Hormigon Armado III

Civ 418

Tema I : Diseño de zapatas

Ejemplo 1.3 : Zapata Arriostrada

Prof Carlos Javier

Se requiere diseñar un zapata arriostrada segun los siguientes datos:
El sismo es considerado. use Cb = 0.15 (coeficiente de corte basal), en este caso
Columna A
Cargas Permanentes Cargas Variables Cargas Sismicas
Pcm = 30,000kg Pcm = 15,000kg Pcm = 8,000kg
Mx = 2,000kg-m Mx = 800kg-m Mx = 12,000kg-m
My = 1,500kg-m My = 300kg-m My = 6,000kg-m
Columna B
Cargas Permanentes Cargas Variables Cargas Sismicas
Pcm = 50,000kg Pcm = 20,000kg Pcm = 6,000kg
Mx = 2500kg-m Mx = 300kg-m Mx = 15,000kg-m
My = 1300kg-m My = 400kg-m My = 12,000kg-m

kg
qad ≔ 3.5 ⋅ ―― Cb ≔ 0.15
cm 2
H ≔ 1.50 ⋅ m c ≔ 40 ⋅ cm Li ≔ 6.70 m
kg kg kg
γ ≔ 1900 ⋅ ―― fy ≔ 4200 ⋅ ―― fc ≔ 210 ⋅ ―― λ ≔ 1.00
m3 cm 2 cm 2
Use Concreto Lijero

Columna A Columna B
Pacm ≔ 30 ⋅ ton Pbcm ≔ 50.0 ⋅ ton
Pacv ≔ 15.0 ⋅ ton Pbcv ≔ 20000 kg
Pasim ≔ 8.0 ⋅ ton Pbsim ≔ 6.0 ⋅ ton
Maxcm ≔ 2.0 ⋅ ton ⋅ m Mbxcm ≔ 2.5 ton ⋅ m
Maycm ≔ 1.50 ⋅ ton ⋅ m Mbycm ≔ 1.3 ⋅ ton ⋅ m
Maxcv ≔ 0.80 ⋅ ton ⋅ m Mbxcv ≔ 0.30 ⋅ ton ⋅ m
Maycv ≔ 0.30 ⋅ ton ⋅ m Mbycv ≔ 0.4 ⋅ ton ⋅ m
Maxs ≔ 12.0 ⋅ ton ⋅ m Mbxs ≔ 15.0 ton ⋅ m
Mays ≔ 6.0 ⋅ ton ⋅ m Mbys ≔ 12.0 ton ⋅ m

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Pi ≔ Pacm + Pacv + Pasim = 53 ton Pj ≔ Pbcm + Pbcv + Pbsim = 78.05 ton

Sumamos todos los momentos de la manera siguiente:

Mxai ≔ Maxcm + Maxcv + Maxs = 14.8 ton ⋅ m *
Mayi ≔ Maycm + Maycv + Mays = 7.8 ton ⋅ m
Mxaj ≔ Mbxcm + Mbxcv + Mbxs = 17.8 ton ⋅ m *
Mayi ≔ Mbycm + Mbycv + Mbys = 13.7 ton ⋅ m

1.- Calculo de las dimensiones requeridas

1.1 Dimensiones en planta

Zapata Z1 ( La zapata de la columna A)

Pi
Az1 ≔ ―― = 1.37 m 2 Considerando una zapata cuadrada
qad
A1 ≔ ‾‾‾‾
Az1 = 1.17 m *, dimension requerida

Tomamos entoces
A1 ≔ 1.20 ⋅ m B1 ≔ A1 AzapA ≔ A1 ⋅ A1 = 1.44 m 2 ha ≔ 1.5 ⋅ c

Zapata Z2 ( La zapata de la columna B )

Pj
Az2 ≔ ―― = 2.02 m 2 Considerando una zapata cuadrada
qad
A2 ≔ ‾‾‾‾
Az2 = 1.42 m *, dimension requerida

