6.

The word "host"in line 17 is

Que,ti.", 1-9 l. According to the passage,

t
when did the United states closest in meaning lo
Calvin Coolidge was President of the United states during the triumprant experience a brief depression 7 (A) enterlainer
reign of prosperity that made the twenties "golden: and this prosperity had (A) In the late nineteenth (B) representative sample
real roots. Although there had been a brief but sharp postwar depression in century (C) business investment
Une 1920 and 1921, American industry made a quick recovery. Largely responsible (B) Befare the First World War (O) large number
5 far the industrial boom that followed was the introduction of new products i (C) Ouring the First World War
American life. For example, on the eve of the First World War, only half a million 7. It can be inferred from the
(O) In the early 1920's passage that the characters in
automobiles were being produced annually, bul during lhe twenlies prod i
the novel This Side of Poradise
reached nearly five million units per year. Furthermore, the new auto industry 2. The word "boom" in line 5 is
created demands on older industries for products such as rubber, copper, glass, closest in meaning to are
/0 sleel, and fabrics. It called fOI the building of paved roads aeross the nation (A) noise (A) wealthy people
and brought about the tremendous expansion of the oil and gasoline refining (B) strike (B) industrious farmers
industries, along with the construction of lhousands of gasollne stations, which (C) expansion (C) peative writers
broke out IIke a rash of measles over the countryside. 8asic induslries expanded (O) market (O) average citizens
as well - coal, steel, machine tools, clothing, and, most dramatically of all, the 8. What can be inferred from the
/5 electric power industry. 3. The phrase "called for" in IIne 10
passage about farms in the

To
For the first lime, average citizens were buying cars, radios (another new is closest in meaning lO
(A) named United Sta tes in the 1920'S7
booming industry), refrigerators, and a hoS! of other new consumer products. (A) They experienced very
The poor seemed to be getling richer, and certainly the rich were getting richer. (B) required
(C) described rapid economic growth.
For the well-lO-do, the businesj civilization of the twenties seemed to promise (8) They attracted workers
20 thal could be expected "this side of paradise;' as F. scott ritzgerald titled one (O) considered
from urban industrial
most popular novels. BUl paradise in lhe twenlies had lwO sides. On the far side
4. According to the passage, centers.
of paradise during the golden decade lived lhe majority of American farmers.

a
the growth in automobile (C) They benefited from a
production caused an inerease reduction in lhe price of
in lhe demand for gasoil ne.
(A) rubber (O) They were less prosperous
(B) mass produced dothing than other businesses.
(C) electric power
(O) radios 9. Thc paragraph following the
passage most IIkely discusses
S. According to the passage, all (A) the life of F. Scott Fitzgerald
of lhe following were relalively (8) the cost of consumer
new in lhe 1920's EXCEPT goods
(A) steel (e) the economic condition of
(B) radios farms
(C) automobiles (O) popular novels of lhe
(D) refrigeralors 1920's

76 77
 Questions 10·19 10. What does the passage mainly
discuss)
The piano has always had a special plaee in musie in the United Stat&'.
(A) The parts 01 a piano
Because one can play on it several notes at once, it can be used in substitution (B) Kinds 01 pianos
fo r a band. This quality has attracted composers; there has been far more music (C) Composers of piano music
14. Which ofthe following can
be inlerred from the passage
about rh e piano industry
between 1861 and 1914)
(A) Fewer pianos were built.

