Vat Ly 12

LE DANG KHUONG - NGUYEN XUAN TRUONG Tat tén tat LY THUYET Ding cho hoc sinh 6n thi THPT Quéc gia NHA XUAT BAN DAN TRILoi néi dau Em thén mén! Héa hoc Ie man hoc f thuyét va che nghiém rat gin gai voi cudc sng. VOI cde ban hoc sinh dang én thi THPT Quéc Gia thi viée én luyén Iy chuyét rdt quan trong béi dB thi chita t6i 65% ly thuyét. Va néu néim vitng ly thuyét thi phéin bai tdip sé tre nén dé dang hon. Phiin ly thayét Ha hoc 12 Id phiin bat bude phat hgc do yéu cau clia dé thi THPT Quéc Gia. Hau hét cdc ban thi diém thdp bot vi ly thuyét ndm khdng chée, lo’ mo me ly thuyét la kign thiéc phdi c6 dé gidi bat tap. Vike hoc ly thuyét nhiéu ban cting khéng 6 nhiéu kinh nghigm nén hgc lan man, khéng cé trong tam. Thdu hiéu duoc sw kh6 khan nay ciia cdc em, thliy Lé Béng Khuong va thay Nguyén Xuan Trwéng - Téng chi bién Séch gido khoa mén Héa hoc va la ngtrdi vit trurc tiép SGK lép 12 da hop téc dé ra mdt cudn sdch “Tat tin tat LY THUYET HOA HOC 12" gitip em nhank chéng ném vitng ly thuyét va lam bai tét Cun stich “Tat tin tat LY THUYET HOA HOC 12” sie dung kj thudt Mindmap (Sor d6 tw duy) 1d cong cy ghi nhé t6t nhét hién nay trén thé gidi gidp cdc em nhanh chéng ndm chdc I thuyét va lam e6t cdc dang bat lf thuyét. Them vao a6 stich thiét ké céc cau héi dé céic em van dung vao theo cdc mite db khéc nhau dé cting c6 I thuyét m@t cach nhanh chéng. Ngoai ra cdc em con duc tham gia vao nkém bi mat trén facebook aé hoi dép v8 sch mt céch nhanh chéng. Thay Lé Béing Khuong va cdc cong sue sé hd ero dé otic em hiéu r6 todn b§ ndi dung trong séich. Cuén sdch nay gitip em tim duryc cdch hoe ly thuyét H6a hoc mét cach dy thi vj! Mate di durgc dau tw va vide edn than tuy nhién cudn sch nay cling khéng thé trénh khdi nhétng thiéu sé6t, rit mong nhdn duoc sw gop § ctia em dé thiiy 06 co héi dwwoe sta chita, Xin tréin trong cém on em! Than Gée Tac gid PGS.TS. Nguyén Xuan Truong ThS, Lé Dang Khwong LB BANG KHUONG - NGUYEN XUAN TRUONG 3LOT DE TANG ‘ay la mt mén qua dank riéng cho ban. Hay lam theo quy trinh trong cu6n sch nay, n6 sé gitip ban Ihéng chi bay git’ ma tu duy hoc tap cila né sé theo ban dén cuéi adi. LOI CAM O'N Cu6n séch 4a nhgn duge rat nhigu déng gép quy bau, Ching t6i xin bay td long biét on cia minh dén nhimg con ngudi da danh tam huyét va nd luc cia ho dé cudn sdch nay ra dai. Cam on cae cOng sy Nguyén Thanh Hoa, Trin Thi Thanh Tam, Pham Thi Lua, D6 Dodn Phuong, HO Thuc Linh da hé tro dé cudn séch nay dugc hoan thanh. Xin cim on céc em hoc sinh da tin tuémg va hanh dng hét minh, Chinh sw nd lye va thanh cong ciia céc em 4a truy8n cim hing manh mé nhit dén thay. Cam on Van Anh, Son, Minh, Hé, Dat, Bach, An, Duy, Hoang Anh, Duy, Giang, va hang nghin hoc sinh online & trang ledangkhuong.com, dodaho.com va hocmai-vn. Cam on Céng ty TNHH Qudng cdo - In dn va Truyén théng Tway Viet Nam va Nha Xudt ban Dén tri da giép dé tdi rat nhiBu trong qua trinh xuat ban cudn séch. Cuéi cing, xin cém om ban dang dgc cudn sdch nay, Chic mimng ban da Iva chon ding! L8 DANG KHUONG - NGUYEN XUAN TRUONGLE DANG KHUONG - NGUYEN XUAN TRUONG LOT GIO THIEU Tac gid Le Bang Khwong la gidng vign tai Khoa Héa hoc, trudng Dai hoc Sur pham Ha NOi 8 nam. Tuy con tré nhung rat nang dng, sdng tao va nhay bén trong viéc bién soan séch theo dinh huéng hgc tét bé mén Héa hoc va thi Dai hoc dat diém sé cao. Lam viée v6i tac gid Lé Dang Khuong t6i cam thy rét yén tam vé trinh 8 chuyén mén cing nw trinh 49 sw pham va nhan céch, Toi IA gidng vign lau nim cia chuyén nganh “Li Iuin va Phuong phap day hoc b9 mon Héa hgc” tai Ithoa Héa hoc, trong Dai hoc Su pham Ha N6i. Tdi cing a Téng chi bién b9 sch giéo khoa, séch bai tip, sdch gido vien b6 mon Héa hoc cia BO Gio duc va Bao tao va va nhiéu bé sch tham khdo cia Nha xudt ban - Gido duc. ‘Trong thdi gian qua chiing t6i da phéi hop v6i nhau dé bién sogn ra nhiing cudn sach trong 46 cé sw két hop gitta kinh nghiém day hoc truy8n théng véi phwong phdp va phong cach day hoc hién dai (dac biét la sir dung Cong nghé théng tin va mang Internet) nham gitp cac ban tré dat két qua cao nhat trong hoc tap bé mén Héa hoe. Chting t6i tran trong cém on va chan thanh dén nhan ¥ kidn déng gop cia ban doc. PGS, TS, Nguyén Xuan Trirong Anh chup tal nha riéng ctia PGS.TS. Nguyén Xuan Truong (bén phat va Ths Lé Bing Kiurong (bén trdi).MUCLUC PUTRI ee edie deseo POLIME PHAN il: HOA VO Co’ PYRO UCU Cea AUBREY. KIM LOAI KIEM - KIEM THO -NHOM CROM -§ TONG HOP VO CO’ 6 LE BANG KHUGNG - NGUYEN XUAN TRUONGHUONG DAN DOC SACH HIEU QUA 1. Docly thuyét két hop vé lai mindmap theo mau © Hay hiéu rd cdc ip nay bang moi cach ¢ Lap dip dai. Hay kién tri, khi ban Lap lai bang cach doc mdi bai ft nhat 10 lan ban sé thy kinh ngac vé kha n&ng cia minh, Hay cit hanh dng hét minh nhé, Néu ban dgc bang mat chura thudc thi hay doc to biing miéng sé nhé nhanh hon. * Vé lai mindmap (so dd ur duy) va dan Ién txdng dé xem lai mindmap méi ngay khodng 5 phit buéi sang, 5 phuit budi tra va 5 phut buéi t6i truée hi di ngi, ban sé nhé rat lau do, 2. Bai tap ty luyén. Hay lam phan nay sau khi hiéu ro cdc bai tp vi dy. Lam xong hay xem ap n phfa sau va on lai trwéc kbi sang phan tiép theo. 8, Bai tap kiém tra; Phan nay ding dé kiém tra n&ng lye hoc tap cia em. Hay lam phan nay sau khi hiéu ré cdc bai tap vi du va bai tép ty Juyén. Lm xong hay xem @4p an phfa sau va ty cho diém 4. C6 mt nhom bf mat trén facebook gitip ting trong tac gitra hoc sinh va thay. Néu cé bat ky cau héi nao vé nhing kign thite trong cudn sach nay, ban hay vao nhém bi m§t trén facebook. Dé tham gia nhom nay, hay truy cp vao link sau dé biét hu6ng dan vao nhém hitp://ledangkhuong.com /lythuyet12/ 5. Hay tp trung vao muc tiéu cia ban. Khi ban cém théy mét méi, cng thang thi hay xem va lam theo video trong link sau: bttp://ledangkhuong.com/truyen-cam-hung/ 6. Luén nh6 LAP LA CHIA KHOA dé thanh céng voi cu6n sdch nay LE. DANG KHUONG - NGUYEN XUAN TRUONGCHUONG 1: ESTE - LIPIT CHU’ONG 1: ESTE - LIPIT omastoo mete nfo Mp HoKO J URES HOP nood9 vbooatea otanic) wo ' L& DANG KHUONG - NGUYEN XUAN TRUONG ‘e000 uohssvo rrr gnu ye seep ame aoa ‘OH S9oF er ep to 4CHUONG 1: ESTE - LIPIT op nn eo ee me Aqui Se eo! qo os S09 000 1 Dw fg nH aD ou Bug ANE 9 woe “ero oD HOUT "WRLUNE RIE EDP D AP UP ERIN ‘ounsien deus Pimp 8 ogg ps REPAID MORENO “atyoneowd yyosars des ‘o9q TED mugs dry - “0 wad Sui oon Bonp Buon nary wey Sunqu 2gnu Fun wes Poy SugK ‘age opg Ben yo 9 mma dog ung ed AV ODE eR sw dy pw ody - vgn uo eo uh LE DANG KHUONG - NGUYEN XUAN TRUONG 10CHUONG i: ESTE - LIPIT A.ESTE Linh nghia Khi thay nhém OH & nhém cacboxyl (-COOH) eta axit cacboxylic bing nhém OR’ thi duge este, R-C-OH ———» R-C-OR' 5 j vs Cong thite tong quat cla mét $6 este ¥ Este no, don chitc, mach hé: GHe,O2 (n2 2). Y Este don chire durge tgo béi axit don chite va ancol don chite: C.H,0z; RCOOR’. Y Este da chite duge tao béi axit don chtic RCOOH va ancol da chirc R'(OH)n: (RCOO) aR’. ¥ Este da chite duge tao bdi axit da chive R(COOH), va ancol don chire ROH: R(COOR’),, 11, Danh phap Tén este = tén gic hidrocachon R’ + ten anion géc axit (duéi “at"} Ten axit Tén géc Téneste hidrocacbon CHs- : metyl HCOOCHs: metyl fomat HCOOH - fomic Cells: ety! HCOOC-Hs: etyl fomat CH:CH.CHe- HCOOCH:CH:CHs: propyl fomat (CHs)-CH- HCOOCH(CHs)2: isopropyl fomat CHs- : metyt CHsCOOCHs: metyl axetat CHsCOOH - axetic CoHs-: etyl CH;COOCHs: etyl axetat CH2=CH-: vinyl (CH;COOCH=CHz: vinyl axetat Cells: phenyl CHsCOOCsHs: phenyl axetat CeHsCOOH- propionic —_| CHs- : metyl CaHisCOOCHs: metyl proy CaHs-: ety! CaHsCOOCzHs: etyl propionat CHz=CHCOOH: acrylic | CHs- : metyl ‘CH2=CHCOOCH: metyl acrylat = COOH CH3- : mety! CH, =C-COOCH; CH metaerylic CH; metyl metacrylat TIL Tinh chat vatly Trang théi: chat Ling hodc rén & nhiét d6 thudng. ‘D6 tan: rat ft tan trong nude. Nhiét 46 s6i th4p: este < ancol < axit (cé cling s6 cacbon trong phan tir). Mui: Este c6 mii thom dic trung, « eee LE DANG KHUONG - NGUYEN XUAN TRUONG iCHUONG 1: ESTE - LIPIT Isoamy! axetat; mii chuéi chin, Etyl butirat: mii dita Etyl isovalerat: mui téo. Geranyl axetat: mii hoa hBng. Benzy! axetat: mili hoa nhai. IV. Tinh chat héa hoc 4. Phan ting thiy phan 3. Trong mdi trong axit (phan tng thuan nghich). RCOOR'+H,0=—"=RCOOH +R'OH w Trong mdi trudng bazo ~ phan ing xa phéng héa (phan tg mét chiéu). RCOOR'+ NaQH—>RCOONa+R'OH * Luuy: RCOOCH =CH-R'+ NaOH —+RCOONa+R'CH,CHO (andehit) RCOO -C=GH-R' + NaOH ——» RCOONa +R"-¢ G- CH -R’ R” 0 (xeton) RCOOC,H, +2NaOH—>RCOONa-+C,H,ONa+ H,0 (hai musi) 2.Phén ting ctia géc hidrocachon + Phan ting cng vao g6c hidrocacbon chura no Vidu: CHy=CHCOOCHs + Bra + CHeBr-CHBrCOOCHs CH, =CHCOOCH, +H, —>CH,CH,COOCH, = Phan ding tring hoy Vidu: ncilsco0cH = CH, —P* » +cH- cle}, OOCCHs + Phan ting tréng guong cita este HCOOR’ HCOOR’ + 24gNOs + 3NHs + H20 > NHOOCOR’ + 2Agl + 2NHyNOs 3. Phan teng ox! héa hoan toan Khi dét chay este no, don ehtte, mach hi: 3n-2, C,H,,0, +: 0, nC, +nH,0 2 F Ne, =Myo V. Diéu ché 1. Este cia ancol RCOOH+ R’OH = RCOOR’'+H,0 (phin ting este héa) Vidy: CH,COOH+-C,H,OH 22 CH,COOCH, +H,0 Phan tng este héa la phan ing thuén nghjch, Dé ting hiéu suat phan ting c6 thé lay du axit hoc ancol hoac lam gidm ning dQ este. HaS0, dc vira la chat xitc the, vira 6 tac dung hut nuéc gép phiin lam tang higu suat tao este, 12 LE DANG KHUONG - NGUYEN XUAN TRUONGCHUONG 1: ESTE - LIPIT 2.Esteciia phenol ——_C,H,OH+(CH,CO),0 —> CH,COOC,H, +CH,COOH Vi. Ung dung > Dung moi. > Chat déo: poli(vinyl axetat), poli{mety! metacrylat) > Este khéng déc, cé mii thom dugc diing lam chat tgo hwong trong céng nghiép thye pham, mi pham. B.LIPIT 1. Khai nigm > Lipit 1a nhéing hyp chat hitu co o6 trong té bao s6ng, khong hda tan trong nuéc nhung tan nhiéu trong dung méi hau co khéng phan cy. > Lipit gim: chat béo, sap, steroit, photpholipit,... TL Chat béo Y Chit béo la trieste cla glixerol v6i axit béo, gol chung 1a triglixerit hay triaxylglixerol. R600 CH R,COOCH (Re, Re, Rs l& cde g6e anit, c6 thé ging hod khac nhau) R4COO CHa ¥ _Axit béo la céc anit don chire ¢6 mach cacbon dai (16C - 24C), khong phan nhanh, ‘Axit béo RCOOK ‘Chat béo (RCOO),CsHs ‘Axitstearic | Axitno GoHasCOOH tristearin | {Ci7HasCOO)sCaHs Axit oleic Axitkhongno | Cx7HssCOOH triolein {Ci7HgC00):CsHs Axitlinoleic | Axit khéngno | CiHs:COOH. trilinolein | (CirHs,CO0)sC3Hs ‘Axit panmitic_| Axit no CisHsCOOH tripanmitin | (CisHaxCOO)sCaHs INL Trang thai tw nhién Y Chat béo la thanh phn chinh cia dau mo dong thye vat. Y S4p dién hinh la sap ong. ¥ Steroit va photpholipit cé trong co thé sinh vat. IV. Tinh chat cita chat béo 1. Tinh chdt vée ly ¥ Trang thai Chat béo rén (mé bd, mé ciru,...) chi yéu Ia céc triglixerit chia gd axit béo no. Chat béo Jéng (du lac, du cé,...) chit yu IA cdc triglixerit chika gd axit béo khéng no. Nhe hon nw6c, khéng tan trong née, tan trong céc dung moi hitu co (xing, benzen). 2. Tinh chat héa hoc % Phan dng thiy phan trong méi trudng axit (RCOO)sCsHs + 3H20 <=> 3RCOOH + CsHs(OH)s ws Phan iengxa phdng héa (RCOO)3C3Hs + 3NaOH —“>» 3RCOONa + C3Hs(OH)s LE DANG KHUONG - NGUYEN XUAN TRUONG, 13CHUONG 1: ESTE - LIPIT Phan mg xa phong héa xay ra nhanh hon phan éng thy phan trong méi trong axit va khong thuan nghich. w% Phan ting hidro héa (Cr7Hs3CO0)3C3Hs + 3He —™#"-> (Ci7H35CO0)3CsHs triolein (long) tristearin (ran) es Phan mg oxi héa: dau ma dé lau bj 6i do céc ni d6i C=C & géc axit khOng no cia chat béo bi oxi héa cham béi oxi trong khéng Ichi tao thanh peoxit, chat nay bi phan hiiy thanh cdc sn phdm cé mai khé chju, v. Ung dung > Chat béo la thétc an quan trong cila con ngudi. > Chat béo la nguyén ligu tng hop mot sé chat khéc cn thiét cho cor thé. > Trong cong nghiép, chat béo dugc diing dé diéu ché xa phong va glixerol, MOT SO TRUONG HOP DAC BIET 1. Este ciia etylen glicol (CHsCOO).CoHs + 2NaOH —"4 2CHsCOONa + CoHs(OH)2 CHCOOCzH CH3COONa + C:HsCOONa + CH.(OH)2 2. Este ciia giixeroi (HCOO)sC:Hs + 3NaOH —*> 3HCOONa + CsH5(0H)s, 3. Este ciia phenol CHsCOOCcHs + ZNaOH —* > CHsCOONa + CeflsONa + FLO CH3COOCsH,OCOCHs + 4NaQH —-> 2CHsCOONa + CsHe(ONa)e + 24:0 4. Este cita axit fomie HCOOCH; + NaGH + HCOONa + CHj0H HCOOCH=CH: + NaQH —> HCOONa + CHsCHO HCOOCHS + Bro + H20 —> CHjOCOOH + 2HBr HCOOCHs + 2AgNOs +3NH; + H20 —“» CH,OCOONH, + 2Ag1 + 2NH,NO3 5. Este cia axit oxalic. (COOCHs}: + 2Na0H —"-> (COONa}: + 2CH50H CH300C-COOC:Hs + 2NaQH —*-> CH30H + CHsOH + NaQOC-COONa 6. Este ciia axit adipic. CH00C-(CHz}.-COOCHs + 2Na0H —* > NaQOC-[CH12]s-COONa + 2CH30H (CHs00C-[CH:]«COOG:Hs + 2NaQH —* + CH,OH + CoHsOH + NaQOC-[CH2].-COONa 7.Hop chat tap chire, CHsCOOC.H:OH + 3NaOH —""-> CHCOONa + CeH,(ONa)2 + 2H20 HOOC-COOCH; + 2NaOH —“-> NaQOC-COONa + CH3OH + H20 CHsCOOC2H,OH + NaOH —*-> CHsCOONa + C2H«(OH)z CH=C-COOCHs + AgNOs + NH; —> AgC=C-COOCHs | (vang) + NHsNO: 14 LE DANG KHUONG - NGUYEN XUAN TRUONGCHUONG 1: ESTE - LIPIT CAC DANG BAI TAP LY THUYET A ~ Dong phan - Danh php Y Viét dong phan © Tinh sé lién két 1 hoi ic ving cita hop chat C,H,0, keaney=222ery = k=1-reste no, don chic, mech hé. wv k=2> eee oan chite ¢6 1 lign két¢ = C, © k=5estecita phenol, don chitc. © Xem yéu cau a 6 gi dc biét (este no, khéng no, don chitc, da chitc, mach ho. © Viét cdc ding phan. V Nam duge danh php este, lipit theo tén quéc té (IUPAC) va tén théng thrdng, v Ap dung thém mét sé phwong phap khac. BAL TAP MAU = Coban CAu 4: Hop chat nao sau day 1a este? A. CHsCHLCL B, HCOOCGHs. C. CHCH2NOs. D.CH:OH. Huéng dan gidi Nhém chifc eiia este 1d ~COOR’ > HCOOCsHs la este ~ Dap anB CAu 2: Chat nao sau day khong phai la este? A. HCOOCH=CH2. B. HCOOCHs. €. CHgCOOH. D. CHsCOOCHS. Hw6ng dan giai Este c6 cOng thite tng quat RCOOR’ (R' Ia g6c hidrocacbon) CH;COOH khéng phi la este ~ Dap an€ Céu 3: Chat nao sau day khéng phai la este? A.HCOOCHs. B. ColisCHO. C. CH2=CHCOOCH:. D, (CH3CO0)2C2Ha. Huw6ng din giai HCOOC?Hs, CH2=CHCOOCHs Ia este don chtéc. (CH:C00}2C2H; la este hai chttc. CcHisCHO Ia andehit. ~ Dap an B Cu 4: Cong thite tng quat ciia este no, don chiec, mach hela A. Cybizn0 (121). B. CyH2.02 (n21). ©. CaHanO2 (n22), D, CyH2n0 (n22). LE DANG KHUONG - NGUYEN XUAN TRUONG 15CHUONG 1: ESTE - LIPIT Huéng dan gi Cong thite cia este no, don chitc, mach hé 1a C,HexO2 (n22). > Dap anc Cau 5: Trong phan tir este no, don chirc, mach hé 6 s6 ign két pila AO. BA, c2 D3. Huong dan giai Este no, don chitc, mach hé (CyH2,02) 6 k= we 6 1 lidn két x (trong nhém -COO-) ~ Dap 4nB ¥ Van dung ‘Cau 6: S6 dng phan este c6 cong thie phan tir 18 C3Hs02 13 AL. B.2, 3. D4. Huéng dan giai 2432-6 2 ~ Cac dng phan este: (1)HCOOC:Hs (2) CHsCOOCHs C6 2 dng phan este 06 cOng thite phan tir 1a CsH«O2 =1 > este no, don chitc, mach hé. > Dap an B Cau 7: Sé dong phan este mach hé c6 cong thiéc phan tir CHeO2 Ia AL2, B.3, C4. D.5. Hwéng dan giai CiHO2 2442-6 a 7 as 8 k= =2 ~ este kh6ngnno c6 1 lién két d6i C=C, don chitc, mach he (1) HCOOCH=CH-CHs (4) CHsCoocH=cH, (2) HcoocH.