Usamos
A2 ≔ 1.45 ⋅ m B2 ≔ A2 hb ≔ 1.5 ⋅ c = 0.6 m AzapB ≔ A2 ⋅ A2 = 2.1 m 2

Verificacion del punzonado .

fc ≔ 210 kg/cm2 , concreto lijero λ ≔ 1.00
Vcr ≔ 0.53 ⋅ λ ⋅ ‾‾
fc = 7.68 kg/cm2

Zapata de la columna A
Area del bloque de punzonado
Abz ≔ 4 ⋅ 2 ⋅ c ⋅ ((ha - 7.5 ⋅ cm )) = 1.68 m 2 * , Esta es el area de las 4 caras del
bloque

El Factor de seguridad viene definido por:

((1.2 ⋅ Pacm + 1.6 ⋅ Pacv))
Fsϕ ≔ ―――――――― = 1.57
Pupz ≔ Fsϕ ⋅ Pi = 83.14 ton 0.85 ⋅ ((Pacm + Pacv))

Pupz kg
Vup ≔ ――= 4.49 ―― *, Esfuerzo maximo ultimo previsto de punzonado
Abz cm 2 cumple, Vup es menor que Vcr = 7.68kg/cm2

Zapata de la columna B

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Zapata de la columna B
Area del bloque de punzonado
Abz ≔ 4 ⋅ 2 ⋅ c ⋅ ((hb - 7.5 ⋅ cm )) = 1.68 m 2 * , Esta es el area de las 4 caras del
bloque
El Factor de seguridad viene definido por:
((1.2 ⋅ Pbcm + 1.6 ⋅ Pbcv))
Fsϕ ≔ ―――――――― = 1.56
Pupz ≔ Fsϕ ⋅ Pj = 121.42 ton 0.85 ⋅ ((Pbcm + Pbcv))

Pupz kg
Vup ≔ ――= 6.56 ―― * , Esfuerzo maximo ultimo previsto de punzonado
Abz cm 2 cumple, Vup es menor que Vcr = 7.68kg/cm2

2.- Determinacion de los esfuerzos efectivos en el suelo.

Veamos todas las cargas que actuan sobre la zapata y que no estan asociadas las de
la estructura.
a) Peso de todo el terreno por encima de la zapata . wt
b) Peso Propio de la zapata. wz

Zapata de la columna A
Profundidad H ≔ 1.50 ⋅ m
kg
Peso del terreno PsA PsA ≔ AzapA ⋅ ha ⋅ 2400 ⋅ ―― = 2.29 ton
m3
Peso del terreno por encima de la zapata PsuA ≔ AzapA ⋅ ((H - ha)) ⋅ γ = 2.71 ton
Carga total sobre la zapata

Pz ≔ Pi + PsA + PsuA = 58 ton

Pz kg
σ1 ≔ ――― = 3.65 ―― σ2 ≔ σ1 * , distribucion uniforme
AzapA cm 2
Como σ1 , es mayor que el qadm = 3.5kg/cm2 , aumentamos A1=1.50m

A1 ≔ 1.25 ⋅ m
Pz kg
AzapA ≔ A1 ⋅ A1 σ1 ≔ ――― = 3.37 ―― Menor que qadm , por lo que
AzapA cm 2 cumple !!!
Zapata de la columna B
Profundidad de la cimentacion H H ≔ 1.50 ⋅ m
kg
Peso del terreno PsB PsB ≔ AzapB ⋅ hb ⋅ 2400 ⋅ ―― = 3.34 ton
m3
Peso del terreno por encima de la zapata PsuB ≔ AzapB ⋅ ((H - hb)) ⋅ γ = 3.96 ton
Carga total sobre la zapata
Pz ≔ Pj + PsB + PsuB = 85.35 ton
Pz kg
σ1 ≔ ――― = 3.68 ―― σ2 ≔ σ1 * , distribucion uniforme
AzapB cm 2

