30 Units to practise and prepare your speaking and listening for ICAQ compliance Plus «progress and review tests *realistic R/T exchanges *audio CDs with example answers Henry Emery and Andy Roberts oe MACMILLANUNIT TITLE ‘ PAGE Introduction 4 1 Near miss 89 2 Special fights 10-1 3 VIP fights 1248 4 Delays 1445 5 Belly-landings 1617 Progress test 1__ i ee 18=19__ 6 Birds 20-21 7 Cargo 22-28 8 On-board fre 24-25 9 Ground movement incidents 26-27 10 Pilot incapacitation 28-29 Progress test2 30-31 " Ditchings 32-33 12 Animals 34-35 13 Wind and turbulence 36-37 14 leing 38-39 15 Storms 40-41 _Progress test 3. betas st 42-43 16 Depressurization 44-45 7 Passenger problems 46-47 18 Bomb scare 48-49 19 Take-off incidents 50-51 20 Lost 52-53 _Progress test 4_ sie i 54-55 2 Aircraft breakdown ~ mechanical 56-57 22 Aircraft breakdown — electrical 58-59 23 Voleanoes 60-61 24 Dangerous goods 62-63 25 Collisions 64-65 _Progress test §——____ ___ 86-87 26 Fuel problems 68-69 27 Airfield activities 70-71 28 ‘Aerodrome/airfield environment 72-73 29 Airfield and navigation equipment failure 74-75 30 Ground services 76-77 —Brogenen int @ os BO Review test 1 80-81 Review test 2 82-83, Answer Key 84-93 Listening Script 94-127ea Describe the picture Describe what you can see in the picture. Use the words in the box. ‘angle starboard twin smaller tail obscured ®@ 1.01 Now listen to the sample answer. ‘Answer the questions. 4 Which aircratt is nearer the ground? 2 Where was the photographer in relation to the aircraft? {3 Are there any markings on the aircraft? “4 What do you think will happen next? 5 Why do you think this stuation occurred? Plain English ~ Listening for gist @ 1.02 Listen to a report of a near miss and ‘choose the best summary. ‘a Low visibility led to near miss b Controllers prevent collision ¢ Lack of communication led to near miss NEAR MISS Plain English ~ @ 1.02 Listen again and underline the correct information. 1 The 757 was heading for / coming from Copenhagen. 2:The aircraft avoided collision by 200 / 400 / 800 feet. ‘3 Disaster was avoided when a training inspector / controlors instructed the aircraft to alter course. ‘4 The report recommends that radar screens be improved / changed. Radiotelephony - Listening @ 1.03 Listen to the dialogue. Write the call sigr in the spaces to complete the summary. The controller instructed (1) ____ to mainta its present level, and instructed (2) __ to descend. The controller instructed (@),__ to turn right and then gave traffic information to @__ When (5) __ failed to ‘comply with the instruction, the ATC instructed (6 ____ to turn right, However, just ater th (7) ______ reported that he was following aT RA and was climbing. (8) _ then reques immediate descent and landing.3b 4b Radiotelephony - Plain English Rearrange the words to make phrases from the Gialogue. 1 squawk / incorrect / say / 4113 / readback /1/ again a =—_ 2 action / 270 / traffic / avoiding / turn / immediately / heading / hard / right / ua 3 injuries / we / some / have 41s /I'm/ what / sorry / problem / your? 6 hurt / have / board / we / problems / people / on / medical / are _ - Clarification Work with a partner. Student Ais CS-FHG ‘maintaining 7,000 ft. Student is an ATCO. Read the dialogue outline and decide what to say. cs-FHG Contr Request confirmation ‘Acknowedge and request details of AC Request more Information about AC. ‘Acknowledge and Tequest report on landing Role play the dialogue, then change roles and do it again. Check against the model dialogue in the Answer Key. 5a Vocabulary Check ‘Match the words in the box with the definitions, 5b abort (v) distance (n)_ close (adi) risk (n) ‘eviate (v)_alrprox (n) collision (n) potential (n) 41 The name for a ‘near mise! in aviation 2 The amount of space between two things {3 Possible or likely in the future 4To stop something before its frished '5 To do something different to what is expected 6 Near 7 When something crashes into something {8 The possibilty that something dangerous micht happen Complete the strategies for avoiding mid-air ccolisions with the words from Sa, “Take care when fyi ) QM oramacis of an airport. Don't Discussion Discuss the questions with a partner. 1 Describe a near miss experience you've had or know of 2 What do you think are the major causes of mid-air collisions? 3 What can be done to reduce mid-air colisions? 4 What technology exists to help reduce the threat of ‘mid-air collisions? 5 Do you think the incidence of mid-air colsions will increase or decrease in the future? NEAR MISS 9SPECIAL FLIGHT Fe Describe the picture 1a. Describe what you can see in the picture. Use the words in the box. vintage formation smoke tral aircraft markings aerobatic manoeuvre ®@ 1.04 Now listen to the sample answer. ‘1b Answer the questions. 1 What are the aircraft doing? 2 What do you think are the speed and altitude of the aircraft? ‘3 Why are there smoke trails coming from the aircraft? 4 What do you think will happen next? 5 Who do you think took the photograph? Plain English - Listening for gist 2a @ 1.08 Listen to an air-traffic controller talking ‘about Instrument Flight Rules (IFA) arrivals to an air show. Tick (y/) the things he mentions. weather approach speeds touch down zones missed approach communications approach fixes 10 SPECIAL FLIGHTS 2b 3a 3b Plain English - Listening for detail ®@ 1.05 Listen again and decide if the statements are true or false. Write T or F 1 VER pilots have to read back ATC instructions: 2 VFR pilots acknowledge messages by rocking their wings. 8 Aircraft land on the runway one after another. 4 VER traffic usually lands in front of IFR traffic. 5 IFR traffic fles slower than normal on short final Radiotelephony - Listening ‘@ 1.06 Listen to an approach controller sequencing traffic for the Benejov air show. Match the letters (A-H) on the chart with the aircraft 1-8. 1 Cassna 182 Skylane 2 Grumman Duck 3 Grumman Tiger 4 Extra 300 5 Boeing Stearman 6 Piper Seneca 7 Socata TBS 8 Auster J59 Alpine _ Beech f «2 Mast Staggerwing wy 01709 | Mooney Ikarus 'M-20K cae Fobin 07-400 = ies Radiotelephony - Plain English Rearrange the words to make phrases from the dialogue. 111/808 / blue and white /high-wing / can / Benejov a /east of _ 2 keep / until/ up / west of / your gear / Beneiov 3 and get / turn / behind / in tine / the Ikarus / left 4 flown / from / you've / tracks / ralway / the / away 5 up / you / the Staggerwing / to be / is going / for / ahead / slow / tooClarification 4a Work with a partner. Student A is an alr show ATCO. Student B isa pilot on approach. Read the dialogue ide what to say. 4b_ Role play the dialogue, then change roles and do it again. Check against the model dialogue in the ‘Answer Key. Vocabulary Check 5a Match the words in the box with the definitions alr show (n}bi-plane (ry twin-engine in, tow-wing (n) amphibious (ad) floatplane (n, high-wing (r" routine (r) 1 An aircraft with the wing lower surface level with or ‘below the bottom of the fuselage 2 Daseribes a vehicle that can operate both on water and on land 8 An aircraft with the wing upper surface level with or above the top of the fuselage 4 An aircraft equipped with floats for landing on or ‘aking off from a body of water 5 A set of manceuves that a pilot performs 6 A public display of aircraft in fight and on the (ground, held at an airfield le 7 An aircraft with two identical engines 8 An aircraft with two wings fixed at different levels. Discussion 6 Discuss the questions with a partner. 11 Have you ever been to an air show? What was it ke? 2 What usually happens at an air show? 3 Why do people attend air shows? 5b Complete the extracts from a book about aircraft with the words from 5a. eee January 1997. 4 Do you have this type of activity in your country? Where? When? 5 What sort of special traning do pilots and/or ATCs have for air shows? SPECIAL FLIGHTS 11er ares VIP FLIGHTS ta Describe the picture Describe what you can see in the picture. Use the words in the box. dispersal alr stair APU palm baggage visibilty tb 2a 12 © 1.07 Now listen to the sample answer. Answer the questions. 1 What kind of person is the fight for? 2 Why are there so many people by the aircraft? 2 Where are the people standing in relation to the aircraft? 4 How long after the landing do you think the photo was taken? Why? 5 What do you think will happen next? 3a Plain English - Listening for gist © 1.08 Listen to an interview about the effects of VIP flights on airports, Choose the best summary of the official's views. ‘a Closures due to VIP fights are Inconvenient but necessary, bb VIP fights cause problems and should be directed 10 air force bases. cc VIP fights should be kept to a minimum. VIP FLIGHTS Plain English - Listening for detail @ 1.08 Listen again and tick (y/) the problems that are mentioned, cancelled fights congestion anwiety controllers’ stress rrid-ai panic heart attacks runway incursions ‘poor maintenance ‘swine fover overheating Radiotelephony - Listening @ 1.09 Listen to the dialogue. Decide if the sentences are true or false. Write T or F. 4 London informed Cargolux 223 there would not be adelay, 2 Bad weather is causing delays to all inbound and ‘outbound aircraft 8 The pilot's NOTAM says that there are no delays to passenger and cargo fights. 4 Cargolux is low on fuel '5 Cargolux will have no more than a five-minute walt. {6 Cargolux has to hold at VATON.——————————— 3b 4a 4b Radiotelephony - Plain English Rearrange the words to make phrases from the dialogue. 1 hold / we / VATON / to /at / confirm / have 2 are excepted / says scheduled air carriers / but our / NOTAM / and cargo fights / understood 9 that information / we did / before leaving / not get / Unfortunately /JFK 4 our alternate, Gatwick / a clearance / we will have / if we / cannot get / to take 6 on / Airforce / is / One / now / ILS Work with a partner. Student A is PNF. Student 8 is PF. Read the dialogue outline and decide what to say. PNF Pr _ Ws unexpected — ask for confirmation “The NOTAM says no delay Acknowledge ut say ae TE vases no clearance in fve minutes Role play the dialogue, then change roles and do it again. Check against the model dialogue in the Answer Key. Vocabulary Check 5a_ Match the words in the box with the definitions. priority) amendment (n) officials (a) panic (\) domestic (ad) faciltias r)_ disruption (n)_ scheduled (ad) 1 Important people in an organization. 2 Something such as buildings or equipment that people can use, 3 According to a timetable. 4 A change made to a document or plan. a 5 Referring to or belonging inside a country.“ 6 Asituation when something cannot continue ‘as normal because of a problem. 7 To have a sudden strong feeling of fear or terror, 8 The order of importance or urgency. 5b Complete the briefing on VIP visits with the words from 5a, to our original _-viP There have been some (1) _ plan, But there is no need to (2) fights wil stil receive (), avoid (4), to our international fights. Any © __ passengers who are (6) 7 to fy atthe time of a VIP visit willbe delayed However we will provide refreshment (7) but we wish to free of charge for these passengers. We want 10 encourage visits by important (@) .,, _ while at the same time allowing our international passengers to travel as normal Discussion 6 Discuss the questions with a partner. 1 Describe a VIP fight you know of 2 What difficuties can VIP fights cause? 3 Should VIP fights be treated differently to other flights? Why? Why not? 4 Who should be classed as VIPs? 65 What type of aircraft will transport VIPs in the future? VIP FLIGHTS 13.I DELAYS es é Describe the picture Describe what you can see in the picture. Use the words in the box. ‘commercial sequence instrument configuration final radar ‘© 1.10 Now listen to the sample answer. ‘Answer the questions. 1 What time of day is it? 2 What sort of airfeld are the aircraft fying into? 8 How far do you think they are from the runway? 4 What heading do you think the aircraft are fying? 5 What do pilots typically do at this phase of fight? Plain English - Listening for gist © 1.11 Listen to the briefing and match the problems in the box to the places on the map. CBs Personnel shortage Thunderstorms and rain ‘Aerodrome capacity Miltary activity Construction cypRus Tel DELAYS Plain English ~ Listening for detail b @ 1.11 Listen again and answer the questions. 1 Where is there a regulation that lasts all day? 2 Where have ATC taken some measures to improve. flow? 3 Where might improvements be seen in traffic low? 4 Where has the longest delays? ‘5 Which country will be affected by the regulation in Cyprus? 6 Where might regulations continue into the afternoon? Radiotelephony ~ Listening ja & 1.12-1.16 Listen to five dialogues (a-e) between pilots and air-traffic controllers. Match each dialogue with a reason for delay. There is one extra reason. 1 Vehicles are clearing the runways 2 Low visibility 8 An aircraft has broken down 4 Busy airspace 5 Lack of parking space 6 Liquid on the apron Radiotelephony - Plain English b_ Rearrange the words to make phrases from the dialogue. 1 runway / we /a/ have / aircraft / disabled / on 2 outside / sector / controlled / saturation - sain due / airspace 3 spilage / there /is /a/ you /the/ on / ramp / behind 4 can we / lower / have / due / chop / level? / speed / at/this_ 5 the weather? / do you / have /for./ an estimate / an improvement /in *Clarification 4a Work with a partner. Student A is the first officer of ‘a passenger jet aircraft, call sign Transtar 322, on dascent to Polomir. Student B is an approach ATCO at Polomir Approach. Read the dialogue outline and decide what to say. First Officer ‘Approach ATCO ‘Acknowledge, give instructions to hold ‘and say duration ‘Say reason for delay Paraphrase reason 4b Role play the dialogue, then change roles and do itagain. Check against the model dialogue in the ‘Answer Key. Vocabulary Check 5a Match the words in the box with the definitions. disable (v) work (r)_ spillage (n)_ removal (n)_ issue (n) saturation (n) regulation (n) exercise (n) 1 A problem that needs to be considered 2 An activity that you do in order to learn how to do something 3 To stop a piece of equipment from working 4 When something is s0 full that nothing can be added 5 Control of an activity oF process by official rules 6 The repairing and building of something 7 When liquid has accidentally been poured out of its container 8 The process of taking something away from a place Discussion 6 Discuss the questions with a partner. 1 What are the longest delays you have encountered in your work? 2 What things typically cause delay where you work? 5b Complete the ATC comments about delays with the words from 5a | work t an ald with ont operations, and military training (1) ‘sometimes cause delays for civil trafic, ' Both in terms of operations and passenger ‘comfort, the (2) ____in progress on the ew runway is causing real problems fr us. We have protective @,____in place every day, but we stil have problems with sector (#) "sit sometimes happens that we exceed capacity by over 10%. ‘We had 90 much unexpected snow last winter. Snow ® {caused major disruptions because we just werent equipped with enough snow ploughs. | thiag ATC, everywhere suffers with stating © ‘Ther ust aren't enough controler! ‘Just this week two incidents caused delays ‘on my shift, The fist was a fuel 0 ‘on the apron, and the second wasa(é)____aireraft ‘on a taxiway which prevented heavy aircraft vacating, 3 Do most delays occur on the ground or in the air? 4 What actions can ATC take to manage congestion and delay? 5 Will delays increase or decrease in the future? Wry? DELAYS 15Describe the picture Describe what you can see in the picture. Use the words in the box. medium emblem gear standing propeller horizon © 1.17 Now listen to the sample answer. ‘Answer the questions. 1 Where is the man in relation to the aircraft? 2 Where do you think this incident occurred? 3 What markings are there on the aircraft? 4 What do you think caused the accident? 5 What do you think will happen next? Plain English ~ Listening for gist © 4.18 Listen to an interview with an airport spokesman about a no-gear landing. Why did the aircraft execute a belly-landing? BELLY-LANDINGS Plain English — Listening for detail @ 1.18 Liston again put the sentences in the correct chronological order a The arrat it the runway © The pt deci to and ¢ The crew switched the GPUS system oft d The 757 started to take oft «The ew realized the gear was not down f The pilot saw a 757 on the runway, Radiotelephony ~ Listening © 1.19 Listen tothe latogue, Answer the questions + What was the unsefe inciation? 2 Which runway was PHG2002 cleared to land on? 3 What was the cloud base? 4 Wy cid PHG2002 request a visual inepection? What did the tower see? 6 What was the fel sate of PHG2002?Radiotelephony - Plain English Rearrange the words to make phrases from the dialogue. 3b 5a 1 gear / right / indication / PHIG3002 bas / unsafe / main 2 wheels / low / are down / to confirm / request. / pass __ - 8.500 ft/ we / evel / will / at _ oo 4 distance / runway / established / zero four / at / localizer / eight nautical miles _ 5 wheels / all /down / appear _ 5b Clarification Work with a partner. Student A is PNF of Flyer 794, a regional jet on final approach. Student B is Tower. Read the dialogue outline and decide what to say. PNE Tower 4a Request intentions Give instructions State main gear ‘appears down but ‘nose gear retracted 6 Correct and clarity ‘main gear appears down but nose gear retracted 4b Role play the dialogue, then change roles and do it again. Check against the mode! dialogue in the ‘Answer Key. Vocabulary Check Match the words in the box with the definitions. collapse (y) bent (ad) skid (¥) lower (¥). circuit (n) indication (n) appear {v)_ undercarriage (n) 1 To slide across the ground in an uncontrolled way 2 Pattern of fight from take-off to touch-down 3 Asign 4 To let down 5 Ina twisted or curved shape 6 To fold or fall dawn suddenly 7 To seam to be 8 Landing gear Complete the report on a gear-up landing with the words from 5a. The crew reported a ed (1)_ light and were unsure ifthe (2 _ had @. correctly. They lew a let-hand “ for the tower to make @ visual inspection. Everything 6) _ ‘on landing the main gear (6) alrratt (7) _ _elong the runway. The propeller blades were ()_ ‘made contact withthe ground. (OK. However and the __ where they Discussion Discuss the questions with a partner. 1 Describe a no-gear landing you have had or have hoard about, 2 Is it worse to lose nose gear or main gear? Why? 3 Describe how to manually retract landing gear. ‘4 What can be done to prevent landing gear problems? '5 What changes do you think will be made to aircraft landing gear in the future? BELLY-LANDINGS 172a 18 PROGRESS TEST 1 Describe the picture Describe what you can see in the picture. Answer the questions. 1 What kind of passenger would have a fight tke this? 2: Who do you think all the people are by the aircraft? 3 Where are the people standing in relation to the aircraft? 4 Do you think the aircraft has just landed or is getting ready to depart? Why? '5 What do you think will happen next? © 1.20 Now listen to the sample answer. Plain English - Listening for gist 2 1.21 Listen to a news report about a near miss. Choose the most suitable summary. ‘a Yurlis an experienced air-traffic controller whose ‘Quick thinking prevented two aircraft trom colliding This is another example of the heroic work of an ‘anonymous group of controllers. Yuri is an experienced air-traffic controller whose ‘uick thinking prevented two aircraft from colliding Usually controllers are anonymous but Yuri has received a lot of praise from the public Yuri was an experienced ai-traffic controler whose ‘uick thinking prevented an Airbus and a Tupolev from coliding. He is unable to sieep because of the incident and has had to retire. PROGRESS TEST 1 Plain English ~ Listening for detai © 1.21 Listen again and explain what the following reer to. 4 Krasnodar 2302 310 410 5200 815 Radiotelephony - Listening @ 1.22 Listen to the dialogue. Put the events in the ‘correct order. a The ATCO suggests runway 161 for landing, bb The pilot requests a touch and go. {© The pilot reports that they wil land on the left side of the runway. The ATCO reports the right main gear is retracted {The pilot reports a high load manoeuvre failed 10 tree the gear { The pilot requests fre and rescue services3b 4a 4b Radiotelephony - Plain English © 1.22 Match the beginnings with the endl ‘make phrases from the dialogue. 1 The stoop tur didn’t shift the 2 We'd lke to try a touch and go to 3 Which is the best runway 4 There is plenty of space either siue 5 Be advised we're likely to fa veer to the right on the runway. b gear s0 we're stil indicating gear i, cof the runway should you need it: d see if that loosens the right gear’ for an abnormal gear landing? Clarification Work with a partner. Student A is pilot of Sprinter 512, ready to taxi. Student B is tower. Read the dialogue outline and decide what to say. Sprinter 612 Tower Instruct AG to stay where itis Give reason for delay (unknown object, say i's being checked Toll AC there is debris, (on the taxiway. Expect taxi after 15 minutes Say delay of 16 minutes Role play the dialogue, then change roles and do itagain. Check against the model dialogue in the ‘Answer Key. 5a Vocabulary Check Match the words in the box with the definitions. ‘amendment (n)_ collapse (¥)_ indication (n) spill () scheduled (ad) isable (v) domestic (ad). bent (adi) 5b 1 Accorang io rit age ae ae 2 & change or corecton made oa document of plan 370 stop a plece of eavmen or machine frm working property 4 twted or curved shepe 5 To fldo all down suddenly 6 Referring to or belonging ald @ Gout 7Asgh 8 To accldentaly pour aiquid out o ts container Complete the sentences with the words from 5a. 1 The pilot _ the coffee aver the GPS. 2 Recently several have been made to the operating procedure 8 The force of the impact caused the undercarriage to 4The {fight erived exactly on time '5 The smaller acraft were used for shorter fights. 66 There was no of any fuel problems. 7 The propeller blades were con contact withthe ground 8 The sound ofthe alarm was irteting 80 the crew it cussion Discuss the questions with a partner. 1. What can be done to prevent near misses? 2 What operational issues have to be considered ‘when running an air show? 3 What difficulties can VIP fights cause? 4 Describe the longest delay you have encountered in your work, '5 How has landing gear developed aver the last 50 years? PROGRESS TEST 1 19°Describe the picture Describe what you can see in the picture, Use the words in the box. iltary high-wing turboprop dip flock frightened @ 1.23 Now listen to the sample answer. ‘Answer the questions. +1 What do you think the pilots are doing? 2 Why are the birds moving? 3 What sort of airfield do you think itis? 4 Where was the photograph taken from? 5 What do you think will happen next? Plain English - Listening for gist @ 1.24 Liston to conversation about new Gatton related technology. Answer the questions. 1 Where does the conversation take place? 2 What technology are they talking about? Wo does the technoiogy Serve? BIRDS oa iiss Plain English - Listening for detail @ 1.24 Listen again and decide if the sentences are true or false. Write T or F. 4 The horizontal radar tracks birds within the airfield 2 The vertical radar covers the approach and departure corridors. {9 The aim of the technology is to track all birds. 4 The system can identify a small bird several miles away. 5 A large group of birds eight miles away can be detected by the system. 66 The system is being trialled for use in civil aviation. Radiotelephony - Listening @ 1.25 Listen to a dialogue between a pilot and fan air-traffic controller. Put the events in the ‘correct order. athe b The controler reports damage to the nose gear jt requests 4 low pass. The plist reports birdstrike. states anticipated control problems onRadiotelephony ~ Plain English 3b Rearrange the words to make phrases from the dialogue. 1 had / think we /L/ an / impact / the / with / nose gear 2 recycling / the / a red light / gear /| tried / we / but / have / stil 3 cable / what looks / we see / lke a / oF hose / loose / on your / nose gear 41//we / have / wil / believe / with / steering / the / problems / landing / on 5 be / that / aware / we could / off / left / runway / the / come /to the Clarification 4a Work with a partner. Student A is pilot of a twin-engine aircraft, call sign Arrow 545, downwind Ina right-hand pattern for RWY 18. Student B is {an approach ATCO at Nezabad tower. Read the dialogue outline and decide what to say. Pilot arco Calter report birdstrike, report one SHER oe, Acknowledge and request intentions Request priority wine Give instructions for prio landing a Request futher ‘nfermatien State effects of ‘damage and request nee ‘services 4b_ Role play the dialogue, then change roles and do it again. Check against the model dialogue in the Answer Key. Discussion 6 Discuss the questions with a partner. 1 Describe a birdstrike incident you know of. 2 Why do birds inhabit airfeld environments? 3 What measures can airports use to control birds? Vocabulary Check 5a Match the words in the box with the definitions. detect (v) corridor {n) track jy) flock (n)_ species (n) hit (impact (n) frighten (¥) 1 Agroup of birds 2 To prove that something is present 3 The force with which one abject hits another 4 To move onto an object quickly and with force 5 To make an animal or a person feel afraid 6 Along, narrow area of land 7 To follow the course of a moving object 8 A group of plants or animals whose members all have similar general features Complete the article on birdstrikes with the words from 5a, Flight 1245, a private jet operated by Biz Ai ‘made a powerless landing at Foxton airport afterit() aay of birds on final approach. The aircraft landed safely just inside the touchdown zone with no further incident, but the (3) — from the heavy landing resulted in structural damage to the undercarriage. The risk of birdstrike is highest at this time of year when one particular @ of bird gathers before migrating south for winter, The birds are difficult to (5) ___ because they tend to hide jn the long grass under the approach (6) The birds' movements can only be (7) when in flight, usually when (8) by passing aircraft, which, in the case of the Biz Air, was too late. 4 What sort of damage can birdstrikes do to aircraft? 5 Do you think bird-strike incidents wil increase or decrease? Why? BIRDS 21Describe the picture Describe what you can see in the picture, Use the words in the box. lined up terminal containers vehicles pallet ‘© 1.26 Now listen to the sample answer. ‘Answer the questions. 1s the cargo Incoming or outbound? 2 Where do you think the picture was taken? 3 What items do you think are contained in the shipments? 4 What is the JAL van in the middle of the picture doing? 5 How is the cargo loaded onto / unloaded from the planes? Plain English - Listening for gist @ 1.27 Listen to the dialogue about cargo transportation. What two things should you do to your cargo?’ CARGO Plain English - Listening for detail @ 1.27 Listen again and answer the questions 1 What are the benefits of containers? lude on your label? 2 What information should you in 3 Name five examples of unusual shipments, Radiotelephony - Listening © 1.28 Listen to the dialogue. Complete the table with the correct information. P SolutionRadiotelephony ~ Plain English Rearrange the words to make phrases from the dialogue. 3b 5a 1 aircraft /have / you / do / with / an / engineer? / ‘contact 2 not / we're / it's /it/ closed / open / or / sure 3 that / on /if/ bottom / fuel / of / door / is / Sunair / the / panel / ask / the / fuselage - 4 panel / reports / he / that / closed / has / the / the / engineer 5 the /is /light / confirm / extinguished / warming 5b Clarification Work with a partner. Student A is a pilot of YR- YYG at stand 2 waiting to start up. Student B is a dispatch officer. Read the dialogue outline and decide what to say. 4a Pilot Dispatch officer ‘Acknowledge, Ask about the problem ‘Acknowledge. ‘Ask where Confirm on the side of the fuselage ‘Acknowledge and say you will contact an engineer 4b Role play the dialogue, then change rolés and do it again. Check against the model dialogue in the ‘Answer Key. Vocabulary Check Match the words in the box with the definitions. pilece (r) pallet (n) label (n) load (v). protect (v) wrap (¥) band (n)_ panel (n) 1 Anarrow strip of something 2 An individual object or part of something A flat part of the skin of the aircraft that can be removed 4 Paper or other material used to identify an object 6 A flat surface used for transporting goods 6 To koep from danger or damage 7 To put cargo into or onto something 8 To cover something Complete the insurance report with the words from 5a, The (1) with a padded material. However the (3) of machinery was (2) cof metal securing the cargo came loose when it was @ conto the (6 hen this was transported towards the hold the machinery came loose and smashed into a fuel (6) This led to significant damage to both the aircraft and the cargo. The (7) con the package clearly stated ‘Handle with care’ and it appears that appropriate care was taken with the handling but not the packaging. In future all such cargo needs to be ® in containers. Discus n Discuss the questions with a partner. 1 Describe a cargo problem you know ot, 2 What is the difference between cargo and passenger fights? 8 What considerations are important when transporting cargo? 4 How has the transport of cargo changed in the last 20 years? ‘5 What changes do you think will happen to cargo transportation in the future? CARGO = 23Describe the picture Describe what you can see in the picture. Use the words in the box. training exercise mock-up engulfed flames fire fighters. spray @ 1.29 Now listen to the sample answer. Answer the questions. 4 Where is this activity taking pla 2 How many people do you think are involved 3 How long do you think the activity wil last? 4 How does this sort of activity affect operations? How often do you think this training happens? Plain English - Listening for gist @ 1.30 Listen to a chief fire officer give a tour of an airport fire station. Mark the equipment (a-e) with the order that they are mentioned. ON-BOARD FIRE Plain English - Listening for detail @ 1.30 Listen again and match the equipment (a-e) In 2a to the questions (1-5). 41 Which equipment has only been at the station for a short timo? 2 Which can be used at a distance? {8 Which is a requirement for the biggest airports? 4 Which is used to manage operations? 5 Which responds to emergencies inside airport facilties? Radiotelephony - Listening @ 1.31 Listen to the dialogue. Underline the ‘correct information. 1 Fire crew are / will be mobilized. 2 There is tre in the washroom / cabin. The crew have / haven't used a fire extinguisher. 4 The crew wil / will not vacate the runway immediately on landing 5 The cabin crew think the fire is stil Burn gone out 6 The aircraft is instructed to taxi toRadiotelephony ~ Plain English Sb_ Rearrange the words to make phrases from the 5a dialogue. 1 that / confirm / is / in / middle lavatory? / your / the fre _ 2 going / continue / are /,mayday / the / we / to / call 8 complete stop / the runway /on/ a/ we / make / wil 4 have / everything's / we / the cabin / from / a signal / OK / that 5 arrival / call / ground / we'll services / your / for Clari an Work with a partner. Student A is the frst officer of a passenger jet aircraft, call sign Circle 122, ; descending FL240. Student B is an en-route ATCO ‘at Ramon centre. Read the dialogue outline and decide what to say. ation v 4a First Officor ATCO ‘Acknowledge and ‘ask for exact location of fire ‘Acknowledge and give instructions for further descent m ante Request confirmation of status 4b_ Role play the dialogue, then change roles and do itagain. Check against the model dialogue in the Answer Key. Discussion 6 Discuss the questions with a partner. 11 What training do you have to deal with fre? 2 Describe the fire equipment / installations at an sirport / building you know. Vocabulary Check Match the words in the box with the definitions. appliance (n) foam (n) mounted faci) monitor (n) media (n) deploy (v) halon (n) hose(n) 1 To.use something 2 Fixed in position A thick substance containing a lot of bubbles used for stopping fire 4 A controllable high-capacity water jet 5 A machine or piece of equipment 6 Substances that helpisuopress fire 7 Avery long tube used for carrying water to a fre 8 A gaseous chemical compound often used in fre suppression systems Complete the advertisement with the words from 5a. FIRETROOPER 300 ‘The Fretrooper 300 is the latest development in remote-controlled fre fghting, The (1) consists ofa body that houses @ powerful motor which ‘rves the tracks and pump, and a root @) __ - revolving 8) nozzes. In the case of any fre that should be fought from _which is equloped with three a distance, the Fetrooper 300 can attack the fre rectly, ‘greatly increasing the etlectiveness of fire-fighting operations and reducing rsk to personnel Features +") * tp to 8,000 tres per minute + Drags up 10 300 metres of (6) + Compatibie with various iqud (6) as water and (7) _* + Compatis wth dry chemical and gas agents such | as | + Top speed of sight kiometres an hour suen To place an order or find out more, visit wwwfiretrooper.net or cali 0180 102-FIRE ‘3 What do you think are the main causes of aircraft fire? 4 What fre equipment do aircraft usually carry? 5 What are the effects of heat, smoke and fre on humans? ON-BOARD FIRE 25GROUND MOVEMENT INCIDENTS i: Describe the picture Describe what you can see in the picture. Use the words in the box. stripes follow lights line cables holding @ 1.32 Now listen to the sample answer. ‘Answer the questions, 1 Where is the aircraft? 2w oher in relation to the 9 was the photog aircrat 3 Why is the eircrat following the car? 4 Are there any markings on the air 5 What do you think will happen next? Plain English - Listening for gist @ 1.33 Listen to an instructor talking about runway taxi accidents. Tick (y/) the topics the instructor mentions. mechanical problems pilot error ‘controler error weather conditions GROUND MOVEMENT INCIDENTS Plain English - Listening for detail @ 1.33 Listen again and decide if the statements are true or false, Write T or F. + Only gusting winds cause problems. 2 The biggest ha: is an aircraft hitting something, 3 Sometimes @ person gets hurt spinning a propeller 44 Usually hangars and fuel trucks get hit the most. 65 There are a lot of colsions between aircra departing and planes waiting to cross runways. Radiotelephony - Listening @ 1.34 Listen to the dialogue. Write the missing words in the spaces to complete the summary. ATC told ALER to follow the (1) to get to bay (2 They stopped at bay @ ‘and were told they were at the wrong place. They had to follow the green 4 bay, When they go! rear the bay they The bay their (6) The plane cut across the nd hit ditchRadiotelephony ~ Plain English Vocabulary Check 3b_ Rearrange the words to make phrases from the 5a Match the words in the box with the definitions dialogue. - follow (v) fence (n) sign (n)._marshaller (r)_ van (n) ‘truck (7) camouflage (n) narrow (ad) 1 parking / stand / confirm / we / at / ‘re / 116 2 stand / long / before / a / is / that / way / your 1 Abarrier made of waod or wire 2A vehicle that is a litle bit bigger than a car 3 A person who directs aircraft into parking positions 9 set /lights /“l/ you / another / we / for / of / green 4 Used 13 cfalesihifiga cdi War thei bachground : 5 To travel behind something or to do as instructed 6 An object that uses words or pictures to give Information 7 The opposite of wide 6 drainage / cut / have / you /hit/ the / the / across / 8 Alarge vehicle 4 in / marshaller / now / ‘ve / sight / we / the / got and / grass / ditch 5b Complete the sentences with the words from 5a. Clarification 1 Atefueling ____needs to get clearance 4a Work witha partner. Student A isa tower ATCO. before crossing a runway. Student B is a pilot of TA 327. Read the dialogue aki und cable whet ay. 2 Apt needs tobe able to see the arm movement of the Tower Tas27 3 The markings on miltaryateratt ar dtfrent to cv ones duet thet Readback bay 140 4 There i danger thet arcraftpeesing ona taxwey could code . Bs: 5The cles show the taxvay ltr eteetepomiaton 6 the centre line to keep in the middle. ay o_ the contre 5 the mid ie 7 The perimeter, keeps animals and people away trom the arf ‘Say adjacent to bay 117 8 The car's too smal, wel need a Discussion ' Give positive response 6 Discuss the questions with a partner. 