-c (5) CHa=CHCOOCHs (3) HCOOC(CH:}=CHz > Dap nD CAu 8: Ten goi clia este cé cng thitc cu tao thu gon CHsCOOCHs 12 A.metyl fomat. B.metyl axetat. C etyl fomat. D. ety! axetat. Hw6ng dan giai Metyl fomat: HCOOCHs Metyl axetat: CHsCOOCHs Etyl fomat: HCOOC:Hs Btyl axetat: CHsCOOCoHs > Dap in B Cau 9: Metyl propionat la tén ggi cia hgp chat nao? A. HCOOC3HD. B. CHsCOOCHS. C.GoHsCOOCHs. D. CHsCOOC2Hs, Huéng dan giai Metyl propionat: C2HsCOOCHs > Dap an 16 LB DANG KHUONG - NGUYEN XUAN TRUONGCHUO'NG 1: ESTE - LIPIT ‘Cau 10: Este duge tgo thanh tir axit no, don chizc, mach hé v6i ancol no, don chttc mach hé cé céng thire nao sau day? A. CoHlzse1 COO CoH ams B, CoH2xCOOCnHoma. C. CoH anr1COOCmH am. D. CeH2n-1COOCmHam-t. Huéng din gidi Axit no, don chite, mach hé: CxHan-:COOH, Ancol no, don chite, mach hé: CaHameiOH. Este duge tao béi axit no, den chisc mach hé va ancol no, don chite, mach hd c6 cong thite téng quat 1a CyHz5-1COOCateme = Dap an A BAI TAP TU LUYEN 1 Cu 4: Chon phat bigu ding nhat? A. Chit b6o 1a trieste cia glixerol véi axit. B. Chat béo la trieste cia glixerol véi axit v6 co. C. Chit béo la trieste cita glixerol v6i axit béo, D. Chat béo l2 trieste cia ancol v6i axit béo. Cu 2: Phan ding este héa gitra ancol etylic va axit fomic tgo thanh este c6 tén goi la A. etyl fomat. B. metyt axetat. C.etyl axetat. D. metyl fomat. Cau 3: Nhdn dinh nao sau day khong ating khi néi vé metyl axetat CHsCOOCH:? ‘A, C6 céng thife phan tir la CsHeO2. B, La dng ding cia axit propionic. €.La dng phn cia axit propionic. D. La hop chét este. CAu 4: Cong thite phan tir t6ng quat cita este tgo béi ancol no, don chétc, mach hé va axit cacboxylic don chite, khéng no, c6 mt lién két 461 C=C 1a A. CaHlanO2. B. CaHanea02. C.CaHen 202. D. CoHaeeiOz. Cau 5: $6 dong phan este mach hé cé cong thie phan tl 14 CeHla02 13 AL B.2. C3. D4. Cau 6: Céng thie edu tgo thu gon cia triolein 1a A. (CHsCOO)sGHs. B. (CiHlssCO0);CaHs. G. (CirH33C00)sCsHs, D. (Cistis:COO)sCsHs. Cau 7: Hop chat X c6 céng thitc edu tao: CHsCOOCH=CHz, Tén goi cia X18 A. etyl axetat, B. vinyl axetat. C. metyl acrylat. D. mety! propionat. Cau 8: Este metyl metacrylat c6 cng théte edu tao ki A. CH2=CHCOOCHs. B. CHe=C(CHs)COOCHs. C. CHsCOOCH=CH:. D. CHsCOOC(CHs)=CH. Cau 9; Chat nao sau day Khong phai lA este? A. CHsCH:COOH. B, CHsOOCCHs. C HCOOCHs. D. CH30CO-COOC:Hs. CAu 10: Chat X c6 céng thitc phan ti CsHe0z, 1d este cia axit axetic. Cong thitc edu tgo thu gonciaXla LE DANG KHUONG - NGUYEN XUAN TRUONG 7CHUONG 1: ESTE - LIPIT A. HCOOG:Hs. B, CHsCOOCHs. ©. GHsCOOK. D. HO-C:H.-COOH, DAP AN 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 c A B c BD c B B A B HUONG DAN GIAI Cau 1: cau 2; cau 3: cau; Cau 5: Cau 6: cau 7: 18 Chat béo la trieste cita glixerol v6i axit béo (SKG 12 co ban trang 8) ~ Dap an Phuong trinh héa hoc cia phan (mg gitka ancol etylic va axit fomic CH,OH+HCOOH “> HC00C,H, +H,0 etyl fomat + Dap An A Metyl axetat: CHsCOOCHs Lahop chat este -» D ding ‘Cong thie phan tir la CsH602 > A ding La dong phan cia axit propionic (CzHsCOOH) + € dling, > Dap an B Este dugc tao béi ancol no, don chtrc, mach hé va axit cacboxylic don chic, khong no, ¢6 mt lién két d6i C=C cé céng thitc cu tao thu gon 1a CyH2x-1COOCmH2met > CaHlas-202 vin =m+k+1 > Bap anc Catfs02 06 == SESS <1 - este no, dom chitc, mach he. (1) CHsCH.CoocH (2) CHscoocHCHs (3) HCOOCHCH.CHs (4) HCOOCH(CHs)z > C64 dng phan este = Dap anD Axit olete CirHssCOOH ~ triolein (C:zHssCOO)sCsHs > Bap an CH3COO- : axetat CHe=CH-: vinyl ~ Vinyl axetat: CHsCOOCH=CH2 + Bap An B LE DANG KHUONG - NGUYEN XUAN TRUONGCHUONG 1: ESTE - LIPIT Cau 8: Axit metacrylic: CH2=C(CHs)COOH ‘Ancol metylic: CHsOH ~ Metyl metacrylat: CHz=C(CH:)COOCHs > Dap an B cau 9: Nhém chige cia este [a -COO~ > CHsCH2COOH 1a axit, khong phai 1a este. > Dap an A cau 10: X Beste ciia axit axetic nén cé dang CHsCOOR' (R’ # H) X c6 cong thitc phan tir la C3He02 + CHsCOOCH3 ~ Dap 4nB BALTY LUYEN 2 Cau 1: Chét nao sau day 18 este? A.CH3COONa. B.HCOOCH:CéHs. ——€, (NHz)2C0. D, CHe=CHCOONH:. Cau 2: Chat ndo sau day khong i este? A. CHsCOOGHs. B, HCOOC2Hs. €,(HCOO).CHs. D. HOOCCH. Cau 3: Chon phat biéu ding nhat? A. Este dan chite dugc tao béi axit don chite va ancol da chitc, B, Vinyl axetat a este no, don chitc, mach hé. C. Phenyl axetat cé cong thtte phan tir l& CeHeO2. D, Cong thire téng quat ctia este don chive la CaHas02. Cau 4: Tén gol cita este 6 CTCT thu gon CzHsCOOCaHs I A.etylaxetat. B.etyl propionat. _€. metyl axetat. D. metyl fomat. Cau 5: Cong thire cau tgo cia trilinolein 1a A, (C:7HasCO0)3C3Hs. B. (C17Ha3COO)sCaHs. C. (CisHz1COO)sCsHs. D. (Ci7Hs1CO0}sC3Hs.. Cau 6: $6 déng phan cac chat hru co mach hé ¢6 CIPT la CsH402 la Al B.2. c.3. D4 Cau 7: Khi thyc hign phan tng este héa gita axit axetic voi propan-2-ol, ta thu duge sn pham la A. n-propyl axetat. B.etyl propionat. C isopropyl axetat. D.etyl axetat. Cau 8: Chat X c6 cng thize phan tir C;HaOa, 18 este cia axit axetic. Cong thitc cau tgo thu gon cia Xl ‘A, HCOOC3H>. B, CHsCOOCaHs. C. GHsCOOCH:. D. CsHt;COOH. Cau 9: Este khong no, don chite, mach hé c6 mét lién két d6i C=C c6 phn tram khéi lng nguyén t6 cacbon bang 50%. Cong thie phan tir cia X 1a A. CaHlaOz. B, C3Hs02. C.CoHyO. D.CaHeO2. LE DANG KHUONG - NGUYEN XUAN TRUONG 19CHU'ONG 1: ESTE - LIPIT Cau 10: Nhan xét n3o sau day Khong ding? A. Mé déng vat khdng tan trong nuéc nhung tan nhiéu trong benzen. B, Dau thye vat nhe hon nuéc, C. Mudi natri hod kali cia axit hitu co dwg diing lam xa phong. D. Chat béo la théte an quan trong cia con ngudi. DAP AN 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 B D c B D D Cc B c c HUONG DAN GIAL caulk: CHsCOONa, CH=CHCOONHs: mudi. (NH2)2CO: dam ure, HCOOCHACoHs: este, > Dap an B cau 2: A,B, Cla este (chira nhém -COO-). Da anit (chia nhém -COOH). > Dap 4n D Cau 3: Asai vi este don chitc duge tao béi axit don chite va ancol don chtte, Bsai vi vinyl axetat (CH;COOCH=CHL) Id este khdng no. € duing vi phenyl axetat cd cOng thitc cu tao thu gon 18 CHsCOOCsHs > céng thite phan tila CoHeO2, Dai vi CylH2,Q2 1a cong thite tng quat cia este no, don chite, mach hd. > Dap anc Cau 4: ‘C,HsCOOH: axit propionic. CH:OH: etanol ~> C2HsCOOCoHs : etyl propionat. ~ Dap anB Cau 5: Axit tinoleic: C,7Ha,COOH = trilinolein: (Ci7Hs:COO)sCsHs > Dap anD Cau 6: CxHs02 66 k= Basten — hop chat c6 2 lién két re HCOOCH=CHz — CHz=CHCOOH OHC-CHz-CHO CHs-CO-CHO = Dap nD 20 LB DANG KEUONG - NGUYEN XUAN TRUONGCHUONG L: ESTE - LIPIT cau7: CH,COOH + (CH, ), CH-OH="*CH,COOCH(CH,), +H,0 Isopropyl axetat ~ Bap anc caus: X la este iia axit axetic> X c6 dang CHsCOOR’ X c6 c6ng thite phan tir 1a CsHaOz suy ra R’ 1a CoHs- ~~ Céng thite cu tgo clia X 1a CHsCOOC.Hs > Dap anB Cau 9: Céng thie tong quét ciia este khong no, don chic, mach hé cé mt lién két d6i C=C. CyHana0z Wan © 14n=2+162 — Dap anc Cau 10: A ding (SGK 12 co’ ban trang 9), B ding (SGK 12 co ban trang 9). Csai vi mudi natri hogc kali cia axit béo duoc ding lam xa phdng. D ding (SGK 12 co ban trang 11). > Dap nC He: 100% =50% —>n=3->C,H,0, Em lam bai kiém tra duéi day @é cing c6 kién thire nhé! BAI KIEM TRA Cau 1: Cho céc chat sau: CH;COOH, CH3CH2COOCHs, CHsCOOCzHs, CzHs00CCHs, HCOOC:Hs, {CirHasCO0);CsHs, (HCOO)2C:H,, (COOCHs)2. $6 chat thudc loai este 1a AS. B.6. G7. D.8. Cau 2: Hop chat este don chite X ¢6 cOng thite don gian nhat la CH2O. Cong thitc cdu tao iaXla A.CHSCOOH. B, HCOOCH:. C.HO-CH2-CHO. D. CHsCOOCHs. Cau 3: Hop chat X c6 céng thitc cau tao: CH>OOCCH2CHs. Ten goi clia X 1a A. etyl axetat. B. metyl propionat. C.metyl axetat, D. propyl axetat. Cau 4: Sé dong phan este mach hé c6 céng thite phn tit la CsHa02 12 AL B.2. C3. D4 Cau 5: Este isopropyl fomat c6 cong thirc c4u tao thu gon la A. CHsCOOG:Hs. B. HCOOCH2CH2CHs. €. HCOOCH(CHs)2. ‘D. CzHsCOOCHs. LE DANG KHUONG - NGUYEN XUAN TRUONG 2hCHUONG 1: ESTE - LIPIT (Cau 6: Céng thite phan tt cia este X mach hé 1a CsHeOz. X thudc logi este: A.no, don chite. B. khéng no, den chite. C.ng, da chttc. D. khong no, cé mot néi déi C=C, don chite. Cau 7: Cong thie c&u tao thu gon cia tristearin 18 A. (Ci7HasCOO)2CoHs, B, (CisHa:COO)CaHs. C. (CurHasCOO):C2Hs. D. (CisHa1COO}2C2Hs. (Cau 8: Nh§n xét nao sau day Khong cling khi ndi vé metyl acrylat? A. Lahgp chat este khéng no. B, La ding dang ciia este metyl fomat. C.6 cng thitc phan tirla CsHeO2, D. Co tham gia phan ting cOng vi Bra Cau 9: Este no, don chite, mach hé X c6 phan tram khéi hrong nguyén t6 oxi bang 53,33%. Cong there phan tir cia X 1a A.CH:0. B.CoH6O2. C.CaHeO2, D. CaHs02. Cau 10: Dun hén hop glixerol va axit stearic, axit panmitic (c6 xiie tée H2S04) c6 thé thu durgc bao nhiéu loai trieste? Ad. B.S. C6. D.8. DAP AN io[ 2] 3 [7 4 [5 [6 | 7 [ 8 7 9 J ie) c B B A c D c B DB c HUONG DAN GiAI Cau 1: Nhém chitc ciia este la nhém -COOR C67 chat thudc este 1a: CHsCHzCOOCHs, CHsCOOC:Hs, CHs00CC:Hs, HCOOC2Hs, (CisH3sCOO)3CsHs, (HCOO}2C2Hs, (COOCH3)z ~ Dap an€ Cau 2: XR este don chite + X c6 2 nguyén tir O ~ Gong thite phan tir cia X18 (CH20): > C:H,0, > HCOOCH; > Dap 4nB can 3: CH300CCH2CHs duoc tao thanh tt axit CHsCHCOOH (axit propionic) va CH;0H (ancol metylic) > tén cita este la mety! propionat > Dap anB Cau 4: GsHi0; 06 k= 223-4 9, este khong no, don chiéc, cé motlién két C=C ~ Céng thite cu tao: HCOOCH=CH; = pap anA Cau 5: CHsCOOC:Hs: etyl axetat HCOOCH:CH2CHs: n-propyl fomat HCOOCH(CHs)2: isopropyl fomat :HsCOOCHs: metyl propionat = Dap anc 22 LE DANG KHUGNG - NGUYEN XUAN TRUONGCHUONG 1: ESTE - LIPIT cau 6; 2442-6 CiHeO2 66 k= 2 este khéng no, don chitc c6 mét lién két C=C + Dap an D cau 7: Axit stearic: CiHssCOOH Glixerol: CsHs(OH)2 Tristearin: (Ci7H3sC00)sCoHs > Dap an € cau 8: Metyl acrylat: CHe=CHCOOCH3 = COng thie phan tir cia hop chat: C4H.Oz. = LA este khdng no, cé tham gia phan ing cong v6i Br, CH2=CH-COOCHs + Br2 > CHzBr-CHBr-COOCHs ~~ B sai vi este metyl fomat HCOOCHs thud este no, don chite > Dap an B cau: Cong thite phan tir ciia este no, dom chit X: CaHaa02 32 60-= 2 100% =53,33%69n=2 ~ Céng thite phan tir ca X 1a CoH.02 ~ Dap an D cau 10: CayHlgsCOOCH, —CyrHygCOOCH, ——_Cy7HggC OCH, CapHlygCOOCH C17HsCOOCH Cash COOCH CiyHygCOOCH, © CygHa,COOCH §——Cy7HggCOOCH CrsHls,COOCH, ——C4sHlg,COOCH, —_CysHaCOOCH. CisHg COOCH CisHlyyCOOCH CyyHigsCOOCH CysHaiCOOCH, —Cy7HgsCOOCH, =—CygHg,COOCH C6 6 trieste duge tao thank = ap an€ LE DANG KHUONG - NGUYEN XUAN TRUONG 23CHUONG 1: ESTE - LIPIT DANG 2: Tinh chat héa hgc ciia este ¥ Phan dng thiy phan Y ‘Thay phan trong mdi trwdng axit Y Thiy phan trong m6i trong kiém ¥ Phan tng 6 géchidrocachon Y Phan tng cong Phan tng tring hop v Phan tng trang gwong cia este HCOOR’ va mudi HCOONa ¥ Phan tng oxi héa hoan toan * Khi dét chéy este no, don chite, mach hé CHa, +o, —“snco, +nH,0 Neo, =Tyo * Khi d6t chay este Kh4c Mop, >Nyyg BAI TAP MAU 3 Coban Cau 1; Phan tmg thily phan este trong méi tredng kiém dun néng duoc goi la phan tmg A. xa phong héa. B.hidrat hoa. C.swlén men. D.este héa. Hwo6ng dan giai Phan tng thy phan este trong méi truéng kiém dwgc goi la phan ting xa phong héa (SGK 12 co ban - trang 6) Dap anA Cau 2: Khi thiy phan este vinyl axetat trong mdi trudng kim thu duoc nhimg chat gi? A. Natri axetat va ancol vinylic. B. Natri axetat va andehit axetic. C. Natri axetat va ancol etylic. D. Natri axetat va andehit fomic. Huong din giai Este vinyl axetat: CHsCOOCH=CH; CHCOOCH=CH2 + NaOH - CH3COONa + CHsCHO ‘San phdm thu dugc la natri axetat va andehit axetic, Dap anB Cau 3: Khi dun néng chat hiru co X trong KOH thu dug etylen glicol (HO-C:Hs-OH) va mudi kali axetat. Hay lua chon cong thite edu tao ding cia X? A. HCOOC2H.OH. B. (CHsCOO)2C2Ha. ©. (CH3CO0),CH-CH:. D. (HC00),Cati«, Hw6ng dan giai Etyien glicol: HO-C:H«-OH Kali axetat: CHsCOOK = Céng thite chat hitu co'X la (CHsCOO)}2C:Hs. ~ Dap an B 24 LE DANG KHUONG - NGUYEN XUAN TRUONG:CHUONG 1: ESTE - LIPIT Cau 4: Phat bigu nao du6i day la dang? A. Tat cd cdc este phan ting voi NaOH luén thu dugc sin phém cuéi cing la muéi va ancol. B. Khi thily phan chat béo lu6n thu duoc CsHs(OH)2. C. Phan ting thily phan este no trong mdi trudng axit a phan ving mot chiéu, D. Phan tg gitta axit cacboxytic va ancol (H.SO4 dac Ia xtc téc) la phan ting mot chiéu. Hw6ng dan gidi A sai vi este phan ting v6i NaOH thu dugc sin phim gém muéi va ancol/ andehit/xeton, B ding vi chat béo 1a trieste cia glixerol (CsHs(OH);) v6i axit béo. C sai vi phan tng thay phan este no trong mél trudng axit la phan ting thudn nghich. D sai vi phan tng gitta axit cacboxylic va ancol (phan tmg este héa) 18 phan tng thugn nghich, > Dap AnB v Van dung Cau 5: Thay phan este ¥ trong moi truéng kiém thu duoc natri axetat va rugu etylic. Cong thite cia Ya A.CHsCOOCHs. B. CHsCOOCGHs. C. GHsCOOCHs. D. HCOOGsHs. Hwéng dan gidi Y + NaOH > CH,COONa + CoHsOH ~ Gong thife edu tao ctia Y 1a CHsCOOCHs = Dép anB Cau 6: Ta thu duge triolein khi dun néng glixerol véi axit nao sau day? ‘A. CiHssCOOH, B, CH;COOH. ©. CuyHsxCOOH. D. CisHls:COOH. Hwéng dan giai ‘Triolein: (C17Hs3COO)sCsHs = triolein thu dugc khi dun néng glixerol v6i axit oleic (C1vHsxCOOH) ~ Dap an€ Cau 7: Thiy phan este nao sau day thu dugc andehit axetic? A. CHsCOOCIs. B, HCOOCHs. , CHSCOOCH=CH2. D, HCOOCH=CHCHs. Hwéng dan gidi Este thy phan sinh ra andehit > este cd dang RCOOCH=CHR’ + Este thiry phan sinh ra andehit axetic: CHsCHO ~ este c6 dang RCOOCH=CH2. ~ Dap an Cau 8: Cho céc phat biéu sat (a) Chat béo durgc got chung la triglixerit. (b) Dun chét béo voi dung dich NaOH thi thu duoc sin phém cé kha ning héa tan Cu(OH)2. (©) Phan tg thiy phan tristearin trong méi trrdng axit la phan