E
[me written for piano, or the keyboards in general, than for any other instrument. (B) Many people wanted
(D) popularity 01 the piano
5 because a piano can, in effect, accompany itsell, for a century it has been the
t to learn how to play the
basic instrument for the playing of popular musie. 11 . The word"place"in line 1 is piano.
This was especially so during the decades around the turn of the century. closest in meaning to (C) Other forms of keyboard
In the years befare the First World War (1914-19 18), most fa milies in the Un ited (A) performance instruments were
Sta tes felt it important to own a piano, no matter how poor they were. People (B) region invented.
/0 who coul d play the piano were welcom e visitors and werc gene rally cajoled (C) position (D) Large bands began to
playing the latest popular tunes. (D) arrangement replace pianos in clubs
But it was nor just in rhe ha me thar the piano nouri shed. It was the basic .nd restaurants.
enterrainment tool in cabarets, clubs, and restaurants, just as ir is today. The 12. The word "it" in line 2 refers to
thus, was central to the sociallives 01 people in the United states, and in the (A) piano 15. The word "virtuoso" in line 19 is
/5 period between the Civil War (1861-1865) and the First World War, there grew (B) place clases! in meaning to
a considerable industry devoted to ir: the popular music business, a huge trade (C) music (A) youthlul
insrructional schools and mail order.lessons, and, of course, rhe selling of i (D) band (B) dedicated
themselves. (C) skilled
13. The word "central" in line 14 is
Inevitablya large corps of virtuoso professional piano players developed. (D) noble
closest in mea ning to
20 These "professors" or "ivory ticklers" were not necessarily trained in the classical
(A) accessible 16. The word "themselves" in
European tradirion. Most, although not all, either were self-taugh t or studied
(B) important line 22 refers to
older ticklers who th emselves had little experi ence wlrh rhe classical tradition.
(C) convenient (A) pianos
Despite the lack of European-style training, many of these players possessed
(D) related (B) compositions
aston lshing techn lques that. ir not well·suitcd lO classica l piano compositions,
(C) older tlcklers
25 were exacrly right for producing the showy effects with which these proressors
impressed audiences and competing pianists. Fast arpeggios, octave runs, and (D) techniques
other great splashes up and down the keyboard were practiced endlessly.
These ticklers were the people who developed and popularized ragrime; it
no accident thar the most popular music of th e penad was a piano formo And
30 course, when jazz ca me into fashion, they were caught up in this new musie.

79
17. According to the passage,
why were audiences amazed
by the piano-playing ofthe
ticklers mentioned In the third
parag raph?
(A) They played without
looki ng at music.
19. The para graph following
the passage most probably
discusses •
(A) cl assica l piano music
(B) piano competitions
(e) piano instruction
(O) jazz piano music

E
(B) Thei r performances were
veryexciting.
(C) They were you nger than
most pianists.
(O) They were accompanied
by a vari ety of other
instruments.

18, Which of the following is NOT

true of the professional piano
players mentioned in the
fourth pa ragraph 7 Section 3 continues. Turn the page and read the next passage.
(A) They were trained in
Europe.
(B) Thei r pia no performances
appea led to audiences.
(C) They usually received little
formal training.
(O) They were more skilled
at playing popu lar music
tha n classical music.

so S1
 Questions 20-29 20. What does the passage mainly 24_ The word "buoyed" in line 11 is
tfmeeri
Virtually every epoch ofhu,!,an civilization ineludes references to fiigrt
di seu ss' closest in meaning to
(A) collapsed
(A) Early drawings of nying
ancient winged deities to a score of myths, themes of fiight occur repeatedly.
machines (B) designed

f
There were undoubtedly sporadic attempts to achieve human fiight, probably i
(B) The history of fiight (e) attempted
Une imitation of birds. The first eredible mention of such elforts appeared in a book
(e) 'The various problems with (D) raised
5 written in 1250, which referred to an ornithopter, a winged machine strapped
ornithopters
to a person's arms. Based on the fiapp ing motion of a bird's wings, an nm,;it hnc'" 25. The word "it"in line 13 refers to
(D) References to fiight in
would require a good deal of muscular energy from the arms of its human (A) balloon
aneient myths
operator. Since this was not a practical source of mechan ical power, it could (B) warm ai r
With the age-old problem of suitable power sources impeding early 21. The word "sporadie" in line 3 is (e) lightweight bag

f
10 experiments, the first person to leave the surface of the Earth did so in the closest in meaning to (D) paper
eighteenth century in a ba lloon. The first balloons were buoyed into and kept (A) seientifie
in the air with air itself - hot air. The Montgolfier brothers had observed that 26, What can be inferred about
air rose, and reasoned that if they could capture ir in a lightwelghr bag, the bag
(B) sueeessfu I i glicÍers that were made before
(e) oeeasiona l
would rise along with anything attached to it They experimented with several the nineteenth century'
(D) eourageous
15 smalllinen bags Ilned with paper to help reta in the hor air. The first free night in (A) They eould not be easily
balloon was made in 1783, a 25-minute journey totaling 8 kilometers. 22, Aceording to the passage, transported.
Practical heavier-than-air fiight evolved from fixed -wing aireraft in the form what was the problem with (B) They relied on hot air 10 lift
gl iders, which are motorless aircraft that are launched from high places. Gliding the ornithopter' ¡he m off of the ground.
itself dated from the year 1000, when a Benedictine monk reportedly launched (A) It was poorly eonstrueted. (e) They were not well