Como σ1 , es mayor que el qadm = 3.5kg/cm2 , aumentamos A2=1.65m

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Como σ1 , es mayor que el qadm = 3.5kg/cm2 , aumentamos A2=1.65m
A2 ≔ 1.50 ⋅ m
Pz kg
AzapB ≔ A2 ⋅ A2 σ1 ≔ ――― = 3.44 ―― Menor que qadm , por lo
AzapB cm 2 cumple !!!
Chequo del cortante como viga
Zapata A
kg
A1 = 1.25 m ha = 0.6 m c = 0.4 m σ1 ≔ 3.16 ⋅ ――
cm 2

Vamos a determinar estos valores

usando 1.00 m de ancho de zapata

kg
σef ≔ σ1 ⋅ 100 ⋅ cm = 316 ――
cm
⎛ ((A1 - c)) ⎞
Qviga ≔ σef ⋅ ⎜――― ⎟ = 14.8 ton
⎝ 2 ⎠
2
⎛ ((A1 - c)) ⎞
⎜――― ⎟
⎝ 2 ⎠
Mviga ≔ σef ⋅ ――――= 3.15 ton ⋅ m
2
((1.2 ⋅ Pacm + 1.6 ⋅ Pacv))
Fsϕ ≔ ―――――――― = 1.57
0.85 ⋅ ((Pacm + Pacv))
Revision del cortante como viga
Qviga kg
Vcr = 7.68 kg/cm2 Vup ≔ Fsϕ ⋅ ――― = 1.35 ―― ok!!!
AzapA cm 2
Diseño a flexion

Zapata A
((1.2 ⋅ Pacm + 1.6 ⋅ Pacv))
Fsϕ ≔ ―――――――― = 1.48
0.90 ⋅ ((Pacm + Pacv))
Mup ≔ Fsϕ ⋅ Mviga = 4.66 ton ⋅ m
kg kg
b ≔ 100 ⋅ cm d ≔ ha - 7.5 ⋅ cm = 52.5 cm fc ≔ 210 ⋅ ―― 2
fy ≔ 4200 ⋅ ――
⎛ ⎞ cm cm 2
Mup ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾
⎝1 - 1 - 2.84 ⋅ MΦ ⎠
MΦ ≔ ――― 2
= 0.0073 q ≔ ――――――― = 0.00884
fc ⋅ b ⋅ d 1.18

fc
ρ ≔ q ⋅ ―= 0.00044 ρmin ≔ 0.0022 Usaremos 0.0022 como cuantia
fy de refuerzo.
As ≔ ρmin ⋅ b ⋅ d = 11.55 cm 2
Usar ϕ de 1/2 @ 10cm en A.D.

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Zapata B
kg
A2 ≔ 1.75 ⋅ m hb = 0.6 m c = 0.4 m σ1 = 3.16 ――
cm 2
kg
σef ≔ σ1 ⋅ 100 ⋅ cm = 316 ――
cm 2
⎛ ((A1 - c)) ⎞
⎛ ((A2 - c)) ⎞ ⎜――― ⎟
⎝ 2 ⎠
Qviga ≔ σef ⋅ ⎜――― ⎟ = 23.51 ton Mviga ≔ σef ⋅ ――――= 3.15 ton ⋅ m
⎝ 2 ⎠ 2

((1.2 ⋅ Pbcm + 1.6 ⋅ Pbcv))

Fsϕ ≔ ―――――――― = 1.56
0.85 ⋅ ((Pbcm + Pbcv))

Revision del cortante como viga

Qviga kg
Vcr = 7.68 kg/cm2 Vup ≔ Fsϕ ⋅ ――― = 1.47 ―― ok !!!
AzapB cm 2
Diseño a flexion
((1.2 ⋅ Pbcm + 1.6 ⋅ Pbcv))
Fsϕ ≔ ―――――――― = 1.47
0.90 ⋅ ((Pbcm + Pbcv))