tg m6t chiéu. (@) Chat béo va dau ma béi tron 6 cling thanh phn nguyén t6. (e) Phan tng thay phan chat béo trong méi trudng kiém duoc gol la phan tg x phong héa. S6 phat biéu ding la A.2. B.3, C4 D5. LB DANG KHUONG - NGUYEN XUAN TRUONG 25CHUONG 1: ESTE - LIPIT Huwéng dan giai (a) dting ( SGK 12 co ban - trang 8). (b) diing vi chat béo + NaOH — glixerol CsHis(OH)s. Glixerol c6 kha ning hda tan Cu(OH)2 (©) sai vi phan ting thily phan tristearin trong méi truéng axit 18 phan ting thuan nghich (SGK 12 co ban ~ trang 10). (@) sai vi chat béo la este (chita C, H, 0} con dau m@ bal tron la hidrocacbon (chia C,H). (e) ding (SGK 12 co ban - trang 10). ~ Dap anB Cau 9: Thy phan hén hop X gm etyl fomat va metyl fomat trong dung dich NaOH vita dat thu duge A.hai mudi va motancol. B. mgt mudi va m@t ancol. Chai mudi va hai ancol, D. mgt mudi va hai ancol. Huéng dan g HCOOC;2Hs + NaOH — HCOONa + C2Hs0H. HCOOCiis + NaOH > HCOONa + CH:0H = thu duoc mét mudi va hai ancol, > bap 4nD *Nang cao Cau 10: Chat hitu co X c6 céng thtéc phan tir 1a CsH60,. Khi thiy phan hoan toan X trong KOH thu dugc mét mudi va mot ancol. Cong thitc edu tgo cia X c6 thé a ‘A, HOOC-COOCH=CHCHs. B, HOOC-CH2-COOCH=CH». €.CH,00C-COOCH=CHs. D. HOOC-COOCH:CH=CH>. Hwéng dan giai ‘A: HOOC-COOCH=CHCHs + KOH + KOOC-COOK + CHsCH2CHO B: HOOC-CH,-COOCH=CH2 + KOH > KOOC-CH»-COOK + CHsCHO €: CHs00C-COOCH=CH. + KOH + KOOC-COOK + CH30H+ CHsCHO D: HOOC-COOCH2CH=CH2 + KOH + KOOC-COOK + CHz=CHCH.OH > Dap dn D BAI TAP TU’ LUYEN 1 Caw 1: Bac diém cia phan ding thily phan este no trong méi treéng axit la phan tng: ‘A. khong thuan nghich. B, luén sinh ra ancol, C.xdy ra nhanh 6 nhigt d6 thudng, D, thudn nghich. Cau 2: Khi thiy phan tripanmitin trong NaOH, dun néng thu duge san phém A. CisHa,COOH, CsHs(OH)s. B. CisHatCOONa, CsHs(OH)2. €.CaHasCOONa, C3Hs(OH)s. D.CisHa:COONa, C3Hs(OH)s. Cau 3: Khi thiy phan CHsCOOCsHs trong méj trudng kiém du thi thu duoc A.mot mudi va mdtancol. B. hai mudi va mt ancol. Chai mudi va nuéc. D. hai ancol va née, ‘Cau 4: Tinh chat ha hoc quan trong nhat cla este la A. phan ting tring hop. B. phan ting cong. phan ting thiiy phan. D. phan ting thé. 26 LE DANG KHUONG - NGUYEN XUAN TRUONGCHU'ONG 1: ESTE - LIPIT Cau 5: Hep chat X c6 cong thie phan tir C\HoO2, Khi thiy phan X trong méi trang axit thu dugc etanol. Xa A.etyl fomat. B.etylaxetat. C.etyl propionat. D. metyl axetat. ‘Cau 6: Thiy phan hep chat nao sau day thi thu duge axeton? A. HCOOCH=CH2, B.HCOOCH=CHCHs. C, HCOOC(CHa)=CHs, D. HCOOCH.CHs. ‘Cau 7: Cho cdc phat biéu sau: (a) Caceste thurdng tan nhiéu trong nuréc va ¢6 midi thom. (b) Tat cd céc triglixerit du c6 phan eng cOng Hz (xt, t°). (0) Cac este thuong dure digu ché bang phan tng gita axit cacboxylic v6i ancol (H2804 dc lam xtic t4c). (a) XA phong ha HCOOCH=CH. thu durgc mudi va ancol. (e) Thily phan chat béo tudn thu duge glixerol. $6 phat biéu sai la 3. B.2, ci. D4. Cau 8: Este X khong téc dung voi Na. Khi thay phan X trong NaOH dun néng thu duge glixerol va natri fomat. Cong thite phan tirclia X1a A. CaHioOs. B. CsHis0s. C.CsHioOa D. Cello. Cau 9: Mét este c6 cong thitc phan tir 1a C3HaO2 06 phan ing voi dung dich AgNOs/NHs sinh ra Ag, Céng thitc céu tao cita este a6 1a A. HCOOCHs. B.CH3COOCHs. . GHsCOOH. D. HCOOCsH. Cau 10: Cac dang phan ting voi cong thitc phan tit CeHeOz (c6 chia vong benzen) tac dung vGi NaOH tao ra mudi va ancol 1a AL2. B.3. ca D.6. BAP AN i 2 3 4 5 6 7 & 9 40 B D Cc c B Cc A D a A HUONG DAN GIAI Cau 1: Phan ting thily phan este no trong méi truéng axit & phan ting thugn nghich = Dap 4nB cau 2: Tripanmitin: (CisH21COO}sCsHs (CisHs:C00):CsHHs + 3NaOH ~> 3C,sHosCOONa + CaHls(OH)s = Dap an D cau 3: (CH3COOC«Hs + 2NaQH > CHsCOONa + CcHsONa + H20 San pham gdm hal mudi va née. Bap an Cau 4: Tinh cht héa hoc quan trong nhat cia este la phan img thy phan > Dap anc LE PANG KHUONG - NGUYEN XUAN TRUONG 27CHUONG 1: ESTE - LIPIT Cau 5: Vi thily phan X trong m6i trudng axit thu duge etanol - X cé dang RCOOCaHs Xc6 cOng the phan tit 18 C,Ho02 > Céng thie cdu tao la CHsCOOCaHs: etyl axetat + Dap énB Can 6: HCOOCH=CHiz + NaOH > HCOONa + CHsCHO HCOOCH=CH-CHs + NaOH - HCOONa + CHs-CH-CHO HCOOC(CHs)=CHz + NaQH > HCOONa + (CH:}2CO HCOOCH:CHs + NaOH ~ HCOONa + CHsCH.OH > Dap anc Cau 7: (@) sai vieste rat it tan trong nude. () sai vi cdc trighixerit no (tristearin, tripanmitin) khong 06 phan tng cOng He, (©) duing (SGK 12 co ban - trang 6). (@) sai vi HCOOCH=CH, + NaOH > HCOONa + CHaCHO Co) ding vi chat béo 1a trieste cia glixerol v6i axit béo nén khi thiy phan chat béo luén thu duge glixerol. C6 3 phat higu sai > Dap ana Cau 8; X khong tac dyng voi Na X khong 6 nhém -OH, X+ NaOH > C3His(OH); + HCOONa cau9: C3HeO2 + AGNOs/NH3 > Ag > Este c6 dang HCOOR’ > HCOOC.Hs, > Dapan A cau 10: CeHaO2 (¢6 chita vong benzen) + NaOH ~ mudi + ancol ~ CoHs02 1a hop chat este cé dang RCOOCH2R” (R, R'la H hodc géc hidrocacbon). CssCOOCHs + NaOH — CellsCOONa + CH3OH HCOOCH2CcHs + NaOH > HCOONa + ClfsCH2OH > Dap ana BAITAP Ty LUYEN 2 Cau 4: Este X c6 t khdi hoi so véi oxi la 2.3125 va c6 phan ting trang bac. $6 Ong thite cu ta0.c6 thé cé cla X1a AL Bz. C3. D4, 28 LE DANG KHUONG - NGUYEN XUAN TRUONGCHU‘ONG 1: ESTE - LIPIT Cau 2: Benzyl axetat (CHsCOOCH2CeHs) 1A este khOng déc, cé mbi thom. Mai ciia benzyl axetat 1 A, mii hoa nhai B, mbi hoa hing, C.mbichuéichin. ——_D, mii tao. Cau 3: X 06 cong thite phan tir la CaHeO2 X+H,0 == X, +X, X, +0, > X, +H,0 Cong thie c&u tao ciia X 1a A, HCOOC3Hy. B. CHsCOOCaHs. C. CysCOOCH:. D. CsH/COOH. GAu 4; Cho tat cd cdc @Bng phan don chitc, mach he, c6 cing céng thite phiin tir CoH402 lan lugt tac dung véi Na, NaOH, NaHCOs. Sé phan tng xay ral a2, B.4. C5. D.3. Cau 5: Cho cac este: vinyl axetat, etyl axetat, metyl acrylat, phenyl fomat. $6 este khi tac dung voi NaOH, dun néng thu durgc ancol la Ad. B.2, C3, D4, Cau 6; Thiy phan este X c6 cong thétc phan tir C,H,02 trong NaOH dur, dun néng. Sau khi phan tng x4y ra hoan toan thu dugc phn hoi cita chat hitu co’Y, ¥ khéng tac dung voi Na va khdng tham gia phan tng trang guong. Cong thite cu tao cia X 1a A. HCOOCH=CHCH. B, HCOOC(CHs}=CH2. C.CHsCOOCH=CH2. D. HCOOCH2CH=CH. Cau 7: Khi thiy phan mét este da chitc thu duoc mét axit don chttc RCOOH va mgt ancol hai chéte R’(OH)z. Cong thttc ciia este c6 dang A.(RCOO).R’. B. RCOOR’. C.(ROCO)R. D.R(COOR)}z. Au 8: Khi dét chdy hoan toan m6t este no, don chitc thi sé mol COz sinh ra bang s6 mol O2 4a phan tng. Tén goi cia este la A. metyl fomat. B. etyl axetat. C. propyl axetat. D.mety) axetat. Cau 9: Este 06 dae diém A.s6i & nhigt 6 cao hon axit cacboxylic c6 cing sé cacbon. B. tan t6t trong nwéc va nang hon nuéc. C.c6 mii kha, D. téc dung v6i NaOH (t). (Cau 10: Axit c6 cOng thite cu to: CHs[CHa];CH=CH[CH2]»COOH durge goi 1 A. axit panmitic. B. axit stearic. C.axitoleie. D. axit linoleic. DAP AN Tr z 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 A A B B B B A A D ¢c HUONG DAN GIAI Cau 1: kyo, =23125—> My =2,3135.32=74-> CHO, LE DANG KHUONG - NGUYEN XUAN TRUONG 29CHUONG 1: ESTE - LIPIT X tham gia phan tng trang bac > X cé dang HCOOR’ > HCOOCH:CHs > Dap an cau 2: Benzyl axetat cé mb hoa nhai (SGK 12 co ban trang 5). > Dap ana cau 3: Theo so dd — X: va Xo c6 cling s6 cacbon + X 1& CHsCOOC2Hs CH,COOC,H, +H,0=<"=CH,COOH +C,H,OH C,H,OH +0," 5CH,COOH+H,O 3 Dap anB Cau 4: CaHO2 ¢6 cdc dng phan don chitc la CHsCOOH, HCOOCHs Cac phan tg héa hoc: 2CHsCOOH + 2Na> 2CHsCOONa + Het CH:COOH + NaQH > CHsCOONa + H20 CHsCOOH + NaHCO; + CH;COONa + Cz? + HO HCOOCHs + NaQH —"> HCOONa + CHs0H C6 4 phan ting héa hgc xay ra > Dap anB caus: Vinyl axetat: CHsCOOCH=CH2 + NaQH —> CH2COONa + CHsCHO Etyl axetat: CHsCOOCHs + NaOH —S> CH3COONa + CcHsOH Metyl acrylat: CHz=CHCOOCHs + NaOH —>CHz=CHCOONa + CHs0H Phenyl fomat: HCOOGsHs + 2NaOH —*> HCOONa + CeHs0Na + H20 > C6 2 este Ithi tac dung v6i NaOH dun néng— ancol, ~ Dap anB Cau é: Y khdng tham gia phan ting tréng guong va khdng tae dung voi Na > Ya xeton + X la HCOOC(CHs)=CHe HCOOC(CH)=Cif: + NaOH —\ > HCOONa + (CHs)2CO x Y + Dap 4nB Cau 7: Axit don chitc: RCOOH ‘Ancol hai chtte: R’(OH)2 Este: (RCOO}R’ > ap ana 30 LE DANG KHUONG - NGUYEN XUAN TRUONGCHUNG 1: ESTE - LIPIT caus: Goi céng thitc este no, don chitc, mach hé 1a: CaH2nO2 CH,,0,-+ 0, —5nC0, +nH,0 2 lo, AL * 2 Neo, —>n=2->G,H,0,—>HCOOCH, :metyl fomat > Dap 4n A cau 9: ‘Asai vi este c6 nhiét a9 si thap hon axit cacboxylic ¢6 cing s6 cacbon. Bsai vi este rit it tan trong nuéc, Csai vi este cé mai thom dé chiu. D dting vi este c6 tham gia phan ting thily phan véi NaOH (phan dng xa phng héa). = Dap anD cau 10: CHs{CH:};CH=CH[CHz]/COOH — CTPT 1a C,2H2eCOOH axit panmitic: CistisiCOOH axit stearic: C:7HssCOOH axit oleic: Ci7HsxCOOH axit linoleic: CirHasCOOH > Bap nC Em lam bai kiém tra dwoi day aé ciing cd kién thire nhé BALKIEM TRA Cau 4: Dac diém cia phan tng thy phan este trong mdi treéng kiém 1a ‘A. khOng thuan nghich, B, lu6n sinh ra axit. .thugn nghich. D. xéy ranhanh 6 nhiét d6 thuong. Cau 2: Thy phan este HCOOCH=CH trong KOH, dun néng thu dugc san pham fA A. HCOOH, CH2=CHOH. B. HCOONa, CHsCHO. C.HCOOK, CH:=CHOH. D. HCOOK, CH2CHO. Cau 3: Thy phan hoan toan CefisCOOCaHs trong méi trudng kiém du thi thu duge ‘A. mot mudi va mot ancol. B, hai mudi va mét ancol. Chai mudi va nude. D, métaxit va métancol. Cau 4: Khi thay phén tristearin trong dung djch NaOH ta thu dugc glixerol va A. CisHs:COONa, B. Ci7HasCOONa, €. CiHs3COONA, D. CHsCOONa. cau 5; Este Y c6 cong thire phan ti 1a CsHs0z, Thay phan X trong méi trudng axit thu duge ancol X. Ti kh6i cia X so voi hidro 1a 16. Tén goi cia X18 A. metyl fomat B. etyl fomat. C. metyl axetat. D.etyl axetat. Cau 6: Thily phan este hitu co nao sau day thu duge natri phenolat? A.HCOOCeHs. B. CeHsCOOCHs. C.CHsCOOCH2CeHs. —_D. CeHsCOOH. Cau 7: Triloein tac dung véi chat nao sau day? A. Ho (Ni, te}. B.Na. C.Cu(OH)}:. D. AgNOs/NHz. Cau 8: Khi thily phan chat nao sau day thu duoc san phdm cé phan ing trang bac? A. CHsCOOC(CHs)=CH2. B. CHsCOOCHs. C.HCOOCH3. D, CHsCOOH. LE DANG KHUONG - NGUYEN XUAN TRUONG 31CHUONG 1: ESTE - LIPIT Cau 9: Cho cée phat biéu sau: (@) CHaCOOCH=CH, tring hop tao poli(vinyl axetat). (b) Céng thitc phan tir cha etyl fomat 18 CsHeO2, (©) HCOONa cé tham gia phan tg trang bac. (A) Axit propionic 18 axit béo. (©) Metyl acrylat lam mat mau dung dich brom. S6 phat biéu ding A A.2. B.3. C4. D.S. Cau 10: Cho céc este cé cng thie phan tir 1a C4HeO2. C6 bao nhiéu chat phan tng voi dung dich AgNO3/NHssinh ra Ag? AL2. B.3. C4. DAP AN 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 A D A B c A A c Cc A HUONG DAN GIAL Cau 1: Bac diém cita phan img thiy phan este trong moi truéng kiém 1 khéng thuan nghich, > dap dna Cau 2: HCOOCH=CH, + KOH —“+ HCOOK + CH3CHO > Dap 4nD cau 3: CsHsCOOC2Hs + NaQH ——» CsHsCOONa + C:HsOH > Thu duoc mét mudi va mét ancol > Dap anA Cau 4: Tristearin: (Ci7HssCOO)sCaHs (C:7H3sCO0}3C3Hs + 3NaQH —* > 3Ci7HasCOONa + CsHs(OH)}3. > Dap an B Cau 5: dyin, ote a16 9M, =16,2=32 > X 1a CHOH COng thie phan tir cia Y 1a CsHe02 > Céng thitc cu tao cita ¥ la CHsCOOCHs (metyl axetat)> Dap an C Cau 6: HCOOCéHs + 2NaOH —*> HCOONa + CeHs0Na + H20 CeHsCOOCHs + NaOH —-> CsHsCOONa + CH2OH CHsCOOCH, Cell; + NaOH + CHsCOONa + CoHsCH20H 32 LB DANG KHUONG - NGUYEN XUAN TRUONGCHUONG 4: ESTE - LIPIT CHsCOOH + NaOH —*> CallsCOONa + H20 > Dap ana caw 7: (Cr9HasCOO)sCsHs + 3He —> (Co7HssC00)5C3Hs > Dap and Cau 8: (CH3COOC(CHs)=CH2 +H20 = CH3COOH + CHs-CO-CHs CHsCOOCH: + H20 == CHsCOOH + CHsO0H HCOOCHs + H20 == HCOOH + CH:0H HCOOH cé tham gia phan ting trang bac HCOOH + 2AgNOs + 4NHy + Hz0—"> (NH,):COa + 2Ag + 2NH,NOs = ap an C cau: (a) ding vi ncHycooct=cH, > -{-cH- cH} OoccH; Poli(vinyl axetat) (b) diing vi ety! fomat: HCOOCaHs > cong thie phan tit CoHs02. (0) ating vi HCOONa cé nhém chitc ~CHO nén cé tham gia phan tmg trang bac. (@) sai viaxit béo Ia axit cacboxylic mach cacbon dai (L6C - 24C), kh6ng phan nhnh. (c) ding vi Cliz=CH-COOCHL + Bra > CH2Br-CHBr-COOCHs > C6 4 phat biéu ding > Dap dn cau 10: Chat tham gia phan tng tréng bac: HCOOR’ HCOOCH:CH:CHs HCOOCH(CHs)z = Cé hai chit tham gia phan ting trang ba = Dap nA ¥ Chtic mimng em 44 hoan thanh tot bai luyén tap chwong este — lipit ¥ Dw6i day Ia bai kiém tra téng hop DE KIEM TRA TONG HOP Cau 4: Hop chat nao sau day 1 este? A.HCOOCHs. B. HOOCCaHs. ©. CsH/COONHs. D. HCOOH, Cau 2: Cho cic phat biéu sau: (a) Dun s6i hén hgp etanol, axit axetic va H2SOs ta thu duge etyl axetat. (b) Vinyl axetat lam mat mau dung dich brom 6 diéu kign thong. (©) Isoamy! axetat c6 mii chuéi chin. (@) Hidro héa triolein thu duge tristearin. (e) Khi thy phan chat béo thu duoc etanol va axit béo. (0 Khi thay thé H cla nhém cacboxyl bang géc R’ cita ancol ta thu dugc este. S6 phat biéu dingla 3, B.4, C5. D.2. LB DANG KHUONG - NGUYEN XUAN TRUONG 33CHU'ONG 1: ESTE - LIPIT Cau 3: Phan ting ciia dung dich ki8m v6i chat béo duge goi a A.xa phong héa. B. cracking. C.hidro héa. D.este héa, Cau 4: BE cé bo tir chit béo ling ta phai A. hidro héa axit béo, B. hidro héa chat béo lang. C.dB hidro héa chat béo long. D, xa phong héa chat béo long. Cau 5: Thay phan chat nao sau day trong KOH thu durgc mét mudi va hai ancol? A. CH300C-COOC2Hs. B. HCOOCH2COOH. €.CHsCOOCHs. D. CollsCOOCHs. Cau 6: Este X c6 céng thite phan tila CeHo02. Thiyy phan hoan toan X trong NaOH thu duoc dung dich ¥ chtia hai cht du c6 kha nang tham gia phan ting trang gong. Cong thitc cau tao cita XI ‘A. CHz=CHCOOCHS. B. HCOOCH2CH=CHe. C. CHsCOOCH=CHa, D. HCOOCH=CH-CHs. Cau 7; Naan dinh nao sau day la sai? A. Este tan rat it trong nwéc. B.Cho etyl axetat vao NaOH du, dun néng, khudy d&u thu duge dung dich dng nhat. ©. Mety! fomat tac dung voi AgNOs/Nils sinh ra Ag. D. Hop chat este luén cé nguyén tN. Cau 8: Chat nao sau day c6 kha nang tham gia phan éing cng Hz (Ni,t9)? A.axit panmitic. B. tristearin. C.axit stearic. D.triolein. Cau 9: Este nao sau day Ia este da chttc? A.