1 Describe a ground movement accident you've hac or know of 2 What do you think are the major causes of ground, movement accidents? ‘3 What can be done to reduce taxiway accidents? 4 What technology exists to help reduce the number of accidents on the ground? '5 Do you think the incidence of ground moverent accidents wil increase or decrease in the future? Why? 4b_ Role play the dialogue, then change rolés and do it again. Check against the model dialogue in the Answer Key. GROUND MOVEMENT INCIDENTS 27ee ee ee el PILOT {£NCAPACITATION Describe the picture Describe what you see in the picture. Use the words in the box. patient ambulance stretcher suit mask nurse @ 1.35 Now listen to the sample answer. ‘Answer the questions. 1 What type of airratt is 2 What type of fight do you think itis? sort of airfield do they land at’ Why do you think this situation o sured? 5 What do you think will happen next? Plain English ~ Listening forgist @ 1.36 Listen to an expert talking about pilot Incapacitation. Tick (y/) the things they mention. cular Incident of incapacitation of incapacitatior medical services advice for pilots incident statistics who is affected } PILOT INCAPACITATION Plain English ~ Listening for detail @ 1.36 Listen again and choose the correct option to complete each statement 4 The expert says incapacitation is common / very common / not cammon at all lots / Passengt should be able to recognize incapacuation. 2 Rathirlinte and mescangers 2 Pilots must never eat in remote areas / at the same time / the same food 4 The expert says che: ‘sweating, yawning and shortnes be taken vory seriously in, weakness and indlaestion arc! weakness / f breath should Radiotelephony - Listening @ 1.37 Listen to the dialogue. Decide if the statements are true or false. Write Tor F 1 The pilot is unconscious. 2 The man fiying the aircraft is a pilot. 8 There are four people on board, 4 The man flying doesn't feel well 5 The controller suggests ventilating the cabin. 6 The man fying knows how to operate th autopilot3b 4a 4b Radiotelephony - Plain English © 1.37 Match the beginnings (1-5) with the ‘endings (a-e) to make sentences from the dialogue. 1 The pilot's passed out and. 2 I'm getting help now from someone who's 3 The oily fumes are 4 You could have 5 Can you get a fresh air into the cabin? bb carbon monoxide poisoning, c'mon my own up here. d familiar with your aircraft, ‘e making me feel pretty nauseous. Clarification Work with a partner. Student A is the first officer of ajet aircraft, call sign Quickjet 988, maintaining FL180. Student 8 is an en-route controller at Scherberg centre. Read the dialogue outline and decide what to say. Fst Otficer Controler Callcentre and report "of captain Request confirmation ‘Give confirmation anc futher detals ‘Acknowledge and off assistance Request information ‘bout avaiable "Suggest and describe sirields ‘wo airfolds for diversion ‘Ask about equipment ‘atone of the airfields Describe equipment soceeguaegr ‘he arfelds Role play the dialogue, then change roles and do it again. Check against the model dialogue in the ‘Answer Key. Discussion Discuss the questions with a partner. 1 Describe a pilot incapacitation event you know of 2 What does the industry do to minimize the risk of pilot incapacitation? 5a short (ad)) 5b Vocabulary Check Match the words in the box with the definitions. incapacitated (ad) cramp (nr) vomit (¥)_ tighten (v) poisoning (n) pass out (¥) nauseous (ad) 1 Ifyou do this, your food comes up from your stomach and out through your mouth 2 Feeling as if you want to vorit 3 Severe pain in a muscle that becomes very tight 4 Unable to do ordinary things because you are ill To suddenly become unconscious 6 Used for saying that you do not have enough of something 7 If a muscle does ths, it becomes hard and sti 8 An occasion when someone is affected by poison Complete a 8727 captain's report with the words from 5a, Clbing through approx F250, while beginning a orem meal, X began to feel a()_____iof the chest. At frst x leosened my tie. The discomfort was not significant enough to mention to my FO. The next thing remember was asking what happened. The FO snid teat = (2) , for about U0 seconds, and that we were diverting to Miami. had severe stomach (3) and felt (4)___, though didn’t aot may, (9) ae 5 ws ase (8) of breath. T naknowledged the FO was in charge of the ACFT, the FCOM said ‘don't allow the a crew member to qjernte FLT CTLS!. The FO did an overwt Endy in Miami and tosied to gate. Z walked off the ACT. x thougit it was food (,. but the doctors determined that = probably experienced wild anapipinss. 3 What do you think are the major causes of plot incapacitation? 4 What are the procedures for dealing with pllot Incapacitation? 5 Describe ary fist ald training you have had. PILOT INCAPACITATION 29ek: a Units 6-10 PROGRESS TEST 2 sig Describe the picture Plain English - Listening for detail 1a Describe what you can see in the picture. 2b 2 1.39 Listen again and answer the questions. 41 Which incident cost tne most money? ip Anema Me aves aoe 2 Which incidents were caused by gulls? 1 Where would this exercise take place? “ ne ‘3 Which incidents were caused by geese? 2 Have you ever witnessed a similar exercise? Desoribe i 4 Which incidents were eaused by blackbirds? 3 How long do you think the activity wil last? 4 Describe the position of the fire truck. ‘5 How often do you think this sort of training should happen? ‘6 Which incidents mention flame and / or smoke? {§ Which incidents mention damage to fan blades? = © 1.38 Now listen to the sample answer. Plain English — Listening for gist Radiotelephony - Liste ing 2 1.30 a 2a_ 2 1.39 Listen to part of a presentation on five 3a 2 1.40-1.42 Listen to three dialogues between reported bird strikes. Match the summaries to the pilots and local ar-traffic controllers. Complete the incidents a-e. sentences with a call sign. 4 The runway was closed for an hour after an al ica lca week ol bls Postline 912 N663D Transair 6926 2 A goose caused the failure of two engines. i vapiorts Shimane 3 The aircraft hit a gull causing ol problems int 2 irouid tke to disembark passengers. engine. 5 aborts take oft 4 The aircraft hit a flock of geese causing severe 4 collides with an airport lighting fixture. damage to the engines and airframe. requires backtrack. 5 After ingesting a bird the airaft landed using single wil be pushed back. engine landing procedure. 7 i unable to follow tax! instructions 8 ro longer has engines runnin 30 PROGRESS TEST 2Radiotelephony - Plain English St s6 51 a8 Herth Ge the words cs tuele phrases 3b ‘from the dialogue. 110n/to/ Echo / direction / unable / due / proceed / ‘opposite / aircraft /in — 2.us/we/a/Postine / nose / nose / have / Fokker / 0/ with /on/ to / Echo 3.a/ ahead / taldragger / there's / about / 1,000 tt / right / left / crossing /t0 ‘4 lamp oost / the /-hit / here / we / with / left / wing / 5 disembark / we / advise / passengers / company / here / our _ Clarification 4a Work with a partner. Student A is the pilot of TC-WI taxiing for departure. Student B is a tower ATCO. Read the dialogue outline and decide what j to say. Tower Towy Ask for clarification of the problem Give instructions to taxito stand 3 Say stand 6 is unavailable. Repeat Instructions to taxi to stand 3 Say you'l relay the request 4b Role play the dialogue, then change roles and do itagain. Check against the model dialogue in the ‘Answer Key. 5a 5b Vocabulary Cheek Match the words in the box with the definitions. piece (n) panel (n) track () sign (f)toad (y) foam (r) nauseous (ad) follow (v) 1 To follow the course of a moving object using special equipment 2 An individual object or part of something 3 To put cargo into or onto something to be wafisported 4 Fesling as if you want to vomit 6 To travel behind or along something oF to doas. instructed 6 A fat part of the skin of the aircraft that can be removed 7 A thick substance containing a lot of bubbles used for stopping fire 8 An object that uses words or pictures to give information | Complete the sentences with the words from Sa. 1 The engineer needed to remove the to work on the electrics. 2 ATC were able to aircraft using radar. the movement of the 3 The severe turbulence let him feeling 4 The ground staff were unable to all the cargo in time 5 ts better to use rather than water on an electrical fre 6 We the car tothe correct stand 7 The equipment is made of ve diferent 8he clearly showed ‘no entry’ Discussion Discuss the questions with a partner. 1 Desoribe a birdstrike incident you have heard of 2 What are the main differences between cargo and. passenger fights? 3 What do you think are the main causes of aircraft fire? ‘4 What can be done to reduce taxiway incidents? 5 What age do you think pilots and controllers should retire? Why? PROGRESS TEST 2 31_DITCHINGS Describe the picture Plain English - Listening for detail ee een Serene @ 1.44 Listen again and complete the table. jon De wreck fuselage register submerged split broken ‘@ 1.43 Now listen to the sample answer. ‘Answer the questions. + Where is the plane? 2 What do you think happened? 1 3 How long after the landing do you think the photo was taken? Why? : 4 Where was the photographer in relation to the | aircraft? aa '5 What do you think will happen next? _ Plain English ~ Listening for gist @ 1.44 Listen to an instructor talking to cadets about ditching at sea, Which of these topics does 3 | the instructor not refer to? 4 coastal areas, fight plans rivers fuel problems 5 = | lakes fishing | a ' search and rescue trees DITCHINGSRadiotelephony - Listening Ba_@ 1.45 Listen to the dialogue between PF, PNF ‘and ATC. Answer the questions 1 What isthe problem? 2 What is the direction and distance to GDM Mombassa? 3 What is Oxair 371s frst request? 4 What did ATO not hear? 5 Whore wil the plot try and land? {6 What is Oxeir's second request? Radiotelephony - Plain English Sb Rearrange the words to make phrases from the dialogue. 1 bet / got / cabin crew / the passengers /to / the 2 are not / to reach / able / think / the land / we 8 both / engines / may / we /lose 4 coastal /facities/ we / limited / rescue / have / very 5 is /and / has / away /in sight / five miles / you the helcooter Clarification 4a Work with a partner. Student A is a pilot of a Beechcraft Bonanza, PK-RTA, en route between two Pacific islands. Student B is an ATCO at Shalaba Centre, Read the dialogue outline and decide what to say. PK-RTA ATCO ‘Suggest alternate airfield on Lungga. ‘sland, 19 miles south Say will alert ‘coastguard. Request Intentions ‘Acknowedge, Request POR. ‘Acknowledge. Say ‘coastguard helicopter has been scrambled 4b Role play the dialogue, then change roles and do it again. Check against the model dialogue in the ‘Answer Key. Vocabulary Check 5a Match the words in the box with the definitions, flotation (nr) inflatable (ad)) boat (n)_ ship (n) procedure (n) lake (n) coast (r). impact (v) 1 A small vessel people use for traveling on water 2 The correct way of doing something 3 An object which is filed with air before using it 4 Alarge area of water that is surrounded by land 5 Land next to the sea 6 To hit another object, 7 The ability to float 8 A large vessel people use for travelling on water 5b Complete the news report with the words from 5a, Observers five miles inland saw alight aicrat fying low ‘overhead, clearly in trouble. It was too mountainous to attempt a landing and the (1) was crowded wath (2) and swimmers. The open sea was the only option. The pilot flew over the (3) ‘and cartied out ditching (4) before © the water. He managed to cimb out of the cockpit and hang on to a(6) vice and ‘was resoued by an (7) acruise 6) round-the-world voyage. dinghy sent from which was returning from a Discussion 6 Discuss the questions with a partner. 1 Describe a ditching you've had or know of. 2 What do you think are the major causes of citchings? 3 What can be done to minimize the risk after ditching? 4 What technology exists to help pilots ofa have ditched? 5 Do you think the incidence of ditchings will increase or decrease in the future? Why? raft who DITCHINGS 33Describe the picture 4a Describe what you can see in the picture, Use the ‘words in the box. plain grass airstrip remote mammal ridge wit @ 1.46 Now listen to the sample answer. 4b Answer the questions. + Why do you think the aircraft nas landed here? 2 What danger does the elephant pose to the aircraft, its erew and passengers? 3 What other wife could be present here? 44 Where was the photographer in relation to the elephant and the arcratt? 5 Do you think thore are any airfield facies here? Why? Why not? Plain English ~ Listening for gist 2a @ 1.47 Listen to a pilot describing a flight to a colleague. Choose the best summary. ‘A lve animal broke loose in the cargo hold of an aircraft in fight, 1a Live animals were Incorrectly loaded with dangerous goods. Live animals caused damage to aircraft systems In fight. 34 ANIMALS Plain English ~ Listening for detail 2b @ 1.47 Listen again and answer the questions. 1 What hazardous material was loaded on the aircraft? 2 How long was the delay before departure? ‘3 What animal was loaded on the aircraft? 4 What was the weight ofthe aircraft on landing in Brisbane? 5 Why does the pilot think the situation happened? {6 What does the pil think fight crew should have in future? Radiotelephony - Listening Ba_@ 1.48-1.50 Listen to the dialogues. Match each of the animals below situations (1-2). 1-d) with one of the s¥ 1 Arriving traffic 2 Departing traffic3b 4a 4b Radiotelephony - Plain English Match the beginnings (1-5) with endings (ae) to make sentences from the dialogues, 1 There's wildlife running around 2 They're heading over towards 8 They look like rats, but 4 Well send someone out 5 Well have a vehicle a there to get it of. b come and remove it. Cin front of our aircraft over here, d they might be something else @ the grass on the right-hand side. Clarification Work with a partner. Student A is a first officer on a turbo prop aircraft, call sign Aviair 352, which has aborted take off on RWY 251. Student B is a tower controller at Nabang International Airport. Read the dialogue outline and decide what to say. First Officer Tower Controller Give tax! instructions Request reason Request description of ‘animals State ground services will investigate athe ie Role play the dialogue, then change roles and do it again. Check against the model dialogue in the ‘Answer Kay. Discussion Discuss the questions with a partner, 1 What animals pose a threat to operations where you work or fly? 2 Why are wild animals a danger to aircraft? 3 What can be done to reduce the risk posed by animals? 5a live (aa 5b Vocabulary Check Match the words in the box with the definitions. hazard (o)_ wildlife (n) run around (v) (\) dead (adi) roam (y). rodent (n) 1 Something that could be danaerous oF could cause damage or accidents 2 No longer alive 3 To make an area or building safe 4 Animals that live in natural conditions 5 Moving to many different parts or areas 6 To move or travel with no particular purpose 7 Atype of small animal with long, sharp front teeth, for example a mouse 8 Living and nat dead Complete the comments from a pilot's Internet forum with the words from Sa. {Bloek1979) I've seen loads of (1) digging Up the grass at Royston. It's areal 2) once had to get out and remove a (3) cone from the runway, (durmeat2002) I've seen coyotes (4) the field at night looking for food at Royston. | guess they’ chasing those rats! Barondreenneen It doesn't sound like Royston's very well (5) You shouldn't have to share it withthe (6) igdave) | once had a (7) aircraft with me. When we started up, he v and started (@) bin! lizard in the oke up 4 What types of live animals are carried in aircraft? '5 What considerations must airines make when carrying lve animals? ANIMALS 35Describe the picture Describe what you can see in the picture. Use the words in the box. Unstable low wheel smoke nose grass @ 2.01 Now listen to the sample answer. ‘Answer the questions. +1 What is happening in the picture? 2 What are the markings on the plane? 3 What is the flap configuration? ‘4 Where was the photograph taken from? 5 What do you think will happen next? Plain English - Listening for gist @ 2.02 Listen to a session for controllers on separation and wake turbulence, According to the recording, who is responsible for anticipating wake ‘turbulence? WIND AND TURBULENCE Plain English - Listening for detail @ 2.02 Listen again and fill in the spaces. [ATOs may separate departing aircraft by visual means after considering aircraft performance, wake turbulence, (1) ‘outes of fight and known (2) ___The ATC must have both aircraft (3) ‘and must be in @ __with at least one of them. The fight ‘orew of the (5) aircraft must be able to 90 the (6) -—— lrerat. In (7) airspace which has ATC radar coverage, the controller must inform the pilot of (8) aircraft and VFR traffic. Radiotelephony - Listening @ 2.03 Listen to the dialogue. Read the summary and correct the three mistakes. (GH1559 encountered heavy rain and thunderstorms. [ATC gave them two options; go north or turn west and {90 south ofthe weather. The plot wanted to go north because the weather was moving south. ATC gave all traffic alerts about windshear, microburst activity and severe snow. ATC informed GH1659 that a thunderstorm ‘was directly over the airport and gave them two options; to direct then somewhere to hokd oF to issue delaying ‘vectors. GH1559 requested a straight in approach due to minimum fue.3b 4a 4b Radiotelephony - Plain English Rearrange the words to make phrases from the dialogue. 1 south / appears / weather / moving / be / to / the 2 what / you / do / want? / roger, / heading 3 thunderstorm / right / ight /we / a / over / airport ? the / have / now - — 4 we /be able / runway 19/0n / you /to bring fin / may 5 you / keep / us / informed / et / us /for / and / ‘works / what / know. Clarification Work with a partner. Student A is pilot. Student B is steward. Read the dialogue outline and decide what to say. Pilot Steward ‘Ask when ‘Say passenger locked in tollet Explain passenger has locked tollet and is stuck ‘Acknowledge Role play the dialogue, then change roles and do it again, Check against the model dialogue in the ‘Answer Key, 5a 5b Vocabulary Check Match the words in the box with the definitions. unconventional (adi) separation (n) anticipate (¥) ‘bumpy (ad) displace (v). unstable (ad) touch (v) traling fad) 1 To make physical contact 2 The condition of being apart 8 To think that something will probably happen 4 Moving up or down in an uncomfortable way 5 To move something out of position 6 Different from what is considered to be normal 7 Something which comes after something else 8 Not in a fixed place or state Complete the pilot's report on the effect of wake turbulence with the words from 6a | was below the heavy but didn't have adequate “ It caused quite a (2) for my passengers. Fortunately | (3) fide the effects and was able to keep control. We were probably (4) more than 30 degrees in a roll but stil (6) _ the Jumbo. We ended up having an (6) __ ‘approach which led to en (7) landing one wheel at a time. thought the wingtip was going to () the runway, but in the end we were fine and were able to taxi safely o the apron, Discussion Discuss the questions with a partner. 1 How do meteorological conditions affect wake turbulence? 2 How can a pilot counter the effects of crosswinds? 3 How can controllers assist pilots in dealing with the weather on landing? 4 How has technology made it easier to cope with weather on the ground? 5 How will technology help this in the future? 37 WIND AND TURBULENCESe nanueuens te Describe the picture Describe what you can see in the picture, Use the ‘words in the box. departure mountainous spray fluid mett de-icing facility 2.04 Now listen to the sample answer. ‘Answer the questions. 1 Why s the aircraft being de-iced? 2 Where do you think the picture was taken? 3 What aificuities might the crew face wher manoeuvring? Why? 4 How long will the procedure take? fnere on the airfild is this activity taking place? Plain English - Listening for gist ® 2.05 Listen to a type rating instructor talking about an icing event. Put the events in the correct order. a The pilot contacted ATC. b The pilot stated he would fly until conditions improved, © The aircraft rapidly began losing airspeed. d Ice began building up on the wing, fe The pilot made an emergency descent. ICING wnat “BS MA a Plain English - Listening for detail @ 2.05 Listen again and decide what these numbers mean. 18-200 5 1,200 28 3 1,200 418 64000 7 11,000 Radiotelephony - Listening @ 2.06 Listen to the dialogue. Put the events in the correct order. ‘a 260 gets control ofthe aircraft at 6,500rt. bb 2D says they would lke to continue the approach, A Dornier, call sign 28 D, makes an Uncontrolled descent. The ATCO thinks the ice is causing problams for communication. © The ATCO suggests instrument is maifunctioning. + United 883 is iss 4g The ATCO warns 2 icing conditions ane hy United 883 repo" ‘ATCO, D's airspeed3b 4a 4b Radiotelephony - Plain English Rearrange the words to make phrases from the dialogue. 1 control / getting / I'm / now /just / some 2 your /frazen / up / maybe /is/ pitot tube lost / we /all airspeed / with / warning / no 4 might / pick / icing / some / you / more / up 5 on/ have /ice/ you / might / antenna / your Work with a partner. Student A is a captain of a private jet, callsign Sierra 464, cleared to altitude 3,000 ft passing FL6O. Student B is an ATCO at Winjao approach control. Read the dialogue outline and decide what to say. Captain ‘ATCO ‘Acknowiedge and request reason for lim ‘Acknowledge Request intentions Suggest altemate and ‘say weather Role play the dialogue, then change roles and do it again. Check against the model dialogue in the Answer Key. Discussion Discuss the questions with a partner. 1 Is icing an issue where you work or fly? Why? Why rot? 2 What meteorological conditions lead to icing? 3 Why is ice accretion a problem? 5a 5b Vocabulary Check Match the words in the box with the definitions. pick up (v). build up (¥) boot (n) freeze up (v) ‘melt (v) vibrate (v) accumulate (v) heat (r) 1 To get more and more of something over a period of tine 2 To increase 3 To collect a quantity of something 4 The quality of being hot 5 A tube bonded to a surface, e.g. wing edge. When pressurized with fui, it breaks up ice. 6 Becomes $0 cold that it does not work 7 To change a solid substance into a liquid 8 To shake very quickly with small movements Complete the General Aviation Owner's Club Quidance briefing on VIP visits with the words from $a, GAOC safety guidance Tce in flight is bad news. Ice (1) _ on every exposed frontal surface of the airplane. 1) “* where no (3) can (4) __it, and where (5) can't break it. This is not just the wings, propeller, and windshield, but also on the antennas, vents, intakes, and cowlings. It can cause pilot tubes to (6) «and antennas to QM ~ so severely that they break. In moderate to severe conditions, a light aircraft can (8) so much ice that continued flight is impossible. 4 What equipment do aircraft have to manage icing? '5 What do pilots typically do if they experience severe icing in fight?Describe the picture Describe what you can see in the picture. Use the ‘words in the box. dark convective storm fork lightning water distance © 2.07 Now listen to the sample answer. ‘Answer the questions. 1 Where do you think the picture was taken? 2 What time of year is it? 3 What phase of fight do you think the aircraft isin? 4 What difficulties might the fight crew be experiencing? 5 What wil happen next? Radiotelephony - Listening Plain English - Listening for gist © 2.08 Listen to a radio interview with an experienced pilot talking about flying in stormy weather. Tick (y/) the things she mentions. the experience of fying through a storm on-board weather detection equipment turbulence convective storms fight diversion || damage to aircraft Plain English - Listening for detail ‘@ 2.08 Listen again and answer the questions. 1 When is flying through storms especially frightening? 2 How does she fly through a line of storms? ‘3 When is the radar particularly useful? ‘4 What can't pilots prepare for? Why? 5 How far did she once divert? Why? ‘®@ 2.09-2.12 Listen to the four dialogues. Match the correct information with each call sign. asign es ‘otyink 662 a Wnshear [ienymicese —* “aWadebeor [Boose 5 Ughing ste | 3 Buzzard 291 @ Severe turbulence 4 Ocean 452 J. Cumulonimbus STORMS a Remarks ‘A Execute a missed approach B Requests diversion for maintenance inspection | ‘Had no prior warning ‘D Unable to comply with ATC instructions3b 4a 4b Radiotelephony ~ Plain English Match the beginings (1-5) with endings (a-e) to make sentences from the dialogue 1 We think we've had a 2 According to MET we didn't 3 Request higher or a new heading 4 There feels lke a lot of 5 We'd like to divert to Southampton to 5a 2 expect any thunderstorm activity b get the airframe checked please. ¢ for immediate weather avoidance, d lightning strike on the port side, © Charlie Bravo activity around here. Clarification 8b Work with a partner. Student A is the captain of a medium-sized jet, cal sign Norte 243, maintaining FL270. Student B is an en-route ATCO at Sao Luis, ‘centre, Read the dialogue outline and decide what, to say. | Seen Assign slower speed use injuries: Relay a PIREP Role play the dialogue, then change roles and do it again. Check against the model dialogue in the ‘Answer Key, Vocabulary Check Match the words in the box with the definitions. ‘updraft (r) jolt) strike (n)_ cell (n) through (adv) ‘around (adv) into (adv) circumnavigate (v) 1 From one side of something to the other side of it 2 A sudden violent movement 3 The central part of a thunder cloud 4 An impact or colision 5 Moving in a circular way to get to the other side 6 To fy completely around something 7 Entering a place or thing 8 Arising current of air Complete the website information with the words from 5a. bttbw/www.pilotsandstorms.com While most pilots’ instinct isto (1) storm (2) + the NOAA's" Hurricane Hunters fy (3)__them. When hurricanes threaten the USA, Lockheed WP-3Ds fly completely 4 ccollect data to pass baok to meteorologists on _-sshe hurricane up to six times to the ground. As they head for the eye of the storm, the pilots fight increasingly strong (6) from (6) land lightning (7) _ ‘and downdratts, intense rain - Meanwhile, the NOAA's Gulfstream jet is fying over hundreds of miles of ocean (8) Information which helps predict where a storm Is heading, the storm, gathering ‘National Oceanic and Atmosphere Administration Discussion Discuss the questions with a partner. 1 What conditions can pilots encounter when fying in stormy weather? 2 What procedures are in place for low visibility ‘operations where you work? 3 How does stormy weather affect general and ‘commercial aviation differently? 4 How is weather information communicated to ATCOs and fight crews? 5 How acourate are weather predictions these days? STORMS 41Describe the picture Describe what you can see in the picture, ‘Answer the questions. 1 What kind of person is the flight for? 2 Where do you think the photo was taken? 3 Where are the animals in relation to the aircraft? 4 D0 you think the aircraft Is inbound or outbound? Why? ‘5 What do you think will happen next? ‘© 2.13 Now listen to the sample answer. Plain English ~ Listening for gist © 2.14 Listen to an instructor giving a presentation to a group of ab-_nitio ai-traffic controllers. Choose the best tite for the talk. {a The top ive weather conditions which affect aviation. b Comparison of the effects of summer and winter weather patterns. ¢ How weather affects fight scheduling PROGRESS TEST 3 Plain English - Listening for detail © 2.14 Listen again and make notes under the headings ules ans Passenger injuries ‘Summer weather Departures Radiotelephony ~ Listening © 2.15 Listen to the dialogue. Put the events in the correct order. ‘a The pilot requests terrain information. b The pilot declares an emergency due to engine failure. © The local ATCO suggests a right turn to be closer to rescue boats. d The pilot makes a distress call due to loss of power @ The local ATCO advises terrain with no trees to the southeast. The pilot warns of a possible dtRadiotelephony ~ Plain English Vocabulary Check ‘Sb _ Rearrange the words to make phrases from the 5a_ Match the words In the box with the definitions. dialogue. (pena aired | HAT eanicta /tn inflatable (r) impact (¥) hazard (n)_ separation (n) unstable (adj) trailing (adj) vibrate (v) cireummavigate () 2 landing? / what /the 1s /sutable / closest / or aba s Strike against another thing 2 The condition of being apart Stink /1/ we / enough / have / don't make /. + 3 Not ina fixed place or state height /to/ over /it/ water / the 4To shake very quickly with small movements a ee eae 5 An object which i filed with air before using it ‘6 Something that could be dangerous or could cause eee ‘damage or accidents ctvty / there / advised / the /is/ are / no / on / 7 Something which comes after something else eniie! = 8 To move in a circular way so thet you get to the "i other side of something Clarification 5b Complete the sentences with the words from Sa, 4a_ Work with a partner. Student Ais pliot of N340S, a ‘ light aircraft, maintaining 6,000 ft, VFR. Student 8 +The life raft was deployed soon after is an ATCO. Read the dialogue outline and decide what to say. el ‘ATCO Na40s 2 The support was and soit collapsed. Advise AC of Wx 20 3 The Cessna ihe ground so heavily that im a the gear bent go ‘Ask about weather a 4 The controller asked the Airbus ithe ‘Say severe CBs Ask if anyone has could see any damage to the Boeing taxing in flown through the area Say other AC front re-routing othe north nie ae oe 5 In 1924 the frst aircra ‘the world. Give WX information 6 inadequate ted to a near miss Request heeting to 7 Flocks of large birds can be a major follow deviating traffic te ctfats Di ms : 8 Turbine blades in jet engines rapidly 4b ole play the dialogue, then change roles and do isciasind it again, Check against the model dialogue in the Answer Key. 6 Discuss the questions with a partner. 1 How can technology help plots who ditch at sea? 2 What problems can animals cause aircraft? 8 How will global warming affect aviation in the future? 4 What precautions need to be taken when operating in very cold environment? '5 What are the worst weather conditions you have experianced when working? PROGRESS TEST 3 43aT) ana DEPRESSURIZATION Describe the picture Describe what you can see in the picture. Use the words in the box. top failure damaged structural vehicle section @ 2.16 Now listen to the sample answer. Answer the questions. 1 How do you think the damage occurred? 2 What would be the effect of the damage on the handling of the plane? ‘8 What could the pilot have done in order to land the damaged plane successfully? 4 Where do you think the picture was taken? '5 What do you think will happen next? Plain English - Listening for gist © 2.17 Listen to a news report ona depressurization incident. Choose the most suitable heading, 2 Terrorist attack grounds plane Oxygen cylinder tums into bomb © Lucky escape for passengers DEPRESSURIZATION © 2.17 Listen again and correct the five errors in the summary. An oxygen cyinder a hole in an A330 leading to 2 loss of cabin pressure, The aircraft left Oslo with 364 assenaers and eignt crew. A loud bang wes heard just after take-off. No one was hurt but a one-fhetre rupture had failed on other ally @6 a result of interven causes such was discovered in fuselage, Cylinder aircraft but us as fre. Radiotelephony - Listening @ 2.18 Listen to the dialogue. Decide if the sentences are true or false. Write T or F 4 Sunbird 404 is inbound for landing at Exeter. 2 The wind at Exeter is 015 degrees at 40 kn, 3 QNH is 1020 miibars. 4 Sunbird asks London for a straight-in approach from 11,000 ft. 5 They are told to squawk 7 6 There is a hole in the lft side of the airratt 7 The emergency services are in place ready for ‘Sunbird 404, 8 Sunbird 404 is cleared to land,3b 4a 4b Radiotelephony ~ Plain English Rearrange the words to make phrases from the dialogue. ialog) — 1 up / your / breaking / transmission /is 2.128.978? / can / switch / you / frequency / to 3 work / to like / would / we / this / frequency 4 the / we / attendants / with / communicate / fight / cannot 5 well / passengers / assistance / the / need / for Clarification 5b SE acktorieason om SE ee (132,250) 6 Role play the dialogue, then change roles and do it again, Check against the model dialogue in the ‘Answer Key. sabotage (0) rupture (r) discharge (\) external fad) residue (9) Vocabulary Check Match the words in the box with the definitions. failure (n)_ structural (ad) penetrate (v) 1 Describing something which has been constructed, suchas an aircraft 2 Deliberate damage to somebody else's property 3 An occasion when somethina breaks open 4 A stoppage or breakdown 5 To force a way into 66 What remaine after the main partis removed or gone 7 A release of power 8 Connected to the outside or outside part Complete the investigation on a depressurization Incident with words from 5a ‘A Royal Air 747-438 lost cabin pressure when a small piece of metal (1) ‘the fuselage causing a which led to decompression. Analysis of the (3) damage and the (4) _ point to an (5) of the metal left -act of aggression rather than an act of (6) __ from within the plane The possibilty of an accidental (7) _ firearm of the perimeter fence personnel has not been trom a dismissed, However a (8) security clearly took place, whether deliberate or not. in airport Discussion Discuss the questions with a partner. 1 Describe a depressurization incident you know of or have experienced. 2 What isthe effect of depressurization? 3 What are the effects of planes fying at higher altitude? 4 How has the construction of aircraft changed in the last 20 years? 5 What changes do you think will happen to aircraft cconstruction in the future? DEPRESSURIZATION 45Describe the pictures 1a. Tell the story in the pictures. Use the words in the box. ‘concerned malicious headlock strangle wrestle kneel @ 2.19 Now listen to the sample answer. 1b Answer the questions. 1 Why did the passenger attack the pilot? 2 How did the other passengers foot? 3 What wil the fight 4 What wil the cabin 5 How will the man be punished? w do now? 3a dg now? Plain English ~ Listening for gist 2a ‘© 2.20 Listen to a news broadcast about an in- flight incident and underline the correct information, | Western pacific 26 diverted to Seoul at 0930 |e siok / woul TAX. Flight attendants other PAX unable to pacity (restrain iim. (Flight attendants / other PAX held im down ‘tat arrived in Seoul, PAX arrested by airport security / Local law enforcement. 