Mup ≔ Fsϕ ⋅ Mviga = 4.62 ton ⋅ m

kg kg
b ≔ 100 ⋅ cm d ≔ hb - 7.5 ⋅ cm = 52.5 cm fc ≔ 210 ⋅ ―― 2
fy ≔ 4200 ⋅ ――
⎛ ⎞ cm cm 2
Mup ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾
⎝1 - 1 - 2.84 ⋅ MΦ ⎠
MΦ ≔ ――― 2
= 0.00724 q ≔ ――――――― = 0.00876
fc ⋅ b ⋅ d 1.18
fc
ρ ≔ q ⋅ ―= 0.00044 ρmin ≔ 0.0022 Usaremos 0.0022 como cuantia
fy de refuerzo.
As ≔ ρmin ⋅ b ⋅ d = 11.55 cm 2
Usar ϕ de 1/2@ 10cm en A.D.

Diseño de la viga de arriotramiento

Dimensiones
Cargas a considerar:
1.- Momentos de flexion producidos por la estructura
2.- Carga axial de traccion o compresion provocadas por el
movimiento sismico
Momentos de flexion
Se usara la combinacion de momentos mas defavorable y un
Cb= 0.15 , ( coeficiente sismico) , para la fuerza axial
considerada.

((1.2 ⋅ Pacm + 1.6 ⋅ Pacv))

Fs1ϕ ≔ ―――――――― = 1.48 Factor de seguridad a flexion, tomamos el
0.90 ⋅ ((Pacm + Pacv)) de la zapata A.
((1.2 ⋅ Pacm + 1.6 ⋅ Pacv))
Fs2ϕ ≔ ―――――――― = 1.9 Factor de seguridad a compresion,
0.70 ⋅ ((Pacm + Pacv)) tomamos el de la zapata A.

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 Pn ≔ Cb ⋅ ((Pi + Pj)) = 19.66 ton Pup ≔ Fs1ϕ ⋅ Pn = 29.12 ton

Para determinar el momento mas desfavolrable usamos las siguientes

combinaciones.
U = 1.2CM + 1.0CV ± 1.0E
U = 0.9CM ± 1.0E
Extremo A
Para la direccion x
Mup ≔ 1.2 ⋅ Maxcm + 1.0 ⋅ Maxcv + Maxs = 15.2 ton ⋅ m
Mup ≔ 1.2 ⋅ Maxcm + 1.0 ⋅ Maxcv - Maxs = -8.8 ton ⋅ m

Para la direccion y
Mup ≔ 1.2 ⋅ Maycm + 1.0 ⋅ Maycv + Mays = 8.1 ton ⋅ m
Mup ≔ 1.2 ⋅ Maycm + 1.0 ⋅ Maycv - Mays = -3.9 ton ⋅ m

Extremo B
Para la direccion x
Mup ≔ 1.2 ⋅ Mbxcm + 1.0 ⋅ Mbxcv + Mbxs = 18.3 ton ⋅ m
Mup ≔ 1.2 ⋅ Mbxcm + 1.0 ⋅ Mbxcv - Mbxs = -11.7 ton ⋅ m
Para la direccion y
Mup ≔ 1.2 ⋅ Mbycm + 1.0 ⋅ Mbycv + Mbys = 13.96 ton ⋅ m
Mup ≔ 1.2 ⋅ Mbycm + 1.0 ⋅ Mbycv - Mbys = -10.04 ton ⋅ m

Mi ≔ 15.2 ⋅ ton ⋅ m Mj ≔ 18.3 ⋅ ton ⋅ m

Tomamos el mayor de los dos, el cual es Mj = 18.3 ton.m
La combinacion para el diseño de la Riostra sera:

Pup ≔ 29.12 ⋅ ton Mup ≔ 18.3 ⋅ ton ⋅ m

Diagrama de interaccion para la Riostra,

en punto negro representa la
combinacio Pup,Mup. La linea roja
representa el diagrana minorizado
afectado por ϕ = 0.70 y la linea roja
representa el diagrama nominal.

Seccion de la Riostra
12 ϕ 3/4 L. sup r inf + 4 ϕ de 1/2

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