(HC00)2CoH4s. B, (HOOC)CoHs. C.CoHs(OH)s. D. (COOH)2. Cau 10: Este nio sau day tac dung voi NaOH theo tilé 1:2? A-etyl fomat. B. phenyl fomat, C.tripanmitin, D. metyl benzoat. Cau 11: Cho céc phat biéu sau (a) Cho dau an vio nude, lac déu thu duge dung dich dng nhat. (b) Chat béo ran chita chu yéu cdc g6c axit béo no, (©) Triolein 1am mat mau dung dich brom. (d) Khi dét chay este no, don chirc, mach hé thu duge s6 mol CO2 bang sé mol H20. $6 phat biéu ding la Al, BL, C3, D4, Cau 12: Este X don chite ¢6 ti khéi so voi hidro bang 43. Thiy phan X trong NaOH thu duoc mudi ¥ va chat hiku co Z. Chat Z tac dung véi CuO (te) thu duoc khf T (cé tham gia phan (rng tréng bac). Cong thiee cu tao cita X18 A.HCOOCH. B.CHsCOOCH=CHt. €.CHz=CHCOOCHs. D. HCOOCH=CHCH:. Cu 13: Digu ndo sau day Khéng ding véi CHsCOOCH=CH:? A. La este khéng no, don chéte mach hé c6 cong thite tong quat la CxHon202 (123). B.Buoc digu ché truc tigp tir ancol va axit twong tng. 34 LE DANG KHUONG - NGUYEN XUAN TRUONGCHUONG 1: ESTE - LIPIT C, Xa phdng héa cho san phdm la mu6i va andehit. D, Tham gia phan tg tring hop tao thanh polime. Cau 44: Thiy phén este X trong méi trudng kiém thu duge natri axetat va ancol isopropylic. Cong thitc cau tao cia X la ‘A. CHsCOOCH(CH3)z. B. CHsCOOCH2CH:CH. C. HCOOCH(CH®)2. D, HCOOCH:CHaCHs. Cau 15: Chon nhan xét ding? A, Nhigt €6 s6i cita CHsCOOCaHs < CsHCOOH < ColHrOH. B. Triolein 1a chat béo long. €. Phan tg x2 phong héa este la phan ing thuan nghjch. D. Chat béo ran khdng tan trong nuéc va nang hon nwéc. CAu 16: S6 dng phan mach he céc chat tong v6i cng thtte phan tly CsH,02 2 A2 B.3. C4, D.S. Cau 17: Cho phan tng héa hoe: aCsHs02 + bO2 > cCO2 + dH.0 (a, b, ¢, d 1a s6 nguyén t6i gidn). Téng a +b bing AS. B.6. G7. D8. Cau 18: Cho hop chat Y c6 cong thétc phan tira C.Hs02. Thy hién cdc phan img héa hoc sau: Y+NaOH “> Ai+Ag Aa + CuO —"> xeton + Cu + H20 Céng thitc edu tao cia ¥ 1a A, HCOOCHCHaCHs. B.CHCOOCLHs. €. CoHsCOOCHs, D. HCOOCH(CHs)2. Cau 19: C6 thé phan biét HCOOCzH; véi CHsCOOCH; bing ALNa. B. NaOH. C.AgNOs/NHs. D.NaCl. Cu 20: Chat nao sau day la chat béo? A.CoHs(OCOCsHo)s. B. CaHs(COOCisHa1)2. ©. CsHs(OCOC:sHs:)3. D, CsHs(COOCy H33)s. DAP AN 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 & 9 10 A B A A A D. D D A B a1 [a2 [43 | 44 | as [16 | 47 | 48 [19 [20 c c B A B D B D Cc c HU'ONG DAN GIAL cant: Este cé dang RCOOR’ trong a6 R’ Ia g6c hidrocacbon. > Dap anA cau 2: (a) dang C,H,OH+CH,COOH =" CH,COOC,H, +H,0 Etyl axetat (b) ding CH,COOCH = CH, +Br,——> CH,COOCHBr—CH,Br LB BANG KHUONG - NGUYEN XUAN TRUONG 35CHUONG 1; ESTE - LIPIT (0) diing (SGK 12 co ban trang 5). (A) ding (SGK 12 co ban trang 10). {e) sai vi khi thay phan chat béo thu duge glixerol va axit béo, (0) sal vi khi thay thé -OH cita nhém cacboxyl bang nhém -OR’ ta thu dugceste. > Cé 4 phat biéu dung > Dap an B Cau 3: Phan ting ciia dung dich ki8m véi chat béo dugc goi la phan ting xa phong hoa, > DapanA Cau & é cé bo tir chat béo ling ta phai hidro héa chat béo long (CH,,C00), C,H, +3H, "> (C,,H,,CO0), C,H, Chat béo lang chat béo ran ~ Dap an A Cau 5: CHs00C-COOG:Hs + 2KOH—*-+ (COOK): + CHsOH + C:HsOH HCOOCH,COOH + 2KOH—* > HCOOK + HO-CH:-COOK + H20 CH3COOC:Hs + KOH > CHsCOOK + CrHsOH CzHsCOOCHs + KOH CoHsCOOK + CH30H ~ Dap an A cau 6: VLY chita hai chat 4@u cé kha nang tham gia phan ing voi AgNOs/NHs nén Y chita mudi cia axit fomic va andehit + Cong thre edu tao tia X: HCOOCH=CH-CHs HCOOCH=CH-CH; + NaOH —"-> HCOONa + CHCH2CHO HCOONa + 2AgNO3 + 3NH3 + HzO» NH,OOCONa + 2Agl + 2NH,NOp CHsCHzCHO + 2AgNOs + 3NHa + H20—" > CHsCH-COONHs + 2Ag! + 2NHsNOs ~ Dap an D Cau 7: Adding (SKG 12 co ban trang 4). B ding CHsCOOCHs + NaQH “> CHsCOONa + C:H;0H Cdting HCOOCHs + 2AgNOs + 3NHs + H20—» CH;0COONHs + 2Ag + 2NHaNO> Dai vi hop chat este khéng nhdt thiét phai cé nguyen t6 N. = Dap nD caus: Axit panmitic, tristearin, axit stearic 1A cac hop chit hifu co no nén khéng tham gla phan émg cong He (CypH,COO), CH, +3H, "> (C,,HysCO0), C,H, triolein tristearin > pap anD 36 LE DANG KHUONG - NGUYEN XUAN TRUONGCHUONG 1: ESTE - LIPIT cau 9: B, Da axit da chite, Cl ancol da chite. Ala este da chic. > Dap an A cau 10: Etyl fomat; HCOOCzHs + NaQH—"-> HCOONa + C2HsOH Phenyl fomat: HCOOGsHs + 2Na0H "+ HCOONa + CsHsONa + H20 Tripanmitin: (CisHs1COO)sCsHs + 3NaQH "> 3CisHs1COONa + CaHs(OH)s Metyl benzoat: CoHsCOOCH3 + NaQH—*-+ CcHsCOONa + CH;0H = Bap an B cau dt: (a) sai vi diu an khéng tan trong nuéc. (b) ding (SGK 12 co ban trang 9). (c) ding vi triotein la chat béo khéng no nén c6 tham gia phan ting cong voi Brz (Cx7Hs3COO)3C3Hs + 3Br2 > (Ci7HsgBr2COO)3CaHs (d) ding C,H,,0, +820," onc0, +nH,0 ~ C63 phat bigu ding. + Dap anc cau 12: jy, =43-9M, = 43.2=86 > X:C,H,0, > loai A. Z téc dung v6i Cud (t+) thu duoc khf T (c6 tham gia phan tg tréng bac) > TA andehit + Z la ancol b3e 1 + loai B, D. CHz=CHCOOCHs + NaQH "> CHo=CHCOONa + CH:OH CH3OH + Cu0—-» HCHO + Cu+ H20 HCHO + 44gNOs + 6NHs + 2H20—!-> (NHz)2CO3 + 4Ag J + 4NHsNOs > Dap nC Cau 13: A ding, CHsCOOCH=CHL Ia este khdng no, don chic, mach hé c6 CTPT la CeHsO2 (n=4). B sai vi CHsCOOCH=CH, khong duoc digu ché tir axit va ancol tuong tmg. Cdiing. CHsCOOCH=CHz + NaH—*-> CHsCOONa + CHsCHO “ Daddng —nct,cooct=ci, “P+ -LcH- CHa} OoccHs > Dap an B Cau 14: X +NaOH—-» CHjCOONa + (CH3),CH-OH, > X: CHaCOOCH(CHs)2 ~ bap an LE BANG KHUONG - NGUYEN XUAN TRUONG 37CHUONG 1: ESTE - LIPIT cau 15: Asai vi nhiét d9 sdi cita axit 16n hon ancol (cing sé cacbon). B ding vi axit oleic la axit khéng no nén triolein 1a chat béo long. Csai vi phan tng xa phong héa este la phan tng mét chiéu (kh6ng thuan nghich). Dai vi chat béo nhe hon nude, > Dap anB cau 16: CoHtg02 06 k= 24 a1 6 1lién két trong phan ti Este no, don chire mach ho: HCOOCH:CHs, CHsCOOCHs. Axitno, don chite mach héz CzHsCOOH. Hop chat tap chitc: HO-CH2 ~CH2-CHO, CHs-CH(OH)-CHO. ~ C65 ding phan Dap dnD cau 17: C,H,0, +50,» 4C0, +4H,0 atb=1+5=6. > Dap anB cau 18: Aa + CuO —“> xeton + Cu +H20 Az] ancol bac 2 A,B, C khi thiiy phan sinh ra ancol bac 1 HCOOCH2CH2CHs + NaQH > HCOONa + CHsCH2CH20H CHCOOGeHs + NaOH» CH;COONa + CoHs0H GrHIsCOOCH + NaOH —""-> GzHsCOONa + CHjOH HCOOCH(CHs)2 + NaOH “> HCOONa + (CHs):CH-OH (CH:).CH-OH + Cu0—" > (CHs)2C=0 + Cu + H.0 > Dap anD cau 49: Ding AgNOs/NHs dé phan biét HCOOC:Hs va CHsCOOCHs HCOOCiHs + 2AgNOs + 3NH + HO —" > CzHsOCOONH; + 2Ag 1+ 2NH«NOs > Pap dnc cau 20; Chat béo 18 trieste ciia glixerol va axit béo > Dap an 38 LE DANG KHUONG - NGUYEN XUAN TRUONGCHUONG 2: CACBOHIDRAT CHU ONG 2: CACBOHIDRAT ‘agape one ye yap Bee 3 Tea“ DosAT | RETRO aT mmapaipdewos | remone-que9 aut vo woHow | osatHoITDH PtH ‘aeopni on opaameg "ava apn ana pom Tagy Fam GEEK (qea9es -aHxm49) LVaGIHOsV) (ost=w“0"H'D) ee aN it p0ryoer" ori eo TET aaa RARRTUTTET TTR agp epmcrou a NEOONS aaa Tae Tea 2 THe Fro 19 2207S aro waar hen seen ony 39 LE DANG KHUONG - NGUYEN XUAN TRUGNGCHUONG 2: CACBOHIDRAT LY TRUYET Cacbohidrat la nhimg hop chat tap chitc va thudng c6 cng thie chung la Cu(H20), Ve cu tao, cacbohidrat la nhi¢ng hop chat polihidroxicacbonyl va din xuat cita chting, 40 Y Monosaccarit: ia nhém cacbohidrat don gian nhdt, khong thé thiy phan duge hur glucozo va fructozo, » Disaccarit la nhom cacbohidrat ma khi thy phan mdi phan té sinh ra hai phan tie monosaccarit nhw saccarozo va mantozo. Y Polisaccarit 18 nhém cacbohidrat phitc tap, khi thily phan dén ciing méi phan tir sinh ra nhiéu phan ti monosaccarit nhu tinh bét va xenluloze, 1. MONOSACCARIT (CcH120c, M = 180) . GLUCOZO: © Cau trie: ¥ Cu tric mach hé: HOCH2[CHOH],CH=0 © Cau trac mach vong 6 canh: dang a-giucozo va -glucozo, ¥ Glucozo ton tai chu yéu & hai dang mach vang. + Trang thai tw nhién, tinh chat vat ly: h chat vat If: Chat rn, tinh thé khdng mau, dé tan trong mdc, ¢6 vi ngot (kém hon dwong mia). © Trang thai ty nhién: Qua chin (nho), mat ong (=30%), mau (+0,1%). + Tinh chat héa hoc: andehit don chirc va ancol da chirc (poliancol) vv Tinh chat ctta poliancol: ‘Tac dung véi dong(Il) hidroxit: Cu(OH)2 2CoHr2O6 + Cu{OH)2~ (ColHi:0s)2Cu (aoniany + 220 — Két tia Cu(OH)2 tan va dung dich ¢6 mu xanh lam. ~ Ching minh trong phan tir glucozo c6 nhiéu nhém hidroxyl (-OH). t= Tac dung véi anhidrit axetic: (CH3CO),0 CeH1/0(OH)s + 5(CH3C0):0 + Colf/O(OOCCHG)s + SCHsCOOH. ~ Chirng minh trong phan tit glucozo cé 5 nhém hidroxyl (-OH). ¥ Tinh chat cia andehit: > Tinh Khir: = Téc dung véi dung dich AgNOs/NHs (trang bac): HOCHs[CHOH],CH=0 + 2AgNO; + 3NHs + H2O —*> ~ HOCHe[CHOH],COONHs + 2AgL + 2NHANOs Amoni gluconat 1% Téc dung v6i Cu(OH}:/NaOH, t=: HOCH2[CHOH].CH=0 + 2Cu(Ot1}: + NaOH > + HOCH;{CHOH],COONa + CuO + 3H20 6 gach, % Téc dung véi dung dich Bro: HOCH:[CHOH]sCH=0 + Brz + H20 -» HOCH;[CHOH],COOH + 2HBr nau dd axit gluconic (khong mau) LB BANG KHUONG - NGUYEN XUAN TRUONGCHUONG 2: CACBOHIBRAT. Ching minh trong phan tir c6 chia nhém andehit (-CHO). Tinh oxi héa: Tac dung v6i He/Ni, CsHi,0sCH=0 + Hz —Y > CsHi10sCH2-OH Sobitol Phan eng léa men: CoHli20e —2%2—> 2C:Hs0H + 26021 ware v Tinh chat riéng cia edu tric mach ving: OH hemiaxetal HO x OH 0._oH HCI khan 0. _OCH3 +CH3QH ————> +H,0 HO ‘oH HO oH OH OH © Diéu ché - eng dung DidU ChE: (CellyoOs), + nlizO "> nCeFly206 ‘Tinh bgt hoe xenlulozo o Ung dung: « Lam thuéc ting luc cho moi lira tudi. # Trang guong rudt phich, sin xuat ancol etylic. 2, FRUCTOZO’ ¥ Cau tric; % Céu trite mach hé; CH,OH[CHOH];CCH,0H oO ® Cau trie mach vong: > Dang ving 5 hoc 6 canh c-fructozo va B-fructozo’. > Chi yéu 6 dang B-fructozc, > O dang tinh thé, ton tai dang B-fructozo vong 5 canh. ¥ Tinh chat vat ly: ¥ Kéttinh, dé tan trong née, vi ngot hon dong mia. ¥ Nhidu trong qua ngot nhwr dita, xoai; @ac bigt mat ong (=40%). ¥ Tinh chat héa hoc: ¥ Tinh chit ctia poliancol: 2CoHi206 + Cu(OH}2 — (CoHts106)2Cu teanhtamy + 2H2O v Phan ng trong moi truéng kiém: Fructozo —“— Glucozo” ~ Fructozo’¢6 nhiing tinh chat sau eiia glucozo: > Tham gia phan tg trang bac. > Tac dung v6i He (Ni, te) > Sobitol. > Téc dung véi Cu(OH}2/NaOH, © > Cuz0 J (46 gach). — Khéng tac dung véi dung dich Brz (dung dich Bro co méi trudng axit nén khong 6 sv chuyén héa gitta glucoze va fractozo). LE DANG KHUONG - NGUYEN XUAN TRUONG 41CHU‘ONG 2: CACBOHIDRAT > Lwu y: Nhan biét glucoze va fructoze bang dung dich née brom. “H. DISACCARIT (Ci2H22011, M = 324) 1. SACCAROZO’ + Tinh chat vat li va trang thai ty nhién > Tinh chat vatly: Két tinh, khong mau, khong mui, c6 vj ngot, tan tét trong nude. > Trang thai ty nhién: c6 nhiéu trong cay mia, cit cdl dudng va hoa thét nt. + Géu trée phan tir Gc a-glucozo lign két voi gc B-fructozo bing lién két 1,2-glicozit. Chicé cic nhém -OH, khéng ¢6 nhém CH=0 + Tinh chit héa hoc 2 Phan ting voi déng(H) hidroxit Cu(OH)2 2Cr2Hax01s + CulOH)2 — (CrzH210n)2Cu caanhiamy + 2H20 vs Phan ting thity pha Cr2HHa20:1 + H20 4 > CeHi205 + Cebla20s Saccaroze glucoze fructoza + Ung dung - sin xudt ¥ Dang trong cng nghiép thu phém: lam banh keo, nude giai khat, 48 hép. Ding trong céng nghiép duc phim: pha ché thude. v Digu ché glucozo va fructozo’ dé trang rudt phich, trang guong. v San suit saccarozo tir cay mia. 2, MANTOZO ¥ Cau tric v Dang phan cia saccarozo. ¥ Tinh thé: 2 géc a-glucoze lién két voi nhau bang lién két a-1,4-glicozit. ¥ Trong dung dich: mé vong tao nhém CH=0, cé nhiéu nhém -OH. Y Tinh chat héa hoc >» Phan tng cita ancol da chitc (poliancol) 2Ci2H22011 + Cu(OH)z — (Ci2H21015)2Cu (cant tam) + 2H20_ vs Phan tng ciia andehit ‘Tac dung voi dung dich AgNOs/NHs (trang bac): CisHasOs0CH=0+ 2AgNOs+3NH3+H20 —* > Cs: Hz1010COONHs+ 2AgI+2NHsNO3 ‘Tac dung voi dung dich Cu(OH)2/NaOH, t: (CisHa10,eCH=0 + 2Cu(OH)2 + NaQH > CisH21O10COONa + CuO 1 +3H20 2s Phan ieng thity phan Ci2Ha20a1 + HO BS» 2CeHi206 Mantoz glucozo Y Didu ché ‘Thay ph4n tinh bét nho enzim amilaza chuyén héa trong co thé: 42 LB DANG KHUONG - NGUYEN XUAN TRUONGCHUGNG 2: CACBOHIDRAT (CsH100s)n —29—> Dextrin ——“4—>» Mantozo —42—> Glucozo amas Frais Glucozo ==> Glicogen Uli, POLISACCARIT (CeH100s)n, M = 162n 1. TINH BOT & Tinh chat vat ly ¥ Chat rin, & dang bot vé din hinh, mau ting, khOng tan trong nuéc lanh. ¥ Trong nuréc néng, tinh bot chuyén sang dung dich keo go! 1a hd tinh bot. Cau trie > Amilozo: khéng phan nhanh, xoan Iai. Gdm céc a-glucozo lién két voi nhau bang lién két a > Amilopectin: phan nhanh, Gdm céc a-glucozo lién két vGi nhau bang lién két a~ o-1,6-glicozit. Tinh chat hoa hoc Phin ing thiy phan (Cetl:0s)y + nH20 E> nCeHizOs % Phan img mau v6i dung dich Je Tinh bot —*-» mau xanh tim —>» mat mau > mau xanh tim. Sy tao thanh tinh bt (phan ting quang hop): 6nCO2 + Sntlz0 > (Cetisa0s)n + 602 t 2. XENLULOZO’ > Tinh cht vat li, trang thai ty nhién ¥ Chat ran dang soi, mau trang. ¥ KhOng tan trong nu6c va trong cdc dung méi hitu co nh ete, ancol,..nhung tan trong nuéc Svayde (dung dich Cu(OH), hda tan trong NH). ¥ Cé trong bong nén (98%), 26 (40-50%), daynu > Cau trite phan tir Khong phaila d@ng phan cia tinh bot. Gdm céc géc B-glucoze lién két voi nhau bang lién két -1,4-glicozit, Mach khéng phan nhanh, khong xodn. > Tinh chat héa hoc ° Phan dng thay phan (CeHlioOs), + nH20 "> nCeHi206 % Phan tng cia ancol da chic (poliancol) [Cel1,02(OH)s}n +3NHNOs¢) 89+ (CH /0z(ONO2)}a]a + 3nH20 xenluloze trinitrat sii /A-glucozit va Lé DANG KHUONG - NGUYEN XUAN TRUONG 43CHUONG 2: CACBOHIDRAT {CoH1,0:(OH)s]n+ 3n(CHsCO):0 — [CeH;02(00CCHs):]n + 3nCHsCOOH anhidritaxetic te axetat Xenlulozo + ($2 + NaOH > To viseo > Ung dung ‘v San xudt vat ligu xy dung, 4 diing gia dinh, -¥ Soi, to, gidy viét, bao bi, thuée sting. y Nguyen ligu san xudt etanol. CAC DANG BAI TAP LY THUYET BAL TAP MAU wo ban Cu 4: Trong phan tik ctia fructozo cé bao nhiéu nhém hidroxyl (-OH)? AS. B.2. £3, D4, Huong dan giat Fructozo: CH,OH[CHOH];¢CH20H oO ~ Trong phan tir fructozo cé 5 nhém hidroxyl. > Dap An A Cau 2: Mét phan tt saccarozo cd . MGt g6c B-glucozo va mot gc B-fructoze. B.M6t géc B-glucoze va m6t géc a-fructozo, C. Hai gc a-glucozo. D, MGt géc a-glucozo va mét gic B-fructoze. Hwéng dan giai D ding (SGK 12 nang cao ~ trang 34). > Bap dn D Cau 3: Chat X c6 cde dic diém sau: phan tir cé nhiéu nhém -OH, cé vj ngot, hoa tan Cu(OH)z & nhiét 46 thurdng, phan ti 6 lién két glicozit, Jam mat mau nuéc brom. Chat Xa A.xenluloze. B, mantozo. C.glucozo, D. saccarozo, Hwéng dan giai ¥ Xhda tan duge Cu(OH)2 & nhiét dd throng > X khng phai xenlulozo. > Loai A Y ViX c6 lién két glicozit ~ X Ia disaccarit. = Loai C. ¥ X lam mat mau dung djch nuéc Br: > X c6 nhém CH=0 ~ X 1a mantozo. > Dap an B Cau 4: C6 méts6 nhan xét vé cacbohidrat nh sau: (1) Sacearozg, tinh bét va