46 PASSENGER PROBLEMS Plain English ~ Listening for detail © 2.20 Listen again and decide if the statements are true or false. Write T or F 1 A male passenger believed the aircraft was sintagrating, 2 Other passengers restrained his arms and legs. 3 There were several injuries during the struggle 4 The passenger had consumed alcohol. 5 The passenger took his medication before the fight 6 The captain thinks the altitude also affected the passenger's behaviour Radiotelephony ~ Listening © 2.21 Listen to a conversation between a flight crew and an air-traffic control officer. Put the events in the correct order. a The ATC asks for the crew's intentions after landing b The pilot says a group of people are restraining the unruly PAX. ¢ The controller © divert The pilot says he will nd out where north cargo five is. firm tion to The aircraft is overweight for runway 27L. {The he PAX. controller checks on the situation with + offers aT contact Indair operatios fh The flight crew would lke to park at an Indair gate3b 4a 4b Radiotelephony ~ Plain English Rearrange the words to make phrases from the dialogue. 1 diversion / understand / you /) / for /Jaoking j a / 2 down five /about / holding / people / got / him 3 is / going / two seven left / not / work / to 4 possible / we'd / to go to / lke /it/ gate / a company 5 me / you / like / would / coordinate / operations? / with /10 Clarifi Work with a partner. Student A is the first officer of large passenger jet, call sign Mainline $34, climbing to FL820, passing FL240. Student B is an en-route ATCO at Cortes centre. Read the dialogue outline and decide what to say. ication Captain ATCO ‘Acknowledge. Request more, information {Give instructions to descend, Ask for update on status in cabin Undertake to alert relevant services Role play the dialogue, then change roles and do it again. Check against the model dialogue in the ‘Answer Key. 5a yell) 5b Vocabulary Check Match the words in the box with the definitions. hurt v) handouff (v) threaten (y) alarm (n} hold down |v). confront v) unarmed (ad) 1 Fear that something unpleasant might happen, 2 Togo close to someone in a threatening way 8 To cause physical pain or injury 4 To put metal rings on somebody's wrists to restrain, them 65 Not carrying a weapon 6 To tell someone that you might cause them harm, in order to make them do sometning 7 To shout or make a loud noise 8 To hold someone so that they cannot move Complete the news report with the words from Sa, ee L Passengers on a Cirrus Airlines fight last week saw first-hand how important ar marshals are to fight security. Ap (1) rman, 28, with history cof agsaiit, ran towards the cockpit, 2), that he wanted to see the pilot, and (8) ther passengers. He was (4). tov two air marshals who quick (5) and (6) chance to (7) him before he had himsatf or others. The event caused some (8) ‘among the passengers on board, but the fight continued to its destination with no further incident. Discussion Discuss the questions with a partner. 11 What routine security procedures do you encounter In your work? 2 What security measures and equipment are in place on board aircraft? 8 What procedures do you follow if you have an Unlawful interference at work? 4 What changes do you think will happen in the future? Why? 6 Describe an unlawful interference incident you know of, PASSENGER PROBLEMS 47BOMB SCARE Departur | Describe the pictures Plain English - Listening for gist 1a Desoribe what you can see in the pictures. Use the 2a @ 2.25 Listen to @ news report on an attempted words in the box. hijack. How did the man try to hijack the plane? same sign machine controled track helmet ae Plain English - Listening for detail @ 2.22 Now listen to the sample answer. 2b © 2.23 Listen again and answer the questions. +1 Where did the hijacker want the plane to fy to? 2 How old was he? 3 When was he arrested? 4 What do the passengers disagree with the airline 1b Answer the questions. I 1 Describe the position of the men in each picture. 2 What are the similarities between the two pictures? about? 3 What are the differences between the two pictures? EG ae eaceennere rontes someting wes 4 Do you think the two pictures are connected to the wrong? ‘same incident? Why / why not? {6 What is the unconfirmed alternative explanation? 5 What do you think will happen next? Radiotelephony - Listening 3a_@ 2.24 Listen to the dialogue. Make notes under the headings. a Resolution 48 BOMB SCARERadiotelephony - Plaii English 3b 5a Rearrange the words to make phrases from the dialogue. 1 had / passengers / thraa /a/ report /we /have / suspicious / of 2 passengers / aisle / three / armed / are / there / the / in / standing 9 the / intend / 10 /1/ put / ‘9 /into / negative / aircraft 4 security marshals / the purser and / overpower / In/a/ position / 10 /them / are _ 6 restrained / the / passengers / a bamb / three / Package / the / and /is not / are 5b Clarification 42. Work with a partner. Student A is pilot of Atlanta 276. Student B is ATC Western Approach. Read the dialogue outline and decide what to say. Plat ie} ‘Ackhowledge, Request stalus 2S ‘Ask if fight attendant found a bom = Give radar vector 6 ‘Acknowledge. Say security ar standing by 4b Role play the dialogue, then change roles and do it again. Check against the model dialogue in the Answer Key. Vocabulary Check ‘Match the words in the box with the definitions. suspicious (adi) examine (v)_disposal (a) demand (\) armed (ad) air marshal r)_ restrain (v) overpower (v) 1 The process of getting rid of something 2 To defeat someone by having greater strength 8 To prevent someone from doing something 4 Making you believe that something is wrong 5 To ask for something forcefully 6 Paain clothes security officer on board a fight 7 Carrying a weapon 8 To look at something carefully ‘Complete the report on an attempted hijack with the words from Sa. The passenger did not look (1) He was dressed normally and was calm. About 20 ‘minutes into the fight he stood up and said he was (2) ° ‘opened. Fortunately an (4) with an explosive device. He that the door to the fight deck be was sat behind the passenger. He managed to(6)__,__ him and with the help of other passengers (6) the attempted hijacker. We were worried because we Could see that something with wires was attached to bya bomb expert it was found to be a harmless his body. But after being (7) ea) alarm clock wired to a battery. Discussion Discuss the questions with a partner. 1 What security procedures are in place in your work? 2 What procedures do you have to follow if you have an in-fght bomb threat at work? {3 What is your opinion of current security measures? 4 How has security changad in the last 20 years? 5 What changes do you expect in the future? BOMB SCARE 49Describe the picture 4a Describe what you can see in the picture. Use the words in the box. surface attitude ’ © 2.25 Now listen to the sample answer. Plain English ~ Listening for gist @ 2.26 Listen to an air accident investigator giving a press release about an accident at take-off Underline the correct information in the summary. 2a 2b ‘An Airbus A340-500 sutfered (1) engine problems .e during take-off. The crew (2) applied / ccoulan’t apply more power and the aircraft eventually, , (3) came to a stop / lifted oft After.the accidk runway inspectors found (4) one long serape / A several scranes along the runway and onto the ‘and discovered that the aircraft und runway safety a had also struck the (6) perimeter fence /aro' ) airframe / main landing goa installations. The sustained major damage. TAKE-OFF INCIDENTS ‘Answer the questions. + Do you think the aircraft is landing or taking off? why? 2 Why do you think the tail of the aircraft is $0 close to the surface? 3 What do you think will happen next? 4 What sort of fight do you think itis? 10 do you think took the photograph? Plain English - Listening for detail @ 2.26 Listen again and complete the sentences with no more than two words. 1 The ‘as pilot fying for the departure. 2The selected maximum take-off thrust. 1e made contact with the ground 1 fusel 4 The airoraft hit @ high intensity strobe nt. 5 The portion of the ILS became inoperative. 6 Runway inspectors found an at the end of the runway.3a 3b 4a 4b Radiotelephony - Listening @ 2.27-2.29 Listen to three dialogues and answer the questions (1-6) using the call signs (a-f). aGoose 506 b Taurus 823. ¢ Flightstar 433 d Azure 625. Skybird 451 f Easy 775 Which aircraft 1 Needs to contact its company? ‘initiates a missed approach procedure? 3 Reports fuel on the ground? 4 Reports a fuel leak from an aircraft? 5 Has problems in the cabin? 6 Reports foreign objects on the ground? Radiotelephony - Plain English Match the beginnings (1-5) with endings (a-e) to ‘make sentences from the dialogue. 1 There's quite a bit of fuel on 2 We could see a leak coming 8 It looked as i it was trailing a 4 It looks like construction material 5 Can you contact your company and 2 find out if you can go back to gate 487 'b white vapour on the starboard side. © the right side of my taxiway. all over the runway here, €@ out the top of the right wing, Clarification Work with a partner. Student A is captain of an ‘A340, call sign Tiger 243, departing Vishapur, airborne, passing S00ft. Student B Is a tower ATCO. Read the dialogue outline and decide what to say. eT cimsns aaa nes TREE cscutonens Sn ese oe Role play the dialogue, then change roles and do it again. Check against the model dialogue in the Answer Key. 5a Vocabulary Check Match the words in the box with the definitions. leak (v) trail) material (n)_ over (adv) skin (n) scrape (v) debris (r)_ abrasion (n) 5b 1 To rub something against a surface 2 The action of rubbing a surface hard enough to damage it 3 Liquid or gas coming out of a hole or crack 4 On something and covering it 8 A substance used for a particular purpose. 6 The outer layer of an aircraft 7 The broken pieoes that are left when something large has been destroyed 8 A series of marks or objects left by something Complete the notes with the words from 5a. Performed Bnal rnucey inspection in vehicle 02 ater last mevemants. Approx 1000 #4 fam end of KWY ia, found several deep (1) ______. marks, and reine construction OO. grea (3). _ the ramoay. Miso found severd! pieces of metal (4) which looked Uke (8). places of fuselage I depres 100 Ft Rather a feng) — «of @) + ligetid begcn and continited to end of KU. KN unserviceable. maemo! Discussion Discuss the questions with a partn 1 Describe a take-off incident you know ot. 2 What do pilots consider when planning a take-off? ‘3 What things do ATCs consider when managing departing trafic? 4 What problems are associated with incorrect weight and balance? '5 What other problems can occur at take-off? TAKE-OFF INCIDENTS 51Describe the picture 41a. Describe what you can see in the picture. Use the words in the box. ; ——— calm Vessel reconnaissance rescue turn lifeboat @ 2.30 Now listen to the sample answer. ‘Ab Answer the questions. 1 Where do you think the photo was taken? 2 What do you think happened? 3 Which way is the wind blowing? aircraft? 5 What do you think will happen next? Plain English - Listening for gist 2a @ 2.31 Listen to a pilot describing how he became lost, Answer the questions. + What caused the instrument failure? 2 Why was it dificult to work with the charts? 3 How did they find out where they were? Pa 52 LOST 4 Where was the photographer in relation to the Plain English - Listening for detail @ 2.31 Listen again and fill in the missing words. 1 Paris gave usa____ heading. 2 The cote spread across the 3 The screen went biank, ___briefy and went blank again 4 {switched the screen off before it started smoking ‘or popping 5 Paris enquired whether we were on the 6 The charts were not aligned to 7 Paris asked us for 8 We stayed on a radar heading unt we picked up Radiotelephony - Listening @ 2.32 Listen to the dialogue. Choose the correct option to complete each sentence. + My instruments don’t seem to be working here / aren't working here. 2 | appear to have a problem with my compass / attitude. '8 You are four / five miles from the airport. 4 We're heading straight for the threshold / mide of the runway. 5 Contact / change to Humber Tower now at 120.5.Radiotelephony ~ Plain English Vocabulary Check 3b Rearrange the words to make phrases from the 5a_ Match the words in the box with the definitions, dialogue A veliEate Femergenay?? devistig/tual/é route (n) rescue (v) chart (n) align (¥) tow (ad) seem (v) compass (n) gyroscope / gy (n) 2.can / vector / airport? / us / see / enough 10 / + To postion along an axs or tne you /tha / low un 2 Aninstrument which points to magnetic north 3 Course of travel 3 approach /wil/ be /a / survellance / no-gyro / this Ye a 4 To save somebody or something from danger — 5 An instrument that stays steady when it spine 4 be / airport / o'clock / the / twelve / will a ‘around 8 A map for navigation — 7 Not high or tl 5 visually left /27 /o / cleared / runway /tand / 6 Taeppest tie pomating continue / are / you 5b Complete the briefing on a search and rescue a mmission with the words fr Clarification Hirine wrorsigdregy Be. 4a Work witha partner. Student Ais pilot of IF26EF. The missing ara was on a(t) between Student B is ATC at Elaka Control. Read the 4 hangtl and Wuman, The plot reported (2) dialogue outline and decide what to say. ms ly @ problems with the attitude incator which can’t rat are @ to be moving. He also wasn't sure that the (4 were (5) to magnetic aap aT north asthe (6) boating didnt match, position The last thing we heard the pct say was a request to be vectored (7) enough to 990 the ground. ‘Confirm 80 miles NE m 3 = ‘of CELRA VOR We wil work together with ground reconnaissance to find aaa. a ges ‘Acknowledge and ask to Squawk 6600, Es Discussion You cer't see them. ‘Aakio arcades «© DISCUSS the questions with a partner. 1 Describe a search and rescue you have been involved in or know of 4b ole play the dialogue, then change roles and do 2 Even today plots can sti get lost, Why? it again. Check against the model dialogue in the Answer Key. 8 How did pilots locate their position 20 years ago? 4 What technology exists to help navigation? 5 How do you think navigation technology will change in the future?Desoribe what you can see in the picture. ‘Answer the questions, 1 What is this type of aircraft used for? 2. Where do you think the photo was taken? ‘3 Whereis the alrcraft in relation to the cliffs? 4.Do you think the aircraft is inbound or outbound? Why? {5 What do you think will happen next? @ 2.33 Now listen to the sample answer. Plain English ~ Listening for gist © 2.34 Listen to an interview with a passenger of an aircraft that experienced decompression. Put the sentences in the correct order. a His ears hurt bb The cabin crew strapped themselves in. _ He saw a hole in the side of the aircraft. __ There was an announcement. __ Shee The passenger heard a loud bang. The oxygen masks dropped down. PROGRESS TEST 4 Plain English - Listening for detail 2 2.34 Listen again and answer the questions. 1 What happened immediately after the bang? 2 What was the passengers’ reaction? ‘3 What did the passenger think was the cause of the depressurizetion? 4 How long did it take to descend to a safe altitude? '5 What was the passengers’ reaction when the sircraft touched the ground? {6 What made the passenger realize how lucky she was? Radiotelephony ~ Listening ‘@ 2.35 Listen to the dialogue. Decide if the statements are true or false. Write T or F. 1 D-VTis an IFR fight en route from Dortfeld to Stremmen. 2.D-VT makes visual contact with traffic passing below. 8 D-VT is cleared for a straight-in approach for ‘Stremmen runway 08. 4 The tower controller cannot see D-VT. 5 D-VT can see buildings out of the right window. 6 The tower cor ifterent airfield ‘oller thinks D:VT is approaching aRadiotelephony Sb Rearrange the words to make phrases from the dialogue. 1 above / traffic / over /s / passing / now / you / right / left / slightly /to - 2 have / you / landing / your / do / on? / lights 8 fying / over / now? / what / are / you 4.a/ road / main / we're / area / over / a / built-up / with / at / 10 o'clock /my 5 believe / approaching / you / are / we / airfield / Draburg Clarification 4a Work with a partner. Student A is pilot of Runner 564 on a standard instrument departure altitude 4,000 ft. Student B is an ATCO at Moosan approach. Read the dialogue outline and decide what to say. Runner 564 Moosan Approach Call approach, request immediate return and seats Give vectors Reece Ask reason for return Report problem with Pregnant PAX Request clarification PParaphrase problem Acknowlodge Undertake to alert 4 Role play the dialogue, then change roles and do it again. Check against the model dialogue in the Answer Key. Vocabulary Check ‘Sa_ Match the words in the box with the definitions. rupture (n)_ sabotage (n) hurt (v)_ suspicious fad) examine (\) debris (n)_ skin (o)_ align () 1 To look at something carefully 2 The pieces that are left when something has been destroyed, 8 To cause physical pain or injury 4 The process of breaking open or bursting 8T 6 To position along an axis or line 7 Making you believe that something is wrong 8 Deliberate damage outer layer of an aircraft Complete the sentences with the words from 5a 1 The runway was covered with from the burst tyres 2 The package was __ cause it had wires ‘coming from it. 3 The charts were not with true north, 4 The colision the fuel tank. 5 Sugar in the fuel was an act of 6 The was damaged by the badly positioned airstai. 7 The inspectors the crash site for possible causes of the accident. 8 The passenger was when the bag fell out ofthe overhead locker. Discussion Discuss the questions with a partner. 1 What are the main effects of depressurization? 2 What are the advantages and disadvantages of fights carrying armed marshals? 3 How do you think aviation security procedures wil ‘change in the future’ 4 What problems can occur at take-off? ‘5 Compare navigation now with 30 years ago. PROGRESS TEST 4 55Describe the picture 41a. Describe what you can see in the picture. Use the words in the box. hangar maintenance cowling intake diagnostic Inspect ‘@ 2.36 Now listen to the sample answer. 4b Answer the questions. + What systems could the engineers be checking? 2 How long do you think the maintenance will take? 3 How do you think the engineer climbed inside the nacelle? 4 Why was the picture taken? 5 Where was the photograph taken from? Ss Plain English - Listening for gist @ 2.37 Listen to four pilots who work for the same ‘company. Decide what they are talking about. 2a 2 Flying with inoperative equipment b Complaints about inoperative equipment ‘¢ Which equipment is most often inoperative 56 AIRCRAFT BREAKDOWN ~ Plain English ~ Listening for detail @ 2.37 Listen again and decide if the statements are true or false, Write T or + One aircraft's APU has been inoperative for some time. 2 One of the pilots recertly flew multiple legs without a functioning autopilot. 8 DB stopped flying due to medical reasons. 4 DB had been a miltary pilot. DB didn't mind pilots complaining about inoperative equipment, 6 Once, a captain didn't accept an aircraft because of the refreshments.on board. Radiotelephony - Listening @ 2.37 Liston to the dialogue between pilots and am air traffic controller and underline the correct information, 41 The pilot needs to do a vis the problem / wai inspection /rectity fenance. 34 becomes the active runway for departing / touching the 4 The pilot needs doors / disembs 5 The pilot doesn equipment, 6 A engines’ ests specifi a short MECHANICALRadiotelephony ~ Plain English 3b Rearrange the words to make phrases from the dialogue. 4 out /of service / disabled / runway 26 / aircraft due = 2 want / you / do / disembark / to / passenger / your 3 get / main / the / landing gear / need to / we / pinned 4 the field / there / Is / maintenance / i? / on / that can / do 5 for / we're / you / checking If /a mechanic / is / Clarification 4a Work with a partner. Student A is a tower ATCO at Fuimo Airfield. Student B is the pilot of a single engine light aircraft, call sign ITM, in position for departure on RWY 18. Read the dialogue outline and decide what to say. ATCO Plot Read back Report problems with engine Describe engine problem. Request rotumn to apron port engine shut ‘down, Request assistance 4b Role play the dialogue, then change roles and do it again. Check against the model dialogue in the Answer Key. AIRCRAFT BREAKDOWN ~ i Vocabulary Check 5@ Match the words in the box with the definitions mechanic (n) release (n) inoperative (ad))_ refuse (v) Sort out (\) hangar (n)_ install) MEL (n) 1 Not working 2 The act of letting someone or something leave a place in order to do a job 8 A document which provides for the operation of an aircraft in airworthy conditions 4 Someone whose job isto repair machines 5 To say that you do not want what someone hi offered to you 6 Alarge building where aircraft are kept 7 To solve a problem successfully 8 To puta plece of equipment in place 5b Complete the 8737-400 captain's report with the words from Sa, CONFIDENTIAL INCIDENT REPORTING Avtived at aircraft which had just spent two days in the ” Dispatch (2) indicated that there was an (3) ___ paperwork In place for the ‘secondary jump seat oxygen mask. The release indicated thatthe captain's oxygen mask was defective so it had been (4) in the secondary jump seat position, ‘The captain's position had been fited with the serviceable ‘mask from the secondary jump seat. However, the aicraft logbook incicated that the Captain's oxygen mask was 6 In my opinion ths is a no-go item so © the aircraft. |asked a (7) to ‘come to the aircraft to (8) the problem. Discussion 6 Discuss the questions with a partner. 1 Describe the maintenance f know. ties at an airport you 2 Have you ever experienced a mechanical problem with an aircraft? 3 How 4 How does unscheduled aircraft maintenance atfect airines? 5 How do aircraft breakdowns ymmon is unscheduled aircraft maintenance? fect airport operations? MECHANICAL 57AIRCRAFT BREAKDOWN — ELECTRICAL Describe the picture Describe what you can see in the picture. Use the words in the box. ‘engineer instruments internal hand tray @ 2.39 Now listen to the sample answer. ‘Answer the questions. +1 What is the aircraft? 2 Where was the photographer in relation to the engineer? 3 What is the engineer adjusting? 4 Why do you think this piace of equipment needs adjusting? 65 What do you think will happen next? Plain English ~ Listening for gist @ 2.40 Listen to an instructor introducing some ‘Aviation reports and choose the most appropriate heading, ‘a Common elect problems in aviation b Pilot error in aviation ¢ Pilot effect on electrical problems Plain English - Listening for detail @ 2.40 Listen again and decide if the sentences are true or false. Write Tor F 4 The reports were very detailed. 2 The Cessna had a loose alternator field wite. {3 The air taxi departed alternators off with drained batteries and used manual gear. he pilot locked the landing gear down. 4 Another pilot descended from altitude and did a short cruise descent. 6 The aircraft had generators instead of alternators Radiotelephony - Listening @ 2.41 Listen to the monologue. Complete the questions the controller asks 1 Do you have 2. Are you able to give me 3. Are you able to give me - an you see 5 Are youon 6 F-OP can you AIRCRAFT BREAKDOWN — ELECTRICALRadiotelephony - Plain En Rearrange the words to make phrases from the dialogue. 3b Sa 1 8 / you / think /1/ radar / on /1_ 2 turn / that / watch / way / f/ you /'/ to / see lights / the / try / get /on / turned /t0// 4 conflict / known / no / there / in / to /s/ vicinity / the / trafic 6 anti-colision / has / beacon / an electrical problem / may have / and / no / he / or strobes 5b Clarification Work with a partner. Student A is ATC. Student 8 is the pilot. Read the dialogue outline and decide what to say. 4a arc. Pit ‘Say you're on back-up power ‘Say unure ifyou can bbe heard Say no, electrical problem, Might have to divert ‘Atfirm divert to Saltash 4b_ Role play the dialogue, then change roles and do it again. Check against the model dialogue in the ‘Answer Key. AIRCRAFT delicate (ad) BREAKDOWN - Vocabulary Check Match the words in the box with the definitions. alternator (n)_ loose (act) ‘output (n)_ charge (4) strobe (v) generator (n) wire (n) 1A power-operated device for producing electricity 2 Astrong electric light that flashes very quickly 3 Needing skilful and careful treatment 4 Along thin piace of metal that carries electricity 5 The amount of something that 6 Aplece of equipment that produces an electrical current 7 Not fixed in position 8 To put electricity into something produced Complete the report on an electrical failure using the words from 5a. There was not a sufficient alternating current because one of the _leading to the @ was (3) This meant the battery was not (4) and the @ © Visible in the dark. The electrical s ‘was not enough to maintain the Consequently the aircraft was not stem on this type of aircraft is quite (7) damaged. However whatever type of (8) is being used to produ: and easily shoula power, battery level bbe monitored at all times. Discussion Discuss the questions with a partner. 1 Describe an electrical fault you have had or have heard about. 2 What do you think are the main causes of electrical faults? 3 How has technology changed the electric systems in aircraft? 4 What is your favourite electronic aviation gadget? why? 5 How do you think electronic systems will change in the future? ELECTRICAL 59active erupting plume VOLCANOES Describe the picture Describe what you can see in the picture. Use the words in the box. ash steam cloud ‘© 2.42 Now listen to the sample answer. ‘Answer the questions. 1 Which region of the world do you think the picture was taken in? Why? 2 At what time of day was the picture taken? 3 Who took the picture? 4 What effect would this have on fight operations? 5 What do you think will happen next? Plain English ~ Listening for gist ‘@ 2.43 Listen to an aviation safety consultant giving a seminar on voleanic activity. Which four volcanoes on the map does he talk about? Mount Popocatepetih 2b 60 j Scat ‘Anount Pinatubo Gaaronung Plain English - Listening for detail © 2.43 Listen again and match the events with the voleanoes (a-f). 1 A powerless descer 2 Closure of an airfield 3 Replacement of aircraft engines (2) 4 Damage to a brand new aircraft 6 Ash causing reduced visibility at an airfield (2) 6 Difficulties in advising pilots of the position of ash louds VOLCANOES 3a Radiotelephony - Listening @ 2.44 Listen to the dialogue. Underline the correct information. 1 The Asiana pilots report a weak / strong smell of voleanic ash 2 They wish to climb from / remain at present altitude. 3 Astanaline is fying at jower altitude than Asiana, 4 The Asiana crew smelt volcanic ash for 60 / 70 km. 5 They describe the dense haze. 6 They are confident cloud's direction o ro of the3b 4a 4b Radiotelephony - Plain English Match the beginnings (1-5) and endings (a-e) to make sentences from the dialogue. 1 Do you have any reports 2 We have had a faint smell of volcanic ash 8 Say position where 4 Do you have any idea 5 Direction of cloud a you experienced the volcanic ash, ' of voleanic ash en route? for out three oF four minutes now. d movement was undeterminec © which director Clarification Work with a partner. Student A is the pilot of a narrow body passenger jet, call sign Istand 549, climbing to FL270, passing FL200, Student 8 is an en route ATCO at Dawangi Centre, Read the dialogue outline and decide what to say. Phot ATCO Callcentre and report sheen, Acknodge. Ask . when fst detected Explain duration Request vsbiity Describe visibility. Report deterioration Request wind diction and speed Say wind rection and ‘00d Relay PREP of ash ‘and suggest action Role play the dialogue, then change roles and do it again. Check against the model dialogue in the Answer Key. Discussion Discuss the questions with a partner. 1 nat are the effects of flying through a volcanic eruption? 2 What signs may indic through voleanic ash? te that an aircraft is fying Vocabulary Check 5a_ Match the words in the box with the definitions smell (n) haze ( 5 What other fall(r) conical (ad) crater (n) rim (n)_ lava (n)_ slope (n) 1 The side of a hill or a mountain 2 When something falls to the ground 3 The edge of an open container or circular abject 4 Water, smoke, or dust in the air 5 In the shape of a cor 6 Rock in the form of hat liquid he round hole at the top of a volcano 6 The quality of something that you notice when you breathe in through your nos Complete the extract from an alr-tratfic management paper about volcanoes with the words from 5a, 4,750 m in elevation and (1) in shape, Klyuchevskoy is Kamchatka’s highest and most active volcano. In 1994, lot reports of (2) 2 strong (3) coupled of sulphur were followed by a major eruption. On 4th May 2007, residents of the village of Klyuchi, 30 km NNE of the volcano, heard explosions and reported ash (4) More recently, in November 2009, 6) began to flow over the 6) and down the SE o of klyuchevskoy after the (8) overflowed. 3 What should pilots do if they encounter volcanic ash? What effect can a volcani local environment ¢ eruption have on the nd community? mig activity can affect aviation? VOLCANOES 61Unit 24 DANGEROUS GOOD As Prepare for check-in Forbidden anywhere on the aircraft ®OO® OS® ®Oe® Plain English ~ Listening for gist 2a @ 3.02 Listen to a presentation on dangerous: goods. Tick (y/) the items mentioned, pesticides matches aerosols poisons corrosives explosives oye cartridges Infectious substances solvents mercury Plain English - Listening for detail 2b @ 2.02 Listen again and choose the correct phrase + Dangerous goods are substances which are capable of posing a signiicant risk to fe / heaith 2 You may feel comfortable storing dangerous items at home because you know how they will behave / they are not as dangerous in the home. 8 Put dangerous goods under severe atmospheric pressure and you can / can't predict what wil Describe the picture ine 1a. Desoribe what you can see in the picture, Use the 4 Temperature variations / Vibration can cause book words in the box matches to ignite. ae a 5 Amercury leak weakened / didn't weaken the skin flammable explosive freworks matches torch othe zat canister Se Radiotelephony - Listening Os 0 Nos tale oe er er Ba_@ 3.03 Listen tothe dialogue. Decide ifthe sentences are true, false or ifthe information is not mentioned. Write T, F or NM. 1b Answer the questions. ntioned. Write T, Fo’ 1 The steward discharged the H,O extinguisher 41 Why are these items forbidden? heat is the 2 Where would you find a sign tke this? 3 Why does the sign use pictures? 2 The steward thinks the s cargo hola. 3 To begin with, there isn't 4 The smoke is coming through the vents. airfeld mediate smoke. 4 What equipment and procedures are used to check passengers and crew? 5 The pllot diverts '5 What happens to passengers who try to carry these items on board? 6 The crew are preparing evacuation 62 DANGEROUS GOODS3b 4a 4b Radiotelephony - Plain English Rearrange the words to make phrases from the dialogue. 1 cabin / the / welve / fumes / got /in 2 to/ it's /hurt/ starting / my / eyes 3 it /me/ call/ changes / important / anything 4 back / you've / got / big / here / @ / problem 5 soon / welll/ ground / on / the / be Clarification Work with a partner. Student A is the pilot. Student Bis the fight attendant. Read the dialogue outline land decide what to say. Attendant Plt Ask ifit's coming through the air vents ‘Ask the FA to check the overhead lockers ‘Ask wihy the steward thinks 80 Ask where Role play the dialogue, then change roles and do it again. Check against the model dialogue in the ‘Answer Kay. Vocabulary Check 5a_ Match the words in the box with the definitions, forbidden (ad) substance (r) symbol (n) —hokd (n) handler (7) floor (n) precaution (n) stack (v) 1 Someone whose job Is to move goods 2 The flat place you can walk on 3 To put one on top of the other 4 An area or compartment within an aircratt for ‘carrying freight 5 Atype of solid, liquid or gas 6 Not alowed 7 Apicture or shape used to represent something '8 Something done to protect people or things from possible harm 5b Complete the advice to airport staff using words from Sa. All baggage (1) must take all @ to ensure the safety of passengers and cargo at all times, Look for any (3) that signal dangerous (4) __ and take the ‘appropriate action, If any of the cargo is ° notify the supervisor immediately and do not load onto the aircraft. Any goods which are (@ ___ onthe (7) ® must be securely fastened to make inthe sure they do not move during fight, Discussion 6 Discuss the questions with a partner. 1 What type of goods are most dangerous? 2 Should passengers and dangerous goods be transported on the same fight? 3 Describe any incidents / accidents you know of that have been caused by dangerous goods, 4 How might the transportation of dangerous goods change in the future? 5 Do you think it is better to transport dangerous ‘goods by air or sea? Why? DANGEROUS GOODS 63eras ee) COLLISIONS Describe the picture Describe what you can ee in the picture. Use the words in the box. collide lodge trailing edo floodlit 2 3.04N w listen to the sample answer. Answer the questions. 6 What do you think will happen Plain English - Listening for gist 05 Listen to three tower controllers talking about ground collision incidents. Answer the questions. How many incidents do COLLISIONS Plain English - Listening for detail ® 3.05 Listen again and decide if the statements are true or false, Write T or F 340 olided at He that the 13 moving at the time of the collision 2 Passengers 10 was unsafe 3 The BA wi collided with anot 5 The Configuration Di removal of equipn 6 In Seattle an MDBO str ition List (CDL| applies to nt after collision, ka taxiing Ai Radiotelephony - Listening ® 3.06 Listen to a dialogue between pilots and an air-traffic control officer. Answer the questions Using the eall signs in the box. GUG GME GER 2 are inbound? 3 4s instruc ts a colsion? 4 to stay in the circ 65 disembarks to inspect the aircraft 6 taxi to the apro3b 4a 4b Radiotelephony ~ Plain English Rearrange the words to make phrases from the dialogue 1 be / traffic / direction / there will/ backtracking / opposite 2 to/ side / the / right / keep / right-hand 8 Just / the / piper / brushed / tip left /our / wing 4 step / of / permission / out /to / request / aircraft the 6 you / telephone / could / when / have / parked / you/ me? : 2 Clarification Work with a partner. Student A is the first officer of ‘a small passenger aircraft, call sign Sparrow 734, taxiing for departure. Student B is a ground ATCO at Andong Regional Airport. Read the dialogue ‘outline and decide what to say. First Officer ATCO Request postion Request details ‘Send vehicle and request report of damage Ofer assistance for passengers Role play the dialogue, then change roles and do it again. Check against the model dialogue in the ‘Answer Key. Vocabulary Check 5a Match the words in the box with the definitions. stationary (adi). stike (clip (lodge (¥)_ slice () Underside (n) contact {rtp (n) 1 Annarrow or pointed end, especially of something long or thin 2 Not moving 3 To hit against, or to crash into, someone or something 4 To hit something accidentally while passing it 6 To become firmly fixed somewhere, usually accidentally 6 To cut something easily 7 The bottom side or surface of something 8 Touch 5b Complete a tower controller's incident report with the words from 5a, ‘ACFT 1 was hand-propped without chacks. Upon engine start, the ACFT rolled 20 m and the right wing 0 the vertical talplane of ACFT 2 which was (2) atthe time the collision. The right of AGFT 1 (4) rudder of ACFT 2 and swung sharply around to the right. The propellers (6) the [ of the fuselage of ACFT 2 and the nose became (7) under ACFT 2. The with the aft through the right wing also made (8) portion of the fuselage of ACFT 2. No one was Injured. Discussion 6 Discuss the questions with a partner. 