E
20 himselffrom a rower and fiew more than 400 meters. However, structu ral (B) It eould only hold one designed.
and stability problems seemed to frustrate gliding enthusiasts until the early person. (D) They remained airborne for
nineteenth century. With the addition of propellers and engines in the early (e) It had 10 be launched from long periods of time.
twentieth century, airplanes at last beca me a reality. a high place.
27. Whieh of the followi ng
(D) It required more strength

g
statements is supported by the
than a human eould
passage'
provide.
(A) Humans have always had a
23, The word "ir" in line 8 refers to faseination with fiying.
(A) souree (B) The sueeess of human
(B) motion fiig ht depended on
(e) ornithopter imitating the fiight of
(D) power birds.
(e) The evolution of fiight has
been a sfeady, consistent
proeess.
(D) Flying enthusiasts still
prefer gliders to balloons.

82 83
28. Where in the passage does the 29. The passage probably
author mention an historical continues with a dliscusslcln
account of early attempts at (A) the dangers of
fiight 7 (B) the development of
(A) Unes 4-6 airplanes
(B) Unes 9-11 (C) similarities between
(e) Unes 17-18 and modern gliders
(D) Lines 22-23 (D) attempts to improve the
ornithopter

Section 3 continues. Turn the page and read the next passage.

84 85
 Que,tion, 30-39 30. The word "I!"in line 2 refers to 34. The word "hampered" in line 11
(A) Comstock Lode is closest in meaning to
The Comstoek Lode in Nevad" was the scene of one of the biggest si l" " (A) overwhelmed
(B) history
mining booms in the history of the opening up of the North American West. It (S) deepened
(C) prod uetivity
diseovered in 1859, but prod uctivity did not reach its pea k until the 1870's when (C) prolonged
(D) peak
Une many la rge sllver deposits were discovered. A large nu mber of mines are scalcter<,d (D) disrupted
5 along the nve-k ilometer length of th e lode, which is basica lly a mineralized fau lt 31. The word "seattered" in Ilne 4 is
zone, separating geological ly you ng andeslte and dacite lavas from older roeks. closest in mea ning to 35. The word "acute"in line 12 is
The lode forms a fiattish sheet, inclined at about 40 degrees to the horizontal, (A) combined cl asest in mea ning to
and reaches a maximum th ickn ess of 120 meters and a depth of 1,000 meters, (B) spread o'ut (A) fi ery
although most of the richest ore was found wel l above th is level. (C) easily identified (S) unsolvable
10 As in so ma ny of the world's mines, the mining operati ons on the Comstock (D) preserved (C) serious
Lode were severely ham pered by water fi ooding into the worki ngs. At Comstock, (D) sensitive
though, the problems were particularly acute, since the water was extremely 32. Where In the passage does the
hor. reaching 64 deg rees Celsius in some places. Geologieal ly, the presenee of authar describe a lode) 36. Aecordi ng to the passage,
sueh large volumes af hot water was immensely signifiea nt, since it impl ied that (A) linos 4-6 what can be signaled by the
15 benea th the Comstock Lode there was still a large mass of hot igneous rock that (B) Lines 10-11 presence of hot igneous rock)
mig ht be producing more mineralization. For a long whi le this nea r-scalding (C) lInes 13-16 (A) Flooding
made it impossible to mine much below the 1,OOO-meter level, and many miners (D) Lines21 -22 (B) Uneven deposits of ore
were kil led by it, either dlrectly by iall ing into the water or indirectly throug h the (C) Low water levels
33. What is the main idea of the (D) Continuing mineralization
effects of overexertion in the very high temperatures of the mine galleries.
second parag raph)
20 No fewer than 53 miners dled in one period of 22 months ending in May 1877.
(A) The Comstock Lode mi nes 37. Wha t was the pu rpose of the
To combat this it was decided to dig a si x-kilometer-Iong tu nnel to dra in and
were the most sueeessful Sutro Tunnel)
ventilate the upper parts of the mine workings. This tun nel, which beca me known
in North American history. (A) To re lieve fi ooding and
as the Sutro Tu nnel, took many years of extremely hard work to complete, and
(B) The Comstock Lode mines bri ng air into the mine
the succession of physica l obstacles and fina ncial crises that were successfully
had severe problems (B) To get miners to the
25 overcome in its construction have become legendary, comparable in so me ways
affecting their operation. Comsto ck Lode qu ickly
with the heroic engineerlng involved in the laying of the nrst transcontinental
(C) The transcon tinental (C) To pump the hot water out
ra ilway across the United 5tates.
rai lroad made mines of the mine and brin g
profita ble. cold water in to cool it
(D) Thousa nds of workers were (D) To transport ore ro the
employed in the surface
Comstock Lode mines.