xenluloze déu cé thé bj thuy phan. 44 LE DANG KHUONG - NGUYEN XUAN TRUONGCHUONG 2: CACBOHIDRAT (2) Glucozo, fructozo, saccaroze déu téc dung duge voi Cu(OH)2 va c6 kha ning tham gia phan ing trang bac. (3) Tinh bét va xenlulozor1a déng phan edu to cia mhau, (4) Phan tir xenluloze dugc cu tao béi nhidu g6c B-glucoza, (5) Thuy phan tinh b6t trong moi truéng axit sinh ra fructozo. Trong cac nhfn xét trén, sé nhan xét diing la A, BA, 63. D.5. fiw Gag din gidi (1) daingvi saccarozo la disaccarit tinh bot va xenluloze la polisaccarit = Céc chat nay déu c6 kha nang tham gia phan ting thily phan, (2) sai vi saccarozo khéng c6 kha ming tham gia phan tg trang bac. (3) sat vitinh bét: (Cellos) Xenlulozo: (CéH1002)n n¥ m— khéng phai dong phan cia nhau (4) ding vi (SGK 12 nang cao — trang 46) (SCK 12 co bin - trang 32). (5) sai vi khi thay phan tinh b6t tao ra glucozo > S6 nhan xét ding La: 2. > ap ana au 5: Cacbohidrat nhdt thiét phai chia nhém chite cla Avancol. B.xeton, amin, D.andehit. Huong dan giai Cacbohidrat la nhiing hop chat polihidroxicacbonyl va din xuat cita chiing. ~ Phan tir phai chita nhém hidoxyl (-O#f )- nhém chtte cita ancol, > Dap an Cau 6: Glucozo va mantozo déu khOng thuge loai A. monosaccarit. B, dissaccarit, C. polisaccarit. D. cacbohidrat, Hu6ng dan giai Glucoze la cacbohidrat, thuéc loai monosaccarit. Mantozo Li cacbohidrat, thude loai disaccarit. = Glucozo va mantozo déu khéng thugc logi polisaccarit. > Dap anc v Van dung (Cau 7: Khang djnh nao sau day vé amilopectin 1a ding? A. Mach phan tir khong phan nhdnh va phan tirkh6i khoang 200.000 dvc. B. Mach phan tiv khong phan nhanh va phan ttr kh6i khodng 1.000.000 avC. . Mach phan tir phan nhanh va phan tir kh6i khong 1.000.000 dvc. 1D. Mach phan tir phan nhénh va phan tir kh6i vao khoang 200.000 ave. Huong dan gia Amilopectin o6 céu tric mach phan nhdnh va c6 kh6i lung phan tir vao khoang 1.000.000 dv€ dén 2.000.000 avC (SGK 12 corbin trang 29), = Dap inD LE BANG KHUONG - NGUYEN XUAN TRUONG 45CHUNG 2: CACBOHIDRAT ‘Cau 8: Gluxit (cacbohidrat) chi chita hai g6c glucozo trong phan tit 8 Assaccaroze. B.tinh bét. .mantozo. Dxenlulozo. Huong din A sai vi saccaroze chita g6c a-glucozo va gic B-fructozo. B sai vi tinh b6t chtta rat nhiéu géc a-glucozo. € ding vi mantozo chita hai gc o-glucozo. D sai vi xelulozo chtta rat nhiéu géc B-glucozo. — Dap an C Cau 9: Cacbohidrat nao sau day thudc loai disaccarit? A. Amiloze. B. Saccaroze. C.Glucoze. D. Xenluloze. Huéng dan giai A sai vi amilozo la cdu tric cia tinh bét thudc loai polisaccarit. B diing vi saccarozo la disaccarit, C sai vi glucozo la monosaccarit. D sai vi xenlulozo la polisaccarit. > Dap An B Cau 10; Glucoze va fructozo du A. o6 cng thite phan ttr CsthioOs- B. c6 phan ting trang bac. C. thudc loai disaccarit. D. c6 nhém ~CH=0 trong phan tt, Huéng dan giai Asai vi glucoze va fructozo la dong phan va cing c6 cong thite phan tila CeHs205. Badung Y Glucoze cé nhOm ~CHO trong phan tir nén cé phan ting trang bac C,H,,0,CHO+ 2AgNO, + 3NH, + H,O —* > C,H,,0,COONH, + 24g 4+ 2NH,NO, ¥ Fructozo khéng cé nhém ~CHO nhung vin cé phan ting trang bac 1a do trong mot truéng NH; (moi tru’ng baz) c6 sy chuyén héa Fructozr <2 Glucoze C sai vi glucozo va fructozo déu thuge logi monosaccarit. D sai vi glucozo cé nhém chitc andehit (-CH=0) trong phan tit. fructozo’cé nhém chite xeton trong phan tir. > Dap anB BAL TAP TU LUYEN C4u 1: Cacbohidrat c6 nhiéu nhét trong qua nho chin la A. glucozo. B. fructoze. C.saccarozo. D. mantozo. Cau 2: Glucozo khong thudc loai A. monosaccarit, B. cacbohidrat. C. hop chit tap chtte. D. disaccarit. ‘Cau 3. Nhgn xét khong ding v8 tinh chat vat clla saccarozo la A. chat ran két tinh. B. khéng mau. C. khong mii. D, khong tan trong nuréc. 46 LE DANG KHUONG - NGUYEN XUAN TRUONGCHUONG 2: CACBOHIDRAT Céu 4: Chon phat biéu ding A. Xenlulozo Ia chat rén dang sgi, mau trang, khong c6 mii vi. B.Xenlulozo tan nhiBu trong nuvéc, €,Tinh bétthuGcloai disaccarit, D, Glucozo va fructozo’khéng la dng phan cia nbau, Cau 5: Trong céc nh§n xét dui day, nhgn xét nao ding? A. Tat c cdc chat c6 cong thitc dang Ca(H20)m d@u la cacbohidrat, B, Tat ca céc cacbohidrat déu cé cng thitc chung Ia Cx(H20}m- €. Cacbohidrat thudng c6 céng thitc chung la Cx(H20) D. Glucozo c6 cong thite phan ti 18 Ci2Hz20u. (Cau 6: Trong phan ti fructozo cé nhém chite cha A.xeton, B, andehit. Gaxit D. este. Cau 7: Trong cic nhan xét duéi day, nhan xét nao Khong ding? A.Xenlulozo va tinh bét 6 cing céng thie don gidn nha B. Xenlulozo va tinh bt c6 cing cong thiee phan tit. €.Glucozo va fructozo la dng phan cita nhau. D. Saccarozo gim mét géc a-glucozo’ va mot géc f-fructozo lién két voi nhau qua nguyén thr oxi, Cu 8: Gitta saccaroze va glucozo c6 dic diém chung la A. du c6 vi nggt. B. cé nhigu trong duéng mia. C.tan it trong nue. D.c6 nh6m chttc andehit trong phan tit. Cau 9; Chon phat biéu ding trong cdc phat biéu sau? A, Tinh bét la chat ran, tan tét trong nude. B. Xenlulozo va tinh bét la ABng phan ciia nhau. €. Xenlulozo tan tot trong céc dung mdi hitu co. D, Trong gao cé khoang 80% tinh bét. C4u 10; Trong qué trinh san xudt dwéng, ngudi ta sir dung héa chit nao sau day dé tay tring duong? A.Nuéc Gia-ven. B. Khi Clo. ©. Khisunfuro. D, Clorua vai. pAP AN 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 A D D A Cc A B A D ¢ HUONG DAN GIAI cau dl: Cacbohidrat cé nhigu nhat trong qua nho chin IA glucozo (SGK 12 co ban - trang 21). + Dap an A cau 2: Glucozo 1a cacbohidrat thugc logi monosaccarit, hgp chat tap chite. (SGK 12 co ban - trang 20). dap énD LE DANG KHUONG - NGUYEN XUAN TRUONG 47CHUONG 2: CACBOHIDRAT Cau 3: A,B, C diing (SGK 12 co ban - trang 27). D sai vi saccarozo tan t6t trong nude. = Dap nD cau 4: A ding (SGK 12 co ban - trang 32). 4B sai (SGK 12 oo ban - trang 32). C sai vi tinh bt thudc loai polisaccarit. D sai vi glucozo va fructozo la ding phan cia nhau, = Bap an A Cau 5: Cacbohidrat la nhimg hyp chat tap chitc va throng c6 cong thitc chung 1a Ca(H20)m Glucozo cé céng thitc phan tira CeH:20c. = Dap an an 6: Fructozo: GHon[cHOH,EcHon ~ Trong phan tir fructozo c6 nhém chitc cia xeton. = ap ana cau: Adding vi xenlulozo va tinh bét 6 cling cng thirc don gian nhat 18 CeHioOs. B sai vi xenlulozo va tinh bét c6 cling céng thire don gian nhat (CeHi00s) nhumg khac nhau céng thtte phan tit. € dting (SGK 12 co ban trang 24). D diing (SGK 12 co ban - trang 27). + Dap anB cau 8: A diing (SGK 12 co ban - trang 21, 27). B sai vi glucozo cé nhiéu trong qua nho chin. C sai vi saccarozo va glucoze déu dé tan trong née, Dai vi saccarozo khéng cé nhom chit cita andehit trong phan ti. Dap ana cau 9: Asai vi tinh bét khéng tan trong nudéc (SGK 12 co ban trang 29). B sai vi xenlulozo va tinh bot khéng phai la dng phan cia nhau. C sai vi xenlulozo khdng tan trong cdc dung mdi hitu co’ thong thuong, D ding (SGK 12 nang cao ~ trang 40). > Dap anD Cau 10: Nguoi ta si dung khi sunfuro dé lam trang duong (SGK 12 co ban ~ trang 28). > Dap an € 48 LE DANG KHUGNG - NGUYEN XUAN TRUONGCHUONG 2: CACBOHIDRAT Em lam kiém tra du6i day dé ciing cé kin thive nhé! DE KIEM TRA ‘Caw 1: Saccarozo va fructozo du thugc loai A, monosaccarit. B. disaccarit. C. polisaccarit. D.cacbohidrat. ‘Cau 2: Loai thyc phim khéng chita nhiéu saccarozo la A. duong phen. B. mat ong. c. mat mia. D, dong kinh. Cau 3: Chat Ih6ng tan trong nuéc lanh la A. glucozc. B, saccarozo. C. tinh bot. D. fructozo. Cau 4: Chat long hda tan doe xenluloze la A. benzen. Bete. Getanol. D, nuréc Svayde. Cau 5: Chat nao sau day 1a ddng phan cla fructozo’? A. glucozo. B. xenlulozo. C. mantozo. D, sobitol. Cau 6; Ung dung nao sau day khéng phai la ting dung cia glucozo? A. Tréng bac, trang rudt phich. B.Lam thc phim dinh duong nuée ting lyc. C. Sin xudt ancol etylic. D. San xudt PVC. Cau 7: Duong nao sau day chiém t6i 40% trong mat ong va gay ra vi nggt dam cho mat ong? A. Glucoze. B. Saccarozo. C. Mantozo. D, Fructozo. Cau 8: Phat biéu nao sau day ding? A. Xenlulozo 6 céng thite (Cstlio0s)n va c6 mach phan nhanh. B. Xenlulozo’c6 cng thitc (CsH100s)q va cé mach khong phan nhénh. €.Xenlulozo 6 cong thitc CcHi206 va cé nhiéu trong qua soi bong, D, Xenluloze c6 céng thitc CiaHz2011 va co nhiéu trong cit cdi durdng, mia, Cau 9: Hay chon phat biéu sai trong céc phat biéu sau A. Glucoze va fructoze déu la chat két tinb, khong mau, dé tan trong nuéc. B. Phan ti amilozo mach thang. C. Xenlulozo’o6 nhigu trong tre, D. Xenlulozo cé mach phan nhanh, dang xoan. Cau 10: Trong mat ong c6 30% A.glucozo. B. fructozo. C.saccaroze, D. tinh bét. DAP AN 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 D B c D A D D B D A HUONG DAN GIAT Cau 4: Saccarozo la cacbohidrat thudc loal disaccarit. Fructoze la cacbohidrat thugc loal monosaccarit, > Bap anD LE DANG KHUONG - NGUYEN XUAN TRUONG 49CHUCNG cau 2: ‘Dudng phén, mat mfa déu sn xudt tir mia > Chita nhiBu saccaroze. Dudng kinh 1a saccarozo & dang tinh thé (SGK 12 nang cao - trang 34). Mat ong chia niu fructoze (SGK 12 co ban - trang 24). > bap 4nB cau 3: Tinh bot khéng tan trong nuéc lanh, tan trong nude néng tao hd tinh bot. > Dap an Cau 4: Xenlulozo khong tan trong nwéc va cée dung mdi hitu co nhw benzen, ete, etanol. Xenluloze tan trong nuréc Svayde. + Dap nD cau 5: Glucoze 1a dng phan ctia fructozo (SGK 12 co ban - trang 24), > DAp an A ‘Cau 6: ‘Wg dung cia glucozo: > Trang bac, trang ruét phich. > Lam thyc pham din dudng nuée tang luc. > San xudt ancol etylic. ~ Dap AnD Cau 7: Fructozo chiém téi 40% trong mat ong va tao ra vi ngot d4m cho mat ong. ~ Dap anD Cau 8: Xenlulozo’ c6 céng thitc (CeHioOs)n degre cu tgo tir cdc phan tik B-glucozo lién két bang lin két §-1,4-glicozit. + Cu tre mach khong phan nhanh, ~> Bap 4nB Cau 9: A dting (SGK 12 co ban - trang 21, 24). B ding (SGK 12 co bin ~ trang 29). C ding (SGK 12 co ban - trang 32). D sai vi xenluloz c6 mach khong phan nhanh, khong xoan. ~ Dap anD Cau 10: ‘Trong mat ong c6 40% fructozo, 30% glucozo (SGK 12 co ban - trang 21, 24) Dap ana 50. LE DANG KHUONG - NGUYEN XUAN TRUONGCHUONG 2: CACBOHIDRAT inh chat héa hoc BAITAP MAU Corban Cau 1: Cho cdc phat biéu sau vé cacbohidrat (a) Tat ci cdc cacbohidrat déu cé phan tng thiy phan. (b) Thay phan hoan toan tinh bot thu dug glucoze. {© Glucozo, fructozo va mantozo déu cé phan ‘eng trang bac. (d) Glucozo lam mat mau nwéc brom. S6 phat bigu ding 1a AL, B.2. C3. D4. Huéng din (a) Sai vi monosaccarit khéng bi thiy phan (b) Ding vi (CoHlso0s), + nO > nGsH:20s tinh bét glucoze (c) Ding vi ow Glucoza == Fructozo CsHixOsCHO + 2AgNOs + 3NH3 +20 —" + CsHy10sCOONH,+ 2Agl + 2NH«NOs Mantozo: Ciste:00CHO + 2AgNOs+ 3NH3 + H20 —2-+ CytHo1010COONH,+2Agi+ 2NH4NO3 (q) Bing vi CH.OH[CHOH].CHO + Br2+ H;0—" + CH,OH[CHOH],COOH + 2HBr ~ C63 phat biéu ding — Bap anc ‘Cau 2: Cho cac phat biéu sau: {a) Hidro hda hoan toan glucoze tao ra axit gluconic. (b) 0 diu kién thuong, glucozo va saccarozo d¥u Ii nhitng chat ran, dé tan trong nuéc. (0) Xenlulozo trinitrat 8 nguyén ligu 4é san xudt to nhan tgo va ché tgo thude sing khng khéi. () Amilopectin trong tinh bét chi c6 cdc lién két «-1,4-glicozit, (e) Sacarozo bj héa den trong H2S0, dic. (0 Trong céng nghiép duoc phim, saccarozo durgc ding @é pha ché thudc. ‘Trong céc phat biéu trén, s6 phat bigu ding 1a AR B. 3. Gs. D.4. Hung din giai {a) saivi hidro héa glucoze tao ra sobitol HOCH,[CHOH],CHO + H, “> HOCH, [CHOH],CH,OH Glucozo Sobitol (b) ding vi glucozo va saccarozo la chat két tinh, khong mau, dé tan trong nuréc, c6 vingot (SGK 12 co ban - trang 21,27). (c) sai vi xenluloze trinitrat [CeH;02(ONO2)zJa la tornhan tao. LE DANG KHUONG - NGUYEN XUAN TRUONG 51CHUONG 2: CACBOHIDRAT (4) sai vi amilopectin c6 lién két a-1,4-glicozit va a-1,6-glicozit. (©) ding vi phuong trinh héa hoe ca phan tng: CyH,,0,, HS 12C,,, + 11H,0 C+ 2H,S0,, > CO, T+ 280, T+ 2H,0 (8 ding (SGK 12 co ban - trang 28). > C63 phat biéu ding — Dap anB ‘Cau 3, Chat tic dung véi Hz tao thanh sobitol la A.saccarozo. B. glucozo. CG xenlulozo. D. tinh bét, Hw6ng dan giai Glucozo tic dung véi Hz sinh ra sobitol. HOCH, {CHOH],CHO +H, “+ HOCH, [CHOH],CH,OH > Dap an B Cau 4. Tinh bot, xenlulozo, saccarozo, mantoze déu cé kha ning tham gia phan ing A-hoatanCu(OH)., —B. triing ngung. G trang guong. D. thiy phan. Hwéng dan gidi Asai vi tinh bt va xenluloze khong hda tan dugc Cu(OH)z Bssai vi cdc chat déu khong tham gia phan img tring ngung. sai vitinh bét, xenlulozo, saccaroza khng tham gia phan ting trang guong, D dang vi tinh b9t va xenlulozo la céc polisaccarit, saccarozo va mantozo la cdc disaccarit nén tham gia phan tng thy phan. (CHhy0,), + n,0—" nC H,0, Tinh bot/xenluloza CyaH0,, +H,O—+20,H,,0, Mantozo” CH Oy +O 9CH,0, + CH, Saccaroza > Dap dn D Cau 5, Chat nao sau day khéng thiy phan trong mdi trudng axit? A.Saccarozo. B.Xenlulozo. C.Tinh bot. D.Glucoze. Huong din gidi Chat khéng tham gia phan img thiy phan la glucoze (monosaccarit). > Dap an D Cau 6, Day cae chat déu c6 kha nang tham gia phan tig thity phan trong dung dich H2S0, dun néngla A.glucozo, tinh bét va xenlulozg. B. glucozo, sacearoze va fructozo. C fructoza, saccarozo va tinh bot. D. saccaroza, tinh bot va xenlulozo. 