1 Describe ground collision incident you know ot 2 What factors can affect the safe movernent of aircraft on the ground? 3 Why isthe aircraft manoeuvring area potentially hazardous? 4 How common are aircraft collisions in the aircraft manoeuvring area? Why? 5 What effect can an aircraft collision have on airport operations? COLLISIONS 65ae) Describe the picture Describe what you can see In the picture. Answer the questions, 4 What do you think happened? 2 Where do you think the photo was taken? 3 Where are the aircraft in relation to each other? 4 What time of day do you think tis? ‘5 What do you think will happen next? © 3.07 Now listen to the sample answer. Plain English - Listening for gist ‘© 3.08 Listen to a report on an unusual airborne and operation. What was the purpose of the reconnaissance team? Plain English — Listening for detail © 3.08 Listen again and underline the correct 1 An airdrop was the easiest supplies into tt he parachutists dic / didn't have help from ground Hy way to get 3 Information was supplied by men in the air /on the ground. PROGRESS TEST 5 Pa 4 Drops are usually made above / below 1,000 m. 5 The food was scattered around / dropped in the ‘ight places. 6 The tarrain / Tiredness made the mission difficult, Radiotelephony - Listening © 3.09 Listen to the dialogue. Complete the statements with the call signs. Eastern 625 Alirtrans 323 EI-TFC. Eastern 86: ARMYAIR 232 1 i 2 makes a slow 180 degree right-hand tur, 3 isnot cleared to join the airway. 4 is too heavy to cross the airway in time. 5 and have to remain outside controlled airspace 6 and make visual contact with the distress air reports an elec ical malfunctiorRadiotelephony ~ Plain English Sb Match the beginnings with the endings to make phrases from the dialogue. 1 The aircraft behind you appears 2 Remain outside controlled airspace 8 We tried to slow him down 4 We've got serious problems ‘5 We're trying to ascertain a the cause now. with our electrics and radios. due aircratt in urgency situation. 9 to have a comms failure, and put him behing you, Clarification 4a Work with a partner. Student A is pilot of TI-MOO on an IFR departure from Santa Catalina passing 1,900 ft. Student B is an ATCO at Santa Catalina tower. Read the dialogue outline and decide what to say. T-MOO Tower Call approach, say postion and report problem with flaps, Request clarification Give claication Request retum ‘altel ‘Acknowledge and ave instructions Readback and report ‘abnormal flap landing Acknowledge, say you wil call emergency Report extended sorvces rollout de brake fproblems on landing ‘Acknowiedge, say services will bein postion 4b Role play the dialogue, then change roles and do it again. Check against the model dialogue in the ‘Answer Key, 5a 5b Vocabulary Check zg Match the words inthe box with the definitions, install (¥) inoperative (ad) wire (n} loose (adi) — haze (7) stationary (ad) underside (0) tip (a) 1 Not fixed in position smoke, oF dust in the alr that makes it difficult to see cleerly 8 To put a piece of equipment somewhere and make itready for use 4 Not moving 5 Anarrow or pointed end, especially of something long or thin 6 The bottom side or surface of something 7 Along thin piece of metal that carries electricity 8 Not working 2 Water, Complete the sentences with the words from 5a. 1 The chocks were put on to make sure the aircraft remained 2 The cargo was scattered in the hold because of the straps. 3 The short circult had made the radio 44 The mechanic always got a sore neck when working on the of the aircrat, © The fly-by-wire fight deck had all the latest gadgets 6The of the radio mast was just visible above the building 7 Visibilty was minimal due to the from the sandstorme. 8A faulty led to the electricity failure. Discussion Discuss the questions with a partner. 1 What can be done to improve aircraft maintenance? 2 How will technology affect electronic systems in the future? 8 How can seismic activity affect aviation? 4 What is the most unusual cargo you've carried or heard about being carried? 5 How can technology help prevent colisions on the ground? PROGRESS TEST 5 67Describe the picture Describe what you can see in the picture. Use the words in the box. refuelled hillside underground vehicle clothing wing @ 3.10 Now listen to the sample answer. ‘Answer the questions. 4 Where is the fuel stored? 2 What do you think the pilots are doing while the aircraft is being refuelled? 3 Where are the fuel tanks on this aircraft? 4 Where do you think the picture was taken? '5 What do you think will happen next? Plain English - Listening for gist @ 3.11 Listen to a news bulletin about problems with new aircraft and answer the questions. + What isthe problem? 2 What are the airline doing? FUEL PROBLEMS Plain English - Listening for detail @ 3.11 Listen again and put the events in the correct order. ‘a The flagship was found to have fuel problems at Charles de Gaulle bb Passengers were forced to wait 12 hours for a leak to be repaired. co The flagship was d The airline sued a formal apology to the passengers. @ Two A3B0s were held at Boston. jayed in Dalia. Radiotelephony - Listening @ 3.12 Listen to the dialogue between pilot and [ATC. Fill in the details in the space provided. Problem | ActionsRadiotelephony - Plain English Rearrange the words to make phrases from the dialogue. 3b 5a 1 continue or / to / to / we're trying / decide / come back / whether 2 going / dump / we're / Ike / have to / it looks / to / fuel 3 completion / you / I'l give / vectors / to Filton / on 4 flaps / retract / below / the / 10% / can't / we 55 going / 30 / to / about / take / i's / minutes Clarification Work with a partner. Student A is Dakair 374, an Antonov 2 maintaining 2,600 m. Student B is an ATCO at Vietch Centre. Read the dialogue outline and decide what to say. 4a Dakair 374 Vetch Centre ‘Acknowledge and say distance Give instruction, Request claification of problem Request confirmation of ow fuel ‘Acknowledge 4b Role play the dialogue, then change roles and do it again. Check against the model dialogue in the Answer Key. Vocabulary Check Match the words in the box with the definitions. refuel (v) block ( leak (n) pump (v) line (n) unserviceable fad) recurring (ad)) 1 Not operative 2 To fill with fuel again 3 Alarge container for storing liquid or gas 4 Ahole or crack in something out of 5 Atube which liquid comes ries iquid 6 To move a liquid 7 Something which happens more than once 8 To prevent movement through something ‘Complete the maintenance report with the words from 5a, The crew were unable to fly the aircraft a it wa 0 due to a (2) problem with the fuel system. This was the third time this had happened at this airfield, The (3) was not ® as the fuel flowed without a problem as there ‘and there was no sign of a Was no damage. However on a closer examination ot the underground (6) we found signs of contamination. When aircraft were (7 debris was picked up as the fuel was (8) on board. Discussion Discuss the questions with a partner. 11 What factors need to be considered when estimating the amount of fuel needed? 2 Describ have had. 3 What type of factors can cause fuel-related incidents? {usl-related incident you know of or 4 How have aircraft become more fuel efficient? 5 What will aircraft use for fuel in the future? FUEL PROBLEMS 69Describe the picture Describe what you can see in the picture. Use the words in the box. playing field formation demonstrators residential area industrial warehous @ 3.13 Now listen to the sample answer. ‘Answer the questions. 1 What are the people demonstrating about? 2 Who will see the sign? 3 At what time of day was the picture taken? 4 How long do you think the demonstrators stood in position for? '5 Where was the photograph taken from? Plain English ~ Listening for gist @ 3.14 Listen to an aviation news podcast about political activity at UK airports. Choose the best answers. 1 Why are people protesting at Heathrow? a humanrights _b environmental issues ‘eunemployment 2 How many incidents does the reporter describe? at b2 3 AIRFIELD ACTIVITIES Activity Location | Balloon: Plain English ~ Listening for detail @ 3.14 Listen again and decide if the statements are true or false. Write T or F 1 The human ‘no’ sign wasn't visible from the fight deck of passing aircraft. 2 If Heathrow expands, Sipson village will disappear. 3 Captain Granshaw believes communicating with the protesters will help. 4 Four protesters placed a large sign over the vertical stabilizer of an aircraft. 5 Departures at the airport were delayed. 6 A large group of environmental campaigners got airside at East Midlands. Listening - Radiotelephony @ 3.15 Listen to four dialogues between pilots and air-traffic control officers. Complete the table. Pit / ATC action Hold until clear to proceed Western perimeter | | | fence | Paraglider3b 4a 4b Radiotelephony ~ Listening Match the beginnings with the endings to make sentences from the dialogue. 1 On landing we could see a balloon to 2 Request permission to hold until 8 Caution, work in progress ahead, 4 We saw a lot of people at 5 We've got someone on what we think |. a paraglider 2 the balloon has passed. b north side of taxiway A. ‘© above the threshold of 22 right. d the western perimeter fence. «the south-east of the airfield. Clarification Work with a partner. Student A is a tower ATCO at Braela Airport. Student B is the pilot of a police helicopter, callsign Police 3, holding at 1,000 ft above the southern boundary of Braela Airport. Read the dialogue outline and decide what to say. ATCO. Plot Report suspicious activity at perimeter fence Correct a ‘misunderstanding Give detais ‘Say exact position and state current action Role play the dialogue, then change roles and do it again. Check against the model dialogue in the ‘Answer Key. Discussion Discuss the questions with a partner. Describe any recent airport expansion /improvement ‘work you are familar with 2 How does aviation impact on the local environment and communities? Vocabulary Check 5a_ Match the words in the box with the definitions, protest (v) investigation (n) converge (v)_ breach (n) break through (v) fencing (r) occupy (¥). climb () 1 To come to the same point from different dir 2 A flat upright structure that surrounds an area 3 The process of finding out the facts about something 4 To publicly show opposition to something 5 A situation where someone gets into a place that is usually quarded 6 Move up or over something using hands and feet 7 To force your way through something that is stopping you from moving forward 8 To be in control of a place that you have entered 5b Complete the newspaper report with the words from 5a. Hundreds of people (1) _ airport to (2) at Tilarang against the results of the recent presidential election. Dozens ® over the perimeter (4) causing severe delays for all arriving and departing flights. Protesters also (5)_ security inside Terminal Two and (6) the departure lounge. Authorities managed to secure the airport after six hours, and flight operations have now returned to normal. An independent (7) will be conducted into how such a (8) of security was possible at the region's busiest international air transport hub, 3 Describe any abnormal activities you have encountered at an airfield 4 Desoribe any airspace violations or unidentified aircratt you have encountered at work. 5 How will the size of the aviation industry change over the next 20 years? AIRFIELD ACTIVITIES 71ra 1 Describe the picture Plain English - Listening for gist i] Describe what you can see in the picture. Use the @ 3.20 Listen to a description of a difficult ‘words in the box. approach. Who do yau think the speaker is? pilot b controler c plane spotter strip houses mountain twin valley overshoot Plain English ~ Listening for detail {© 2:19 Now listen to the sample answer. a @ 2.20 Liston again an fil in the spaces. ‘Answer the questions. 4 The runway at TGU is only long. + Which region of the world is this airfold in? 2 There used to be a small hill some from 2 What difficulties would a pilot face on landing and seit taking off? 3 What kind of condition is the runway in? 3 An alplane landing on runway 01 at TGU must 4 What do you think would happen if a pilot circle inside the misjudged the approach? 4 After it circles the basin it has only to 5 Why are there no signs of activity? line up. ne runway has a ‘displaced threshold’ leaving only of useable landing runway, Radiotelephony ~ Listening @ 2.21 Listen tothe communication between two Xc dat need to crs behind the Was because pilots and ATC and undarine the correct information ney had area crossed / wore dlvertng to srcinar airport / needed to stay onthe western side ae «cr was cere olan on te surface wind 260 2 XTi hy wou ran nah oft cartel 17 wn clo ro ean /28 ro ofthe north line / south of the contin. eoees oe 1 xT was not / through / up to the jared beyon rridor. ; AERODROME/AIRFIELD ENVIRONMENTRadiotelephony ~ Plain English Sb_ Rearrange the words to make phrases from the dialogue. 1 the extended / of / you / to / are / centreline/ the / approach / too close 2 the routing / need / check / the convoy /to / of / we 8 Western / stay / airport / the / the / of / side / wil / we/on 4 cross / that we / lands / can / confirm / the aircraft / after Clarification 4a Work with a partner. Student A is the pilot of Helicopter BR. Student B is an ATCO at Guadalan ‘Tower. Read the dialogue outline and decide what to say. Pilot arco Instruct BR to hola In the hover, south of WY Paraphrase instruction, Say traffic on final Say traffic wil taxi to east apron via taxiway Bravo. Give discretionary clearance to land Give confirmation 4b ote play the dialogue, then change roles and do it again, Check against the model dialogue in the “Answer Key: Vocabulary Check 5a Match the words in the box with the definitions. extended fad) marshaller(r) (%) dust (n) basin (n) ‘overshoot (v) plateau (n) hover (¥). corridor (n) 1 Member of ground staff whose job is to direct aircraft into parking positions 2 To stay in the same position in the alr 8 Continuing in distance or direction 4 A large flat area of land that is high above sea level 5 A large araa that is lower than the surrounding land 6 Small pieces of dry earth that are ike powder 7 To accidentally ty past a target 8 The route aircraft must take through an area 5b Complete this pilot's description of his local airfield. Use the words from 5a, There's a very narrow (1) you have to fly through to reach the airfield. You have to pass over the (2) Which is always full of water running down from the mountains. Higher still you come to a (3) _ where they've built the landing strip. 've seen folk who are so busy lining themselves up on the (4) centreline they've forgotten how short the strip is and have o the end of the runway, Obviously, ‘once you've landed there's no (6) telling you where to go. That's not a problem unless you've got one of the mountain rescue helicopters o over the strip. You have to wait for the 8 to settle before you can see anything Not that there’s too much to sae! Discussion 6 Discuss the questions with a partner. 1 Describe a difficult landing strip you know of 2 What itis that makes landings and take-otfs itfout? 3 What technology exists to help assist landings and take-offs? 4 What is your favourite landing strip? Why? 5 Do you think the number of small remote airstrips will increase or decrease in the future? Why? AERODROME/AIRFIELD ENVIRONMENT 73Describe the picture Describe what you can see in the picture, Use the words in the box. plackened explosion extinguish fre dama evacuate fire fi © 9.22 Now listen tothe sample answer, Answer the questions. 1 What could cause a fire ike this? 2 What eff nen do you think the picture was taken? it take to repair the damage? How will the airport operator manage the situation while would it have on airport operations? 4 How lon Plain English ~ Listening for gist @ 3.23 Listen to a safety podcast and choose the best option to complete the summary. (On final approach, the fight experienced problems with speed / instruments /a navigation a / poor visibly. AIRFIELD AND NAVIGATION EQUIPMENT FAILURE AIRFIELD AND NAVIGATION EQUIPMENT FAILURE Plain English - Listening for detail ‘@ 3.23 Listen again and decide if the statements are true or false. Write T or F 1 Itwas @ dark night 2 Events happened a lot faster than expected. 3 The captain felt uneasy about the situation 4 The pilots couldn't identify any visual refer 5 A crossch ito 3k confirmed their pc Radiotelephony ~ Listening ® 3.24 Listen to four dialogues between pilots and air-traffic control officers. Match one of the statements with each of the dialogues, € An aircraft confirms lighting falure while waiting for departure. An aircraft reports a runway exc An area controller reports equipment maltunctio G ATC believes there may have been a runway3b 4a 4b Radiotelephony ~ Plain English Match the beginnings (1-5) with the endings (a-e) to make sentences from the dialogues, 1 Allaircraft return to 2 I'm getting a radar indication 3 Radar indicates it is behind you now, 4 We can't see the runway lights at all 5 You've completely lost the 2 beyond the touchdown zone. b runway edge and centre ine ighting, © previously-assigned headings and levels. but it may be a erroneous return, € there's another aircraft on your runway. Clarification Work with a partner. Student A Is the captain of a narrow body passenger jet, call sign Southern 636, (on approach to RWY 06 at Krystena International Airport. Student B is an approach ATCO. Read the dialogue outline and decide what to say. Southern 636 ATCO. ‘Acknowledge and say all ights are on Acknowledge. Express ‘concern over position, Request altitude and heading Request confirmation Give instructions Role play the dialogue, then change roles and do it again. Check against the mode! dialogue in the Answer Key. Vocabulary Check 5 Match the words in the box with the definitions lose (v) fail (y) ignore (v)_ unserviceable (ad)) erroneous (ad) faulty ad) trust (v) concentrate (¥) 1 Not operative 2 To give all your attention to the thing you are doing 3 Tonot have something any longer 4 Tobe confident that samieone or something is reliable 5 Not working correctly 6 To stop working correctly 7 To not consider something, or not let it influence you 8 Not correct 5b Complete the article with the words from Sa. you have GPS equipment or ours Ag WA That doesn't mean you can't (2) technology. It's just that if your systems are 8 __, or tyou do (4) can provice (6) 000 hours, I've had just about every piece of equipment imaginable (6) nan aera. Andit may be that ATC equipment may become (7) Discus: n Discuss the questions with a partner. +1 Which navigation aids do you use in your job? 2 What problems can occur when using the navigation aids? 8 Have you ever had navigation equipment failure? 4 How have navigation and ATC systems improved? 5 What technology do you expect to see in the future? AIRFIELD AND NAVIGATION EQUIPMENT FAILURE 75ta 1b 2a 76 Describe the picture Describe what you can see in the picture. Use the words in the box. bent dent smashed debris twisted force ‘@ 3.28 Now listen to the sample answer. ‘Answer the questions. 1 Why do you think this happened? ‘2 What equipment will be needed to clear the area? 3 How long wil it take to ‘4 What effect will the incident have on airport operations? '5 Who will be involved in an investigation? Plain English ~ Listening for gist @ 3.29 Listen to a news report about a runway incursion. The questions below are missing from the interview. Match each question (a-e) to the correct place (1-6) in the recording. ‘a What was he doing there in the first place? What happened to the driver? © So did the vehicle actually enter the runv there procedures to stop this happening? d Who was the frst to realize what was happening? yy? Aren't @ How serious was this? GROUND SERVICES Plain English ~ Listening for detail @ 3.29 Listen again and complete the sentences. 41 An aircraft nearly hit a = 2 The incident happened shortly after the fight was. 3 The driver falled to 4 The incident happened at the intersection of 65 An alarm sounded 6 The driver's radio was__ Radiotelephony - Listening @ 3.30 Listen to the communication between pilots and an ATC. Correct the three mistakes in the summary, Korean 257 think they may have hit ave the taxiway. ATC ask the folowing United 914 to look and see if they can see anything, Korean 257 have a ka {good view but do not see anything wrong. ATC a fire tender to check. They want Korean 257 to cut his omplies, wgines to idle. Korean 25;3b 4a 4b Radiotelephony - Plain English Rearrange the words to make phrases from the dialogue. 1 follow / 10 / you / get / Korean Air / Yankee / when Vocabulary Check 5a Match the words in the box with the definitions. swerve (v) axle (n) digger (a) park (y) imersection (n) construction (n) cut ¥) idle (ac) 2 Korean Air? / do / near / anything / see / you 3 the / side / we're / at / looking / right 4 his / maybe / engine / hit /it / outboard 5 a/ make / they'll/ inspection / visual Clarifical Work with a partner. Student A is Gul 357. Student B Is a ground ATCO. Read the dialogue outline and decide what to say. qulss7 ATCO ‘Acknowedge. Ask for description of accident ‘Ask exact position of ‘accident Ask if pilot saw a colision ‘Ask Gul 357 to hold, ‘Say will call support services Role play the dialogue, then change roles and do itagain. Check against the model dialogue in the Answer Key. 1 Machine for making large holes and moving earth 2 Point at which two lines cross each other 3 When an engine is on but not delivering power to ‘move the vehicle or aircraft 4 To leave a vehicle or aircraft in a place where no one Is using it 5 The act of putting together or building something 6 Suddenly change direction 7 To switch off 8 Shaft on which wheels are attached 5b Complete the vehicle accident report with the words from 5a, __ drove towards the apron to continue the (2) work for the new gate, At the (3) of taxiway B and A it 4 to avoid an unit vehicle (5) Alarge (1) _ next to Stand 4, The vehicle damaged its front ) ___and had to be placed on a transporter ‘Allwaiting airratt were instructed to (7) their engines even if they were already at (8) Discussion 6 Discuss the questions with a partner. 11 What type of vehicles are used in aviation? 2 Should all drivers be required to have ICAO Level 4? 8 Should all ground personnel be required to have ICAO Level 42 4 What is the role of the dispatcher? 5 How do you think ground services will change in the future? GROUND SERVICES 77Progress Test PROGRESS TEST 6 Describe the picture Describe what you can see in the picture. Answer the questions. 1 What country could this airfield bo in? 2 What diffcultles would @ pilot face on landing and taking off? 3 Have you ever own into an airfield like this? What 4. Wat do you think would happen if a pilot misjudged the approach? ‘5 Why do you think nothing is happening? © 3.31 Now listen to the sample answer. Plain English ~ Listening for gist @ 3.32 Listen to four replies to an accident investigation officer's questions after an incident involving a shuttle bus. Match the people with the interviews, captain bus passenger bus driver first officer Interview a in a PROGRESS TEST 6 Units 26-30 Plain English - Listening for detail © 3.32 Listen again and match the information with the interview(s). 1 1 stopped at the correct place, 2 Iheard someone speaking on the radio. 3.1 braked hard 41 shouted a warning. 5 The outside lights were on. 61 hurt myselt Radiotelephony ~ Listening 2 3.39 Listen to three dialogues. Match the call signs with the statements, Courier 254 Rotary 42. Starjet 872 1 The aircraft is quickly loosing fuel. 2 The fuel supply is getting close to critical 3 The pilot performs an off-field landing 4 Ful flow to starboard engine is weak, 5 The pilot has made contact with his company. 6 Ful tanks are showing signiticanty different quantities, 7 The crew were walting for the weather toRadiotelephony ~ Plain En: Sb _ Match the beginnings (1-5) with the endings make phrases from the dialogue. 1 My fuel gauge is reading empty and 2 Making a full power landing We set down on the 4 | have spoken with dispatch 5 We have low fuel pressure and ‘aan indication of fuel imbalance, bon the playing fel. cand am awaiting instructions. d the auxiliary gauge is reading jow. « playing field and shut down. Clarification 4a Work with a partner. Student A is pilot of Shuttle ‘808 on a standard instrument approach to Nan Tak. ‘Student B is an ATCO at Nan Tak approach. Read the dialogue outline and decide what to say. ATCO Shuttle 808 Contact Shuttle 808, Cancel STAR. Give instructions to hold Readback. quest reason ‘Say reason Request repetition Paraphrase reason Acknowledge Report approaching minimum fuel, Request Give update. Update on status Suggest diversion 4b_ Role play the dialogue, then change roles and do it again. Check against the model dialogue in the Answer Key. Vocabulary Check S 5a Match the words in the box with the. es recurring (ad)). tank (n) converge (¥) overshoot (y) hover (v) faulty (ad) unidentified fad) catering (ad) 1To remain stationary in the air 2 Not working properly 3 Unknown large container for storing liquid or gas Describing food services 6 To come from different directions to meet the same point Something which happens many times or again 8 To accidentally fy past a target 5b Complete the sentences with the words from 5a. 1 Only the controller's quick thinking stopped the airorat from coliding. 2 There was a problem with the food so the trucks were delayed, 3 Radar showed an aircratt in the fight corridor. 4 The mechanic couldn't understand why the fault kept 5 The fuel was leaking 6 The poor visibility caused the light aircraft to the runway. 7 The rescue helicopter above the The switch kept turing off by itset. Discussion 6 Discuss the questions with a partner + What can be done to prevent fuel problems? 2 What impact does evietion have on the environment? 3 What factors change when an airstrip /aiportis smaller / larger? 4 What can go wrong with erport technology? 5 Describe a taxiway incident involving a vehicle that you know of PROGRESS TEST 6 79 __Review Test REVIEW TEST 4 Describe the picture Describe what you can see in the picture ‘Answer the questions. 1 Desoribe the photographer's position in relation to the aircraft 2 Where do you think the picture was taker? 3.Do you think any parts of the airoraft are useable? 4 What could have caused the accident? 5 What do you think wil happen next? © 3.36 Now listen to the sample answer. Plain English - Listening for gist © 3.37 Listen to a conversation between three pilots. Answer the questions, 1 What are they talking about? 2 What sort of aiine do they work for? 3 Where do place? the conversation Plain English ~ Listening for detail @ 3.37 Listen again and answer the questions. 4 How long did the pilot fy today? 2 Why is the pilot tired 3 How often do long-haul pilots have breaks? REVIEW TEST 1 hours in a week? 5 What is the European Aviation Safety Ager developing? 6 wn. Jo the pilots think of the hotet? Radiotelephony - Listening © 3.38 Listen to the dialogue between pilots and a tower ATCO. Underline the correct information 4 Tiger 236 rejects take-off due to low engine power: oil pressure warning. 2 Tiger 236 would like to try and depart aga to the apron. 8 |-45YC is instructed to hold while Tig ‘a vehicle vacates the runwa 4 Albion 291 moves into the path of a taxiing es with another arcratt. 5 The ATC / poor ora aft pery taxiway surfaces reports a small group of animals / a group o small animals on the fold 7 Albion 291 would lke to taxi under own power assistance with taxi 8 A passenger / A have lost some travel d 9 The ATCO instruct 23 / wait unt to proceed tRadiotelephony ~ Pl ‘Sb Rearrange the words to make phrases from the dialogue. in English 1 indication / a / had / we / oll /Iow / pressure 2 right / us / him / watched / front / skid / we / out 8 braking / reports / we / of / have / poor / action 4 rodents / running / around / group / of / there's / a 5 issue / to / going /is / be / an / steering 6 you / parking / to / need / a / position / find / well / for Clarification 4a Work with a partner. Student A Is ATCO, Student B is pilot of VH-GHD, a light aircraft maintaining 4,000 ft, Read the dialogue outline and decide what to say. ‘ATCO. VH-GHD Report unknown trafic (0 0' cook, 6 mies, height ,000 ft slow ‘Acknowledge. Say tote) looking out ‘Suggest a heading it Not sighted ‘Say balloon in sight 10 o'clock, 1,000 ft Request further above information Give information ‘Ask ifthe balloon is ‘manned ‘Say balloon appears ‘unmanned 4b Role play the dialogue, then change roles and do itagain. Check against the model dialogue in the Answer Key. Vocabulary Check 5a Match the words in the box with the definitions, potential (s} deviate (9) disruption {n) regulation (a) wrap (V) anticipate (9) touch (¥) melt v) 1 A situation when something cannot continue as normal because of a problem 2 To cover something ity or process by official rules ‘something will probably happen ile or likely in the future 3 Control of an 47To think t 6 To make physical contact To change a solid substance into aliquid 8 To do something different to what is expected 5b Complete the sentences with the words from Sa. 1 The prevent night fying over the city 2We fan increase in trafic during th peak time 3 All fragile cargo must be very careful 4 The wing tip was he hangar doo the ioe. 6 The quick thinking con oller prevented a disaster. 7 Despite loss of nose gear the pilot didn’t from the centre line, 8 The alarm sounded at the busiest time ca Discussion 6 _ Discuss the questions with a partner. How has the job of a pilot chan 2 How wil the job of an alrtratfic controller change in the future? over the last 2 ‘8 Which technological developments have had the st impact on the aviation industry inthe last 4 What are the biggest challenges f industry at the moment? 5 How do you think the aviation community wil dea with increasing concerns about the environment? facing the aviation REVIEW TEST 1 81Review Test Describe the picture Describe what you can see in the picture. ‘Answer the questions. 1 Describe the man’s position in relation to the aircratt? 2 Where do you think the picture was taker? 3 What will happen next? 4 Why is public access to airflolds restricted? '5 What permission would this man need? © 3.39 Now listen to the sample answer, Plain English ~ Listening for gist ‘© 3.40 Listen to a podeast about staff shortage in the air-traffic control system. Tick (v/) the things that are mentioned. controller health {growth in the industry fonts and incidents new procedures and equioment recruitment and training retirement Plain English — Listening for detail © 3.40 Listen again and decide if the statements are true or false, Write T or F 1 Staff shortage has led to a reduction in artratic services in Australia, 2 There Is bad feeling between the ATC union and the employer in Australia, REVIEW TEST 2 In Europe the number of controllers required will double in the future, 4 Airport expansion has recently created stating issues in Delhi 5 In South Africa, the offer of a pay rise is ‘encouraging controllers to stay. 6 In Britain, human resource management at the ‘ANSP hasn't changed. 7 Controllers and managers don't see staffing levels. in the same way, 4 Potential trainees see air-traffic control as an attractive career, 9 The majority of trainees successfully complete their training. 10 Almost 7,500 controllers in the US wil retire within 10 years. Radiotelephony - Listening ‘& 3.41 Listen to the dialogue between pilots and fan approach ATCO. Answer the questions, 1 What meteorological conditions does D-23GH ‘encounter? 2 ‘ong with the elevator? 3 What conditions does Rabbit 487 encounter? 4 What does the controller do to help Rabbit 4877 ‘What is the problem with the captain of A6-TYC? 16 Why s Previair 234 instructed to hold? 7 What is the updated status of D-23GH? 8 Where will medical services be walting for A6-TYC? Why? 9 What problem doas the pilot of Estrlia 10 Where is th at's report? sspected source of the problemRadiotelephony ~ Plain English Sb & 3.41 Match the beginnings (1-6) with the endings (a-f) to make phrases from the dialogue. 1 We've got a nose-down 2 We're experiencing severe 3 The Captain is not well 4 Aircraft behind you 5 We've regained full 6 An ambulance will meet a requires priority handling bat all with suspected stroke. ce chop due vortex from the heavy. you on the south apron. control ofthe aircraft {pitch due stuck elevator. Clarification 4a. Work with a partner. Student A is pilot of Fahed 141 Cruising at FL410. Student B is an ATCO at Afarsha. area control centre, Read the dialogue outline and decide what to say. Fate 14 Ars cote Declare eager che oe protons Seen .., Anovieae Ove ware vance — Peas eta poe SSE «neces sorarmaton 20008 cra ak con suspected i ote Te Soyengoe Say soca tr saan aa) 4b Role play the dialogue, then change roles and do it again. Check against the model dialogue in the ‘Answer Key. Vocabulary Check 5a Match the words in the box with the definitions. xternal (adi) overpower (y) leak (¥) rescue (n) strobe (n} charge (v) pump (v)_ block (v) + Liquid or gas coming out of a container through @ hole or crack 2 The act of saving somebody trom danger 3 To put electriaty into something pone by having greater strength 4 To defeat som 5 A strong electric ight that flashes very quickly 6 To prevent movement through something Cutside or connected to the outside 8 To move a liquid or air 5b Complete the sentences with the words from 5a. 1 The passengers managed to the hijacker. 2 The fuel is at high pressure. 8. The hydraulic fuid was making controling the aircraft very dltficut. 4 The crew ditched near a ship to increase their chances of 66 The new generator successfully the batteries. 6 The oxygen could not get through because the tube was 7 Even though it was night time and foggy the con the aircratt could stil be seen. 8 The low temperature meant all ‘were frozen solid. Discussion 6 _ Discuss the questions with a partner. 1 How has the job of an air-traffi over the last 20 years? 2 How will the job of a pilot change in the future? ‘3 What technological changes do you think the ‘aviation industry wil see in the next ten years? 4 How have passengers changed in the last few years? ntroller changed \What traning needs do today's aviation professionals have? REVIEW TEST 2 83et Key ANSWER KEY Unit 1 Near miss a Bo theadng tor 2800 Scones 4changed ba iDF2n 2YG33«SDF2N | 4¥G34S evesds §7YG043 © 8YG%S ‘91 Incorrect readback.| say agan. Squawk 4113 2 folding ection. Immediately tun hard right heading 270 due taf. {8 Wehave some inure. 441m sorry, Whats your problem? We have medical problems, people on board ae it. 4b Model answer Control. CS-FHG. Tima now 36. Position 26 mies south ast of FLORA, maintaining atu 7,000 ft Regional QNH. 1007, At time 24 we had an AIRPROX © C-HG. Gontim AIRPROX. P_affem, Near miss with an aitraft approximately half a mie, 1600 ft below, passing lft to right. C-HG. © C-HG, Roger. Oia you recognize the type? twas a high-wing single piston engine aircraft. Possibly a Cesena 172. 