86 87
38. The word "obstacles" in line 24 39. The author compa res
is closest in meaning to the constru ction of the, (
(A) injuries Sutro Tunnel to the fi rst
(B) objects transcontinenta l ra ilroad in
(C) qualifi cations North America beca use both
(D) difficulties proJects
(A) were accomplished t
(B) employed young workers
(C) were challenging to
complete
(D) lost money

Section 3 continues. Turn the page and read the next passage.

88 89
 40. What does the passage mainly 44. The word "Interval" in line 12 is
Que,tio", 40·50
discuss) closest in meaning to
Woodpeckers also use their powerful beaks to excava te nest holes in I:ee e (A) The sounds made by (A) note
trunks, drilling first of all a neat horizontal hale, then chiselíng downward for a different species of birds (B) pause
foot or so and there cutting out a chamber. They frequently choose dead trees, (B) The cha racteristics of one (e) call
Une doubt beca use the rotting wood is softer to work than that of living lrees. Such kind of bird (O) tapping
5 trees also are usually infected by bark beetles, which provide a rich food supply (C) The importance of insects
45. The words "as well as" in line 14
conveniently near at hand. as a food source for birds
are closest in meaning to
The drumming noise made by the rapid blows of a woodpecker's beak on a (O) The damage done to trees
tree trunk is one of the most characleristic sounds of the forest. The birds do not (A) besides
by one species of birds
produce It solely when they are feeding or excavating a nest. They beat tattoos (6) easily
41. Theword"excavate"inline 1 is (C) after
10 echoing timber for the same reason thal other birds sing, to declare possession
a territory and to attracl a mate. Each species has ilS own length of drumroll closest in meaning to (O) instead of
ils own characteristic interval between one burst and the nexl. (A) dig
46. Accordlng to the passage, the
Oifferent species of the woodpecker fam ily specialize in different foods. (B) protect
wryneck differs from other
The green woodpecker, as well as taking bark·boring beetles, often descends (C) clean
woodpeckers in that it does
15 to the ground to forage for ants. The wryneck is even more dependenl upon (O) investigate
NOT
ants. It is not primarily a climber at all and lacks the slirf propping taíl of other (A) have a long tongue
42. The word "that" in line 4 refers
woodpeckers, but it does have the usual long sticky tongue, which it nicks into (B) make any noise
a nest of ants to bring out 150 of them 'at a time. The acorn woodpecker exploits to
(A) hole (e) build its own nest
ilS wood·boring skills by drilling neal holes in tree trunks, rhe diameler of wh ich (O) have a rigid tail
(B) chamber
20 exactly accommodates acorns. lt will cover a favored tree with several hundred
(e) wood
such holes and store severa I acorns in each of th em, so accumulating a massive 47. The word "which" in line 19
(O) supply
larder for lhe winter. An even more specialized group within the famíly, the rerers to
sapsuckers, bore holes in tree lrunks for a quite different purpose. They choose 43. It can be inferred from the (A) acorns
living trees or species that produce liberal nows of sap and drrll nurnerous small, passage thal the different (B) holes
25 squarish holes in them. The líquid that trickles out attracts insects that the species of woodpeckers can (e) tree trunks
sapsucker collects and then mixes with the sap to produce a líttle sweetmeat. be identified by rhe (O) skill s
(A) melody of their song
48. The word "massive" in líne 21 is
(6) design of their nest
closest in meaning to
(C) pattern of the drumming
(A) secret
noise they make
(B) potential
(O) size of the ir beak
(C) huge
(O) fresh

91
90
 49. Which 01 the lollowing is NOT
mentioned as a species of
woodpecker that eats insects? .
(A) The sapsucker
(B) The green woodpecker
(e) The wryneck
(D) The acorn woodpecker
SO. The sapsuckers'behavior is
diflerent from the behavior
other species usually i
which olthe following ways?
(A) It searches for lood in i
ralher than dead trees
(B) It does not drill holes in
trees
(C) It east both ants and
beetles
(D) It is the only species that
sto res lood lor the
months

This is the end of Section 3.

If you finish in less than SS minutes, check your work on Section 3 only. Do
read or work on any other section of the test.
When you are ready to check your answers, use the answer key on page 95 of this
lO determine which questions you answered correctly and incorrectly.

92