52 ‘LE BANG KHUONG - NGUYEN XUAN TRUONGCHUONG 2: CACBOHIDRAT Huong din A,B, Csai vi glucozo va fructozokhéng tham gia phan tng thiy phan D ding vi Cyt O 4, +HO—S96,H,.0, +CH0, Saccaroze (CoH,g0,), +H,O— nC ,H,.0, Tinh bét/xenlulozo > Dap anD v Van dung Cau 7. Chat nao duéi day khOng tham gia phan ting trang bac? A. Mantozo. B. Fructoza. € Sacearoze. D. Glucozo. Hwong dan giai Glucozo => Fructozo CsHiOsCHO + 2AgNOs + 3NHs + HaO —* > CsH:sOsCOONH4 + 2Agl + 2NH4NO3 Mantozo: CriHa1010CHO + 2AgNO3+ 3NHz + HoO —*> Cy1Ha101COONHs+2Agl+ 2NHiNOs Chat khéng tac dung voi AgNOs/NHs la saccarozo. > Dap anc Cau 8. Day cc chat nio duéi day déu phan ting deyc v6i Cu(OH)z & dtu kign thurdmg? A. Etylen glicol, glixerol va ancol etylic. B, Glucozo, glixerol va saccarozo. €. Glucoze, glixerol va metyl axetat. D. Glixerol, glucozo va etyl axetat. Huéng din giai Asai vi ancol etylic khong phan tng v6i Cu(OH)2 Bating 2CgH:206 + Cu(OH), > (Ce¥¥:n0¢)2Cu + 2H20 ‘2CsHeOs + Cu(OH)2 > (CsH7Os},Cu + 2H.0 2CiaH2201s + Cu(OH)2 > (CizHe1Ous)2Cu + 2H20 Cssai vi metyl axetat khong phan tng voi Cu(OH)2. Desai vietyl axetat khong phan éng voi Cu(OH)2, = Dap inB Cau 9. Cho day cdc chat; glucozo, xenlulozo, saccaroze, tinh bét, mantozo. Sé chat trong day tham gia phan ng tréng guong la AB. B.4, C2, DS. Huong din giai Céc chat tham gia phan tng trang guong la glucozo va mantoz CsHi:OsCHO + 2AgNOs + 3NHs + HeO "> CsllisOsCOONHs + 24g! + 2NH4NO3 CisHz101oCHO + 2AgNO3+ 3NHs + H20 —-> CisHz10:0COONHe+2Agl+ 2NHsNOz. Dap an LE DANG KHUONG - NGUYEN XUAN TRUONG 53CHUONG 2: CACBOHIDRAT Cau 10. Day gm cdc dung dich du tham gia phan ting trang bac la: A. Glucozo, mantozo, axit fomic, andehit axetic. B. Fructozo, mantozo, glixerol, andehit axetic, €. Glucozo, glixerol, mantozo, axit fomic, D. Glucozo, fructoza, mantozo, saccarozo. Hw6ng dan giai A ating vi glucozo (CeHi20,), mantozo’ (Cizlz2011), axit fomic (HCOOH), andehit axetic (CHsCHO) dléu cé nhém CHO trong phan tir nén ching o6 tham gia phan tng trang bac. B, Cai vi glixerol khOng tham gia phan tng trang bac. D sai vi saccarozo khong tham gia phan tng trang bac. = Dap an A BAI TAP TY LUYEN Cau 1. Phat biéu khong ding 1a A. Dung dich fructozo hoa tan duge Cu(OH)2. B. Thay phan saccarozo ciing nh mantozo déu chi cho mt loai monosaccarit. San phim thy phan xenlulozo (xi tac H>, ¢) o6 thé tham gia phn (ing trang gong, D. Dung dich glucozo tac dung v6i Cu(OH)z/NaOH, dun néng cho két tia Cu20. Cau 2. Phét bigu nao sau day 1a ding? A. Saccarozo lam mat mau nuéc brom. B. Xenlulozo’o6 cu tric mach phan nhénh C,Amilopectin cé cu trite mach phan nhanh, D. Glucozo bi khtr béi dung dich AgNO; trong NHs. Cau 3: Cho cdc chat (va didu kign): (41) Hh/Ni, t°; (2) Cu(OH),; (3) AgNOs/NHs, ¢°; (4) CHsCOOH/H2S0.. Saccarozo cé thé tac dung dugc véi AO, (2). B.(2), (4). ©.(2), (3). D.(1),(4). Cau 4, Phat biéu nao sau day khéng ding? A. Glucozo téc dung dugc voi nuéc brom, B. Khi glucozo & dang vong thi tat cA céc nhém -OH du tao ete véi CH;0H. C.Glucozo ton tai & dang mach hé va dang mach vong. D.G dang mach hé, glucozo c6 5 nhém -OH ké nhau. Cau 5: Xenlulozo kkh6ng thé phan tng v6i tac nhdn nao duéi day? A. HNO; dac/ H2S0, dac, t°. B. H2/ Ni. €.(CHsC00).0. D.CS; + NaOH. ‘Cau 6. Cho cac phat biéu sau: (a) C6 thé ding nwéc brom dé phan biét glucozo va fructozo. (0) Trong méi truéng axit, glucozo va fructozo cé thé chuyén hoa ln nhau. 54 LE DANG KHUONG - NGUYEN XUAN TRUGNGCHUONG 2: CACBOHIDRAT (©) Cé thé phan biét glucozo va fructozo bang phan ting v6i dung dich AgNOs/NHs. (@) Trong dung dich, glucozo va fructoze d@u hoa tan Cu(OH): & nhigt 46 thudng cho dung dich mau xanh lam. (©) Trong dung dich, fructozo tin tai chii yéu 6 dang mach he. (g) Trong dung dich, glucozo tin tai chai yéu & dang vong 6 canh (dang a va B). 6 phat biéu déing fa AA, B.S. C3. D.2. Cau 7. Cho céc phat biéu sau: (1) Fructoze va glucozo déu 6 kha nang tham gia phan tg tréng bac. (2) Saccarozo va tinh bét déu khong bj thy phan khi cé axit HSO, (lodng) lam xac tac. (3) Tinh bot duge tao thanh trong cay xanh ne qua trink quang hop. (4) Xenlulozo va saccarozo du thudcloai disaccarit. Phatbiéu ddngla A. (2) va (2). B. (3) va (4) ©. (2) va (4), D. (1) va (3). Cau 8. Cho cdc phat biéu sau: (a) Amilopectin 06 chita lién két a-1,6-glucorit (b) Tat cd céc cacbohidrat du thé hign tinh hi cia nhom andehit. (0 Dung dich glucozo bj khir béi Bro/H20. (@) Saccarozo khong tac dung voi Cu(OH)2. 6 phat biéu ding la Ad B.3. C4, D.2. Cau 9. Cho céc phat biéu sau: (a) Glucozo’cé kha n’ing tham gia phan tng trang bac. (b) Sw chuyén héa tinh bot trong co thé ngudsi cé sinh ra mantoze. (0) Mantozo c6 kha nang tham gia phan tmg trang bac. (d) Saccarozo dugc cu tgo tir hai géc B-glucozo va a-fructozo. S6 phat bigu diing la AL B.2. C4 D.3. Cau 10, Phat biéu nao sau day la ding? A. Hidro héa hoan toan glucoze (xtic tc Ni, dun néng) tao ra sobitol. B. Xenlulozo tan tét trong nuéc va etanol, C. Thay phan hon toan tinh bot trong dung dich H:S0,,dun néng, tao ra fructoze. D. Saccarozo cé kha ning tham gia phan tmg trang bac. DAP AN 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 10 B c B B B c D A D A | | LE DANG KHUONG - NGUYEN XUAN TRUONG 55CHUONG 2: CACBOHIDRAT HUONG DAN GIAL Cau 1: A diing vi fructozo c6 tinh chat cia poliancol. 2CoHi206 + Cu(OH)2 > (CeHls:06}eCu + 2H20 Bsai Coat Oy, +H,O—*-926,H,.0, Mantoze glucozo CyaHOy, HOS 9CHy.0, + CoH, Saccarozo glucoza fructozo Cding vi {C,H,.0,), +nl,0—“>nC,H,,0, CsHi10sCHO + 2AgNOs + 3NH2 + H2O —> CsH10sCOONH, + 2Ag 1 + 2NH.NO3 Ddingvi CsHn0sCHO + 2Cu(OH)2 + NaOH —*> CsH1:05COONa+ Cu20 1 +3420 ~ Dap an B cau 2: Asai vi saccarozo khng ¢6 nh6m ~CHO nén khéng lim mat mau nuéc brom. Bsai xenluloze c6 cau tric mach khong phn nhanh (SGK 12 co’ ban - trang 32). C ding (SGK 12 co’ban - trang 29). Dssai vi glucozo’bj oxi héa boi dung dich AgNO; trong NHs. C,H,,0, uo +24gNO, +3NH, +H,0—9C,H,,0, Coon, 42Ag1-42NH,NO, ~ Dap anc cau 3: (1) Hz khong phan ting durge véi saccaroze (2) c6 phan ting durgc vii saccarozo theo phuong trinh héa hoc sau: 2CiaHe2in + CufOH)2 > (CrzHa1013)2Cu + 2420 (3) khong phan tg duege voi saccarozo do saccarozo’ khéng c6 nhém andehit (-CHO) trong phan ti (SGK 12 CB - trang 27, 28), (4) c6 phan ting véi saccarozo do saccarozo cé nhém hidroxyl (-OH) trong phan tik. ~ Saccarozo 6 thé tac dung véi (2) va (4). > Dap dn B Cau 4: A ting vi glucozo c6 chira nhém ~CHO nén tac dung duge véi dung dich Bra CsHiOsCHO + Bre + H20 —* > CsHi10;COOH+ 2HBr B sai vi chi cé nhém -OH (hemiaxetal) méi tao ete vi CHsOH (SGK 12 nang cao - trang 30). C ding vi (SGK 12 co ban - trang 22), D ding vi (SGK 12 co-ban - trang 22). > Dap an B 56 LE DANG KHUONG - NGUYEN XUAN TRUONGCHUONG 2: CACBOHIDRAT caus: A, ©, D c6 phan ting voi xenlulozo (SGK 12 nang cao trang 48) B sai vi xenlulozo + Hz “> khéng phan ng. ~ Bap anB Cau: (a) ding vi ghicozo’lam mat mau brom; fructozo khong lam mét mau brom, (b) sai vi trong méi truéng kiém, fructozo va glucozo chuyén héa Kin nhau (SGK 12 co ban trang 25). (0) sai vi trong moi trudng kiém glucozo va fructozo déu phan ting voi dung dich AgNO:/N#is (SGK 12 co ban trang 25). (d) diing vi glucozo va fructozo déu c6 nhiéu nhém -OH lin k8 nén 6 phan ting tao phtée xanh lam dc trung véi Cu(OH)2. 2CeHls20e + Cu(OHJ2 > (CoH11106)2Cu + 2H20 (©) sai vi fructozor chi yéu 6 dang mach vong B-fructozo (SGK 12 co ban - trang 24). (g) ding (SGK 12 co ban ~ trang 22). C63 phat bigu dang. > Bap anc cau 7: (2) ding vi: Fructozo <2 Glucoze — Glucoze’ va fructozo du tham gia phan ing vi AgNOs/NHs. CsHi10sCHO + 2AgNOs + 3NH3 + H20 —“> CsH110sCOONHs+ 2Ag! + 2NHsNO3 (2) sai vi saccarozo va tinh b§t déu tham gia phan ting thay phan. {C,H,.0;}, +nH,O—" >nC,H,,0, CgH20,, HOF 9C,H,.0, +C HO, (3) ding (SGK 12 co ban ~ trang 30): 6nCO, + SnH,O => (CjH,0.), + 6n0, (4) sai vi xenlulozo thuéc loai polisaccarit (SGK 12 co ban - trang 20, 32). ~~ Phat biéu déing a (1) va (3). > Dap nD Cau 8: (a) ding vi amilopectin c6 chita lién két o-1,6-glucozit va o-1,4-glucozit, (b) sai vi saccarozo, tinh bét va xenlulozo khong chita nhom andehit. (0) sai vi glucozo bj oxi héa béi Bra: CsHixOsCHO + Brz + HO —-» CsH1:OsCOOH+ 2HBr (@) sai vi saccarozo cé chia nhiéu nhém ~OH lin ke nén tac dung voi Cu(OH)2. + C6 1 phat biéu ding. Dap dna LE DANG KHUONG - NGUYEN XUAN TRUONG 37CHUNG 2: CACBOHIBRAT cau 9: (2) dting vi glucozo 6 nhém ~CHO nén tham gia phan ting trang bac. CsHiOsCHO + 2AgNOs + 3NHs + H.O —> CsHi:OsCOONH«+ 2Ag! + 2NH4NO3 (b) ding vi qua trinh chuyén héa tinh bot trong co thé ngudi la: (CoH:00s)a (tinh b6t) 29> Dextrin 2 > Mantozo > Glucozo Fn (©) ding vi mantozo c6 nhém ~CHO nén tham gia phan img tréng bac. (d) sai vi saccarozo durge cfu tao tir 2 géc a-glucozo’va B-fructozo, > 63 phat biéu dang, > Dap nD Cau 10: A ding vi phwong trinh héa hoc cia phan tng: CHOH[CHOH]\CHO + Hz > CHzOH[CHOH).CH20H glucoze sobitol B sai vi xenlulozo khOng tan trong nuéc ngay ca khi dun néng, khong tan trong céc dung méi httu co nhu ete, etanol... (SGK 12 co ban ~ trang 32). C sai vi thay phan tinh bét thu duge sin pha IA glucozo (CoHeOs}y + DHO > nCGHi2Os tinh bot glucozo D sai vi saccarozo khéng chtta nhém -~CHO nén kh6ng tham gia phan ting trang bac. = Dap an A ‘Chic mirng em da hoan thanh t6t bai luyén tap chyong cacbohidraty Dwi day 14 bai kiém tra tong hyp DE KIEM TRA TONG HOP Cu 1: Fructozo kthéng phan tng duege voi A. He/Ni, nbiét a9. B. Cu(OH)e, C.dung djch AgNO3/NHs. D. dung dich brom, Cau 2: Chat khOng phan tng v6i dung dich AgNOs/NHs (dun néng) thu duoc san pham kim Jogi Agia A. fructozo, B. tinh bot C.glucozo. D. mantozo. Cau 3: Chat c6 kha nang tham gia phan ting trang bac la A.xelulozo. B.tinh bot. C.glucozo. D.saccaroze. Céu 4: Chat khong tham gia phan ting thiy phan Av saccaroza, B. xenlulozo. C.tinh bot. D. fructozo. ‘Cau 5: Chit nao sau day hép phy iot sinh ra hgp chat xanh tim? A. Glucozo. B, Saccarozo. CHO tinh bt. D. Xenhilozo. Céu 6: X thuéc hop chat cacbohidrat. XH" 5 y_+NOu/M! 5 Ag LX Ta A. a-glucozo. B, Fructoze. C.B-glucoze D, saccarozo. 58 LE DANG KHUONG - NGUYEN XUAN TRUONGCHU'ONG 2: CACBOHIBRAT ‘Cu 7: Saccarozo, tinh bét va xenlulozo’ déu cé thé tham gia vio A. phan ting trang bac. B. phan ting v6i Cu(OH)z. C. phan ting thiiy phan. D. phan teng d6i mau iot, Cau 8: Cho cdc chuyén hod sau: X+H,0 #45 ¥ Y+H, —““> Sobitol Y+2AgNO; + 3NH3 +H20 —£-» Amoni gluconat + 2Agl + 2NH«NO3 Y —2-> E+Z 2+H,.0 —Sse_> X+G ag X, ¥va Z lan lugt la: A. xenlulozo, fructozo va khhi cacbonic. B. tinh b6t, glucozo va ancol etylic, C.xenlulozo, glucozo va kh cacbon monooxit. _D. tinh bét, glucozo va ki cacbonic. Céu 9. Cho céc phat biéu sau v8 cacbohidrat: (@) Glucozo va saccarozo déu la chat ran c6 vi ngot, dé tan trong nuée. (b) Tinh bgt va xenlulozo du la polisaccarit. (©) Trong dung dich, glucoze va saccarozo du hoa tan Cu(OH)2, tao phtée mau xanh lam. (@) Khi thuy phan hoan toan hén hgp gém tinh bdt va saccarozo trong méi trong axit, chi thu duge m6tloai monosaccarit duy nhat. (e) Khi dun néng glucozo (hoe fructozo) voi dung djch AgNO; trong NH: thu dugc Ag. (© Glucozo’va saccarozo du tac dung v6i He (sic téc Ni, dun néng) tgo sobitol. S6 phat biéu dang 1a AS. B.6. G4. D.3, Cau 10: Thuy phan hoan toan tinh bat trong dung dich axit v6 co’loang, thu duge chat hia co’ X. Cho X phan ting v6i Ichi He (xtic téc Ni, ©), thu duoc chat hiru cor Y. Cac chat X, ¥ Han lugt a A. glucozo, sobitol. B. glucozo, saccarozo. C.glucoze, etanol. D. glucozo, fructozo. (Cau 11: Phan ting nao cia glucozo dw6i day tgo ra sobitol? A. Phan ing tring bac. B, Phan éeng Khir héa bang Hp/Ni, v €. Phan trng voi axit axetic. D. Phan ting Ién men, (Cu 12: Cho so dd chuyén héa sau: Tinh bot +X + YZ vinyl axetat. X,Y, Zan lugt la A. glucozo, ancol etylic, vinyl ancol (Cliz=CH-OH). B. glucozo, ancol etylic, axetilen. C. glucozo, ancol etylic, axit axetic. D. glucozo, ancol etylic, etilen. Cau 13: Khi cho xenlulozo phan tg véi dung dich HNOs dac, c6 thu duge chat nao duxéi day? A. [CottrO2(ONOz}sJo- Bs [CeHrOx(NOzJsJo- C. [CeHrO2(ONOs)a]o. _D. Cet¥p02(0NO:)>. at H,S0, dc lim xiie tae LE DANG KHUONG - NGUYEN XUAN TRUGNG 59CHUONG 2: CACBOHIDRAT Cau 14: Cé 4 géi bot tring: glucozo, saccarozo, tinh bét va xenlulozo, BO thudc thik nao dui day c6 thé nhan biét durge ca 4 chit? ‘A.nuéc, dung dich AgNOs trong NHs, dung dich NaOH. B, nu6c, dung dich HCI, dung djch AgNOs trong NHs. .nuréc, dung dich AgNO trong NHs, dung djch I. D. nwéc, dét chdy (02), dung dich AgNO; trong NHs. Cau 15: C6 céc phan ting sau: phan tng tring guong (1); phan tng voi Cu(OH)z tao dung dich xanh lam (2); phén tg thiy phan (3); phan img tao este (4); phan tng voi Cu(OH)2/NaOH tgo Cuz0 (5). Glucoze’ cé tham gia nhirng phan ting nio trong cdc phan ting néi trén? A.(), 2), (3), 4). B(2), (2), (3).5). (1), 2), (4), (5). D. (2), (4). (Cu 16: Glucozo Kkh6ng c6 tinh chit nao sau day? A. Tinh chat cia nhém andehit. B, Tinh ch&t cita ancol da chétc, C.Tham gia phan img thily phan, D,Lén men tao ancol etylic. Céu 17: Chat ndo sau day 1a déng phan cia mantozo? A. glucozo. B. xenlulozo. € saccarozo. D. tinh bot. Cau 18: Gao, ngé, khoai dug ding lam Juong thyc, a ngudn thie an chu yéu cung cp A. chat dudng. B, chat dam. C.chat béo. D. chatxo, Cau 19: Day nao dw6i day sp xép cdc chat theo thir ty dé ngot ting dan? A. Glucozo < saccaroze < fructoze. B, Fructozo < glucozo < saccarozo. €. Glucozo’< fructoze < saccaroz0. D. Saccaroze < fructozo < glucozo, Cau 20: Biém gidng nhau gitta amilozo va amilopectin la A. du tao nén tir cdc géc a-glucoze. B. cé phan tiy khi trung binh bang nhau. C.cé6 cling hé sé polime n. D, mach polime du la mach thang, DAP AN 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 D B ¢ D ¢ D c D c A i | i | 13 | i | a5 | 16 | 17 [| 48 | 49 | 20 B € A ¢ Cc Cc c A a A HUONG DAN GIAI Cau 4: Fructozo phan ng dugc véi Hz (Nit), Cu(OH)2, AgNOs/NH3 CoHy20¢ + He —™” 5 CeHis0c (sobitol) 2CcH1206 + Cu(OH)2— (Cefl:10)2Cu + 2420 NH, +H,0 — NH; +OH™ > Xay ra qué trinh chuyén ha: Fructozo ===> Glucozo (1) 60 LE DANG KHUGNG - NGUYEN XUAN TRUONGCHUONG 2; CACBOHIDRAT. CsHyOsCH=0+ 2AgNOg+ 3NHz* H20 — > CsHnOsCOONH¢+ 2NHsNOst 2AgL Fructozo khéng phan ting v6i dung dich brom do: Bro + H20 — HBr + HBrO (c6 méi trudng axit) Khéng xay ra qua trinh (1), = Pap AnD Cau 2: Fructozo, Glucoze va mantozo déu phan ting voi AgNOs/NHs Fructoza <2 Glucoze (1) CsHg0sCH=0+ 2AgNO3+3NH3+ E10 > CsHs10sCOONHs+ 2NHsNOs+ 2Agh Cutla:0ioCH=0+ 2AgNO3+ 3NHy* HO —*> CisH2i0ieCOONHs+ 2NHNOst 2Agl ‘Tinh bOt kkhéng phan tng voi dung dich AgNOs/NHs. > Dap anB cau: Glucozo ¢6 tham gia phan ting trang bac CsHiOsCH=0+ 2AgNOs+ 3NH2+ HzO —* > CsHi1OsCOONH«+ 2NHaNO3+ 2AgL Xenlulozo, tinh bt va sacccaroze khong tham gia phan tng trang bac. > Dap 4nc Cau 4: Phuong trinh phan img thay pha CioH220u1 + 20 —E=" > CeHi206 + Cotli20c Saccarozo glucozo fructoze (CcHioOs)n + HO —7" 5 nCcHi205. Xenlulozo/tinh bot glucozo ~ fructozo (monosaccarit) khéng tham gia phan img thiy phan. ~ Dap AnD Cau 5: Hi tinh bgt hap phy iot sinh ra hp chat mau xanh tim > ding iot 46 nhan biét ho tinh bo > Dap an Cau 6; X tham gia phan (mg thiy phan, sn phdm thu duge cé tham gia phan tmg trang bac > X 1a saccarozo Cr2tiz2011 Cratiz2Ous + HeO —E "> CoHi20s + Colts206 Sacearozo glucozo fructozo (CsHlaOsCH=0+ 2AgNO3+ 3NHs+ HeO —* > CsH::0sCOONH,+ 