0-H. © GHG, Roger. Any markings? > Affe. Yelow wings and stabilizer, bive fuselage. C-HG © C-HG. Roger. Please fle a fll writen report t0 ATS 07 artiva at Grageny. 2dstance 3 5a 1 alprox ential A abort Sdovto Gclose —Tcolision risk Sm tvisk 2potential Scistance 4 deviate Sarprox Gcalision 7chse Babort unit 2 Special flights 2a yf communications Y touch dawn 20068 1 approach speeds wtf 2T aT 4T ST OT ma 1D 2E 3A 4F SH 6 7@ 88 sp 1 1can see a blue and white high-wing east of Beneiov 2 Keep your gear up unt west of Bene 13 Tum ft and get inline behind the haus “You've flown away from the rally tracks, Jong tobe too stow or you. 5 The Staggerwing up ahead 4 Model answer: ‘©The green and white twin-engine amohibian, Rock your Say type, P Grumman Malad. © Grumman, Can you s2e the red biewing, 11 o'clock, hatf PAs © Grumman, Follow the yellow Di-wing. Negative, Unable duo speed. © Grumman, Roger. Make a et turn 180 84 ANSWER KEY un 2 3a o towing 2amphibiews 9 high-wing 4 foatpiane S routine Bair show 7 twin-engine 8b-plane 1 twin-engine 2iow-wing 8 amphibious 4 biplane Sroutines Bair snows foatoiane Bhighwing it 3 VIP flights b °7 congestion arsety of controller stress Y poormainterance mid-air panic T eR eptc ate oT. 8 + ont we have to hold at VATON? 2 Understood but our NOTAM says scheduled air carrer AND argo fights are excepted. 3 Unfortunately we cid not get that Information before leaving JFK. 44 We wit have to take our aerate, Gatwick, we cannot get & clearance. 6 Airforce One's on ILS now. Model answer PNF Omsk radar have told us to expect a delay PF ‘Are you sure? We were told no delay expected. NF It's due to VIP movement. °F Pl PF But our NOTAM says no delays There was a snort notice amendment for security Understood. But we did't gat that before we lett, and wwote approacring mirimum fue. NF kirskis an altomat. PF tne don't gat clearance inthe next 10 minutes wel go for irs ‘ofits facilites Sscheculed 4 amendment Sdomesic @dsruption panic Bproty ‘amendment 2panic Sprorly —4lsruption Sdomesic Gschedued 7 faclites Boffials it 4 Delays 1 Bs Madig) 2 Personnel shortage (Keristue) SGonstructon Pea) 4 Thunderstorms and ran (Vienna) 5 Miltary activity (Romania). 6 Aerodrome capacty (istanbul) tetenbul —-2Cyprus. <3 Gyprus 4 Vienna Slsrael 6 Madhid id 20 3a 4b S- 86 + We have a cisabled aircraft on runway 2 Remain outside cortroled arspace due sector saturation. 8 There i a spllage onthe ramp behind you “4 Can we have lower speed due to chop at tis evel? 5 bo you have an estimate for an mprovernent inthe weather? Model answer: PPolomir Approach. Transtar 892. Descending Infrmation Dota ‘Transtar 32. Polomir Approach. Roger Hold at Knsk F110 0.5a se Pr Artjpate 20-minute delay. Expect turthar clearance at 32. Hold at Kinsk FL110, What isthe reason forthe delay? Poem Un it 5 Belly-landings a Tropimangear 201 3.2000 = Tod erat Shaler tower = ogress test 1 Un arte co as 01 15 to a0 Sa 2 ‘Sprinter 512. We don't know yet. Delay caused by unknown Object on taxivay F We's investigating nov. Roger, Sprinter 512 ‘Sprinter 512, Wie have reports of debris on taxivay F. Expect ‘axl at ime 23, Time now 08, Say again the delay, Sprinter 512 Spintr 512, Expect a 15-minute delay while it's cleared up. Techeduied — Bamendment Gdeable 4 bent Scolapse Gdomestc indication spl ‘spit —2amendments Scolapsa 4 schedules 5 domestic indication Tent 8 sable it 6 Birds Whitsand International Aiport 2.a mobile bic detection radar system Sairtatc controters ie oot 6 cotabd 1 think we had an impact with 2 lied recycing the gear, but we sti have a red ight. £2 We see what ks Ike a loose cable or hose on your st er w nove gear. ose gear 4 | beteve we wil have problems with the steering on lancing, 5 Be aware that we could come off the runway tothe kt. Model answer: Nezatad toner, Arow 545 downwind. We've had a brdstike, Preceutionary shutdown engine rumiver 2, ‘Arrow 545. Roger. State intentions. eoquest priority landing. Arrow 545, Arrow 845, You are number 1 o land, runway 78. Turn ight base at your dscrtion. Report nal Number 1 for runway’ 18. Wilco thik we have problems with ur right wing, Arow 545, Arrow 846, Roger. What sort of problams do you have? | think we may have some damage t the engine and leading edge which s causing drag. Request emergency assistance on landing, arrow 545, Roger. Emergency assistance s standing by, row 545, ‘flock 2detect- Simpact 4h Sighten Gorrdor Track Bspecies Tht 2ock —Simpact 4 species 5 detect, Scomdor 7 tracked 8 fightenes it 7 Cargo ut tn container and abel t leary (yau can also bins the container, but this is les important) ey wil protect the cargo trom damage and ran, thoy" harder to steal theyre cheaper, and stop parts ofthe cargo getting fst 2 The name, address, and phone number of the person shipping and the person receiving the goods. $8 Artcles of unusual ize o length artes of extraordinary ‘value, art objects, hazardous materials, perishable, very fragie tems, ive animals Warning: retueling panel intermittent warring ight Probler: refueling pana is open Peston: bettom right of fuselage, behind right wing Solution: engineer has closed the pane! 1 Do you have contact with an arrat engineer? ANSWER KEY 85a Answer reo] 2 We're not sue i's open or closed. {3 Ask Suna f that fuel pane door onthe bottom ofthe fuselage, 4 The engineer reports that he has closed the pan. '5 Conf the warning light is extinguished. > Mode! answer: Tower. YR-YYG at stand 2. Can you conta © YR-G. Roger. What's the problem? P We think we have an inspection panel open © Roger. Where on your aircraft? POnthe .. underside ofthe fuselage © Did you say onthe side of the fuselage? Negative. On the underside of the fuselage © Alger, pas that information on now. n engineer for 5a tband 2piece Sparel label Spalet Bprotect Thad Sweep 5 tplece 2apped © Sband loaded 5 pallet Spee 7s! 8 protected Unit 8 On-board fire 2a ced.ba Bm te 2 sb 44 Se 3a tare washroom Shave 4 willnot Shas gone aut 6 parking gate {3b 1 Conf that the fre sin your mil lavatory’? 4 ‘2. We are going to canteve the mayday call. ‘3 We vil make a compete stop onthe runvay ‘4 We have a signa rom the cabin that everything's OK, ‘5 Well cal ground services for your aval. tb Model answer: P Ramon contre, Circle 122. 24 miles OME north-east of MARA descending F240, We have a fie inthe cabin, © Girce 122, Ramon centre. Understand you have a cabin fre, Where exactly is the fre? Pin tne rear galley. Cabin crew report smoke and flames from the ktchen equipment, Request Immediate descent © Grate 122. Roger. Oe P Descending FLI60. Circle 122. The cabin attendants have deployed extinguisners, and we believe the fre is out ow. Cirle 122, © Circle 122. Contr your fre is extinguished. P Affirm. As a precaution, wed lke to continue escent and landing Sa tdepky — 2maunted —Stoam 4 monitor Sappiance media 7hose halon 80 tapplance 2 mounted ~—-Smonitor . 4 deploys Shose Smedia 7foam —Bhalon Unit 9 Ground movement incidents 28 ¥ piloterror y/ weather conations a TF 2F SF aT SF 3a 1 oreonights 2117 9108 back —Smarshaller Bright Toss S8.ranage 3 Confirm we'e parking at stand 116. 86 2 Your stand slong way before that. ‘8 Well set another set of green lights for you. ANSWER KEY Unit 10 Pilot 2a 2 4 We've got tha marshal sight now: '5 Youhave cut across the rass and it the drainage ditch Model answer: 7A327, Follow the green lights to bay 114 Follow tha Sghts to bay 140.TA327. TAG27. Negative. Bay 114, That's one one four Confirm we're parking n bay 11. TA327. A927, Affi Say position. ‘TASQT. Were adjacent to bay 117 ‘You've gone past, Wel set another set see any green bghts? en lights. Can you Arm. TA fence 2van Smarshaller camouflage Siolowed Ssign 7narow — Btruck truck 2mavshaller Gcamoutage narrow Ssigns Gtolow force Svan incapacitation ¥ incident statistos Y ahice for plots 1Thot cornmon ata 8 the same food 17 2T 3F 0 2d 30 Model answer Scherberg centre. Guickiat 988, The captain has lost sciousness, Ihave control ofthe ara (Guickiet 988, Confirm your captain s unconse Arn. He passed out completly about four minutes age. His ‘yes are shut and he isnot responding to my cals. Quicklist ee. (Guicket 988, Roger. Understand your st to help you? Yo the to divert. What CGuickiet 988, Runway 04 at Oransen is avalable. That causes of incapactation Y whois atocted 2 bath pilots and passengers 4 chest pain, weakness and palpation 4T 51 6F 1s ae avaliable? Cxickst 988. ae miles north-east of your postion. And runway 06 at Ternosand is available and fs 23 miles to the south, oes Temosand have LS? Quickjet 968, Quiket 988. Ne DME, Punway 04 at Oransen has I Roger. Request radar vectors to Dranen. Quick vornt nauseous cramp 4 ncapactated Spassout short Ttghion _Bpdiscning ‘Tightening 2 passed out Soramps 4 nauseous Swomit” Gehort 7 incapactated 8 polsoning rogress test 2 16 28 80 4b Se ja 2cande Saandb 4d Saandc Obando {Ness> 2 Transalr 6328 SN65GO 4 Tansair 6326 56530 6Postinest2 7 8 Transair 6326, + Unable to proceed on Echo due aircraft in opposite direction 2.We havo a Postine Fokker 60 nose to nose wih us on Echo. {3 There's a talcragger about 1,000 ft ahead, crossing ltt 0 right 4 We hit ne amp post here with our ltt wing. 5 Company advise we disembark our passengers her.Un 2a 2 3a Model answer: Tower. TC-WW. We've at a problem and we need to return to cur stand, TEU, Roger. What's your problem? ‘Thee isa strange sound corning fom the hols and our car door indicator is going on and att T-. TUL Roger. Proceed to stand... 3 via taxiway P Proceed to stand 6 va taxiway PO. Negative. Stand 6s now occupied. Proceed to stand 3 va taxinay F Roger. Stand 8 via taxvay P, Well need maintenance at the stand, T- TT. Roger Well pass on your request. ‘ruck 2plece load © 4nauseous ° Sfolow panel Tfoam —Bsign ‘panel track nauseous load /unload Stoam Gfolow 7pieces Bsign it 11 Ditchings Xlokes ising Flotation devices: inflatabe fe vest, raft ‘Actions: Fle and fy on an IFR fight plan radar / raft advisories when operating VER Causes uel exhaustion / mismanagement / contamination, ‘mechanical aur, fueliong 1 ful ines may be blocked 2.200 degrees, $0 mies Ssenchelicopters 4 Oxair 37's level and intentions inthe sea near two ships 6 warn the ships 1 Get the cabin crew to bri the passengers. 2 | think we are notable to reach the and ‘3 We may loe bath engines 4 We have very limited coastal rescue facies '5 The helicopters five miles away and has youn sight Mossel answer: MAYDAY MAYDAY MAYDAY, Shalaba Contra. PTA Beecherat Bonanza, 24 mies west of Binjal island, altitude 5,000 ft heading 090°. Severe engine vibration. Say nearest arfel. -TA. Roger MAYDAY, There isa grass stip on Lungga Island, 19 mies south We're losing power very quickly | belleve we have only minutes remaining. PA P-TA, Roger. Weil alert he coastguard, Say intentions. Turning right, neacng 180" Wil prepare to citch necessary PAA, P-TA. Say persons on board. Four persons. We have flotation devices. P-TA P-TA, Roger. A coastguard hescopter has been sera Isonits way to younow. led and ‘host 2 procedure Ginfiatable lake S.coas 6impact —7fotation Ship lake boats const 4 procedures Simpacting flotation inflatable 8 ship it 12 Animals b T drylce 2 18minutes 3 adog 49260010 ‘5 because he was rushing and no one toid him about the ‘animal 6 more information about ve animals 2a 1b,d 2a (animale, a hore, isnot mentioned) B 1c 2e 3d 4a 5b 4 Mode! answer: Weil cancel departure, Request tax! instructions to ‘company maintenance hangar, vir 352. © Avia 852, Vacate right taxiway C. Hold short runway 20R. Next right and ald short of runway 29R. Avia 362. _Atlair 352, Say reason fr aborted take-of. Wei animals and we suspect damage to the n iia 3 (© Avie 352. Roger. What type of animals were they? u aa P s P se u 2a 2 3a 30 ©. Aviair 352, Roger. Wore sor ‘Small rodents, many of them running over the field anc runaay. Aviair 362 1 a vehicle out nove aide Bie dead 4 roaming round hazard 2dead ‘roam 2 razars we run around 7 rodent 1 rodents 5 secured 6 wilt running nit 13 Wind and turbulence Plots 1 closure rte 4 radio contact 8 converging rac alerts given for severe precipitation, not snow 2 GHI569 requested delaying vectors, not streight-in appr {No mention of minimum fu 1 The weather appears to be moving south 2 weather conations 6 lead 3insight S trang 7 controled 2 Roger, what heading do you vi 3 We have a thunderstorm right over tne arpot right now “4 We may be able to bing you inca runway 19. '5 Keep us informed andi us know what works Model answer: ‘We are expecting to pass through 8 Make sure all passengers are seated How long before we each I? Probably in about fve minutes, ‘We nave a passenger whe has locked the tlle. ‘You have a passenger who's blocked the toilet? Negative. They've locked the-tolet and can't open the door ye severe turbulence, with their belts on It they don't open the daor soon, they! just have to sit ant (OK, try to tll them 1 tauch 2 soparation 6 uncomentiona 2 bumpy 6 unstable 7 ling rticpat 7 unconventional unstable 4 displaced nit 14 de, Icing 1 akcroft type temperature 9 fight evel 4 lost aespeed (knots) § propeller pm 6 rate of descent ft per mais) 7 alttude descanded to c.a.8.ah.1Dd, 1 rm ust now getting some contro 2 Maybe your ptt tube is fozen up. ‘3 We lost al airspeed with no warning “4 Youright pick up some mx '5 You might have ice on your antenna ANSWER KEY 8740 Model answer: Winjao approach. S464, Cimbing ‘S464. Roger. Say reason for cimb. Wie are very close to stall speed due severe icing. Control Is vory hard, Stand by. S464 S464, Standing by. Level L100, We appear to have contol again. S464, ‘S464, What woula you Ike to 40? We belive we have a faut with our ant-cing equipment. We will nged VMC. S464, © Toyokon s availabe, Cling 2,900 broken, Winds 230° at 10k. Sa taccumulate 2 buldup pickup 4heat S boot Breeze up —7met 8 vibrate 5 tbuildsup accumulates Sheet 4 melt S boots Stroezo up 7 vrata Bick up Unit 15 Storms 2a ¥ tneexperience of ying through a storm on-board weather detection equipment ¥, turbulence Night versions 2 1 When there are active storm clouds at high alts. 2 She usually goes fora gap inthe lino. {8 When vist is poor, or you are fying at right. 4 Turbuionce: the radar only senses water droplets. §5.300nm; to creumnavigate a large are of showers over the western Pactic ga 1cB 2aA abc 4aD a id 2a 3c 4e Sb 4 Model never So Luis Centre, Norte 243. Can we have slower speed? © Norte 243. Say reason P Weare encountering severe chop, Have passengers with minor injures. © Maintain speed 340 kn, What injuties do you have? They'@ not too serous but there's some scomtrt inthe cabin, We've got intense weather actly. Norte 243, Norte 243, We've been hit by ighning, Can you ge ys an Update on weather? Norte 243, Norte 243, At time 23 a Bosing 767 passing ACANA at FL910 reportad saver turbulence and convective storm act Rogar, Request version te Santasina due weather. Nore 243, 5a through jot col 4etrke — Saround Gcrcurnavigate Tinto 8 updraft 5» Torcumnavigate —2cel into 4 through jots Gundatts —Tstrkes — Baround Progress test 3 aac 2 [atleast % mie vistitty st Gesinatin bore dpartxe — EOS i Hot amid wosthee causes ‘Can te geisjea nee boa thunderstorms, ‘waaher nat us a rl destnaton sere lgrning, tuulence But aso song the route 88 ANSWER KEY gaat b2 06 at e4 15 Jo _ 1 The emecgency services have been alerted, 2 What i the closest suitable train fra forced landing? Sdn think we nave enough height to make ft over the water. 4A ight turn wil take you closer to rescue vessels 5 We are advised there sno acy onthe lak. Model answer N340S. Advise you have weather twenty mies ahoad, Isit showing ight or heavy? N340S, N340S. Severe Charla Bravos. Has anyone own through the area at or near my lve? NS4OS. N340S. Negative. All VFR traf e-routing to the north, Can you give me the woathor tothe noth? N340S. 28 miles north-east of TYT VOR/DME at time 34, a Beach Bonanza at 6,000 ft reported no signitcant weather P Ganyougive mea neaaing ofolow that route? N3«0s. ‘5a Timpact 2separation unstable 4 vrate Sinfatatie hazard 7 raling 8 crcurnavigato 5 Vinfatable —2unstable impacted 4 waling S.crourmavigated — S.separations 7 hazards, 8 ioral Unit 16 Depressurization ab 2 1 Boeing 747 (not ASSO) 2 18crew int 8) 3 onising at 30,000 feet not ust after take-off 4 rupture was 1m 6 other cylinders faled because of extemal causes ma 1T 2F séTmsAl eT o7T @F 3b 1 Your transmission is breaking up. 2 Can you switch to frequency 128.975? $8 We would ike to work this frequency 4 We cannot communicate wit the ight attendants '5 Well ned assistance for the passengers. 40 Model answer: Bast Gente. Frey 914, Request immectate descent © Fry St, Desoend to FLITO. P FLITO, Fret a4 Frey 814. Say reason for descent ve go a steady oss of prossure from an emergency ext Fretty 34, (© Fretly S14. What's the problem with your door? Ps te right-hand forward emexgancy ext We think the doors rot sealed properly, Request diversion to Janstad. Firety 314 © Fratiy 314, Undarstand you have pressurization problems. Continue descent FLI70. On reaching contact Janstad approach 132.250. ‘structural 2sabotage rupture 4 falure Spenetrate Gresidue 7 discharge extemal penetrated —2rupture Structural residue Sextomal Ssabotage 7 dscharge 8 falure Unit 17 Passenger problems Western Paciic 76 dvertad to Seoul at 0990 due unuy pax Fightattandans unable to rastran him. Other pax held him clown uni arvalin Seous Pax arested by local aw enforcement m iT 27 3F 47 SF eT a Ghbeahod1 Functor you ar loking fra cersion 2 We've got about ve people hang him down 4 Two seven lt not gong to work 4 We'd ogo to a company ga, poss. uid yu the re to coord wih operations? 4b Model anower: © Corts Genre. Mainline 694 We ae getting reports oa sorious disturbance inthe cabin. Hey Meine 84, Roger Whats the nature of th disturbance? P- Ourfight attendant tls usa fight Ras broken out between three male passengers. Request diversion io San Clemente international Maine S98 © Maine 694, Descend FLI20. Pass FUERTA at LITO or shove P DoscondFL120, Pass FUERTA at FLI7O or above, Mainine 504 © Mainine 694, Howie tha station n your cabin? Pent wry stabo. seems othr pasongers aro gating imlved. We have al he ight attendants occupied now Maine 534, © Maine 594, Roger. Wel cl aw enforcement ans 5a talarm —2conttont hurt 4 handout § unarmed 8 trreaten 7yell 8 hold down 8 tunarmed —2yeling Sthveatening 4 held down Scontronted — Ghandoutled —7hurt — Balarm Unit 18 Bomb scare 28 He gave arote toa fight attendant saying he had a bomb, then ted to walk towards the cockpit 2 1/Munien — 2early 50's Safterthe plane landed 4 They said the man was not drunk and thay dt see ‘anybody fighting, the fight was very calm, when they landedand saw armed police ganigveny ‘6. One o the cabin crew overracted to being harassed by the passenger yarenent 3a Problem: @ suspicious passengers on board, cing to have a bomb and threatening to blow up the craft ‘ation: lot plans to put the ara into negative‘! so the passengers wil fall down and can be overpowered Resolution: passengers are restrained and package fs nota ‘bomb, inmacte diversion and landing 2b 1 We have had a report of tree suspicious passengers. 2 There are three armed passengers standing ith asl 8 lintend to put the arrat into negative ‘g 44 The purser and securty marshals ae in a postion to ‘overpower thom, 65 The tives passengers are retrained and the package isnot a bom, 40 Model answer: P Western Approach, Atlanta 2278, We have a suspected tomo onboard © Alianta 3278, Squawk 7500. Whats your status now? P_Squawking 7500. tight attendant found a note saying we had ‘bomb on board. We are searching the alcaft at this tie. ‘tanta 2278, Atta 2278, Did you say your fight attendant found a bombs? Negative. We found a writtan note. As a precaution, wed ie to return to Drovenda International ‘ulanta 3278, Roger. Fy heading 260" Heading 260". The crew have competed the soarch ang hart fancening Webainn eaten ba wet ale n4y fg, return anyway, Alarta $278, oe ‘Nanta 3278, Roger, Well have security services meet you on lncing, 1 disposal 2overpower restrain 4 suspicious S demand Gairmarshal Tamed 8 examine ‘Veuspicious armed — demanded 4 ar marshal Soverpower Gresiained examined 8 cisposal it 19 Take-off incidents Tatalstrke —2appied ited off 4 many soranes S oroundinstalatons — 6arframe “ist offcer —2captain Sve 4 runway cenraine Slocatzsr inspection panel Goose 506 2 Taurus 623.9 Skybird 451 4 Azure £25, Easy775 5Goose 5086 Fightstar 433 ic 2e 3b 4d 5a Model ansiver: Vishapur tower. Tigar 243. Abome passing height $00 ft believe we had 2 talstrko, Tiger 243, Confirm talstike Tiger 243. Did you soe it? Tiger 283, Arm. You had a long scrape along the runway, ‘maybe 200 yards. There's debris on the runway now. What's on the runway? Tiger 283. Tigar 283, You've lft metal debris onthe runway. 'm getting reports of sections of fuselage skin by the runway threshold. State intentions. e 2 3a atc. Ani, we wil tur to your airfeld Tigar 248, Tiger 243, Roger. Gib altitude 2,500 tt. Tum ett neacing 2107 ‘scrape abrasion Sleak 4over_ Srmateral Gskn 7 debris 8 tal ‘abrasion 2materal Sover debris S scraped @skn tral Blaakges it 20 Lost 1 The plot spit catfee ver the instruments 2 Bacauso the print was so sland they were not lane wth magnetic noth <3 talking wth ATC, they found where they were onthe trader 2GPS —Sfickered 4 crcut breakers Sheading —Gmagneticnorth 7 confirmation 8 Bilbao VOR 1 don't seem to.be working here Stour 4treshold 5 Contact 1 Are you declaring a fuel emergency? 2.Can you vector us lw enough o Sethe apport? 2 Tis wil be a no-gyro eurvelance approacr, 4 The aport willbe twelve tclock 5 Continue visually, you are cleared to land runway 27 et Model ansiver: aka Control, 26EF, Our instuments are nat an we are neue of postion -20EF. Say lst known positon Last known postion 18 mise NE of CELRA VOR, 2 compass working proper ANSWER KEY 89[ATC L266F Confirm ast known position of 80 miles NE of CELRA OR, P_ANegative, Last known poston 18 miles NE of CELRA VOR ATC A Roger, last known postion 18 mas NE of CELRA VOR. A, ‘Squawk 6600 on your transponder P_Squawking 6600. A. [ATC Al don't have you on my screen. State aircraft type, soeed ands attitude 5a talgn 2compass Sroute 4 rescue S.gyroscope 6 char 8 se0m 5b Toute —2gyfoscope seem charts Signed Boompass — 7low — Brescue Progress test 4 2a a2 bd c6 d5 et 13 201 The aircraft ueched tothe lft. 2 People wore crying and shouting. $3 A.window popping out or acargo door blowing. 410t0 15 minutes, 5 They gavea rou 6 The gaping hole that ne saw i the side ofthe areratt as he ot ot ga iF 2F aT 4T 6F 6T 8 1 Trficis passing over younow, right oft, slighty above 2 Do youhave your landing lights on? 3 What are you tying over now? 44 We're over a main road, with @bult-up area at my 10 o'cock. 65 We bellow you ae approaching Drabura ariel. 40 Model answer: P. Moosan approach, Runner 564, Request immediate return anc landing at Moosan, (© Runner 864, Roger. Turn let heading 260°. Vectoring for ILS approach runway 15. P Turn eft heading 260°. Runner $64, © unnar 564. Report reason for return. P Weve gota female passenger on board who's pregnant with ‘wins. Our crew suspect she's going int labour Runner 56 (© Runner 564,1'm sorry, What's the problom with your female passenger? P_Wethink she's going to give birth, Runner 564, Gunner 564, Roger. Wel call paramedic for your aval Sa examine 2debrs Shut 4rupture 5 skin Gaign 7suspicous 8 sabotage So Idebris 2suspicousSalgned ruptured Ssabotage Gskin Texamined — 8 hurt Unit 21 Aircraft breakdown — mechanical 2a b> 1T 27 aF 47 8F 6T 2a reottythe problem 2all__S.are touching he ground 4 secure the doors Shas 6 wilartvoina short time 30 1 Runway 26 out of service due disabled ara 2 Do you want to dlsambark your passengers? '3 We need to got the main landing gear pinned. 4s there maintenanee on the fel that can do? 5 We're checking ia mechanic ison sto for you. 40 Model answer TM. Cleared for taka of runway 03. Wind 170°. 8k P Cloared for take off runway 03. ITM. 90 ANSWER KEY Fumo Tower. ITM, Ive got problems with my engine. Unable to proceed with departure. © ITM Roger. What sort of problems do you have? Pe. got serious woraton and abnormal noise when increase tnotte. Request retun tothe apron. TM © TTM Are you able to tax under own power? Negative. The noise is now very loud at idle, so '™m shutting ‘own the engine. Request ow. TM. TM. Expect tug in two minutes. ‘inoperative release 3MEL__ 4 mechanic Srefuse —Ghangar —sortout St So thanger 2release = SMEL_— 4 instaiad Sinoperatie retuned — Tmechenic sort out Unit 22 Aircraft breakdown— electrical 2 1F 27 9F 4F 5F 6 3a 1 any electronics at a? 2yourneading? — Saradio chock? 4 Mont St Miche? S a handheld radio ght now? 6 s00tratfc out there? 3b 1 think | see you on radar. 2 watch to see if you tun that way 3 try 0 et the ight turned on, ‘4 There is no known trac ta contin the vin. '5 He hasan electrical problem and may have.noant-clision ‘beacon or sabes. fa Mode answer © Do youhave any electronics at al? P. Weare on back-up power. © Doyounave any electronics at all? P| dont think you can hear us. © gan near you. Understand you are on backup ower. Are your instrumonts stl working? Negative. We have some sort of ee fe might have to divert. Saltash is the nearest airfield to you. Do you want to ‘livert to Salta? It get them to turn the lights on. frm. Divert to Saltash, We'l need the lights turned ical problem, 5a 1 generator 2stobe Sdollcato Awe Soutput Gatemator loose charge 5 twies 2attemator loose 4 charged Soutput Getrobe delicate 8 generator Unit 23 Volcanoes tate 2a of 4c 2 te 2c Seanda 4@ Sfandc of Ba tweck 2remainat Slower 460km Slight 8 not compltoly sure 3b 1b 2c 8a 40 Model answer: PDawangi Cente, Island 649, We have a strong smet ‘of sulphurn the cockpit Roger. When dd you fst notice this smal? ‘About three minutes ago, at time 12. Roger. Say visbilty at your fight love It's eifut to say. Yolow haze, We thinkit's geting worse. 40 80© What isthe wind direction and speed? Wind direction 190° at about 30 mis We had a raport of an eruption at Mount Sinnang, 120 rmles north-east of your postion. Suggest tuming lett heading 310 5a 1sope —2fal Grim 4haze —S.conical Gla Terater Bsmt |S tconea! —2haze Semel 4a © Slava Grim | Telopes —Bcrater Unit 24 Dangerous goods 2a vf pasticdes, ¥ asosdls, 7 comosives, Y matches, 7 mercury 2 Thaatn — 2youknow how they wil benave 4 ibrations 5 cit weaken 3a 1NM ‘er, 87... 46° gM OF 30 1 We've got fumes in the cabin 2's stating to hurt ny eyes, 28 Call me it anything important changes. 4 You've got a big problem back hee. ‘5 Well be on the ground soon, 4 Model answer: FA. Theresa strange smell back here, tsi coming from the ar vents? FA No. cant lcate the source. Check the overhead lockers. FA 've done tha. | tink it's coming from the hol. What makes you say that? You don’t have access to FA The floor is very wart All along or justin one spot? 6a thandler — 2foor stack hold Substance 6torbidden symbol 8 precaution 8 handlers 2 precautions Ssymbols substances Storbidden stacked floor Bhold Unit 25 Collisions 2a 1 Thee 2Wingtips 2 1T2T 9F 4F SF GF Ga 1GNG 2GERGME SGJG 4G-ER SGNG 6 GuG.GME > 1 There wil be trac backtracking opposite drt 2 Keep tothe right-hand sie, 3 The Piper ust brushed cur let wing to. "4 Request permission to step out of the art '5 When you have parked, could you telephone ma?” 40 Model answer: P_Andong tower, Sparrow 784. We've had a collision with another aivrat ‘Sparrow 734, Say postion. East Apron, on , by V ust oppesite terminal 2, stand 8, © Roger. What's happened? The Fokker clipped our right wing 65 t was taxing to stand. (CRoger. Well send out a vehicle to you now. Do you have damage? 1 _Afrm. We have damage. It was quite an impact. We've ‘applied parking brake and shut down both engines. Were contacting company now. © Roger. Would you tke assistance with your passengers? 5a itp 2tatonary Stik Ain Sledge @sice 7 underse 8 contact 5b clipped 2statonary —Stp 4siced Stuck Gunderside lodged 8 contact, Progress test 5 itwas to setup a postion on the ground and then direct the ar force 10 op the supplies 20 tony —2didn't Sonthegound 4 below 5 droppedin theright places 6 The terain Ba 1 Eastern 865 2Artrans $23 3 EITFC 4ARMYARR 232 S ELTFO and ARMYAIR 202 6 Sunbied 223 and Altrans 3237 Eastem 865, a 16 20 Se 4b Sa 40 Model answer: Santa Catalina, T-MOO. Airborne, passing altitude 4,900 ft. We havea problem with our Naps. CTHO, Roger. What's the nature ofthe problem? They're stuck at 11°. We bolove it's mechanical failure. Request return to your airild. 11-0. © TEO, Tum ett heading 340°. Vectoring for visual approach runway 16, Report runway or fed in sight. Tum eft heading 840°, Wilco. This will be an abnormal fa landing. T1-0. © THO, Roger. call services for your arrival Ptwit be a long rol-out and we expect problems with braking, THO. © TLO. Rogar. Services wil be in position atthe far fend of the runway. 5a 1loose —2haze instal 4 stationary Sti. Gunderside 7 wire inoperative ‘ staionary 210088 inoperative 4 underside Sinctaled 6p Thaze Bwire Unit 26 Fuel problems 281 Leaks to the fal tank systems. 2 They are working with Arbus 16 solve the problem. 2 eoabd 3a Problem pot ca’ retract faps under 10° Action: dump 70,000 kg of tue then return to Fiton Poston: 20 DME from Fiton, in the Sever estuary, fve miles rorth of Lundy Island, {30 1 Wate trying to dacde whether to continue or come back. 2 It looks lke were going to havo to dump ful {31 give you vectors to Fiton on completion 44 We cant retract the laps below 10%. 5 t's gaing to take about 20 minutes. 4 Mode! answer: P__ MAYDAY MAYDAY MAYDAY. Vitch Centre. Dakar 74, 23 mies rorth-east of Soliursk, alttude 2,600 m. Heading 040°, ‘Antonov 2 with engine problems. Request distance to nearest alte. © Dakair 374, Roger MAYDAY. Crukov is one o'clock, 82 kn P Roger. ltude 2,400 m, Unable to maintain atu. Request ‘look altitude between 1,000 and 2,000 m and diversion to CCrukev. Dakar 374 ANSWER KEY 94se r ogey, B0-minui celey, Bogut raaton Sor doay? runway and obviously has had ethor a gear obi, tho ies {eer nas perhaps collapsed, or thare was a pear problem © KLM234, We have a cisbled aircraft on runway. In fight and th plot cid a wineels-up landing. P Roger. KLMESs. ‘There's a gentleman standing by the aircraft looking very thouahituly towards the wing root. | suspect he is an tengineer, who's baen sent intial fo make an assessment 2 1413 ‘of the damage. Obviously there will have to be some work P = pilot, C= controller ‘one to get the aircraft back onto its wheels and towed b back to the hanger Intorestnaly the proper blades don't P Groeber Approach. O&598. whether the aircraft landed with the engin © 0506. Groeber. Pass your message. not, | don't know If the engines were going we'd exp Kanga Onis arogacn wr Fo. estia. bent propellers, The setting ofthe airport i fairy rural GYU20. information Charlie, ONE 1010, The ¥oo-ned hreon, que nce weather the man Cea area ein strlen abet ses a Ist sleeves. he hy ots Band ink te sun sector saturation. Time 22. Expect omning clearance ‘ o P_Romain outside controled airspace, OESE8. 2 1.18 1 = interviewer, © = Mr Oblovsky @ 1.44 | ToaayaTupcle 164 permed. gorse ;ouchdown during its landing here at Almaty aio Petic = gomcroner It sledded on the runway, Bu fortunately was able e to take off and land normaly alter @go-around ws A The passengers wore vary lucky to have landed P_stansa Tower. C032. Request pushback eee without any inure. | have Mr Oblevsky with me © 0032. Negative. There is spilage onthe ramp ee behind you. Hold postion, ertcipete ¥O-rinute Understang thet the ground proximity warning ate. system which warns the crew to lower the Roger 10-minute delay. CC32. undercariage was switched ots that core © Yosits tru. Because the approach is 0 fw just @ 1.45 100 m over the mountains, the warning was going Pea career offal te in ard was distracting the crew. ie 1 And that led tothe airrat landing with gear up? (© No, The approach was"astr than expected and © DAY. Maintain hold north, as published, delay because the runway was occupied by another indefinite, snow removal in progress, anticipate Cee Ter. tes pie daclaad Weare noadinn update at time 1190. But when the Tupoley captain saw that the 757 was P Roger. Can we have lower speed dus chop at this taking off ho changed his mind and decided to lanc love? D4y. 1 Butwth gear up? Surely even withthe GPWS © DAY. Cleared to Levico, hold as published switched ofthe crew would have gone through ther P Cleared to Levico, wico. D4Y. checkist and reaized the goar was not extended (© They simply didnt have time because of the change 2 of ming and they only aalize just before landing ee ‘The captain immediatoly ordered a go-around. The P = pilot, C= controller aircraft reacted slowly and hit the runway and then ° ites off the ground © 943. Delaying aoton. Weather below landing minima 1. Was the aerate cemaged? at Kilachtuna, Fly heading 275 (© The Tupolev has lage landing gear cariages which shielded the lancing gear wing and flaps. The aircraft skidded on these but was able to take off and land normally after a go-around, P Turning left heading 276°. Do you have an estimate for an improvement in the weather? 