graduates. IAMURE International Journal
Of Health Education, 1(1).
 CHAPTER 3

RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS

 Detailed findings consistent with the specific problems

 Findings should have implications lifted from the theoretical
background. Include the parenthetical citation
 Table should precede the description of the table
 Do not cut tables.
 Sequence of tables is congruent to the sequence of specific problems
 No graphs and pictures

This chapter presents, analyzes and interprets data on the...............

The data are presented in tabular form with corresponding analysis and

interpretation. The sources of data were the .........

There are _______ sections/parts presented in this chapter. The first

section presents the data on the………………. Section two shows the

………………..; while section three elucidates…………………………..

Section four reveals the results …………………………………………..

 Table 1

Students’ Academic Performance

Indicators

Academic Performance Frequency Percentage (%)

Very Good 5 8.93

Good 37 66.07

Fair 14 25.00

Total 56 100.00

The data on the _______________ are shown in table 1. It shows that

.................
 CHAPTER III

SUMMARY, FINDINGS, CONCLUSION AND

RECOMMENDATIONS

SUMMARY OF FINDINGS (Separate page)

Note: Findings show the most dominant information per sub-problem

The foregoing is the summary of findings:

1. Majority of the accountancy students had average intelligence

(IQ)……. Further most of them had an average abstract reasoning ability…

2. Majority of the first year accountancy students had a good

academic performance… The findings also show that….

3. There was a significant relationship between both the ...........

 CONCLUSION (Separate page)

Note: Conclusion answers the main problem

From the findings, the researcher concluded that since there is a strong

relationship between .....................................................

 RECOMMENDATIONS (Separate Page)

Note: Recommendations are made by the researcher based on findings of

the study

In the context of the results of the study, the researchers recommended

the following:

1. That the action plan showing the intervention activity that

maybe implemented by the ……………………………..

2. That the academic administrators of UC-Banilad particularly

……………………

3. Strengthen the support circle for the students in th……….

4. That the action plan be cascaded to all other campuses of …

5. The following researches which are related to this …..

6. A replication of the present study to be made in other ……

7. A follow-up study on the effects of the proposed program

level intervention plan.

 OUTPUT OF THE STUDY

Note: Placed one page after the recommendation/s. Put it in a separate page

 It can be an action plan or those that can be immediately implemented

such as seminars, brochures and manuals.

 If it is an action plan, present it in tabular form. (landscape)

 REFERENCES (Separate page)

 Absolutely no internet sources.

 List down alphabetically with the following sub-headings:

 Books

 Journals

 Manuals

 Other sources

 Copyright of the reference materials should be 2000 to present

 At least 30 sources from books, journals and other sources

 Consistent use of APA (American Psychological Association)

format

Books

American Economic Development Council (AEDC) (1984).

Economic development today. Chicago: AEDC.

Bendavid-Val, A. (1991). Regional and local economic analysis for

practitioners (4th Ed.)New York: Praeger.

Glatte, T. (2013). Industrial production site selection. Renningen,

Germany: Expert Verlag

Holloway, J. C. & Taylor, N. (2006). The business of tourism. USA:

Pearson Education.

Leigh, N.G. & Blakely, E.J. (2017). Planning local economic

development: theory and practice. (6th Ed.). USA: Sage Publications.
Journals/ Periodicals/ Manuals

Calderon, K. D., & Nguyen, H.D. (2017). Sustainable dynamics: A

framework for creative collaborations for sustainable development in Bali,
Indonesia. JPAIR Multidisciplinary Research, Vol. 28, March 2017.
DOI:https//doi.org/10.7719/jpair.v28i1.500.

Romer, P.M. (1994). The origins of endogenous growth. The Journal

of Economic Perspectives, 8 (1); pp. 322. Doi:10.1257/jep.8.1.3.

Shaffer, R., Deller, S., & Marcouiller, D. (2006). Rethinking

community economic development. Economic Development Quarterly,
Volu. 20 No. 1, February 2006 59-74. DOI 10.1177/0891242405283106.
Sage Publications

Cases/ Jurisprudence

Amago V. Amistoso…..

Other Sources
 APPENDICES

 Put each document in a separate page

 A for transmittal letter (to persons and institutions).

 B for tool/interview guide.

 C is map or research environment.

 D is for others (e.g. MOA)

 E is the curriculum vitae of the researcher

CURRICULUM VITAE

 Contains the educational attainment (highlights highest educational

attainment).

 Work data if applicable

 Personal data or profile

 With 2x3 picture on the right upper hand corner; may be scanned

 Contact information like email address, home address and mobile

numbers

Other instructions:
1. Please prepare 5 copies during the final defense and fasten each copy in a

short folder.

2. Submit the copy to the panelist at least 1 week before the defense date.

This will give him/her time to evaluate

3. Respect the chain of command. Censor will evaluate first, then the panel

members, and then the chairman of the panel. Next will be the dean of the

department.

4. Submit 5 hard bound copies to the research teacher for grading. Submit

also 1 CD (CD Writeable) with the soft copy of the entire manuscript.

5. Research teachers are requested to submit the 5 hardbound copies and

CD to UCRO.