2NHsNOst 2Agl > Dap anD cau 7: Asai vi ci 3 chat du Ikhng cé nhém -CH=0 trong phan tir — Khéng tham gia phan tng trang bac. LE DANG KHUONG - NGUYEN XUAN TRUONG 61CHUONG 2: CACBOHIDRAT Bsai vi tinh b6t, xenlulozo khéng tac dung voi Cu(OH)2. Cadngvi CiaHeaOn + HO E> Cett206 + CoHl1205 Saccarozo glucozo — fructozo (CcHioOs}p + nH20 "+ nCoH20¢ Xenlulozo/tinh bot glucozo D sai vi saccarozo’ va xenluloze khéng c6 phan ting mau vét iot. Dap an caus; (CeH100s)q + nH20 "> nCoHi20s oO m CH,OH[CHOH].CHO + He “+ CHOH[CHOH]CH0H w CeHu1OsCHO+ 2AgNO3+ 3NHs+ HO —"> CsHis:OsCOONHe+ 2Agh+ 2NHsNOs ~) Colf206 —*> 2C.HsOH + 2COz @) © @ 6nCO2 + SnH2O—sruee—> (CotloOs)a + 602 @ oO © > Dap an D cau 9: 62 (2) ding (SGK 12 co ban - trang 21, 27). (b) ding (SGK 12 co ban - trang 20). (6) ding vi glucozo va saccarozo’cé nhiéu nhém ~OH lién ke, hoa tan Cu(OH): va tao phire mau xanh lam. 2CebH206 + Cu(OH}2 > (CH1106)zCu + 2H20 2CiaHz20as + Cu(OH)z — (CiaH2s0:s)2Cu + 2H20 (d) sai vi: thiy phan tinh bat thu durge glucozo. thay phan saccaroze thu durgc glucozo va fructozo, CiaHe2011 + H20 "> CoHli206 + CeHi20s, Saccarozo glucoza fructozo (CothoOsn + nO "> nCoH,20s Tinh bot glucoze (©) diing vi glucozo va fructozo cé tham gia phan tmg trang bac (SGK 12 co ban trang 25). (g) sai vi saccarozo khong tac dung v6i He tao sobitol. LE DANG KHUONG - NGUYEN XUAN TRUONGCHUONG 2: CACBOHIDRAT Colti206 + Hz “> Coss > C6 4 phat biéu ding. > Dap anc Cau 10: (CeHi00s),¢ nH2O Ey nCoH1206 tinh bot glucozo (X) CHzOH[CHOH],CHO+ Hz —" 5 CHOH{CHOH],CH20H Sobitol (¥) Dap anA Cau 11: Phan ting khit héa glucozo bang Hz/Ni, te dé tgo thanh sobitol. CH2OH[CHOH],CHO+ Hz "> CH,OH[CHOH],CH:OH > Dap anB cau 12: XY, Zan lugt la glucozo, ancol etylic, axit axetic. Phuong trinh héa hoc cia cac phan tng: (CeHio03)q + nH20 "> nCotHin06 x CeHi20s G88 2CoHs0H + 26027 Y CoHsOH + O2 —*-> CH3COOH + H20 Z CH;COOH + CoH. > CHsCOOCH=CH: > Dap an€ cau 13: [C,#,0,(OH),}, +3nHINO, —"=28_5[C,H,0,(ONO, ),], +3nH,0 Xenlulozo xenluloze trinitrat > Dap nA Cau 14: tae Glucoz tan [cue +AgNO,/NHL [> lucozo Saccarozo #0 Saccarozo Ls saccarozo Tinhbst “T iengian [Tinh bot _+h [> Xenlulozo Xenluloze {rena Mau xanh tim, vinh bgt = Dap an cau 45: Glucozo tham gia cdc phan tig trang guong (1), (2), (4), (5) CsHiOsCHO+ 2AgNO3+ 3NHs+ H2O—" > CsHiOsCOONHs+ 2Agl+ 2NH«NO3. 2CgH12O¢ + Cu(OH)2 > (CelHi:0¢)2.Cu + 2H20 LP DANG KHUONG - NGUYEN XUAN TRUONG 63CHUONG 2: CACBOHIDRAT CeHlO(OH)s +5(CHsCO)20 ~ CcH70(OCOCHs)s + SCHsCOOH CsH10sCHO + 2Cu(OH)2 + NaQH —"-> CsHH110sCOONa + Cu20 | +3H20 ~ Bap an C cau 16: Glucoze thudc loai monosaccarit + Khdng tham gia phan tng thiiy phan. = Dap an C cau 17; Saccarozo la ding phan cia mantozo {SGK 12 nang cao - trang 37). > Dap an C cau 18: Gao, ng6, khoai chtta nhiéu tinh b6t + Ngudn cung cp dudng glucozo la chit yéu. > Dap anA cau 19: ‘Thir ty tng dan d6 ngot la: glucoze < saccaroze < fructozo (SGK 12 co ban - trang 21, 24). Dap an A cau 20: idm gidng nhau cia amiloze va amilopectin la du tao nén tir céc géc a-glucozo. = Dap anA 64 LE BANG KHUONG - NGUYEN XUAN TRUONGCRUONG 3: AMIN - AMINO AXIT - PEPTIT - PROTEIN CHUNG 3: AMIN - AMINO AXIT - PEPTIT - PROTEIN jr A Bana go oN “eum. epee pda eg poverd ou ange Feen ee Gg- poetenapo rune ep esz)- sayy etn) app areca aq oem wee IQ BG ‘ae emp wowp wey #34) Sua ney “ened un bnew wep a 65 LE DANG KHUONG - NGUYEN XUAN TRUONGCHUONG 3: AMIN - AMINO AXIT - PEPTIT - PROTEIN: To oD Ua BL TE OTHE TED pin aaa pp BU MTT ESET om sn | asa ™ 1st i re saa 0 | ow wt an fe | ip HOOO-HD- WH Hoc | eat | onary | vos ap tary ep tuom oe vozenupt og +e Be, hve Supa deuae | Covroder a oan) a- wa a gs ees aga psy Bay um x wegonp +0 enna qui 4000-4O-aPga 00) rope agg i coxa dup ne ye eae dy oon eT ane PRET 9° La wera Hoo0)- 3-H) oma ofp Bump wp o2eg- se yo ae {nono a-0H + ‘one 009 9-H e200" Nik EHOW HoeD="Ho we 9-uoyvae ou *€09-"THDT HN} — Hoop "Trol ‘aad up Se xe ap ie oD ig ~ kg i edo eae peso ester LE DANG KHUONG - NGUYEN XUAN TRUONGCHUONG 3: AMIN - AMINO AXIT - PEPTIT - PROTEIN ora a¥p wp meuraoyd + "(HO)NO + 3ded apy uaz < oD anag amg new Sua wpUg a : ete enooa-- wma i a ¥ ‘> HORNE # HOO) HD- HW-09-HD- HNN-09 CTH T+ te ou poy u—HoeNe «anded uae) SUQNN ION @ 4 4 y a a ¢gqp ON IOHE+ HOOD- H}-HIN~OD-HD- HN- 09: aremngan ion @ gnu eyo op a uy ung a BugpAs- “oor yop Sunp of wer gD aay udp ogn Buon we Sage sya ey yu (Bupa dyn duqre ‘ununque) ng> quty Buép eo (~udqu Subus wp oy Bugs “Fugu ‘sgn eno unazey) ros Yury SueC ye srvesre@ ws, aye owe we—9'H (Fu) +93404 w apa dpe Sag aga gan Buon wea gp ‘9v9 Aey> Btou Sp asia URT GS Tam a ‘eye Bagp yoaike oUe-v 208 W ERY Indag —— gla O¥aLVHD OVO. ~ NIGLOWd ~ Libddd o'HD +000 att) Hoes D00D-uC HN) ‘ot a + eNOODH HON FANON one oxen 9 ~ Hoon +cat “oN 'H9 “IA “ODHHK “OOK HN wi0) ipa "en hn) ‘ad fone aN HD ~ HORN ON HHT ‘ove a9 Pia“ ~ fon un "pre ouuae-n 998 OT-Z anda Fad aU RRA NENT ARIE ong wags OE pe ae» wap 2 wg - HIRE? 67 DANG KHUONG - NGUYEN XUAN TRUONG,CHUONG 3: AMIN - AMINO AXIT - PEPTIT - PROTEIN AMIN Khi thay thé 1 hay nhiéu nguyén tir H trong NH bang 1 hay nhiéu géc hidrocacbon ta duoc amin. H H H RS N-H —» N-HONR? NR? a Rt Rt Rt 2, Phan loai Theo géc hidrocacbon Y No: CHs-NHa; CHs-NH-CHy = “Thom: = NHz v Khéng no: CHz=CH-NH2 ‘Theo bac amin: Bac amin la s6 nguyén tir H bj thay thé trong NH bdi géc hidrocacbon, Bac mot: QO NH2 cH,-di-cHy Bac hai: ay CHNHC,H, Bacba: up CHy-N-CHg CH, 3. Danh phap Y Ten g6c - chite: Ten géc hidrocacbon + amin ¥_Tén thay thé: Tén hidrocacbon + amin Cong thite cfu tao Ten goc-chike Ten thay thé Tén thuong CHsNH2 Metylamin Metanamin CHaCHaNHz Etylamin Etanamin ‘CHaCHCHaNHz Propylamin Propan-1-amin CHeCH(NHA)CH: Tsopropylamin Propan-2-amin HaN=[CHaJe-NH2__| Hexametylendiamin | Hexan-1, 6-diamin Celis Phenylamin Benzenamin ‘Anilin CofisNHCHs Metylphenylamin | N-Metylbenzenamin | N-Metylanilin 4. Tinh chat vat ly © Metyl-, etyl-, dimetyl-, trimetyl amin: Chat khi, mi khai, dé tan trong nuréc. Cac amin déng dang cao hon la cht Iéng hoac ran. © Dé tan trong nude giém din theo phan tir khéi. 68 LE DANG KHUONG - NGUYEN XUAN TRUONGCHUNG 3: AMIN - AMINO AXIT - PEPTIT - PROTEIN © Anilin: Chat long, khdng mau, adc, {t tan trong nude, tan trong etanol va benzen, trong khong khi chuyén thank mau nau den, © Cicamin déu d6c. 5. Tinh chat héa hoe ¥ Tinh bazo * V6l chat chi thi ¥ Metylamin va ddng dang: Lam xanh quy tim va hdng phenolphtalein. Anilin va amin thom khéc: KHONG chuyén mau quy tim va phenolphtalein, * Phan tng véi axit CH,NH, +HCl>[CH,NH,]'Cr metylamoni clorua CyH.NH, +HCl— [CH NHC phenylamoni clorua > Téng quét: RNH, +HCl—>[RNH,}'Cr + Lyebazo giam dan: (CoHs)2NH > CoHsNHz > CH3NFz > NH > CoHsNHz > (CcHs)2NH v Phan tng v6i axit nitro CHsNEz + HONO > C2H5OH + Not + H20 CeHsNH2 + HNO2 + HCt =" C,H.N3CI + 2H20 benzendiazoni clorua v Phan ting thé 6 nhan thom cia anilin NH, NH, Bre ‘Br + 3Bry —> | wat 3HBr trang Br 2,4,6-tribromanilin 6. Diéu ché ¥ Thay thé nguyén tir H trong NHs NH, —*Sii'> CH.NH, —S?-> (CH,), NH —S"-> (CH, ),N ¥ Khit hop chat nitro C.H.NO, + 6H 35> C.H.NH, + 2H,0 7..6ng dung ¥ Aniylamin ding trong téng hgp hiu co. ¥ Anilin ding trong cong nghiép ph4m nhudm, polime, durge pham. LE DANG KHUONG - NGUYEN XUAN TRUONG 69CHUNG 3: AMIN - AMINO AXIT - PEPTIT - PROTEIN AMINO AXIT 4. Binh nghia Lahgp chat hu co tap chire ma phan tir chtta dng thi nhom amino -NHe va nhém cacboxyl -COOH. 2. Cau tao phan tir: lon lwong eve R-qH-COOH RCH-COO” NH +NH3 phan tir ion ludmg cve 3.Danh php + Tén thay thé: Amino axit= axit + s6 chi vj trf nhém NEb (chtr s6 2, 3...) + amino + tén hidrocacbon no tong tig v6i mach chinh + oic. * Tén ban hé théng: Amino axit = axit + s6 chi vj tri nhém NHz (ch&r cai Hi Lap o, B,...) + amino + tn axit thong thong, Vidw @ 3 24 CH -CH-COOH NH ~ Tén thay thé: Axit 2 - aminopropanoi ‘Tén ban hé théng: Axit o - aminopropionic. © Tén thwong: Em hay hoc thugc long bang sau H.N-CH, -COOH Glyxin Gly khong CH -CH-COOH Alanin ‘Ala 89 khong NH, CH -CH-CH-COOH Valin’ Val 117 khong CHSNH, i o-< \—chi, -CH-CooH ‘Tyrosin Tyr 181 khong NH, | Hooc {cH,|,-cH-cooH Axitglutamic | Glu 147 a6 | NH, | i Lysin Lys 146 xanh 70 L® DANG KHUONG - NGUYEN XUAN TRUONGCHU'ONG 3: AMIN - AMINO AXIT - PEPTIT - PROTEIN 4, Tinh chat vatly o LAch&t ran, khéng mau, vi ngot, dé tan trong nuéc. ° Cacamino axit trong thién nhién la a-amino axit. 5. Tinh chat hoa hoc Y ‘Tinh chat leémg tinh HN ~ CH COOH + HCL— C1H,N - CH: ~ COOH HN - CHe - COOH + NaOH + H:N ~ CH - COONa + HO ¥ Tinh axit - bazo’ctia dung dich amino axit ‘a>b— xanh =b—>khongdéimau a HN - CHe ~ COOC2Hs + Hz0 ¥ Phan ting ctia nhom -NHz voi HNO2 HN ~ CHz - COOH + HNO; ~> HO- CH. - COOH + Net + H20 Y Phan éngtriing ngung nHN-[CHz)5-COOH £22 {.NH-[CHy]s-CO}, +n Hz0 to nilon-6 6. Ung dung ¥ Mudi mononatri ciia axit glutamic ding am mi chin (bot ngot). ¥ Axit glutamic la thudc hé tro thin kinh, methionin i& thudc bé gan, ¥ Axit 6-aminohexanoic va axit 7-aminoheptanoic nguyén ligu san xuat to nilon-6 va nilon-7, LE DANG KHUONG - NGUYEN XUAN TRUONG 7mCHUGNG 3: AMIN - AMINO AXIT - PEPTIT - PROTEIN PEPTIT 1. Khai nigm © Peptit: Chika 2 dén 50 géc a-amino axit lién két voi nhau bang lién két peptit. co Lién két peptit: La lién két cha nhém -CO- véi nhém -NH- gitta 2 don vi a-amino axit. 2. Phan loai * Oligopeptit: 2-10 g6c a-amino axit. + Polipeptit: 11-50 g6c a-amino axit. 3, Cau tao, danh phap diuN lien két peptit duc HN - CHL-CO-NH-CH-CO-..-NELCH-COOH RR & ‘Ten cia céc peptit dugc hinh thanh bing cach ghép tén gc axyl ciia cac a-amino axit bat dau tiv dau N va két thiic bang dau C (duoc gitr nguyén). Vidy: HaNCH,CO - NHCHCO - NH-CH-COOH Hs CH(CH) Glyxylatanylvalin (Gly-Ala-Val) S6 dong phan n peptit chta n géc a-amino axit khdc nhau bing n! 4. Tinh chat vat ly La chat ran, nhiét 46 néng chay cao, dé tan trong nuéc, 5. Tinh chat héa hoe v Phan ting mau biure Peptit c6 > 2 lién két peptit + Cu(OH}2 > Phirc mau tim dc trung ¥ Phan ting thily phan v Méi trurtmg axit H)N-CH-CO-NH-CH-CO-NH-CH-COOH +3Hcl + 2H,0 BL n peptit + (n-1) HO —> namino axit Rt R RF + + <4 CIH3N-CH- COOH + GU;N-CH-cooH + ClHN-CH-coolt G 4 Rt ¥ Moi truong kiém —n peptit + nNaQH—> n Mu6i amino axit + 1 H20 e HyN- CH-CO-NH-CH-CO-NHLCH-COOH + 3N20H —"_, Rt Re RS HN - CH-COONa * HN - CH-COONa + HAN- CH-COONa +H20 Rt R R rR LE DANG KHUGNG - NGUYEN XUAN TRUONGCHUONG 3: AMIN - AMINO AXIT - PEPTIT- PROTEIN PROTEIN 1, Khdi niém La polipetit cao phan tt c6 phan tir khdi tir vai chye nghin dn vai trigu dvC. 2, Tinh chat vat ly ‘+ Dang tn tai: Dang hinh soi (karetin cila tc, mong, sing, to tim, mang nhén,...) va dang hinh cau (anbumin cia long trang tréing...). * Tinh tan: Dang hinh soi khéng tan trong nude, dang hinh cfu tan tgo dung dich keo. + Sw déng tu: Dun néng hoic cho axit, bazo, hay mudi, 3. Tink chathéa hoe Y Phan tng thiiy phan (giéng peptit) Y Phan tng voi HNO; dac tao két tha vang N —C)-on + 2HNO,; ——~ N Phan ting mau biure: + Cu(QH)»— phic mau tim dic trung Op OH] + 2H,0 vang 2 0, CAC CHAT DAC BIET C4c hop chat dac biét duoc xay dyng bang cach thay nguyén ti H trong NH, bang g6c hidrocacbon cia cc muéi amoni nitrat NH4NO3; amoni cacbonat (NH«)2COs, amoni hidrocacbonat NH4HCOs, amoni cacboxylat hoac mudi hon hop. TH 1: NH«NOs > RNH3NOs, Vi dy 1: CHsNHsNO3 (CH603N2) ‘CHsNH3NOs + NaOH ~ CH3NHz T + NaNO: + H20 ‘Vi dy 2: CAHsNH3NO3 (CzHe03N2) C:HsNH3NO3 + NaOH > CH;CH2NH; T + NaNO; + H20 Vidu3: HaCy H3C7 H3Cy, HAC~ ‘TH 2: (NH4)2COs ~ (RNH3}2CO3. Vi dy 4: (CHsNH3)2COs (CsHi203Nz) (CH3NH3)2CO3 + 2NaQH > 2CH3NH2 T + Na2CO3+ 2H20 Vidy2: CH3NH3, CjHsNH3” NHz-NO3 (CHg03Nz) NH, -NO3 +NaOH —® (CH3),NH +NaNO3+H,0 C03 (C4Hy403N2) LE DANG KHUONG - NGUYEN XUAN TRUONG BCHUONG 3: AMIN - AMINO AXIT - PEPTIT - PROTEIN CH3NH3\ CO; +2NaOH — CH3NH2 + C2HsNHz + NazCO3 + 2H20 CyHgNH3” ‘TH 3: NHsHCO3~> RNH3HCOs. Vidu: CoHsNHsHCOs (CsHs03N) CHsNH3HCOs + 2NaOH > CoHsNHe t + NazCO3 + 2H20 {COONH, hodic RCOONHR’. Vi du 1: HCOONHSCHs (C2Hi702N) HCOONH;CHs+ NaOH > HCOONa + CH3NHe T+ H20 Vi dy 2: CHsCOONH, (CzH202N) CHsCOONH, + NaOH — CHsCOONa + NH3 1 + H20 TH 5: HaNR-COOR’ ‘Vi du: HaNCH2COOCH; (CaHt;02N) HaNCH2zCOOCH: + NaOH > H2NCHz-COONa + CH30H ‘TH6: RNH3 - HCO, 1 RINH, - NO3 TH Vids CHNHls-HCOs dutty no, CaHHO8ND GHaNHs -HCO3 biNts-No, *3NA0H —S HN CHy - CHy- NHy ++ NazCO3 + NaNO + 310 Cindy: Cach xac dinh céng thite cdu tao ciia cdc hgp chat dc bigt Dya vio s6 nguyén tir oxi va nite, em xét dan cdc trudmg hop nhw trén, 74 LE DANG KHUONG - NGUYEN XUAN TRUONGCHUONG 3: AMIN - AMINO AXIT - PEPTIT - PROTEIN BAi TAP Li THUYET AMIN Cong thire chung ciia amin no, don chic, mach hé: C)H2n-sN (021) Bac ciia amin: B3c amin 1a sé nguyén tir H bj thay thé trong NHs béi géc hidrocacbon. * Bac mét: CHsNH2 (metylamin) + Bac hal: GoHs-NH-CHs (etylmetylamin) *Bacba: CH3-N-CHs (trimetylamin) CH, Lyebazo * Metylamin va dong ding: lam xanh quy tim va lam hdng phenolphtalein, + Anilin va céc amin thom khde: khéng chuyén mau quy tim va phenolphtalein, + Thér ty luc bazo gitta cdc amin: (C2Hs)2NH > CoHlsNHz > CHsNHz > NHs > CcHlsNHa > (Colls)2NH BAITAP MAU va Co ban Cau 1: Céng thite chung cia amin no, don chige, mach hé 1a A, CoHousN (2 6). B.CrHonuaN (12 2). C.GHaiN (n2 2). D,CoHanesN (2 1). Hwong dan giai Goi cng thie phan ti cia amin 18 CyHonv2-2ke(NHe) {fiminne = k= 0 ‘Amin don chire ~> x= 1 Céng thite phan tir cia amin 1a C,HzyesNHz hay CyHanaN (m2 1) > bap an D Cau 2; Chat nao sau day thudc loai amin bac mét? A. CHSNHCHs, B. CHsNH2, C.