943, So this i clearly @ case of plat error? (© Atthis stage itis too early to say and we need to examine all the evidence. LISTENING SCRIPT 97eee: ee This is @ picture of @ British Airways VC10. land the engines are swite {gold chain and posts. There is nobody on the 98 LISTENING SCRIPT 2 1.19 P= pilot, ATC = air-tratfic controller, T = tower Colombo Radar. PHG 3002 has right main gear Unsafe indication, Request radar vectors for LS furway 04 and low pass to confi wheels are down. [ATC PHG 2002 tum lett heading 120°. P Tumleftheading 120". PHG 3002 ATC Descend to altitude 3,009 ft, QNH 1,000, Continue descent to atitude 8,000 ft on QNH 1,000. PHG 8002 [ATC PHG 3002. Tum lett neading 085° P Left heading 065". PHG 9002. [ATE PHG 3002 cleared forthe ILS approach runway 04 report localzer establishes P Cleared for LS approach runway 04. Wi. PHG3002 Lcalizer established 04 with 10 nm tun, Confirm ‘loud base. PHG 3002, [ATC PHG 8002. Cloud base 2,000 ft, What are your intentions? We wil level at 500 ft AGL and request a visual inspection trom Tower to confrm all wheels are jown, PHG 3002 [ATC PHG 3002. Roger. Continue approach. Contact Tower 1187 P Roger, contact Tower 118.7 PHG 2002. Colombo Tower, PHG 3002, localizer established runway 04 at distance & rm. Wil cll level at 600 ft fora low pass to confirm wheels down 7} PHG 9002, Colombo Tower, Roger. Continue ‘approach, wind 060" 10 kn P Continue approach. PHG 2002. Colombo Tower, maintaining 800 ft. PHG 2002 Colombo Tower. PHG 3002, all wheels appear down. What are your intentions? We are minimum fuel. Request climb to 1,500 ft for 2 vival left-nand cieut and request immediate fending clearance for runway 04, PHG 3002 Progress test 1 @ 1.20 looks tke it's standing by ether waiting for a VIP to arrive or it's just dropped him or her oft t's stationary beside the taxiway off, There isa red carpet and a dais which run away from the aircraft tothe taxiway ‘The carne is red of course and the dais is sutrounded by dais at al All the activity is taking piace by the arcraft tse. There fare two air star doors one lacing o a closed door, the front one and the main passenger one, there are one OF two people in uniform atthe top ofthe stars. There's a (group of spectators, some in dark sults, some look as i 2° they are ground crew, There's also some security, some Soldiers who are armed. And there is a baggage container rear the back ofthe aircraft and an air conditioning unit dio towards the back. I's a beautiful clear day, not @ Cloud inthe sky. There is some very dry grass coming off the taxiway either side ofthe carpet. There is fooling ‘surrounding the entre picture, Two passenger airines wore lust seconds from disastor inva near miss incident near Krasnodar. A quick thinking titrate controller saved the ves of 302 people. I's not just plots who are responsible for the safety of passengers. Teams of dispatch angineers have @ huge ‘bity. At this centre each controller monitors up to tenaircraft at atime. Yuri has been working as a controler for over ten years. Yur's quick thinking prevented tio planes that were only 200 metres apart from crashing into fone another. Yuri can you talk us through what happened? ‘Well | could 890 thatthe two airplanes ware too close together, and both immediately rs \Why were they s0 close? ‘The Tupolev 154 and a Boeing 767 both departed during iy shit. But the Tupolev had problems with its landing (gear and they were unable to retract so the airplane Started to lose alttude. Meanwhile the Boeing beneath it was clmbing at ful throttle over the arcrat. They were bath traveling a high speed and were only 15 seconds ‘away trom colidng, | instructed the Boeing to turn right, ‘The whole incident was aver very quickly butt seemed to last forever Yur has received @ lt of media attention and many calls. ‘But he simply gots on with his oo, The risks are many, but wth concentration and good teamwork we are abe to keap the sky safe Usually we don't know the names ofthe people wh oop us safe in the sky. But now this ait-traffic controler onger unknown and he is getting all the praise he deserves 1.22 P = pilot, ATC = alr-traffic controller PSayumbu tower. Narua 238. Downwind. [ATC Narua 296. Roger. How is your gear now? P The steep turn didn't shit the gear so we're stil indicating right main gear up. Narua 236. ATC. Narua 296. You are number one for runway 16\ State intentions. P Weld lke to try a touch and go to see if that loosens the right gear. Request touch and go, runway 16L. Narva 236. [ATC Narua 296. Approved touch and go runway 16L, por fal P Wilco ... nd atter touch and go can you give & visual on the gear? Narua 236ATC Narva 236, Affirm, P Nerve 236. Final ATC Narua 236. Clear Surface wind calm, P Cleared touch and go runway 16L. Narva 4 touch and go runway 16, Your right main gear stil appears up, We're declaring an emergency now and we'd like to land the aeroplane, Which isthe best runway for abnormal gear landing? Narva 236. [ATC Narva 236. Roger Mayday. Runway 16L is the best runway for you. There is plenty of space either side ofthe runway should you need it P Roger. Request ful {and a visual approach and landing runway 16L ATC Narua 236, Fire and rescue services are on standby. Report left downwind runway 16. P Wileo, Narva 236. ‘Wel be touching down lett of centreline, and ahhh vised We're likely o veer to the right onthe runway. Nerua 236 ‘ATC Narua 238. Roger. Thank you forthe information. Unit 6 Birds ° 1.23 This is a military transport aircrft, ahigh-ing twin Op aircraft on a runway, It ook tke it's a oth engines are running and the arratt has its landing ights on a it would do for take-off By the look Of t's starting its take-off rol, The runway has a slight dip init heading down towaras me, and in the foreground is lock of white birds which look Ike storks of some sort. Alo ofthe bids are starting to take off so they nave ‘obviously been frightened by the aircraft. This could pose ‘a problem for the pilots. n the background is a wooded 1.24 interviewer, D = David 1 David, were standing by runway 01 here at \Whitsand International airport where your team is working with a new system, Can you tellus what We D Yes, sure, this isa mobile bird detection radar fem designed to cover the runway hers where we are at the moment. We have a horizontal radar that's tracking bird movements four to six miles around the airport, And this isthe vertical radar which covers the approach and departure Corridors. This detects birds four mies out in the Cearridor and gives us risk levels on bird actvty 1 And what are you hoping to do? D The goals to track species that pose the greatest risk to aircraft, the medium, large and flock-size category birds, and provide useable contro! data (othe al-traffc contralers so they can more effectively manage the rik, e How reliable is this technology? ‘Oh, very. We can pick up a small bid out to several miles, and flocks out to eight, ton or even 12 mies, Let's go inside and have a ook. ‘So show me what this s. These computers process the real-time data from tne radars, and the data for bird tracks. The screen here shows us the bird activity around the airport. ‘And ... ar. each of these green dots on the soraen isabia? Yes. Basically t's an ai-ratic bras. rol radar for Is the system operational? It's used by the military, s0 tis already operational, but we're sil testing it for use in chil aviation And what's the timescale on this project? When do you think i be ready? We're aiming for launch in 1.25 lot, C = controller Victor Tango 821. Airborne, passing 800 ft. | think we hit birds Victor 821, State intentions. Request priority landing, Vietor 821, Victor 821. Roger. Turn let heading downwind Left heading 230", Wilco. Victor 821 Victor 821. Downwind to land, Victor 821. Roger. Have you got any damage? Afi, we have a cracked windsoreen and | think we hhad an impact with the nose gear, Victor 821 Victor 821, Roger. ried recycling the gear, but we stil have a red light, Request a tower fy past to confirm the status of the ose gear. Victor B21, Vietor 821. Cleared iow pass runway wind 070° at 15 kn not below 500 f. red low pass runway 05 not below 500 ft. Victor 05. Surface 82: Victor 821. We see what looks Ike a loose cable or hose on your nose gear and looks lke remains of ‘some birds stuck in the mechanism, but the nose who! appears down, What ara your intentions? Roger. Well attempt another approach and landing. Victor 824 Victor 821. Roger. Turn left heading 234 report again downwind. Left heading 230°. Wilco. Vetor 821 Victor 821, Downwind cequest continue the ‘approach, but | belave we wil have problems wit ‘the steering on landing. Vietor 821, Roger, we wil have emergency vehicle (on stand-by. LISTENING SCRIPT 99e o 100 Listening Script P It could be that we swerve to the let on landing going to make a slow approach, but be aware that ‘we could come off the runway tothe left, Victor 621, © Victor 821 Roger. You are number one to land, Emergency services are ready for your arrival. Report again on final, Unit 7 Cargo 1.26 11m looking at a picture ofa busy part ofan airfild which deals with cargo. There are three 747s lined up. One is “Japanese Airlines, the middle one is Cathay Pacific and tne third ona I'd quess is Polar Air Cargo. | can't read that on the side but we can sae a tall which | think belongs to itwith a Pina ccle and Polar written above that right on ‘he tip ofthe tal it's a very busy terminal area, The foreground is covered with cargo, most of it in containers or on pallets, and there are one or two vehicles wich are presumably bringing ground crew tothe site. Toward the background of the scene we can see areas ofthe terminal building or perhaps the maintenance facity, | don't know. ° 1.27 AFHL = Air freight help lino, customer AHL Hello air freight. How can |help? © Yes, hello. need to send a shiprnent of goods and need to know the best way to pack them. [AFHL OK, Wel it wil depend on the nature of the {goods, but generally, the most important thing is to put them in @ container. © Isthat really necessary? [AFHL Wel, containers will protect your cargo from ‘physical damage and trom ran and wil also protect your cargo from thieves, by making it more diffcult to steal, We charge for containers at lower rates than uncontained cargo of the same weight, so it would be cheaper for you. Finally, containers will Keep your cargo together and stop portions oft getting lost. © Ok, that all sounds sensible. What do I need to do with regards to labeling? [AFHL You need to label each piece in big, bold letters in ‘we places with the name, address, and phone number of the shipper and consign, that is, the person oF company you are sending the goods to. © And do! need to wrap the container?, [AFHL Many of our customers bind thet shipments in containers with metal bands. Use three in each, ‘rection around the piece. Use numbered seals i 2 possible, We can provide you with these if you'd like © Ive got some pretty unusual things I'd ke to ship. Gan you tal me what is and isn't permitted? [AFHL You'll nesd to look at our rules for all the details ‘But to give you an idea, there are special procedures for articles of unusual sze or length, articles of extraordinary value, art objects, hazardous LISTENING SCRIPT Cees EEE materials, perishables, very fragile items, ve animals and 60 on, © | 360, Well actualy! do have some quite valusble art pieces. What kind of special procedures do I need to {90 through? [AHL It you'l ust hold the line for one moment I put you through to someone whol be able to give you some: ‘more specialist advice, One moment please © OK. Thanks for your help, 1.28 1/2 = pilot 1/2, ATC = airtraffic controller PA Birmingham Ground this is Sunair 401. We have a litle problem. Do you have contact with an aircraft engineer? We'd like him t0 look at our acca [ATC Sunair 401. What do you need him to look at? PA We nave an intermittent refueling panel warning ight ‘and we're not sure if it's open or closed. Sunair 401 Roger. Sunair 407, an engineer is on his way. Can you let me know the locaton ofthe panel? P1 On the right side of the fuselage, behind the right wing, Suna 401 are. [ATC 401. You say the acoess panel ison the right wing behind the fuselage? 1. Negative. On the right side ofthe fuselage, behind the right wing, I's about head height. Sunair 401, 2 Tower. Kinglines 153. [ATC Pass your message. Kinglines 153. 2. Ask Suna that fuel panel door is on the bottom of the fuselage, [ATG Sunair 401, is ton the bottom of the fuselage? P _Onthe bottom on the right side, Sunair 401, P2_ It's open, There's a small door hanging open on the bottom of the right side of the fuselage on the ‘Sunair A240, Kinglines 183. [ATC Sunsir 401 that was from Kinglines 183, she just taxied behind you. PI Roger. Kingines 169, thank you. [ATC Sunair 401. Birmingham Ground, the engineer reports that he has closed the panel. Confirm the warning light is extinguished. 1. Afr, Many thanks. We are now ready to taxi to taxivay 63, Suna 401 Unit 8 On-board fire 1.29 ‘This is picture of an arportfire-service traning exercise “There is. a mock-up alvraft which is made to look ike a 1DC-10. The starboard engine is enguifed in flames and there appear to be some flames over the right wing, ‘lose to the main fuselage. The fre is producing aute a, lot of black smoke which is dispersing towards fe reer ofthe arcraft structure, There are two large six-wheel6 a fre appliances attoncing to the situation, both on the ° right-hand side ofthe arcraft. Each ofthe appliances al has various firemen around it, and fre fighters on top of @ the appliances. The appliance on the right-hand side is starting to spray water or foam onto the airratt structure using the roof-mounted fra hoses, Both trucks have ‘BAA Pp fighting service’ writen on the side which makes me P ‘think that the picture was taken in the United Kingdom, e P 1.30 We have a lage fleet of appliances at our station at Barat International, c Firston the list are the high-volume pumping vehicles. These are capable of carrying an enormous amount ‘of foam, and then applying it under massive pressure land volume, They are equipped with a root-mount high-volume ‘monitor’ or ‘nazzié" whieh can shoot Fr extinguishing medi @ ong way to reach the fre. ‘Another piece of bauipment Is the snozzle, which has ” recently been introduced at Bljarati. Ths type of 100! ‘mounted monitor has a device resembling a spike Tat Can “ pierce the fuselage ofan aircraft and dalver large amounts ‘of water and foam inside the aircraft. This makes airport frofighting safer, a freighters do not need to set foot inside the aircraft to extinguish tres Tee Then we have these rapid intervention vehicles which {are capable of arriving atthe scene ofan incident more Quickly. We also use these smaller vehicles as comma Vehicles during rescue or freighting operations. ur airport is category ton, meaning that we are able to handle the largest aircraft, such asthe ASAO. As pa the regulations for catagory ten airports, we also Keep an aerial ladder platform capable of reaching the upper deck of the A380, ‘The flestis also supported by smaller fre appliances similar to those used in domestic fre fighting. They are can make I's leading the alrraft along the line marking the taxiway, probably coming in to park airport. | say that because we can't see any terminal dente vert ings here. The background is very ruraralfnough |, 7 ccan see some high tension cables in the further distance So| presume i's just leaving a runway. Also i we “Behind it and under the right wing, we can age a board, marking one of the aircraft holding points onthe taxi and bul ing 64, That's copied. Confirm fd in sight Arm, Fastwing 64 Fastwing 64. Cleared to land runway 07. Wind is 120, at 22 kn, Cleared to tand runway 07. Fastwing 64 Tower. Fastwing 64 Fasting 64, Pass your message. As it looks now, we are able to tax to our parking postion. We have a signal from the cabin tat ‘everything's OK now. Fastwing 64 Fastwing 64, Rger. Proceed tothe isolated parking position via G1, The emergency services wil flow ‘Well call ground services for your arial Unit 9 Ground movement incidents 1.32 ‘This picture is taken | thinkin the summer, probably in Wester Europe or the USA, It shows @ Bosing Arca with some stripes on it, following afollow-me venicle, The vehicle is chequered and also has warning ights on it svisibilty or Its presence known to aircrew having just landed atthe ‘mainly used to deal with incidents within the bulcings 2 1.33 around the airport, but also assist at aircraft incicents 1 1.31 ' P = pilot, C = controller P Nohma tower. Fastwing 64. We are maintaining altitude 6,000 and we are cleared now to 2,500 ft (on QNH 1010 milibars. We are starting our descent s to Nhoma now, Fastwing 64 1 © Fastwing 64. Nohma tower. Rager. We understand you have a fre. Cleared visual approach runway 07,1 confirm the QNH is 1010 milibars. Report maintaining 1,500 ft. We have emergency services standing by I it @ cabin tre? In ourmid lav, Fastwing 64, 8 © Fastwing 64. Confirm that the fre is in your mide : lavatory? P Afr. We depiojed halén but we are going to - Continua the mayesay call f © Fastwing 64, Roger P For your information... we wil make a complete s stop on the runway, we wil evaluat situation i then ...and if we are not going to evacuate on the runway we wil return to parking by ourselves and stop the arcraft there, Festwing 64 Instructor, $= student Many pilots think @ fight begins with take fonds when the sitraft departs the runwa tho landing rol, This is partly true Dut la of problems can occur wth srerat on the ith the wing, for example, causing prob Do you mean gusting w Winds, both steady and gusting can cause problems. A common one isa plot landing ina strong wind whichis aligned Wath the runway. When he turns off to taxi the acai is blown on to wing tip and the pict blames sudden gust of wind ‘even though the weather station reports no gust Are there any other situations that can cause probiems on the ground? Ground obstructions cause just as many di ‘The biggest hazard is right operations on dark ramps. But many aceidents happen in dayignt wher Dilots misjudge wingtip clearance, or focus on one side and hit something on the other Ara there many injuries? Not mary of the accidents resut in injuries, Is always the occasional one where some unfortunate person walks into a spinning prope LISTENING SCRIPT 10%& Ouch! Soit’s rare to hit a person, but what sort of thing gets hit the most? 1 For builcings it's mainly hangars, and as for vehicles, {uel trucks tend to get hit the most 'S What about incidents involving other alrerat’? 1 Well they're not as common, but stil significant. You fet cases of colliding aircraft, and aso aircraft welt feed across a taxiway or runway Golding with an aircraft that lands and exits the runway atthe same spot & —Sothe advice to remember is thet ‘you're fying from the moment the engine starts until the moment you shut the engine down 1 Absolutely @ 1.34 1 = pilot, ATC = air-traffic controller [ATC ALBR follow the green lights to bay 117. Remain this frequency Follow the green lights to 116. Remain this frequency. ALBR. ATC ALGR. Say again. P Tower. ALR. Confkm we're parking at stand 116. [ATC ALER, your stands 117. Say position P Wereat 108. ALER, [ATG Confirm 1087 P We're right at 108. ALR, [ATC ALBA, your stand is @ long way before that. We'll fet anather set of green lights for you sir. Stand by please. [ATG ALER. Can you see any green P Affirm, ALBA, [ATG ALEA, just follow the green lights. The graen lights ‘wil lead you al the way back to bay 117 Poger. After this we'l follow the green lights back: 117, Thanks. ALER. AALER. We've got the marshall in sight now. [Are ALGN. OK. Anyway the bay 117 is now just to your fight, sir, and understand you have the marshall in sight now. P Gott, We got them insight. ALER, aT OK P Thankyou for your help. P Er... Tower. ALBA. We've come to @ stop, | think we've hit somethin. [ATC ALER. You have cut across the grass and hit the drainage 3 Ex, Roger. We're stuck. Stand by. ALER. 102 LISTENING SCRIPT Unit 10 Pilot incapacitation 2 1.35 “This picture shows a pation being removed from an ambulance tobe put on board an ara for medical fight or the patent has been removed from an aera adie boing stetchered ita the ambulance. The pationt wrapped ina lage red tbe. | rink the scene i in China Tocause the wring on the ambulance looks ike Chinese re ae a numberof people attending othe stuation, four ore of them wearing white suis and heed ges ard tface breathing masks, There are other people watching (ino are dressed pa clathes, and wit looks ike 9 tee woarng a unform and gives. Everyone i wearing nase ke these used by the pubIC to prevent the spread Tr Bontanious diseases, for example, fu Inthe foreground the Fgh wig of turbo-prop acral, possibly a Saab ora Dash, and othe lat and to the rear ofthe picture, we an see the at portion ofa ear-mounted twin-engine jet Sierft, possibly an MEO. e 1.36 Sein ‘As we know, any impairment to physical and mental health isa threat to safety. Fortunately, pit incapacttation ig quite rare. One study showed that in 15 to 20 milion (general aviation fights, si cases of pilot incapacitation trere reported. However, n four of those cases, the pict died at the controls. Te lesson Is that anyone ean become incapacitated at any time, And quite often itis nan-fying fiends or fami that have to take over the aircraft. Therefore, it is essent that everyone on board knows what incapacitation is and how to deal with it Let's begin by looking atthe causes ofincapacitation, itean happen gradually or suddenly, ranging from mild to very severe. The most common causes of sudden incapacitation are gastrointestinal pranlems, such as ‘stomach cramps, nausea and vomiting. Pits must be tl with food and drink, particulary in remote areas or where there are poor facts. Two pilots fying together ‘should never eat the same food, and if possible, shouldn't ‘eat atthe same time. Heart problems and fainting are the main causes of serious incapactation. Complaints of tightening of the fet, which are often confused with indigestion, an fakness and palpation should be taken very ser ‘Sweating, repeated yawning or shortness of breath onovic all tigger suspicion. 6 2 137 P = pilot, © = contr Control, BF 824. I need some help. © BF 324. Kedranga Control, Roger. What can do for P The pilot's passed out and I'm on my own up here BF 924, Roger. Are you a licensed pilot? P PPL, 80 hours, Not this arraft. °© Roger. mm getting help now from someone who! familar vith your aircraft, Are you fying the aiorat P The autoplotis on. How many persons on board? PMybrother, who isthe pilot, and my uncle. Can you help me back to Kadranga? Well need an ambulance on the ground. © _Kadranga is auite busy now, 80 we're going to you ino Katgas airport which is close by, and lanes. ing, rm on my own I. How are you feel pret monoxide pois you get fresh air into the cabin? P Ive got a window open, outside vents. are pen. © Good. We're go now. Can you disengage the autopilot? Uh... how do Ido that? (OK.... by pushing the button on the control wheel Autopilot cisengaged. Good, You have control Nice and steady, turn right Progress test 2 2 1.38 bk ‘Ths san interesting picture of bilowing black smoke, Tinh ls almost hal the pcture. W's coming trom what Iooks ikea cepa of n fa obviously been sored in oor petrol and deliberately set aight. There is a tour spraying foam ont the re itsel $e fra engine ih the foreground squirting out te foam rte very force flames iouing from De ground and al Ground the aerft and vey hick, danse smokes ring dp. fs obviously not an ace acral because the sanos baiow he engines themselves and i's used asa model for fefighter practice. There isnot much ese in the picture, there ar 008 to the left and side thear sg witha Tow tr weather clouds around. But as | ‘Sty moe of he sky s soured by the big black cloud of smoke 2 1.39 a Thea 00s nto number three engine ed failure caused parts to-go into the number four engine. Flame and smoke could be seen coming trom both engines. Both f the engines wen Ned. The aircraft was out for cost of over $8 milion b As the airoraft broke through a cloudbank at 7,600 feet, it was struck by a lock of snow geese. The impact destroyed one engine, damaged several fer blades on another and extensively damaged the airframe, Repairs cost $6 milion 7) @ a gull during ¢ umber two engine and wiged the pilot, who declared an emergency end retumed to land without incident. The aircraft land Using single engine landing procedures. The care land all the fen blades were damaged. The engine had to be rebul dThealcraft struck over 400 blackbirds ust after ako-off Almost every part of the plane was hit. ‘Substantial damage was found on various parts of the areaft. The number ane engine had to be replaced end the runway was closed for an hour. Personnel were sent to disperse another large th on the airfield ¥ © Thecrew think thay hit a gull shorty after take-of. ‘The number three engine nad a vibration with oil ‘quantity fluctuation. o ol quantity dropped to zero the engine was shut down. Feathers were found in the engine after lan 1.40 P = pilot, C = controller Telida tower ay 897, Pa pad on E at the intersection with P. Un to proceed on € due aircraft in opposite direction. Webair 57, © Webair 537. Taxito Pp e Pp tand D2 via H and H 2. P Unable to make the right turn onto P. We h Postine Fokker 50 nose to nose with us on st one of us will need to push. Webair Sug © P urn onto G. tne 912, Hold position, You missed the right w ‘a tug out to you now. 4.41 lot, C = controller © _N658D. Cleared for take-off runway P Cleared for take-off runway 21, NOSSO. N659D. Stopping, © _N6590. Roger stop, State intentions. P _N653D. There's a talloragger about 1 Crossing lft to right, Request bac 1.42 P = pilot, C = controller PPourrais Tower. Transair 6926. We hit the la with our ltt wi damage. © Transair 6326. Roger. Request your P Company advise we disembark our passé here. Can you arrange a bus for us? Tr © Transair 6926, Are you able to taxi to 22 two, straight ahead, 200 m? LISTENING SCRIPT 1Listening Script P Transair 6926. Negative due precautionary engine shutdown, © Transair 6926. Roger. Wel send a bus out to you Unit 11 Ditchings 2 0 104 1.43 Well wee looking here at an aircraft vreck. | think it might ‘bein America. | say that because the letters and num on the side ofthe fuselage, NBBSHB, tellus that the aircrat is on the American register. I's dificult to say how many engines the aircraft had because only the tall andthe top half ofthe fuselage ere Visible; the rests submerged in water. i's ciffcuit to say What the water i,t could be an everglade ort could be a lake. It could possibly be a coastal area, It ooks to me ike it’s in the southern or central pat of Americ. ‘The sky looks quite cloudy, stormy possibly. Where the ‘sky meats the ground we can see evidence of palm trees land quite dense vegetation. So it could be in a fairly hot ‘moist part of Central America, somewhere lke Costa Rica or Nicaragua. The aircratt has clearly suffered quite a heavy blow, perhaps in landing, because it's actualy spit in the midale right through the nationality markings ~ the back ofthe aircraft has been completly broken 1.44 Good morning. Today we're going to tak about atching, It’s something that people can worry about but ine out ff ten pilots who attempt diching in tne ocean succeed, even when it involves coming down close tothe shore So ladies and gertlemen, it stl makes sense to carry at least basio flotation in every aircrat, nat just those which travel over water or coastal areas. you ever fnd yourself fica ina river or even a pond, a device ae simple as, ‘an tfatable ite vest will greatly improve your 0408 of yc surviving, For loiger distances a raft I essential. Having Search and Rescue near improves survival ocd, The best way to do ths isto fle and fy on an IFR tight plan, A radioed mayday call folowed by loss of radar Contact wil usually result in you geting the immediate attention of the SAR, The next best SAR insurance is radar trafic advisors while oparating VER, ‘So, how do you avoid going nto the water inthe frst place? Well, tne most obvious things to avoid are running ut of gas and making sure the gas you have isn't fouled with water or other debris, sacay At least a third ofall citchings are caused by fel 3a p exhaustion, mismanagement, or contamination; 9p ‘Mechanical falures are listed as the cause in nearly as ‘many ditchings as fuel exhaustion, about 26 percent. Fuel icing can also be a factor; apply caro heat immediately when you suspect icing, Time and time again, aircraft are taken out ofthe water with no apparent mechanical fauits, strongly suggesting that carb ice has caused a fuel blockage Buti you have the choice between landing on the water cor impacting trees, rocks, or other rough surfaces, say the water is more ikely to be survivable, LISTENING SCRIPT e 1.45 PNE ATC =a NF What's the ditching procedure? P Just runit rom the cheok-ist brief the passengers Nairobi Centr, this ls Oxair $71, Contrm the distance to Momibasea, We have fuel problems, ‘seems the lines may be blocked, [ATC Oxair 371. Ths is Nairobi centre. QOM Mombassa is. 200° with 30 miles to run, P We are not able. | think we are not able to reach the land .., We are 4,000 ft and we may ose both fengines ... We may have to aitch. Oxair 371 Oxair 371, We are declaring @ mayday and preparing to ditch. Gan you send us helicopters or something like that? ‘ATC Oxair 371, Nairobi contre. Mayday acknowledged. Malindi airport is closer in your two o'look, range 12 miles. Can you make it thera? P Unable. Unable to maintain altitude... There are two ships. m going to join them left side heading 180. Can you contact them please. Mayday. Oxai 371 [ATC Oxair 971, We have very limited coastal rescue facilities. One CASEVAC helicopter is at Malina and just airborne to your location, Say again your intentions? ... Oxair 371. Say again. | dic not copy. ‘Say again your level. Compete the citching oil. There is @ boat lft sie, fm going to go there, ... 1100 ft. preparing to ditch, Mayday 371 ATC Mayday 871. Roger. The haicopter is five miles away and has you in sight. Malindi right three o'clock at fight miles now. Wil you make Malindi? P- Unable, unable to reach the fad. We have two boats, onthe left side, big boats .. We'll ry to land near. Can you get a warning to tham? Mayday 371 ATC Mayday 871, Naifobi Centre. Wico, lot non-flying, P = pilot flying, traffic controller Set the cabin crew to Unit 12 Animals 2 1.46 Here we have a scene, quite possibly in Africa, where ight single-engine nigh-wing acrat hae landed 6 plain, The plain has fey tong grass, possiby a grass airstrip, but | cannot see the surface, | woud say the area's quite remote as there are no buldings or airport facitiesin the area. The aterat has the registration SY, and looks lik it could seat aroun eight passengers. the foreground, on the right side of te pctre, ont 50 m 80 from the arcrat, i a large mammal, an elephant, walking rom right fet Inthe stance thers ge of hls covered by serub and sparse vegetation. The spre Aerodrome itset is completely unsecured, whichis why ‘wid animals are abe to roam freely around te area. This Foe is clearly 2 hazard for fight safety.e 1.47 9 PI/2= pilot 1/2 Pa P2 Pt P2 Pt P2 Pr P2 Pt P2 Pt P2 Everything was normal during pre-ight, The ramp guys gave the frst officer the HAZMAT during the wakaround, and noted a 20-Ko package Of dry ice. During taxi, we had a delay waiting for the closeout, but we finally got the closegut and proceeded with departure for lakarta, about quarter of an nour late, (Oh yeah? Aiter an hour or s0, we got an ACARS message to contact cispateh. So we did and they said we had @ dog loaded with the dry ice, We needed to have the dog moves to ancther compartme! we diverted to you diverted? « ‘Yeah, we contacted Brisbane control, explained the situation and fold them we needed to land What about your weight? Exactly! We were about 32,600 pounds, so we declared an emergency, but made & normal approach and landing, moved the dog te another ‘compartment, and flew on to Jakarta, What a pain! Was the lve animal noted on the close Yean, it was. Maybe we were rushing bacause of the delay | don’t know, but no one mentioned any lve animals, either during the walkaround or pushback on, think we should have more informa lve animals, something other thing © = controller Tower, Cargastar Cargostar 822. Pass your message. There's wildlife running around in front of our aircraft over here, Cargostar $22, CCargostar $22. Do you want a truck out there? ‘Somaone ought to come and check it out. They're heading over towards tne grass on the right-hand side, Cargostar 822, Cargostar 322, Say postion Inbound on taxiway just before the jon with G. Cargostar $22. at ist, do you know? 9 CCargostar 322. Wr ‘Toy look like rodents, maybe rats, but they might be something ese. Cergostar 222 Tokyo rats. Mca stereo. of any newbs yee AGroosta Un 1.49 P = pilot, C= controller © Woridair Tower, This is Worldai 725, Negative take-off ola turtle on the runway hare in front of us © Worldair 725. Roger. Hold position. Cancel take-off clearance. We'll send someone out there to gett of, otherwise youll be waiting all day Cleared immediate take-off eunway P Wioridair 725, Holding. Thank you. 1.50 P1/2 = pilot 1/2, C= controller © Siverwing 288. Vacate right at F, Cont ct ground on Pr c s 46, Cleared to lan 15 kn 950. Siveruing 38: runway 93L. P2 Cleared to and runway 231. There's an abject on the Topewiss 4 around, © Topswiss 46, Roger go around, PA Tower, Siverwing 383. There is a dead o runway, about 3,000 ft down, right of een © Roger. we me and it 13 Wind and turbulence 2.01 Well we've gota picture here of an Albus operated by Swiss doing avery unconventional landing, We can ony“ speculate why that happened, could be the result Gf wake turbulence ort could have been an unstable approach. But basicaly he or she's lancing wih he rght wing vor, vor low so thatthe whole of ha alcaft ha landed on the right main wheel. As we look atthe pictre ‘we don't know what the end rest willbe. All we isthe runway. There's smoke coming from the right-hand main whee), which has touched the grouna, but wheels sil inthe ar ‘Apart from the aircrat we can see the runway ands taxinays and a large area of grass behind it.The could abandon the landing, apply power and ex missed af ve dont know what ha Perhaps the pot was able to land. Either way i (00k lke a safe or a good landing, 2.02 OK, ets fst think about when a controller should use visual separation. ATC need to consider the folowing points before separating departing aircraft by visual means. Aircraft performance, wake turbulence, clasu Fate, routes of fight and known weather conditions. It feésive departure routes or aireratt performance the pilot from maintaining adequate separ ion of airrat. -acoventt then don't apply visual separat LISTENING SCRIPT 1056 106 Now we nged to consider @ numberof other factors —t rust be day, the attrac convoler must have both Scratin sight and must bein rac contact with at Teast one of them, Tha fight crow ofthe iraling craft ‘must have the lead aeraft insight and be informed of the lead avcraft's postion, ts crection of fight and is crew's intentions. The pos of the taling aicraft must {cknowiedge sighting the ead arrat an they il then be instructe to maintain visual separation i’ important fr tho plots of the traling aircraft to remember thatthe tower controle wl at provide visual Separation between aircraft whon wake turbulence ‘Separation is required. In contoled arspace wth ATO radar coverage, the controler must inform he pot ot Converging arcratt and VFR traffic. In crise, when IFR @ land VFR aicratt are sometimes separated by as ite as 00, plots must use appropriate avoidance procedures. Co course, the problem wih wake turbulence is that itis neatly aways visible, eo plots need 1 anticipate where it might be. Remember, the woather i going to afaet wake {urbulence Fit tl, then there is more chance of wake turbulence occurring Finaly, remember your rola. As aistratic contrllers you Yo lesue “Caulon ~ wake turoulence’ wamings ony You are not responsible fr anticipating the existance or effect of the condition 3" eos 2.03 P = pilot, ATC = air-tratfic controller P We've got some heavy rain and thunderstorms, Gan we go north? GH1559, 2 [ATG GH1559, you can either go north or tur ett and try and get south of it, My radar doesn't see as far as yours. P_ _d.ke to go north, the weather appears to be ‘moving south so that's a pretty much better option Fight now. GHI588, ATC. GHI559. Roger, what heading do you want? P15 oF 320° should be sufficient to clear it Ghisse, [ATC GHI659, Turn right heading 320°, Al ratic runway 25 departure windshoar alo. Runway 28 departura Iicroburst activity one mile north of centreline, 20 kn loss, range five miles All rafe, SIGMET exteome weather waring, Severe precpitabon, northwest ofthe fald moving ‘eastbound extending approximately five miles, GHI559, We have a thunderstorm right over the airport right now. I can take you somewhere to hold Or give you delaying vectors while you wait tout. We havea windshear alert and microburst reports for runway 26. o P Why dont you just give us vectors around it? Hiss, [AT GHI559, Roger, expect descent in a couple of miles and maintain your eurrent heading. Ths wil 'be vectors to the ILS for runway 28, There really isn't much once you go through the current area, Depending on what the wind does we may be ‘able to bring you in on runway 19. LISTENING SCRIPT Roger. Keep us informed and let us know what Works for you, we are maintaining 320°. GHi ATC GH1859, expect some delay, vectors fo ‘now, turn further right heading 350°. The thunderstorm should clear in the next ten minutes ‘0Fs0 and we can bring you in behind It. Can you reduce speed to 200 kr Roger, We'll slow down to 200 indiceted, heading 350" and standing by for descent. GHI659, Unit 14 Icing 2 picture from the rear of what looks lke a Jet Blue Airbus. I's on the ground being prepared for departure during winter operations in a snowy mountainous area There's snow on the ground which looks as though it has been cleared from the taxiway. Clearly, while the arora was on the ground, meteorological conditions weren't ideal. It was possibly snowing, and because the wings a airrame ware cold, this attracted the precipitation which has frozen, The wings are being sprayed with de-icing fd in order to remove any ice deposits on the surfaces, partioulary on the lit surfaces. The wings are being sprayed by a truck with special oot-mounted spray equipment. The wings willbe costed with an anti-icing Coating once the los has malted. | quess the aircraft is at the designated de-icing facilty atthe airport. 2.05 The most severe icing encounter I've ever experi happened once when | was doing mountain fying in ‘a Dash 8-200 model, It was -B" This is the magic temperature, We started picking up super cooled large droplets at FL220, Within that first minute we had ‘accumulated &0 much ice we had lost 15 kn. | could ‘880 out my left window atthe boots and propeller. rience, if you lose your windshield inthe dash, ne ice Is geting behind the de-ice equipment. | had the iea systems set at maximum and I lost my ‘windshield completely, The airframe was vibrating and shaking violently an | knew we couldn't cmb out of it In time. We requested lower and when ATC cleared us | {dropped the props to 1,200 rpm, switched off the a ‘and dove down at 4,000 ft per minute it We finally broke out of IMC at 11,000 and ATC wanted us to.contact the arport in sight, but | told them we needed to fy for abit and gat lower ta met all the ice | couldn't 88 out my window to land, So, before we move on, have any of you had an icing 2.06 P1/2 = pilot 1/2, C = controller P1 Mayday, Mayday, Mayday. Varburg approach. Dornier 260. Alttude 8,000. Descending. © Mayday 280. Say again. Pi Mayday, Mayday, Mayday. 7,200. Descending aircraft Dornier 260.ao Pr P2 Pt © 28D. Roger Mayday. We have emergency services standing by in the area. Varburg airport is about five miles north-east of you 6,500. I'm just geting some contro! now. I'm Inceating 80 kn. Im tying ta maintain airspeed, Mayday 28. 28D. | show your ground sf your pitot tube is frozen up’ T'min the clouds, attude 6,000, Heading 040°. | have control again now, but had ta dive because we lost all airspeed with no warning, 28D. 28D. Roger, 28D. Radar shows more showers to the north-east of you. I don’t know what the temperature is, but you might pick up some more icing United 883, Overhead Tall, Passing altitude 5,000 ft in the descent, Temperature -2. 7,000. We do have some snow in the United 83, Did you pick up any icing on the escent? Alfer. United 883, United 889, Roger. Descend and maintain alttude 4,000 t. Cleared ILS approach runway 04. Thanks for the report, Cleared ILS approach runway 04, United 888. Mayday 28D. There isa report ot icing the east of yau at 5,000, State intent 1d 8 160 kn. Maybe ndtons to I'd ke to proceed to Varburg. Ive got the boots an heat on, and. it seems to be OK. 260, Mayday 28D. Readability 2. You might have ica on Unit 15 Storms 2 2.07 We have a large commercial aircraft, a 747, in what appears to be the landing phase of fight on a pretty miserable, dark evening. The main gear appears to be partially extended, and it ‘Spoaking about the meteorological is landing lights on, ndtions, we have convective storms producing fork lightning, dense Clouds, which the pilot would have to a possibly updrafis and squalls to avoid, and “The rudder, the yaw directional contal, would nee controlled automaticaly or perhaps v old: and there are 0 be y carefully manually ‘Operated, to keep the aircraft in ine with the runway prior tallanding, Visiblty may also be poor, 80 all the condions lok gute gbalongin or te tight een. The airprat is approaching from nt to left over a body of water, pechaps a river, and there are hile on either side of the water. In the & istance is what looks Ike a large city witha lat of high ise buildings, possibiy in North America, 2.08 What’ It ike to fy through a storm? ‘Actually fying into a storm is pretty pasty for the ° e 2° passengers and can be pretty scaty for us. Flying i stormy conditions is always a challenge, but when you get active storm clouds at high aitudes, wher ‘here's uplift and moisture ip the clouds, it's really tough. i you can't ty through them, do you fy araund them? Yeah, wherever possible. Fying through storms does happen, but | think most plots would agree that i 's pretty unusual to take an aircraft straight into a storm cal \What do you do when you're faced with storms? Hf there i line of storm clouds to fy through, you usually go for a.gap in the line. We have a Fadar on board whi ‘can s9e storm activity up ahead and plan fori \When visibly is poor, or you are fying at night, the radar is especially important. The problam the radar only senses water droplets, ft can’t turoulence, so even if you fy around a storm, i coul stil be @ bumpy ride We know bad aitinas, Ave stor rather causes a ot of delays for particularly disruptive? Yeah, weather is usually in the top three reasons 3 delay. | once had to circumnavigate a large area of showars over the westarn Pacific which wa almost 300 nm out of the way. Definitely he longest e 2.24 pilot, ATC = air-traffic controller ATG Fairair 954, this ls Seaforth Control we have had 8 report of three suspicious passengers aboard your ‘aircraft who all boarded inthe last minute and al have passport numbers in sequence. All ara mal. P- Floger. Do you have seat numbers 354? [ATC They are sitting together in row H seats 2, 9 and 4 P Seaforth Control, We have a problem. There are three armed passengers standing inthe asl. (One is carrying what he says is a bomb and they are demanding | open the cockpit door. Otherwise they will Blow up the aircraft, Fara 354, [ATC Roger 364. What are your intentions? P have briefed the pursacand the security marshals. that | intend to put the aircraft into negative 'g This wil not be expected and it wil cause the standing passengers to fall down. When this, happens the purser and security marshalls are in @ position to overpower them. Fairair 354 [ATC Seaforth Control. Roger. Keep us informed, P wilco 354 P Seaforth Conta, tha manoeuvre was successful ‘The three passengers are restrained and the package s not a Domo, Hequest immadiata ‘version to Pemroke fora radar vectored straightin ‘approach for an ILS approach runway 34, Fairair 354. Unit 19 Take-off incidents 2 2.25 Hore we have a picture of an Airbus A340 taken from the right side ofthe aircraft. | don’t know i t's landing, or taking of. | can see that itis just aitboxne but the main ‘gear wheels are just a couple of fest above the ground. It ‘could be an earry rotation or an over-rotation and it looks, opeup rey bojoct 2 2 like its about to scrape its tall on the runway. The tll is very close to the runway surface, Perhaps they are teng the aircraft, because it's notin an airline colour, it has manufacturer's markings. It could also be a test because the attitude is very strange; t's avery high nose-up attitude, I's hard to tel, But it doesn't seem that there are any aps, 80 maybe they are doing a fapless take-off, wich might explain why i's not getting airborne 2.26 punereunnyio ‘The crew did a thorough pre-fight briefing fora reduced: power take-off on runway 16, and the frst officer was to oe the handing pilot for the departure. During the take-off rol, the captain called for the frst officer to rotate, but the Arcratt was slow to respond with a nose-up pitch. The captain called again to rotate, and the fst officer applied {greater nose up command. The nose ofthe aircraft then raised, and the tail made contact withthe runway surface, “The captain then selected TOGA, or maximum take- off thrust, the engines responded immediately, and the aicratt ited off shorty afterwards. An inspection ofthe runway and the overrun areas, identifed multiple contact marks. The tall ofthe aircraft ‘mace contact with the eunway at three locations. After leaving the stopway, two scrape marks were identi in the grassed area. During take-off the aircraft also made contact with ground infrastructure. I clpped a runway 34 high-intensity centeriine strobe light, and the let main landing gear inpoard-rear tyre it the runway 16 localzer antenna, the impact of which sisabied the locaizer function. c@agaerrer Signifcant damage tothe aircraft included abrasion 10 32 rear lower fuselage and damage to the rear pressure gad, The abrasion actually wore through the ful hicknass ofthe skin. The inspection panel for the waste yater grain point came off, and that panel was later found “fear the end ofthe runway, pilot 1/2/9/4, © = controller © Westalr 686 line up. After the landing OC8. P1__Line up after the langing DO9, Westair 86, 2. Tower, Skybird 451. There's quite a bit of fue! on the right side of my taxiway. © Skybird 451, Roger. Well send some to clear that up. 3 Azure 525. We could see a leak coming out the top ‘ofthe right wing of the Westar. P4 Easy 775, Itlaoked as it was taling a white vapour fon the starboard side © Westair 886. Do you copy this? PA Yes, we're looking at it right now. Westair B86. 2.28 P1/2= pilot 1/2, C = controller © Fightstar 433. Cleared for take-off runway 94 surface wind 320° 10 kn LISTENING SCRIPT ‘11PA Cleared for take-off ru fay 34, Fightstar 433, 2 231 Stopping. Fightstar 433, We were en route from Brussels to Vit © Fightstar 433. Roger, do you have a problem? angiwor hed Just broughtan P1_ Fightstar 433, Affirm, there's debris over the runway. radar heading, and | placed my | We are unable to take off, the bottom of the instrument pane! to turn the heading bug on the CDI. As ‘caught the cottee and knocked ih spread across the GPS, running 6 the screen started blinking. An ee © Fightstar 433, What can you see? PA Itla0ks lke construction material, ke stones, all ‘over the runway here, Fightstar 433, © Roger. Hold position then the soreen went blank, fewer “Taurus 823, Go around. | say again, go around. blank again Acknowledge. switched the GPS off befor its 2. Going around. Taurus 823. popping circutt breakers. Pars inquired v fn the heading, and I tumed the heacs o-plot, pulled out the high alttude cre VOR and reporting points were in print. fontroller were almost impossiole to find, The char necessarily aligned to magnetic nor, m P Goose 506. Cancel request to depart runway 26R. sa seork cic wAnoh esti a © Goose 506, Roger. where you were, P We'd lke to return to the gate please. Goose 506, 2434, direct Belen, Paris eald. | turned © Goose 506. Right tum on taxiway B and hold {guessing which way it must be. t was m short of C8 please. miles away, and not even on the same ch Right on B and hold short of C8, Goose 508. hae et nicer (ite ae Paris asked us for confirmation direct Belen?" We asked for a hea Tight ten degrees and after ten minut 7 © Goose 606. Can you contact your company and hes fing out Ifyou can go back to gate 487 They've = patenaicat saeco ouweens! Sadan a ooh hea a F--OMb ad eoston of nici oor Goode Foren near eck . om ne © Goose 606, Roger. 2 2.32 ne ote. la since > as Sop Sr a L calm. The ship in the picture is very much maritime- ‘ATC Are you declaring a fuel emergency a tt might be one of the helicopter support vessels ofthe eteaywl@™Aro Starve 160 roger. turn further righ ei navy. It iy auite modern and is being attended’fo by @ 220, maintain altitude 3,000 ft. pv ‘The aircraft flying ‘enough to see the airport? ps Sacer see ase tox oe goat a hundred feet above the sea, and is ina left-hand turn. | She malchen O g oa Would imagine this is @ display fy past. The whole picture P__Descend altitude twenty seven hune 3 no bow wave, H seems tobe at anchor. The wind is sight Svepb {urther descent to aude 2,000 ft ' ey jecause thera isa flag on the front that has got a slight P Roger current heading ind em P 2,000 ft on 29.94 and left to 240° 1€ 2 LAY: Tene » op ‘appear to have a problem with my 112 LIST 110 LIS STENING SCRIPT9 2 [ATG 16D. Roger. Your present heading is good. This willbe a no-gyro Surveillance approach to Humber ald. wil tel ou to start and stop all tums, con you can maintain 2,000 ft alttude? P Affirm and thank you sir, 160, 3D turn right now. Turning right Continue right turn, loo, 160. 160, stop tum now. P Roger. 16D, the airport willbe, uh, twolve © 45 miles, P_Anoad in 4.5 miles, 'm looking, 160, 6D, descend now and maintain 1,400 P.Descend 1,400, 160. 16D aff and Humbar Tower advises clea leared land 271, 16D. Distance to the airport? 16D you are four miles from the airpo’ say again, turn right P Un, ok, turing ight... ah. we are just visual now at 1,400 ft... er, stand by .. yes, runway in sight for 16D. We're heading straight forthe threshol. 160 roger, continue visually, you ae cleared to land runway 27L. Contact Humber Tower now 20.5 unless you just want to stay on this frequency. P _Nogative wil contact tower on 120.5. Thanks for your help, Starve 18D. tur right, are Progress test 4 @ 2.33 This image is of an F61 helicopter, a rescue helicopter I's hovering at about 30 m above the sea. It has an RAF roundel on it with “fegcue’, writen on the front and the sid@ of the aircraft. t's quite heavy because the blades are curved upwards, There's very ite wind. In the background is a headland with what looks like a radar station, a white low building. But i's aut of focus an cificut to know what ts. The clifs of the headland go down to the sea. On the left sie ofthe background you can $68 & few isolated rocks and the waves are no more than two or three feet. I's nice gentie day, clouclass sky, probably quite hot whichis why the aircraft might be struggling abit. There's no other activity at al, There's no ‘operator of the hook vieble and no obvious aétvty going con in the areraftat all, The aircraft isa fully equipped SSAR with a radar dome on the top, I's probably d 2.34 interviewer, P = passenger ibe the moment you realized something had frst gone wrong? Pp All ofa sudden there was an explosive bang Sound and the arcaft lurched very suddenly to the left. I cropped alte bit and there was dust and a strong wind coming in. t depressurized significantly ‘and our ears relly hurt tall happened very quickly People were crying and shouting, it was a very stressful stuation hat were you thinking at the time? | was thinking that @ window had popped out or a ‘cargo door had biown and then the oxygen masks dropped down, You sound very calm. Did you think this It's strange the things that go through your head. You're 30,000ft inthe air and there's nothing between you and the ground. You just hope everything is going to be OK. Were just realy grateful we got down safely, Absolutely. How much Information did you get trom the crew and how long was it before you were sa on the ground? he cabin crew immediately ran to their seats and strapped themselves in. Nobody really knew was going to happen. There was only one ‘announcement to put your seatbelt ‘and stay seated. It probably took about minutes unti the pilot got u alttude so that we didn't have to use the oxygen Gosh, What was the moment lke when you touc! the ground? Well. t was a rele. We all gave a round Afar seeing the gaping hole inthe ar off realized now lucky we were! is down to alow enough 2.35 Pe 1 Pp a ‘Stroman approach. D-GHVT. D-VT. Stremmen approach. Pass yo Cessna 172 from Dortfeld to Stremmen VFR 3,000 ft. Regional QNH 1012 estimatin boundary 62, Strammen 2002, With infor Jalet DVT. 1D-VT. Cleared trom the zone boundary to St VFR at 3,000 ft. QNH 1010. Traflc informa There is a north-westlaound CRU, 2.0 4,000 ft IFR estimating zone boundary 53 Maintain 3,000 ft, QNH 1010. Tra sight. DVT. VT. Traffic is passing over you now, right to siightly above. Negative contact, D-VT. D-VT. Ragar. Report aerodrome insight, 0, DVT. ‘Aerodrome in sight. D-VT. DVT. Contact Stremmen tower 122.285, ‘Stremmen tower 122,285, D-VT. ‘Stremmen tower D-GHVT. Good evening we are a Cessna 172. Eight miles east. Altitude 3,000 ft QNH (010. Request straight-in approach eunway 08. LISTENING SCRIPT 113Un 6 9 €2._0-VT. Cleared straight.n approach runway 08, Surface wind 040°, 5 kn, QFE 1006, Report final Poo raightin approach runway 0B. QFE 1006. Wilco, D-VT. €2 D.VT- Do you have your landing lights on? Affirm, D-VT. G2 _D-VT. Nagative contact. Say position P Five miles east of Sremman, estimating Strammen 2002, Height 2,000 ft Feld insight. D-VT. 2 D-VT. We can't see you. What are you fying over PI's gotting pretty dark but. were over a main road, with a bull-up area at my 10 o'clock. O-VT 62 D-VT. We believe you are approaching Draburg airfield, Contact Stremmen radar on 128,850 for assistance. P__Stremmen redar on 128.860, Sorry about that, D-VT. it 21 Aircraft breadown- @ mechanical 2.36 ‘There's a four-engine et aircraft in avery clean and tidy nangar, There are maintenance engineers doing an Inspection of number three engine. The fan coulings are ‘open and there's somebody inthe Intake inspecting the fan blades using a very bright ight. It could be a new tengine being installed, but there is no iting equipment 0 it looks more lke a regular maintenance inspection There's what looks like a computer screen on the table which looks as if t's connected to the engine, and this Indicates that they are doing some sort of lagnostc tats, The coloured lights are strange, maybe to detect particular problems, | don't know. It could be that they have fed fore Dptic cables ito the back end of the engine to inspect the turbine biages, 2.37 vars PA Hey Jim, take a seat 2 Holo guys PI Morning, 3 Everything OK? 2. Yeah, fine, Slow stat this morning, That APU i stil inoperative. 3 Haven't they fixed that yet’ P2 Pt P2 (0 Ty hx logs last week without autopilot n. have complained about it, but nothing cehangas. They get angry witn me for complaining! 3. That reminds me of DB. 2 Who's DB? PA We had this old 737 captain years ago, a guy wo called DB. He had thousands of hours and when they started introducing the new feet he gave up LISTENING SCRIPT fying and became a dispatch officer atthe company. ‘ne morning @ captain came to the briefing counter to pick up the release for his fight and he noticed that the autopilot was inoperative. When he started planing about it loudly in the office, DB looked atthe captain and said" few 12,000 hours without an autopilot during the war and you fen ty to Rome and back! 2 What did the captain say? 1 Nothing, He signed his dspatch release, and wi saying another word, ne quietly walked out of the orcs 3 Yeah, | remember that! | don't think that captain plained to DB again. 2 | once flaw with an ex al-foroe captain who refused 1 take the aircraft because there was no lemon for nis teal We had an airraft full of passengers who nad to wait whe the caterers found him a lemon, P1 Lemons? Are they on the MEL? 2.38 P = pilot, C = Control P-Chervitzna tower, lagine 48. On runway 26. Were going to have to hold position untl we've sorted this out © Flagine 46. Chervitzna tower. Roger. All Stations. Chervitena tower. Runway 26 out o service due disabled aircraft. Al tatic use runway 34 until further notice, Flagline 46. From the tower it datinitaly looks like both the covers that close up after the wheels Up. it looks as though they are hanging down dragging on the pavement P Roger, thank you. Fagline 48. © Fiagine 46. Could we organize for a tow for you? P Negative, We thinkif we can get the doors lifted up {and locked! then we wil taxi the aircraft, ut we c ‘move unti then. Flagine 46. © Flagline 48. Do you wan passengers? disembark your ative, We'd tke to wait and disembark the passengers at the gate, Flagiine 46, We need to get the main landing ger pinned. We have pins with us and we can throw them out of the window. Do you have anyone trained to ft them Oris there maintenance on the field that can do ke? Flagine 46, © Flagine 46. Wo'e chacking ita mechanic is on site for you. Stand by. Fagine for you few me P Thank you. Flaglino 48, ‘maintenance mechanic He should be with you inaUnit 22 Aircraft breadown — @ o e electrical 2.39 This is @ picture of an avionics engineer doing intricate work on a bank of avionie instruments inside an aircraft The internal hts ofthe arcraft are on, He's wearing a T-shirt and jeans. He's wearing a wat lft and and his head i ited back looking through his He's grimacing slighty as ithe's doing falcate with the Bank of instruments in front ome far His two hands are upwards and it's difcut to see but in his ett hand he's holding something and probably trying insert it into one ofthe banks of instruments. In front of him isa litle tray sticking out from the instruments on ike an MP3 player. But i's probably some Sort of electrical instrument recording something that he's 19 on the electronics iteelt. There's a tray ora tro ind him to his lett which | suspect may be a container for his tools Apart trom that it's a very ordinary picture ofan engineer working quietly by himself in an aicratt 2.40 Sot electrical problems that affect aircraft. Now often i's pilot error in responding to a problem that causes more ‘ifficuty than the problem itself and today we're going to look at some examples. These reports ara quite bref and {don’t havea fot of detall but we can get the general idea, | want us to focus on some of the common e joe's a report about a Cessna 182 which states, ‘leotrcal problem. Qverran runway returning. Alternator field wire loose. Stuck runway ign’. This happened {during daytime using VFR, Could the pilot have handled the situation better? We don’t know. But itis abit strange that with such good visibility the plot hit the runway light The next incier ‘more common. An air taxi ‘departed alternators off, this ended up withthe batteries being drained and he had to lower the gear manually, Unfortunately they weren't locked dawn, and the result was a folded landing re going to look at shows another his time a fale en route, In this case the plot was so busy trying to sort the alternator out tha he landed gear up, And in our last example while dascending trom altitude a pilot dd ‘along cruise descent with the engines at a very law power output’, He was unaware thatthe aircraft, had generators instead of altemators and that the engine speed on the descent was below the speed required to ® keep the battery charged lt’ have a look at these reports in a 2.41 P = pilot, ATC = air-traffic controller [ATC G-BGUA this is Deauville Approach. Do you have any electronics at all? ATC. G-UA. | think I se0 you on radar. Believed to tracking the coastine right ATC G-UA, Are you able to give me ATC G-UA. Are you able tog believe I'm tracking you. ATC. G-UA. Nothing heard. you want to go to Cherbourg airport they have ignts. Il watch to see if you turn that way ATC: | got you loud and clear now. Can you see Mon St Michal? Dinard is an alternate Ht you want to ontinue I'l try to get the lights turned on, ATC G-UA, are you on a handheld rac right now? your heading? radio check? ATC If we have to well ask another aircraft ights, They stay on for about 15 minutes. G-U, there is no known traffic to confit in the vicinity. Im going to pass you over to Rennes Approach on 124.9. Contact Rennes nov. [ATG F-CP, Can you see traffic out there? A Skyhawk ‘about 2,500 and descending to the south of yo ‘You may see him but he has an electrical ‘and may have ne anti-colision beacon non the arc Unit 23 Volcanoes 2.42 This is an amazing picture of an active volcano take’ from an aircraft, The volcano is conical in central crater. tis erupting and Of thick voloani ash rising from the eral several thousand feet into the sky, and the lat of the picture. There is also some steam or smoke coming from the rim ofthe crater. The upp voleano are brown with ash or lava depc are gulleys formed probably by previous eru lower slopes are covered with trees and i low lavel clouds around the base of the distance thare is more high ground, a ‘mountainous area. The sky is blue, an 'y the sun, and judging from the Iong shat say thatthe picture was taken in early m The situation is dangerous for fight a NOTAMS will have been issued fo fight ham ofthe situation 2.43 open this seminar by taking about some of the voleanic events that have affected aviat lost all four eng) In the eary eight {descended from 36,000 ft to fore engines were restart verted to Jakarta and la safely but all four powerplants had to be replat In 1989 a 747-400 with only 900 hours totaly el an ash cloud in Alaska. Although it la safely, the engines and many systems also ha: repaired or replace, such as replacement of the ei ‘environmental cor ‘leaning of the fuel tanks and repal of the hydraulic systems. a tine LISTENING SCRIPT 115% er aa tn tl: ean oS In 1993, more than 20 aircraft encountered volcanic ash in the Philippines, This was the largest eruption of the past 150 years and created an enormous plume of ash, making i very dffcut to predict where the ash was. Com’ ‘and miltary operations were affected; one US operator even grounded its airraft in Manila for several days due to thick ash fall ‘An eruption in Mexico affected operations in the region inthe late nineties. Although damage was minor in most 208, one fight crew experienced reduced visbilty for landing and nad to look through the fight deck side nen taxiing, Mexico Cty airport was closed 1024 Nours on several occasions asthe valoano continued to erupt 2.44 P1/2 = pilot 1/2, C = controller P1_ Asiana 687. Kraskut control, Do you have any e reports of voleanie ash en © Asiana 687, have no reports of voleanic ash at yo fight level 1 We have had a faint smell of volcanic ash for about tee or four minutes now. Asiana 687. © Asiana 687, Do you wish to change fight level? PA Nogative, Weld like fo keep FLI1,600 m, Asiana oar, © Asiana 687. Roger. P2__Kraskut contol, Astanaline 433, 110 km from SSIBUT, FL10,600 m, Negative volcanic ash in our © Astanaline 439, Thank you, And ... uhh .. Asiana 687. Say position where you experienced the volcanic ash. P1__ We detected small between 130 km from SIBUT to 70 km from SIBUT. FL11,600 m, Asiana 687. © Asiana 697. And can you describe the intensity? 1 Light yelowy brown haze, Visblity about 300 400m. Asiana 6 © Asiana 687. Do you have any idea which direction the cloud was moving? 1 Anh, direction of cloud movement was Undetermined. At the te, wind was 050°, about 28 mis, Asiana 687. © Asiana 687. And just to confirm, you are now out of the cloud layer? P1 We appear to be clear of the cloud layer at this time Asiana 687. © Asiana 687, Thank you for the information. e PI My pleasure, Asiana 68 it 24 Dangerous goods 3.01 ‘This is a sign showing dangerous items that a con board airraft. Passangers are nat alowed to take rohibted LISTENING SCRIPT these things on board, ether in noid luggage or in hand luggage. At the top It cays ‘prepare for check in’ and then below ‘ferbldéan anywhere on the airerat’, and then there are drawings of afferent items in red excos with a red line crossing trough them, The fist three items are bottles. The fst s a bottle of acd, the second isa bottle with a skull and crassbones ont and the word ‘poison bolow, and the third has a bal of ames which | guess incicates flammable or explosive liquids. The next three show reworks, matches and a bottie saying "bleach think. The final tee show a torch, or flashlight If you are ‘American, a canister saying ‘gas’ on It which looks tke it is a camping stove, and finaly, a fre extinguisher. I's the sort of sign that you saa on the counter when checking in your luggage, and when preparing to go through security at an airport anywhare in the world. They use symbols that ‘everyone can understand whatever language they speak 3.02 Dangerous goods are articles or substances which ‘can cause @ risk to health, safety or to property when ‘wansporta ome of the more common types of items include such things as pesticides, petol, acids, ‘aerosols and bleaches. Maybe it's OK to store these items in your home or transport them in your car on the way from the shop, because you know where they ‘and you know the possible dangers involved. At home, {you might take precautions such as putting them in a high ‘cupboard or a locked shed. You are careful to prevent meone swallowing or mishandling them. However, pu them into the unfamilar environment ofan aicrat fying high in the sky-~a place where they could be subject 10 severe atmospheric pressure and tamperature variations, a place where there could be major vibrations - and many items behave in an unpredictable manner For example, in & recent incident, while unloading baggage the handlers noticed smoke rising from @ suitcase, Investigation revealed that @ quantity of book matches had caught alight. There have boon several such Ineldents in recent years. Book matches can ignite when subject tothe vibrations subjected to suitcases stacked i an aircraft cargo compartment, It can even happen when ‘matches have been in pockets or briefcases, The most innocent seeming goads can cause probiams. Some dental supplies were being sent to Sydney. They included a glass container of 100m! of mercury. It broke ‘during transport and leaked into the hold ofthe aircraft Luckily it was discovered and cleaned up, Itithada’t it Could have weakened the skin ofthe aicraft with terrible consequence: 3.03 P = pilot, FA = fight attendant FA HL We've got fumes in the cabin P What's the source? FA We don't know whera I's coming from. I's past the, ‘ah, ext | guess it's from the cargo hold. We've got the H,0 extinguisher W's @ real bad amal. The foor is ing realy warm. OK, now how far back isthe floor getting warm?FA It's about midway through to About where the landing gear might se8 any smoke? It's just fam FA. Bad fumes. l’s starting to hurt my eyes P-_OK. 'mgoing to get off the phone. Call mei anything important changes FA... Captain it's me again, you've got a big problem back here, 80 I'm not sure if you . Im not sur The problem is | don't know where the heat i Coming from. I's coming up through the flo P Do you see any smoke? FA. There's smoke coming through th BOK, OK FA. The floor is getting very hot OK. We're number one to land. W nthe Ind soon. Prepare for an immed Unit 25 Collisions 2 oe 3.04 Hare there are two North West Aiines airrat, wi lke an Airbus and an MD8Q, The tw have collided, so it looks like the scene of an a an aireld, close to stand G12. It appears the MOBO has taxied into the Airbus, othe Airbus has been pushed back into the otner one, but there's no tug the know, The MD&O seems to be lodged under t It looks tke the taling edge of the right wing of the a of the two i sing i ofthe fuselage, above the cockpit area ofthe smaller one. The undersicle cf the Airous empennage appears to have made contact with the MD80 as Wel Fire service and attendants are present, and it looks lke they've got breathing equipment and suits on, and there are a number of people and ground stat standing around assessing the situation. | quess there are at look 20 | don’ ‘Airbus. ro passengers on board because the forward chutes on the far side of the Airbus have been deployed, ana there are step ladders next to the MOBO. Tha surtaca looks ka itis covared in foam, or it is sppery or ie. 'm no The photograph was taken at right or very early in the morning, The area is brightly food. 3.05 1/2/3 = controller 1/2/3 1 Did you hear what happened at Heathrow yesterday with the A340 and the 747" h, where the Sel Lan 2 eo taxied Into the BA? ‘Caused a few problems, but there wasn't too much damage, no ©3__| heard that a bunch of passengers refused to fy on the 340 today because the wing tip was missin Si Lankan airbus's right 62. Eh? | thought it wast leading edge that struck the winglet on the BA, the other way around. G1 That's right, The BAA was stationary and the Sri Lankan was pas ft 3. Couldn't the 240 fy easily without a winatio ° co ca 2 co 2 cs co 2 ot Yea, It was possible Yes itis, a far as kno of ts tips clipped the hang: they removed bath wi Hmm rm not 60s An A380 flew after one ar gate at Bangkok, bi tips and the aircraft fe wingtips on th No, they're not, but 'm pretty sure thet CDLs don't Cover taking off equipment damaged in accidents. | wonder who was out of postion yesterday’? apposed t srl, They've recently repaved the pint where it happened, ana the aicport documents say 'Wingtip clearance not assured, take n passing! Yeah, at Seattle tower once, a China Airines A340 was taxiing ito gate and as nteline, the right winglet struck an American MDE0's horiza n though parked And did ily afterwards Yup, itlet afew hours later, one winglet sho 3.06 1/2/83 = pilot 1/2/3, C = controller ec G-JG, Line up and wait run ight-hand side, There will opposite direction. You are number one departure Line up and wait on the righthand side runway 6-6 G-ME. Backtrack runway 08. Keep to the right-hand side, Traffic on runway. Backtracking and wilco. Tati G-ER, Tum left base, Report final. You're “Turning base. Witco. G-ER, G-ME, After the Cessna, vacate ri 9 apron 2 va taxiway B. Apron 1 via taxiway B after the 2 Piper just brushed o: Final ME, Hold pos! Holding. G-ME G-ER. Go around | say again go around snd re again on Going around. Are you OK? We're OK. The Piper ust clipped our wing. the acral permission to step out atthe damage. G-JG. G-UG. Approved Tower, G-JG, Request permission to tax apron, and the Piper is able to do the same re both able 1o mov 10 proble LISTENING SCRIPT 117PA Ali. G-uS, © G-ME. Vacate right and taxi to apron 2 vie taxiway B 2 Apron 2 via B. G-ME, © _GUG. Follow the Piper to apron 2 via taxiway B. When you've parkad, could you telephone ma and report any damage. P1 Follow the Pioer and wilco. G-uG. e Progress test 5 2 9 118 3.07 ‘This is an extraordinary pictur. When you fst look att it's di fcut to orientate yoursal. There aro two aircraft on {an apron with alot af people looking around. It iooks as if fan Air France airraft has had its tall siced off by another tircraftof which you can only see part ofthe wing. There is logo on the wing that looks Ike a Far East logo. You can only partly see the aircraft; you can see the engine and a it ofthe wing. Although you can see damage on the wing of the aircrat, I's only minor. But the damage to the Air France aircraft is major I's sliced the tll fin. and elevators completely off which are ying beside the fircraft on the ground. Around it are three or four people with mobiles which they'e using to take pictures. They fare wearing high vsibllty vests. Inthe very centre of the pioture there isa lady not wesring a vest, and tothe side ' couple of supervisors in white shirts. There is a rescue ‘Yehice stationary on the left-hand side ofthe foreground ofthe picture with a driver wearing a helmet. nthe background there are ive vans with a number of people ‘coming out It ooks as if they've got cameras as wel. The sky is clear 3.08 R = reporter, CW = Colonel Wang RA terrible earthquake has cutoff all land routes into Xiang provinoe. The only possible way to get supplies ito the area was by making an airdrop. ‘A special reconnaissance force was assembled and sent into the area most afected by the quake, Fifteen parachutists were dropped from a record breaking 4,000 m, To ada tothe difficulty they were forced to land without any help from ground Crew and there were nat any specific landmarks. (Once the parachutists had landed they provided information tothe a force about where to drop supplies. Fiva tons of aid materials Including food ‘and water ware delivered. The supplies were ‘dropped by an EU76 aircraft from 6,800 m. This is quite an unusual operation for this typeof arcratt. Normally the air drops take place at about {600 m above saa level. But even though the terrain \was 60 aiffcult and the weather conditions so poor, the air force were able fo complete their mission. ial Wang, the leader of the reconnaissance group, explained the aifiuties the reconnaissance {group had to deal wth, GW OF course it was a very dificult and dangerous LISTENING SCRIPT situation, But we had @ job to do. We had to make Sure that ll the food was dropped inthe right places and not scattered around the countryside. Because Wwe were in the middle of the mountains and the vsibity was 60 bad it was hard to find the goods. ‘But because of the deication and skil of my team we were able to locate and distribute the much needed supplies. 3.09 © Eastern 865, Approach. Eastern 865. Resovat! approach. Aintrans 323, The aicraft hind you appears tohave a comme failure. Vectors for separation Reduce speed 200 kn, Fly heading 220° Pt Speed 200 ke, Heading 220° Airtrans 828. 2 Resoval’ approach. EI-TFC. Request clearance to join F2 at DORAT maintaining FL150. © EL-TEC. Negative, Remain outside controlled airspace due aircraft in urgency situation, 2. Wilco ELTFC. © _ ARMYAIR 292. Can you increase speed 350 kn to 1038 F2 at DORAT, FLI50 time 19 or before? P3 At present mass max speed is 420. ARMYAIR 262. G _ARMYAIR 232. Roger, cancel clearance to cross F2 due to traffic with suspected radio faire. Remain outside controlled airspace. Exne clearance at time 2 P3__ Remain outside controlled alspace, ARMYAIF 292. © Eastern 865. Resovat approach. Eastorn 885, Resovat approach, Sunbird 228. Traffic information. Trafic is an Eastern [4320-200 with radio fale, 12 otlock 3 miles crossing right to left, below. 4 Tiafficin sight. Sunbird 228. Airtrans 323. Fly heading 340°. P1 Heading 340°. We have the Eastern insight at our 2 o'clock. Aiirans 323. © Airtrans 223. We tried to slow him down and put him behind you, but we cannot contact him. Continue right tun direct LESKO. 1 Continue right turn direct LESKO. Airtrans 923, © Eastern 625. Hold at LESKO FL110. Expect onward Clearance at time 27. PS Holding at LESKO F110. Eastern 628. 6 Resovat Centre, Eastern 865. We are deciaring fan emergenoy now. We've got serious problems with our electrics and radios. We're trying to ascertain the cause now. © Eastern 865, Resovat Centre, Roger understand you ‘are daclaring a MAYDAY. further Neen EEEUnit 26 Fuel problems 2 3.10 In ths picture we're looking at an aircraft being refueled I's at what looks to be quite a large airfield. i's iffoutt to say where exacty the aifald is although in the background we have @ wooded hilside and greyish day. So I would think we're probabl perhaps in spring or early summer The airratt is probably a Boeing and it's from underground fue tanks via a vehicle taking the fuel from the underground tanks and the ft is being pumped by a retueling attendant. | thnk the attendant is about to cor ‘disconnect the refueling pipe to the underwing of the alrrat. The ground handler is wearing hign-vsk he's got day-glow clothing on, The Usual colour oft the i ity clething, vite, the ts. think wth a nice wing tip atts probably a me ” aircraft produced by Airbus isthe amazing SEO. But rs on board the Premair A380s have hac to wait abit longer before being able to fy on them due to recurring problems withthe aircrafts’ fuel tank systems which have alfected a number of the fleet's A380 averatt ‘The problems began last week when two of the aitine's ABs were grounded at Boston airport after experien fuel-rlated problems, One is due to return to service at 40 pam. tonight and the other tomorrow. In a related incident, the adine’s flagship was delayes yesterday in Dallas, before eventually being cleared to fy a to Paris, However, on arrival at Charies de Gaulle airportit = © was again found to be leaking fue and ex wee! steering issue, and was declared unse In the latest development, 8 forced to declare another ofthe aircraft ‘unserviceable’ lastnight, ater scores of passengers had waited more than 12 hours for a fuel leak to be repaired. A spokeswoman for Prema sad it was natural to expect teething problems’ wih a new alraft and the aifine was working with Alrous to resolve the issues, She said their engineers are currently working on the ait hope to have them back in service very soon. She want on to say that they are working very closely with Airbus and remain committed tothe A380 as the corerstone oftheir new generation, and they apologize to their customers. Is. the A380 worth the wait? Contact us with your views. e % 3.12 P = pilot, ATC = air-tratfic controller ATC Fiytast 001, Filton P Fiyfast 001. Pass your message, ATC Fiyfast 100, Request your in want to do? Stand by. Fyfast 001, Fyfast 001. ations, What do yoy re talking to company at the moment and we're trying to decide whether to continue o come back. We'll ge you a callin a minute. Maybe for vectors to down wind, Flyfast 001 ‘We're going to return tothe airport and It looks like we're going o have to dump fuel. Stand by. But we're coming back. Fifast 001 (001, understand you'r going to come back a eed to dump fuel? atc Fuel dumping area is inthe Severn estuary. Suggest start dumping fuel fva miles north of Lundy isin give you vactors to Fiton on completion Fy heat Fast 001. Once you gat 20 DME from Fitton yo can start to dump fuel P To what ME? miles. wv the nature of your problem? PI's. ap problem, we can't retract 10%, 1, do you have an estimate on how long imping fue) for? P We're ust checking now. We we 70,000 kilos, i's going to take about Weil try to find af overweight Unit 27. Airfield activities 3.13 The dominant feature of this picture i playing fel standing In a formation word ‘no’ In capital letter. There are several ‘demonstrators in formation all facing the seem to be holding orange placard, but | ne placards say. There are also other sm: people dotted around the playing fed. Aro: ff the playing fel are trees, and left is @ residential area with semi-ceta what looks lke a fre station tower, and on the right are industrial buildings and w a tall white chimney with a back top. In the ‘88 an airfield and dozene of parked air hangar tothe right and gas storage tan 3.14 Protesters converged on Heathrow airport in today to say no’ to airport expansion. Pilots on depa from the northern runiiay reported seeing thousands oF protesters form a massive NO signin the village of Sip lust north ofthe airport, which will be destroyed i the planned thed runway is bul Pilots have invita environmental campaigners at Heathrow to participate in discussions about climate ange iseues, British Airine Plots’ Assocation chairman Captain Mervyn Granshaw said that talking about climate ‘change is better than ary direct action, LISTENING SCRIPT 119e @ This incident comes four months after environmental ctivists breached securlty at Heathrow and climbed on top ofan airratt. Four people were arrested after hanging ‘a banner reading ‘Cimate Emergency - No Third Runway from the vertical stabilizer of a British Airways Airbus A320, Two women and two men dressed in high visbilty jackets managed to get past aside secutty and across the ‘apron, They climbed up the aft passenger steps and ther conto the aicratt via a jetway. BAA, the airport operator, said operations at the airport ware not affected and ieseribed the protest as unlawful and irresponsible. imate change is @ hot poltical isue in the UK. A number of other airports have seen environmental protests over the past few months, including Stansted, Biggin Hil and East Midlands airport, where 24 protesters broke through secunty fencing anc occupied a taxiway for several ours ‘causing minor disruption e 3.15 P1/2= pilot 1/2, © © AirFrance 034 heavy. Line up and wait runway 19L 1 Lino up and wat runway 191. Air France 03: heavy. © Airwest 247, Vacate next left taxiway G. Hold short ‘of runway 19. P2 Next left and hold short of runway 19L. On landing we could see a balloon to the south-east of the ontroller 6 airfield. Looks ike a white, helium weather baicon about 200 ft, racking north-west bound. Aiwest 2a © Airwest 247. Rager. Thank you. Break break. Air France 034 heavy, Did you copy that 1 Affirm, Balloon in sight. Request permission to hold Lnti the balloon has passed. A France 034 heavy. © Air France 034 heavy, Hold position 3.16 P = pilot, C = controller 2 © _AV'52S. Caution, work in progress ahead north side of taxiway A. There's some building equipment on the taxiway. | think they're about to move I. Request hold this, position until clear to proceed. AV 623, © _AV'523, Roger. Hold position and advise when itis clear to proceed: e 120 P Towor, Biz A 887. We saw a lot of people at the western perimeter fence on departure from runway 271. Some appeared to be cimbing over onto the altel, © Biz Air 887. Thank you, We have s fon thar way now. ity personne! LISTENING SCRIPT Un 3.18 P1/2/3 = pilot 1/2/3, ¢ = controller 1 Tower. Solar 7459, Do you see something on the ‘approach, over the threshold of 2287 It looks i ‘a parachute. P2_Itlooks lke some guy on a paraglier. KLM 604, © Solar 7459, We'l get someone over there to have a Took ati Police 123, Tower. P3. Tower, Police 123, Pass your message © Police 123, We've got someone on what we think is ‘a paraglder above the threshold of 22R. Request you wad 3 Roger. Wileo. Police 123, it 28 Aerodrome/ airfield environment 3.19 hiss @ pioture or an image of an aircraft, right at the tend of anon tarmaced strip. In the mid-ground there s a series of chalets and houses and in the background are mountains. In the contre of the background the picture is, ‘dominated by one particular mountain wth snow on the top. The sky fs clear with fai-weathar cumulus scattered ‘around it. The vegetation is fay sparse, mostly rock an serub, with probably gorse and fr trees around the place, ‘And now we come onto the interesting part, which is the faireratt on the end of a strip. I's a twin-engine aircratt, the engines are going but i's dificult to know whether the aircraft has just come toa halt after landing or i's about to take off, Thare is a man on the letchand side dressed in shin and trousers watching, he's certainly not pat ofthe ‘re or & marshall. The aircrafts obviously not moving because there's no dlust being pushed up on the strip. As an aviator t's an interesting picture because | imagine the overshoot or the approach is only one direction down the valley. Soi Wind was wrong, it would be a very interesting approach fr overshact with ttle choice bet 3.20 ‘The capital of Honduras is a place called Tegucigalpa. The airport there is extremely interesting because of its cficult ‘approach and because ofits surprisingly short runway. i's ‘one of my alltime favourites, The runway is only 6,132 ft The ety sin a basin between several tall mountains and the airport was bul on a plateau south ofthe city ‘The approach into Tegucigalpa is amazing. Up until a few years ago there used to be a smal ill same 200 ft rom the eunway; aircraft used to have to fy low, ascend the hil, and descend into Tegucigalpa. This was fattened during the early 1990s in order to make the approach less6 dangerous. The result is an approach which is much safer but equally as interesting. An aircraft landing on runway 0} ‘must eile inside the the asin below the mountaintops, love looking up at the wing and stil seeing trees and mountains while being banked the other way. After it ries the basin @ pilot has only 100, 200 ft tine up betore the runway. ‘As so0n as the aircraft crosses the fence separating the irport property and the highway, t must make conta The runway has a displaced threshold - it's impossibie to touch down at the beginning - leaving only 5,436 Useable landing runway. That short runway, coupled with @ 1.06° downhil slope on runway 01, allows for ile braking nothing beats the thrl of witnessing the skil of plots a they complete this incredible landing 3.21 lot, ATC = air-tratfic controller ATG. XT3. You were not cleared through the approach Corridor. Leave the approach corridor and remain to I didn't copy tha, say again XT. e XT3. You are too close tothe extended centreline of the approach. Remain north of runway 27, landing ratfc on four mile nal Looking for thet centrelin. X73, X73 request xT, ate We nead to check the routing af the convey. Request to cross the centraine to the south ATC X73, negative. Remain to the north of runway 2 Tratfc on short nal, report that trac insight P Remain north of the active, wilco. X73, Tratfc insight. XTS. XT3, cross behind that traf. Pp Ww stay on the wastern side of the airport. XT3, roger P Roger. lands? X73. do not need to cross behind because we wil onfrm that we can cross after the aircraft ATC XT3. Ati XT. Cross runway and clear to land on the H surface wind 260° 8 k, P Clear to land on the H. X73 ATG X73, Turn right and hover tanto the terminal, contact ground on 121.90, P Wilco and contact ground 121.90 X73, Unit 29 Airfield and navigation equipment failure 3.22 inthis picture | can see the result ofa fre in an ar-traffe cortrol tower. The fre has been extingusned, and there ae no fames or smoke, However, thre isa blackene area and fre damage around te lft ofthe tow and the fe seams to have alectd fou atthe windows, ut the rot seems tobe fire. | dou whether an arrat has hit, because theres R Could have been the rest of terrorist pemaps an expos pee has Deen an exteral re, | suppose the fact ha been evacuated an the airport must be closed E no debris action n, But it detintely looks as if it wouldn't be possible to provide air-trattic contro services in thi situation, There are around five fre-fg personnel on the roof below the observation deck wear high-visibity clothing and helmet 3.23 pilot, 1 1 Mohammed, could you tell us what happened of approach? P _Yean, the planned approach took us DME are to join finals fr runway 08. I ‘moonlass night and the controle scattared clous, fas reporting 1 Soallwas well? P Yes, as fine. Gidesiope capture happened almost immediately after the approach ‘came round the are, every mode was selected and everything became rushed. The airralt began to accelerate as it pitched down and was alot faster than it should be. But there were no fags, no warnings, 80 we concentrates on managing the speed. 1 But something was stil bugging you P Exactly, Alter we completed the landing check’ Teegan to think again, Why were we 9 Why were we using the speed breke a 1 Right We were looking for something to « ILS indications, We cou {a8 expected, and thought that maybe this to the reported cloud. Then the frst out tothe side and was surprised to see the bg from a vilage were so close, dn't see the airfield clea 1 That was the second surprise Yes. At the same time, Iwas doing @ crosscheck but the answer didn't agree with th LS indications, That was enough suprises for Wherever we were, we were where we were no ‘supposed to be, and we both called to go aro 1 OK, and what did you do then? P Once wa were at a sale altitude we aiscusse the problem and concluded thatthe glesto was fauity and could not be tr ‘second approach using the locaizer and ignoxing ne on gidepath indication, LISTENING SCRIPT 1216 6 @ ® 122 tening Script | And that's good crew resource management 3.24 © Allstations, al stations, radar has taled, | say gain, the radar has failed: all aicrat eturn to previousiy-assigned headings and levels. Aircraft are to adhere strictly to ATC instructions. 2 P We've overshot the runway here Interlink © Interlink 743. Roger. What assistance do you P We couldn't make out the end of the runway at al Interlink 743. © Interlink 743. The runway end indicator ights are P We did't copy that in the NOTAMS 6... uh ‘heed help getting back on tha tarmac. nterink 743, © Interlink 743. Roger. We're sending out a vehicle ‘now. Wil you require any support for your passengers? P Unn... Negative, Interlink 743, 3.26 P = pilot, C= control C © Net Ai 887. Hold position. 'm getting @ radar Inaication there's another aircraft on your runway. P Net Air 887. Holding [Net Air 867. We've stopped short of the intersection with runway 19. We have nagative visual contact with another aicrat on the runway, © Net Air 887, Radar indicates it is behind you now, but P Negative contact with any other alrratt. Net Air 887, (© Roger Net Air 887. You are clear to crass runway 19 ‘and vacate next 3.27 P 1/2 = pilot 1/2, C = controller 4 Pt Outer marker inbound Korean 3: © Korean 327. Roger. Pt This is Korean 227, We've just lost contact with the runway its, © Korean 327 P1__Wecan't see the runway lights at all beyond the touchdown zone. Your edge and cantarine lights fare out. We ate making a missed approach, Korean 27. LISTENING SCRIPT © Korean 327. Roger. 2. This le Swiftal 653 at holding position AB. To confirm what the Korean 327 said, you've completely lost the runway edge and centroine lighting. T runways pltoh black up here. © Swiftal 659, Roger, will get the engineers onto it right away Unit 30 Ground services 2 3.28 In this picture it looks ike there has been quite a nasty ‘accident. There isa large vehicle, maybe the. assenger-carrying vehicle that takes passengers from the terminal tothe aiorat, and it has turned over on its side ‘can gee the underside and the front end of the vehicle. I has three sets of wheel; one atthe front and two at the back. It!ooks tke the axl is bent atthe right-hand front hel, and the frant end is quite badly damaged. There is ‘big dent on the let side and it looks lke the w has smashed away completely. the foregroun: alot of debris over the ground, including some quite large (of bent and twisted metal Beh ‘on the right side ofthe picture, there is a set ofa which indicates that the accident occurred at an airfield {and an aircraft was involved in some way. | have no idea what could have caused this accident. Maya the vehicle was moving too fast and swerved to avoid something, but i looks more likely that there was a collision, it must have een quite serious because it would take a pretty b impact to tum a large vehicle lke this 3.29 N= newsreader, |= interviewer, TR = Tony Roberts NV When people think of a near-miss in aviation, t's Lsualy the possibilty of aircraft coliding. However the pilat of a Bombadier at Plymstock arport was startled to s¢6 a mechanical aigger heading directly towards his alrraft ust after ATC had crear him for take-of. The dager came within inches of hitting the aircraft and was seconds away from causing a disaster, (Our reporter at the scene spoke to Tony Roberts, the manager for the airport authority TR The incident was @ serious near-miss. ore TR Yes, wo have strict procedures in place. Al rac whether truck or aircraft, must contact ATC to get Clearance before crossing any taxiways or runways. ‘The driver of the vehicle should have stopped at the intersection of runway 221 and the taxiway anc then waited for clearance. 13 TR We are investigating tha causes right naw. Anew taxiway is being bult and the driver was part of the ‘construction team,e ™ 1 4 Progress test 6 {An alarm sounded in the control tower in that something was on the runway just after they'd cleared the aircrat. The controler saw the ciager and tried to contact the driver whe didn't have tho radio on. Moments later tne pict saw the ‘approaching truck ° He is currently helping the authorities with thei 3.30 pre are Pt arc Pt P2 ate P2 ate P2 ate Pt ate P2 Pt are P2 ate P2 ate P2 ate P ate lot1/2, ATC ir-tratfic controller 94 left via F and A. Wher Korean Ai OK. Left FY and then YP. you said? When y you get to folio Negat ‘A, follow Korean Air. United 914, Jt to, follow Korean A, 6 Ground. Korean 257. We think we hit a vehicle. A truck near the taxivay, 1m sorry, you think you hit a vehicle? (OK Korean 267, hold your postion. Holaing postion United 914 do you see anything near Korean Air? I'm looking. l don't see anything. Doss he think he's lust hit something? United 914, Aim, He sald that there might be a vehicle damaged or something, Check an the right side please. Ok. Were anybe Ground. United 914, I's realy hard to tell, there is a vehicle parked there. Maybe his outboard engine tI can tel rom here king at the right sid. | don't soe y who looks upset. Well take a closer look. Fioger, United. Thank you very much. Korean 257, a folow-me vehicle is on its way to you ‘They'll mak a visual inspection Roger. Thank you, Korein 267, Korean 257, Ground. Pass your message. 267. Yea, the airport vehicle is inspecting the right side of the aircraft, can you cut he engines? Say again. Korean 267 ut your engines down to ile They are already a down the engines? dle, do you want us to shut Affirm 257. Shut down your engines. eo 3.31 This isa picture of half aru away trom the foreground directly into some hil vary base runway which isin abit of disrepair athough he centraline markings look asi they've been newly painted, There's no taxiway and on elthe ‘grass and past the grass there are some low one:-storey Duldings, wit tin roots, Only one building is two storeys The buildings and airstrip are on a ft plane overlooked by mountains and his. You can see @ taxiway at the end nearest which tums into a sad looking dispe ‘The hils are the Gominant feature, they tower above tho runway. They are covered with green vagatation. I's an nteresting picture in that you have the magnificence of ature overlooking the rather sad endeavours of mankind. way. The runway leads 3.32 ‘@ [stopped at the ‘stop’ sign. I ooked in both rections and did't s6e any aircraft. | put my ‘lashing ights on. All the exterior lights lights and headlights - were on and the inte 0 off. To my right | noticed the nose ta! igh ofan aircraft and | carefully moved forward. stopped, looked both ways and then drove across the cargo ramp. heard the controler repeatedly toling the aircrat to hold, At least | assumed the message was forthe aircraft. The next thing, there was a Bright ight and | was thrown to the foor We pushed back and started the engine. Ramp control gave clearance to my frst officer to taxi land hold at B. We were on our way there when he suddenly shouted ‘bus’, From my seat on the left | saw the bus, but even though | braked as hard ‘as | could was unable to stop before we hit the bu Itjust kept coming. As fer as ere wore not any lights on the bus, | was siting onthe right hand side atthe back looking left. We stopped at the sign ang then n across the carga ramp. | could $2¢ th there was an aircraft getting closer and close’ repeatedly shouted at the driver to ‘look Jit do anything, 4 Once we'd pushed back we were given cl to taxi and hold short ofthe taxiway at FA was an inbound aircraft holding ramp waiting for us to exit, All ‘ware on. just fnisned tha cheok list when something dark on my side on the righ see any lights on the vehicle, | shouted ‘bus’ to captain, we crashed and | was hurt 3.33 1 MAYDA MAYDAY MAYDAY Spira tower. Rotary 42. Robinson 11. Three miles east ofthe Feld, height {200 ft. Heading 040°, My fuel gauge is read ‘empty, and the ausliary gauge is reacing ow. ‘Suspect rapic leak. LISTENING SCRIPT 123« vow e e Listening Script © Rotary 42. Spira tower, Roger MAYDAY. Say intentions. Unable to proceed tothe fd. Making a full p landing on playing feld east of Spra. Stand by Rotary 42 Roter Roger Rotary 42 Rotary wove Wie set down on the playing field and shut down, tanks are almost oy. have spoken with n and am awaiting instructions. Pl con | knew mare, Rotary 42, Yoohi radar. Starjt 872. Start 872. Pass Holding at MATSU FLA weather. Staret 872. Starjot 872. Visiilty stil below landing minima at Mina. Start 872. Approaching minimum uel, Request Immediate diversion to Nagazawa © Start 872. Cleared direct TOTA, Fi Nagazawa approach 129.350. Request update on ° e 35 Courier 254. Koduk Centro, B737-700 32 miles west ‘of Moliau, FL320, heading 240°, Request descent and landing at Keladang, © Courier 254. Roger. Descend FLI80. Do you have a problem with your fight? P Leaving FL320, descending FLIBO. Affirm, We have low fuel pressure for engine numer 2, and an indication of fuel imbalance. Courier 254 Review test 1 2e 124 3.36 This Isa picture of a crashed alrraft ving in the foreground, The aircraft nas obviously landed heauly. So heavily thatthe wings are bent downwards, the spar is ‘racked on one of them. The undercarriage is splayed either side ofthe aicrat, The propeller is bent ang the engine is coming out ofthe cowing. Ithas a striped fuselage. Nobody is init. I looks as if the windscreen has pean broken and there is relatively litle damage tothe ta plain or elevators. However the impact has obvious been | heavily down as opposed to along and the whole aircraft 's damaged, with two drooping wings. The setting is nondescript ~ a sparse wooded area ona fay fat plain. Ablue sky dotted with fair weather cumulus and some. strata as wel, Looks as if front may be coming in rom @ alstanoe, athough the visibility is extremely good. This is a a0 pioture ofan a probably never fy again LISTENING SCRIPT 3.37 PI Holo guys P2IP3 Heya P3 How's it PI Pretty exhaus lit this 2 What time did you sho PA Reported in at 5 am. Out of bed just after thn Flow five legs in total and had to wait in Munich three hours because ofthe snow. 3. Sounds lke my day P2__ Yep, Sounds lke a normal day in the office. ‘oming? up this 1 I'mlooking forward to the day when | get ajob for a long-haul atlina, | can cope with the et lag. just sivuggle with these long days P2_ Much easier for long-haul pilots. They get a break every eight hours atthe controls Regional fights ‘somehow don't get this protection 3. Short aul aifines seam to think we're machines who can just switch on and switch off 2. Thro are some regional pattems on the rost at my company that invoke a 12-and-a-hat ‘uty, with net even a 18-minuta break leave the fight deck fora ne bathroom. They even eat 3. Yes, and you can on! walk around at the controls P2__ Did you know that bus oi than plots at our compan P3 ncrodibie! shave more restrictions P1 | was taking to a Canadian plot a few years ago who said they can work 42 days straight without a day oft PS Now that's touch Pt Yeah, He was saying in Canada you can do 150 hours fying in ene manth and up to 60 fight hours n one week. | think these fignt and duty time standards favour the operator rather than safety. I's all about making money, P2__Look on the br though, I was reading that the European Aviation Satety Agency has started work on new pilot fatigue rules 1 | heard that 100, Let's hape they realy willbe base ‘on sciance rather than on commercial pressu | mean, there's loads of scientifc research on issue, but the regulations just don't consider it wh PS Yeah, | think the FAA In the States is going to reviow the rules ike they are doing in Europe. P2_ Did you hear about that fatigue rsk management system forum? That looks promising. Pi P2 ome airlines have got together 10 discuss best practice with human fatique management They've got soma pretty big names, Ar New Zealand, easydet, Dela, Virgin. They/re going to produce guidance for airlines to set up their 0 fatigue management systems.6 1 Ourcomgany would really benefit from a system ko © ABYC. Roger. Thank you nat ANbion 291, re you able to continue tax? 9 Yean, they could start by puting us up in a dacent 3" ig rcs Ben lon. We'd fern hotel A good night's slagp would be very rel Abion 231. 2 Youn: Lalwaye got woken up when the bar cose a © Albion 201. Roger. We'l send a vehicle to you now 2am. 45¥C. Cleared for take-off runway 25R, Wind 200 Pt Tha walls ave so thin| only aver get about four ho etn sleep when we stay here. Al our crew members get eee heen ea 4 Cleared for take-off runway 25R. I45YC. pa AnTaOED Waseca ip rE ni 1 Tnove tower, Zoom 464 Request tn othe © Zoom 464, Tun next right taxiway C anc Bestion. Do you have a problem? a PI We've a party of 16 Kids on board who've lost thet © Zoom 464, Tax to holding point runway 25R via B. passports. We need to get this sorted out, Zoom P1__ Taxi to holding point runway 25R via B, Zoom 464 tea © Tiger 206, Cloarod for tako-o runway 26R. Wind © Zoom 464, Roger. Hold postion. Trac is jst 200" 19k, arriving at stand 23, We'l need to find a parking P2 Cleared for tke-otf runway 257. Tiger 286, postin for yo © Albion 291, Vacate next right, taxito south PA Turn next right taxiway © and hold M, Give way to the ASA0 inbound on L Zoom 464. 2 Nox ght, ax to south apron via M. Wilco. Albion ies Review test 2 © 45YC. Line up and wait runway 25R. P4 Line up and walt runway 25R. I 3 * 2 3.39 2 Tiger 296. Stopping a) wets te This is @ picture tha gies the impression of heat and as 239; Hoo rmovernent. Inthe foreground there isa photographer Cleared 10 land runway 26L. Wind 200 Seardie Gi Biited, ch wich ic aeaeaten it ‘Sleeves and with what looks ike a small rucksack o Ps to land runway 251. 00:6. his back. He's standing next tothe ipod operating the ce ap inseon farettos camera amongst some sorub, which h - the sun, and he staking photograph or firing a 2. We had a ow oll pressure incication for engine Ree are aia wee eee Ree ‘number 1. Readings are now normal. Request ST I oe he nrc aa another dapartue. Tiger 236. treret: You can gee ta beet rami © Tiger 296. Roger. Vacate lft taxvay E, Tax to land you can hardy see the background at al bs tha holding point runway 25R via B. of he shimmer ofthe heat. The nose 2 Vacate lft taxiway E. Tax! tothe holding point ‘eel is maybe twenty feet inthe ai runway 25R via B. Thank you. Tiger 236, are probably ust about to lit. The angle bard faldeasmltnas ar eal the tallis close tothe rurway, but there is LASS cai imatena ee eee or debris, which you would expect if ther between theta an the ground in a tas Pa 1Asye. is quite close to the photograpner w © Albion 281. Hold position. told you to give way blasted bythe engines. | would runt ws 2 Holding. We ald across Lon bak ee. Albion from that, the backaround is sand, deser " 291 a clear cloudless sky. The ara isnot particu ss Oat NBieAanc die, Fda peak focus 60 it's iffcut to know which com eon © Albion 291. Roger. Viako 878, Hold position. Incistngushable markings onthe fuse PG Holding. We watched him skid right out infront of us, Vako 878. 2 3.40 c G. Vacate next right taxiway |. Hold shor rAciiss oe: aeeec vos tine taper ol 1 This mons fighweb podcast e100 braking action on the south tx Of tat hortago nett th me toda PS Noxt right all, Roger. 00-6. airatte controler and ata 4 Tinovec tower. |-45YC. There's a group of rodents Consultant. Rf, what's the curer running around on the fel over hor. its proty bad ight now. vo‘y Calo © 1-48¥0. Say again. say thatthe system nas been opera P4 A ow animal... can't 900 what species. out long tme without enough air-tratfic con here on the right side of runway 25R. I-45YC. nis situation will get worse as the industry es togrow, LISTENING SCRIPT 125126 oak ream | nares this problem particularly bad? F__ There are chronic shortages in many parts ofthe worl. In Australia, for example, statt shortfall has forced shutdown of services acro ‘many parts ofthe country, with many controllers working overtime to fil the gap. This has lead to Figher stress levels and controler fatigue which has ‘caused the relationship between the navigation service provider and the union to become quite tense over recent months. In Europe there 'san estimated shortage of 1,000 controler, in some European countries the alr trafic has ‘more than doublad inthe last five years, but the wmiber of controllers has remained the same. This shortfall is projected to rise to 3,000 in the coming 1 What about areas of the world that are developing quickly? R_Good question. Take India, w ofthe aviation infrastructure is causi problems. Deli airport, for example, currently has 200 controler in total. The aitpot recently inaugurated its third runway and the internationally 8 fr an airport with rapid expansion three runways is 1 Why are there not en RW, one ofthe problems is actually retaning stat. Ar Trac and Navigation Services in South Africa, in spit of offers of higher ‘wages and improvements In the working environment, 's strugging to keep thei controllers. A similar problem was faced by National Air Trattc IK, which was forced to completely rathink the way it managed its human resources ~ this nad a very positive effect on controller morale And what about recruitment? Theres a general view among controters that NSPS, due to ther diferent perceptions about staff numbers, are not doing enough to recrult ‘enough trainee controllers to sustain current ‘operations, or address the shortfall. However, many regions of the world are planning big recruitment drives. The problem with reeratment is that many thinking of entering the ATC profession ‘are being discouraged because of tough working conditions and the overtime. Another problem with training is that it takes @ long time, and has quite {high drop-out rate. For example, in some taining programmes, up to 60% of trainees fal to compete the course, and never actually become a qualified air traffe controler 1 Andi unde nat right? Yes, many areas are facing problems with an ageing controler population, Among the most troubled is the US, whare close to half its 15,000-strong ‘controlar workforce is eligible to retire within the next 10 years, 1 And what are industry going to do? tand retirement is also a problem. Is lutions to thie? What isthe LISTENING SCRIPT 3.41 s Pt ci P2 Ps c Ps e Pa Pt © Pt ce Pt Ps ce Ps P4 c Pe Ps 240° direct ROS -23GH. Tur lett headin ime FLIS0 Turn left heaging 240° direct ROSCA. Climbing FLI30. Estrela 625 heavy, Climo FL170. Pass SAAMI FLI40, or higher liming FLI7O Estrella 525 heavy. Previait 234. Good evening. DIAMA 28, FL140. PARAL Proviat 234, Good evening. De FLI00. Squawk 3312. Descend and maintain F100. Squawk 3912, Previir Rabbit 487, Clim FLI7O. Reach SAAMI FLI40 higher Climbing FL170. Reach SAAMI FL140 or higher Fab 487. Cuiba approach, D-23GH. Level at FL110. Request immediate descent. D-28GH, Say reason for descent We're picking up rime ice. We've got a nose down pitch due stuck elevator. D-23GH. 1D-29GH. Ragar. Descend FL70. FLTO, D-23GH DIAMA 31, FLIAO. PARAL 38 AB-TYC. [AG-TYC. Descend and maintain FL120. Squawk 1423, 1@ SAAMI FL140 or higher 196 and maintain wk 1423, Descend and maintain FLI2 AB-TYC. Cuiba approach, Rabbit 487. We're exp severe chop due vortex from the heavy. Rabi 487, Vectors for avoidance. Tum lett neading Turn left heading 240°, Rabbit 487, Culba control, Cityair 687. Good evening. Passing slttude 4,000 CCtyair 687. Good evening. Gimb and maintain FLTO, ‘Squawk 2254, CCtyair 687. Climbing FL70. Squawk 2254 MAYDAY MAYDAY MAYDAY, Culba control. AG-TYC. Cessna Citation, 9 miles DME north-oast PARAL FLI00. Two crew, two passengers. The captain is not wal at al, Suspected stroke, Request immediate diversion to Tecaran International [AB-TYC. Roger MAYDAY, Stand by. Previa 294, Aircraft behind you requires priory handling. Hold at PARAL FLI00. Expect onwerc clearance at time 39 Hold at PARAL FLI00. Pre AB-TYC, Continue direct PARAL, Cleared PARAL 1 alpha arval Tocaran eunway 34L. Descend and ‘maintain altitude 6,000 feet, GNH 1007. i | iPs PARAL. Cleared PARAL 1 alpha Descend and maintain altitude Tye. Continue 100 feet, QNH 1007. comer, FLI7 7. Contact Porto Centre 128.7 tact 128.750. Good bye. OMF287 D-23GH. 12 miles south-east SAAMI, FL70. What Is. trol ofthe alrratt, May we We've regained ful cor ‘maintain this level? D 02 Continue arect AC FRablot 487Tum right Right heading Rabbit 487, P3 P2 Po [AB-TYO, An ambulance wil meet you on the sou ‘apron fora rapid transfer to hospital, Descend flttude 3,000 ft. Contact Tecaran tower on 124.450, .cend altitude 3,000 ft. Contact 124.450. Thank you. AB-TYC. Provair 234. Cleared PARAL 1 alpha arrival runway end and maintain altitude 6,000 ft, ONH a 243, ‘and maintain altitude 6,000 ft, QNH 100 Estrella 25, Level at FLI7O. We fr Cuiba approach 368 of cabin pressure wich we believe Descend FL140, Estrella LISTENING SCRIPT oeCheck Your Aviation English =] ® OS