(CHL)N. D.CH;CHaNHCHs. Hwéng dan giai Bac amin li s6 nguyén tiy H bj thay thé trong NHs béi g6c hidrocacbon. CH:NHCH3Ia amin bac hai. CH3NE2 I amin bac mot. (CHs)3N la amin bac ba. ‘CHaCH2NHCHs Ia amin bac hai, > Dap anB Cau 3; Trong céc amin sau: (1) CHsCH(CHs)NH2 ; (2) HsNCH:CH:NHz ; (3) CHsCH2CH2NHCHs, Chon cac amin bc mot va goi tén cita chéing A. Chi c6 (1): propylamin. B. (4) va (2); (4): isopropylamin; (2): etan-1,2-diamin, C. Chi cé6 (3): metylpropylamin. D. Chi cé (2): 1,2- diaminopropan. LE BANG KHUONG - NGUYEN XUAN TRUONG 75CHUONG 3: AMIN - AMINO AXIT - PEPTIT - PROTEIN Huong dan giai (1) CHeCH(CH,)NHz: isopropylamin (amin bac m§t), (2) HaNCH2CH:NHz: etan-1,2-diamin (amin bac mot). (3) CHCH2CHNHCHs: metytpropylamin (amin bac hai). = Dap anB Cau 4: Nhting gidy quy tim vao dung dich metylamin, mau quy tim chuyén thanh A.xanh, B. as Ctim D. vang Huéng dan giai Dung dich metylamin (CHsNH;) cé tinh bazo ~ lam quy tim chuyén thank mau xanh, 3 Dap ana Cau 5: Trong céc tén goi dui day, tén nao phi hop v6i chat CHsCH(CH)NH2? A.Metyletylamin, —-B.Etylmetylamin. _—C.Isopropanamin. _D. Isopropylamin. Hwéng dan giai CHaCH(CHs)NH2 66 tén goi la isopropylamin Dap anD v Van dung ‘Cau 6: S6 dong phan amin bac mét, chia vong benzen, cé cling cong thite phan tik CHioN 1a AB. B.2. cs. D4. Hwéng dan giai +h yn at Ma GrHoN chia vong benzen ~ Cac dong phan amin bac mét, chita vong benzen, cé cling céng thte phan tle CrHoN 13: CHa NH, CH CH; 3 NH, 06 of" of, « ‘NH cH, NH CoHoN cok > GHgN cé 4 ding phan amin bac mét, chia vong benzen. + Dap an D Cau 7: Phat biéu nao sau day dang? A. Tat cd céc amin déu lam quy tim 4m chuyén mau xan, B.O nhiét d6 thudng, tt c& cdc amin déu tan nhiéu trong née. C. Dé rita sach Sng nghi¢m c6 dinh anilin, cé thé ding dung dich HCl. D. Cac amin du kh6ng dc, duge st dung trong ché bién thuc phém. Hw6ng dan gidi Asai vi anilin khng lam quy am chuyén mau xanh. B sai vi anilin ft tan trong nuvéc. € ding vi xy ra phan ting sau: C,H,NH, +HCl-»{C, Dsai vi céc amin du rat dc. — Dap an C Cau 8: Hay cho biét anilin va metylamin cé tinh chat chung nao sau day? A. Deu tgo mudi amoni khi téc dung véi dung dich HCl. B. DBu tan tét trong nude va tao dung dich cé mai trwéng bazo manh. NHC 76 LE DANG KHUONG - NGUYEN XUAN TRUONGCHU'ONG 3: AMIN - AMINO AXIT - PEPTIT - PROTEIN. €. Dung dich du lam quy tim chuyén sang mau xanh. D, D’u tao két tiia khi cho tac dung véi dung dich Bro. Hwéng dan giai Adding vi: C,H NH, +HCl—>[C,H.NH,}"C- CH,NH, + HC1—[CH,NH,]°Cr B sai vi anilin tan it trong nuéc, metylamin tan tét trong née va 2 chat du cho dung dich c6 mai trrdng bazo yéu. Csai vianilin khOng lam déi mau quy. D sai vi chi cé anilin tao két tia khi cho tac dung voi dung dich Bre. NH, NH, Br. Br + 3Br; —» + 3HBr Br > Bap an A * Nangcao Cau 9: Cho X, Y, Z, T 1a cdc chat khac nhau trong sé 4 chat: NHa, CsHsQH (phenol), CsHsNHz (anilin) va cdc tinh chat duoc ghi trong bang sau: Chat x ¥ Zz T Nhigt €6 s61 CC) 182 84 “67 “334 pH (dung dich ndng 46 0,001M) | __ 6.48 782 7081 10,12 Nha xét no sau day ding? ALY Ia CelfsOH. B. ZI CHsNHD. CTIA GoHsNHe, D.X1a Nis Hwéng din giai Gla tr] pit duoc sp xép theo chigu tng dan nhw sau: CeHQH < CeHsNH bap inB Cau 10: Day gbm cdc chat dugc sap xép theo thi ty ting dan Iyc bazo tir trai sang phai Ia A. phenylamin, amoniac, etylamin, B, etylamin, amoniac, phenylamin, C etylamin, phenylamin, amoniac. D. phenylamin, etylamin, amoniac. Hwéng dan giai S4p xép theo thir ty tang dn luc bazo: CeHsNHz Dap ana BAI TAP TY LUYEN 4 Cau 1; Chat nao sau day thudc loai amin bac ba? A. Calls ~ NH. B. (CHs),N. €.CH3-NH-CHs. —-D.CHs~ NH. Cau 2: $6 amin bac mt e6 cling céng thc phan tir CsHoN 1a A. 3. B.1. G2. D.4, LE DANG KHUONG - NGUYEN XUAN TRUONG 71CHUONG 3: AMIN - AMINO AXIT - PEPTIT - PROTEIN CAu 3: Nhdn xét dng trong cdc trudng hop sau la ‘A. Dé lau trong khéng khé anilin bj chuyén sang mau vang do bi oxi héa. B, Cécamin cé a9 tan giém dn theo chiéu ting khdi long phan tir. Tat c& cdc amin déu khong ddc. D. Anilin kam quy tim chuyén sang mau xanh. Cau 4: Amin nao sau day ¢6 tinh bazo manh nhat? A. dimetylamin, B.metylamin. C. diphenylamin, D.anilin. Cau 5: Dé Khir mui tanh cita cd (gay ra do mét sé amin) ngui ta cé thé rita cé voi Avon, B.gidm. C.nuéc during, D, nude véi trong. Cau 6: Amin ton tai 6 trang thai léng trong diéu kign thudmg 12 Avanilin, B. metylamin. C.etylamin, D. dimetylamin, Cau 7: Phat biéu nao sau day vé tinh chat vat ly cla amin la khong ding? A.Metyl-, etyl-, dimetyl-, trimetylamin li nhitng chat khi, dé tan trong nuée. B.Céc amin kh{ c6 mi thom twong ty amoniac va déc. C Anilin la chat long, it tan trong nuéc. D. 6 tan ciia amin tang dn khi phan ti khdi ting. Cau 8: Phat biéu nao sau day Ia sai? A.N-Metylar gtamin thom. B. Metylamin phan tg v6i axit nitro’ & nhiét d6 thudng, sinh ra bot khi. C.Mudi metylamoni clorua khong tan trong née. D, Khi cho anilin phan éeng véi dung dich H2S0, loang, lay mudi vita tao ra cho tac dung voi Iwong dur dung dich NaOH lai thu dugc anilin. Cau 9: Cho anilin vao nuvéc, lic déu. Thém Ian wot dung dich HCI du, ri dung dich NaOH, du, hign tgng quan sét durgc la A. Liic du dng nat, sau dé bj phan l6p, ri dng nhat. B. Dung dich phan lop, rdi ddng nhdt, sau a6 bj phan lép. €. Dung dich phan l6p, sau &6 dng nhat. D, Litc dau trong dng nhat, sau d6 phan Iép. Cau 10; Nhing dia thily tinh thi nhat vao dung dich HCI dae, dia thay tinh thtr 2 vao lo dyng chat X LA mot trong cdc chat sau: trimetylamin, metylamin, alanin, etylamin, amoniac, anilin. Lay hai dia ra dé gan nhau, thay hién tong khdi trang. Cé bao nhiéu ch&t X tha mn hién tugng trén AL B.2. 63. D4. AP AN 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Cc B A B A D c B D HUGNG DAN GIAL cau a: Cols - NHz: amin bac mot. (CHa):N: amin bac ba. CH3 ~ NH ~ CHs: amin bac hai. CH: ~ NHz: amin bac mét. = ap anB. ah LE BANG KHUONG - NGUYEN XUAN TRUONGCHUONG 3: AMIN - AMINO AXIT - PEPTIT - PROTEIN Cau 2: k anya 2b thet =0 + C:HoN li amin no, don chite, mach hé. — Cac déng phan cu tgo ciia amin bac mét c6 cling céng thite phan tr C3HsN 1a: (1) CHsCH2CH.NH2 (2) (CHs),CHNE: > GsHsN c6 2 dong phan cu tao amin béc mot > bap anc Cau 3: A sai vi dé lu trong khéng khé anilin chuyén sang mau nau den vi bj oxi héa boi oxi chong kh{ (SGK 12 co ban - trang 41). B dling vi dé tan ciia cdc amin trong nuéc gidm dan theo chigu ting khéi lugng phan ti, C sai vi cdc amin d&u dc (SGK 12 co ban - trang 41). D sai vianilin khOng lam d6i mau quy tim (SGK 12 corbin - trang 43). = Dap anB Cau 4: Tinh bazo gidm dan theo thi tw: (CHs)2NH > CH3NH2 > CeHisNHz > (CeHs)2NH Hay dimetylamin > metylamin > anilin > diphenylamin Dap an A Cau 5: BE khit mili tanh cia e4 (gay ra do mot sO amin) ngwdi ta c6 thé ria ca vot gid vi amin cé tinh bazo nén phan tng duc voi gidm (CHsCOOH) cé tinh axit va sin phim tan trong nwéc, sau dé durgc logi bd. RNH2 + CHsCOOH > RNH, CH,COO™ = Dap an B cau6: Anilin & ch&t long (SGK héa 12 - cor ban - trang 41). Metylamin, dimetylamin va etylamin 1& chat khi (SGK héa 12 ~ co ban ~ trang 41). = Dap ina cau7: A diing (SGK 12 co ban - trang 41). B ding (SGK 12 co bin — trang 41). € ding (SGK 12 co ban - trang 41). D sai vi d@ tan ciia amin giam dn theo chiu ting cia phan tir Kh6i (SGK 12 co ban ~ trang 41). = ap an D caus: ‘A dting vi N-Metylanilin I& CHsNHCsHs c6 nhan thom nén 1a mOtamin thom, B ding vi: CHsNHz + HNO: ~> CH3OH + Nat + 10 Csai vi cdc muéi amoni déu tan. Dding vi 2CeHsNH2 + H2S04 > (CoHsNHs)280+ (CeHsNH3),S0, + 2NaQH > 2CeHsNHz + NazSO, + 2H20 > Bap an € LE DANG KHUONG - NGUYEN XUAN TRUONG 79CHUONG 3: AMIN - AMINO AXIT - PEPTIT - PROTEIN cau9: Anilin hau nbu khéng tan trong nuéc— khi cho anilin vao nue lac du sé bj phan 6p. Khi cho HCI vao ta c6 phan ting: C,H,NH, +HCl—>[C,H,NH,]"CI” ~ Anilin tan trong dung djch HC! va tao thanh dung dich dong nhat. Sau dé khi cho NaOH vao Ong nghiém sé xay ra phan tng: [C.H.NH,)'CI” + NaOH —> C,H,NH, +NaCl ~ Anilin tao thanh khOng tan trong nwéc va NaCl nén bi phan lép. ~ Dap anB Cau 10: Céc chat téc dung voi HCI tao khéi trang (muGi) 1: trimetylamin, metylamin, etylamin, amoniac. (CH,),N+HCl{(CH,),NH}'C” CH,NH, + HCl—>(CH,NH,]'Cr CH.NH, +HCl->[C,H.NH, Cr Nis + HCI > NHsCl ~ Dap 4nD BAI TAP TY’ LUYEN 2 Cau 4: Chat nao la an ai? AHN - CHe - NH. B. (CHs)2CH - NH2. C.CHSCHLNH - CH. D, (CHs)sN. ‘Cau 2: Phan tram khéi lung nite trong phan ti anilin bang A. 18,67%. B,12,96%. C.15,05% D.15,73%. Cau 3: C6 bao mhiéu amin bac ba la dng phan c4u tgo cia nhau tng vi cOng thite phan ti CHiN? A3 B.2, G5. D.4, Gu teHigp chityCHly—N— CH, CHs 66 én go la CH, A.trimetylmetanamin, > B. dimetyletanamin, .N-Dimetyletanamin. D.N,N-dimetyletanamin. Cau 5: Phat biéu nao sau day khong ding ? A. Amin duge tao thanh bing cach thay thé H cia NHs bing hidrocacbon. B. Béc ciia amin la bac cia nguyén ti cacbon lién két véi nhém amin, G. Tay thuge cu tric cita géc hidrocacbon, cé thé phan biét thanh amin no, chura no va thom, D. Amin c6 tir 2 nguyén tir cachon trong phan ti tré lén thi cé dng phan. Cau 6: Hay cho biét cong thitc nao sau day ding? A.CHSN. B.CH,N. CHEN. D.CHDN. Cau 7; Trong phan tir chat nao sau day c6 chika vong benzen? A. Etylamin, B. Propylamin. C. Metylamin. D. Phenylamin, Cau 8: Cho day cac chat: CcHsNH2 (1), CoHsNHe (2), (CeHs)2NH (3), (CoHs)2NH (4), NH3 (6). Day cdc ch&t sép x6p theo thé ty luc bazo gidm dan la A. 3), (1, 6), (2,8. B.(4), 1), (5), 2), 8). C. (4), (2), (3), @), (8). D. (4), (23, (5), @), (3). 80 LE DANG KHUONG - NGUYEN XUAN TRUONGCHUONG 3: AMIN - AMINO AXIT - PEPTIT - PROTEIN CAu 9: Amin X c6 chita ving benzen va c6 cng thitc l& CeHls.N. X ¢6 phan img thé H trong vong benzen v6i dung dich Bro. Khi cho X tac dung v6i HCI thu dugc mudi ¥ cé céng thie dang RNHGCI. X c6 bao nhiéu cong thre cau tao? AT. BO. ce. D6, Cau 10: Phuong trinh héa hgc nao du6i day ding? ‘A, CotisNH2 + HNOz "> CoHsOH + Nz + H20 B, CeHsNH2 + HNO + HCL "©" 5 C,H.N3CI + 2H20 C. CoHgNife + HINOz + HCl &2 CHN;Cl + 220 D, CoHisNHa + HNO: —*©© 5 C,HsOH + N20 + H20 DAP AN 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 c A D B A D D B B HU'ONG DAN GIAI Cau 1: Bac cita amin duge tinh bang sé géc hidrocacbon lién két voi nguyén tie nito. HaN ~ CH ~ NH2 la amin biic mot. (CHs}2CH ~ Nifz 18 amin bac mot. CHsCHaNH - CH amin bac hat. (CH3))N Ia amin bac ba. = Bap an ‘Cau 2: 4 Anilin 06 céng thie la CeHsNHe: 9%N=—~—"* _.100%=15,05' Hin €6 cOng thie CsHSNHe: Y6N= 355 5 100% % = Pap an C Cau 3: kextv BRAD th = CoHlisN la amin no, don chite, mgch hd. ~ Céc dng phan cu tgo cia amin bac ba cé cing cng thite phan ti CsHisN la: (1) (CHs)2NCHzCHiCHs (2) (CHs)aNCH(CHs)2 (3) (CHSCH2)2 N-CHs > CsHasN c6 3 dong phan cfu tao amin bacba. ~>DapanA cau 4: Hop chat. Cla—N — CH2CH3c6 tén goi 14 N,N-dimetyletanamin apa CH = Dap anD Cau 5: A ding (SGK 12 co ban - trang 40). B sai vi bac cia amin duoc tinh bang s6 géc hidrocacbon lién két véi nguyén té nite (SGK 12 co ban - trang 40). LE BANG KHUONG - NGUYEN XUAN TRUONG 81CHUONG 3: AMIN - AMINO AXIT - PEPTIT - PROTEIN Cdting (SGK 12 co’ ban - trang 40). D dang vi CHsN cé 1 dng phan 1a CHsNH2, CHiN 06 2 dng phan la CHsCH;NHz va CHsNHCHs, Dap an B Cau 6: Céng thttc ding la CHsN (CHsNH:) Dap an A cau 7: Céng thite edu tao dang thu gon cia cdc hop chat trén 1a: Etylamin: CoHsNHe Propylamin: CHsCH2CH2NHz Metylamin: CHsNH2 NH2 = Dap anD caus: Tinh bazo duge sip xép theo chiéu giam dn: (GoHs):NH > CHeNHz > NH > CoHsNH> (CoHls)2NH hay (4) > (2) > (5) > (1)> (3). > Dap an D Cau 9: Vi¥ 06 cng thie dang RNH3Cl nén X la amin bac mét. Mat khdc X c6 phan tng thé H trong vong benzen vi Brz nén X cé nhém -NHe gin truc tiép véi vong benzen C69 cng thite edu tao phi hop cia X: NH, NH, NH Hs Cols Hs NH NH) NH, CH 1c CHs NH, NH, NH HgC. CH HgC ‘CHy 'CH3 CH > Dap én B cau 10: Phuong trinh héa hoc ding la : CeFiNHz + HNO2 + HCl “£5 C,H.N3CI" + 2H20 > Dap an B 82 LE DANG KHUONG - NGUYEN XUAN TRUONGCHU'ONG 3: AMIN - AMINO AXIT - PEPTIT - PROTEIN Em [am bai kiém tra dw6i day 4é cing cd kién thie nhé! BAI KIEM TRA Cau 4: Metylamin la tén goi cla hgp chat nao dudi day? A.CHsCL B.CH:NH2. C.CHOH. D. CHsCH2NH:. Cau 2: Hop chat thom CeHeNHe khdng cé tén goi nao dwéi day? A. Benzylamin, B. Benzenamin. C.Phenylamin, D. Anilin. Cu 3: Hop chat 2,4-dimetylpyrol cé cong thie phan tit CéHaN. Chat nay cé thé 1a A, amin mét vong, hai lign két n. B. amin mét vong, no, . amin no, mach hé. D. amin ¢6 vong benzen. (Cau 4: Anilin (CeHlsNHfa) va phenol (CeHs0H) d8u cé phan tng voi A. dung dich HCL. B.dungdich NaOH. CG. nuécBro, D, dung dich NaCl. (Cau 5: Thanh phan % khéi Itong ca nite trong hop chat hiru co CHyN 1a 23,73%. $6 dang phan amin bac mgt théa man cdc dit kién trén la A. 3. B.1. C4 D.2. Cau 6: Day gbm céc chat déu lam quy tim 4m chuyén sang mau xanh la A. anilin, metylamin, amoniac. B. metylamin, amoniac, natri axetat. C.anilin, amoniac, natri hidroxit. D. amoni clorua, metylamin, natri hidroxit. Cau 7: Day cht nao sau day dirgc sp xép theo chiéu tang dn bac amin? A, CHsCH2NHCHs, CHsNHz,(CHa)zNCH:CHs. B. (CHs)2NCH2CHs, CHsNHz, CHsCH2NHCH2. C. CH3NH2, CHsCH2NHCHs, (CHs)2NCH2CH3. D. CH3NHz, (CHs)2NCH2CHs, CHsCH2NHCH. Cau 8: Khi thay thé nguyén tt H trong phan tir NH; bing g6c hidrocacbon thi tao thanh hop chat moi la A.amin. Beste, C.lipit. D. amino axit. Cau 9: Ung véi céng thir phan tir CHiN c6 x dng phan bac mét, y ddng phan amin bac hai va z dng phan amin bac ba. Céc gid trix, y, Tin hot bing A.4,3 val, B.4,2val. 63,380. D.3,2vat. min nao sau day thn tai & trang thai khi 6 diéu kién thong? B.Isopropylamin. _C, Butylamin, D. Trimetylamin. DAP AN 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 70 B A A Cc D B c A A D HUONG DAN GIAI cau: Metylamin li CHsNHe = Dap 4nB LE DANG KHUONG - NGUYEN XUAN TRUONG 83CHUONG 3: AMIN - AMINO AXIT - PEPTIT - PROTEIN Cau 2: ‘CsHsNH2 ‘Ten goi géc chifc la phenylamin. ‘Ten thay thé la benzenamin, ‘Ten thurdng goi la anilin. > Dap an A Cau 3: Hop chat CoHisN c6: 26zh oth =3 — CoHN 1a amin mat vong, hai lign két n. Dap anA Cau 4: Cac phuong trinh phan mg: C,H.NH, +HCl—>(C,H,NH,}'Cl- CeHsOH + NaOH — CeHlsONa + H20 NH, NH, Br. Br + 3Bry—> | + 3HBr r oH Ht Br. Br + 3Bry—> | 4 SHBr Br ~ Anilin (CeHsNHa) vA phenol (CollsOH) du cd phan ting véi née brom, + bap anc caus: CHIN: 9%6N=—— 4 100% =23,73% > 12x+y =45->x 4 Bx+y+i4 — COng thie phan tir cita hop chat trén 1a CsHyN ~ Cac dng phan c4u tao cia amin bac mt c6 cling cng thtte phan tir CoHoN 1a: (1) CHCH.CH2NHz (2) (CHs).CHNE2 > GiHsN c6 2 amin bacmot = ap 4nD. Cau 6: ¥ Anilin (CeHNH,) c6 tinh bazo nhung khéng lam aéi mau quy tim. ¥ Metylamin (CHsNHB) c6 tinh baze va lam quj tim chuyén sang mau xanh, ¥ Amionac (NH) cé tinh bazo va lim quy tim chuyén sang mau xanh, ¥ Natri axetat (CHsCOONa) 18 mudi cita bazo’ manh (NaOH) va axit yéu (CHsCOOH) nén lam quj tim chuyén sang mau xanh, ¥ Natri hidroxit (NaOH) la bazo manh nén lam quy tim chuyén sang mau xanh, Y Amoni clorua (NH¢CI) 1a mudi cia axit manh (HCI) va bazo yéu (NHs) nén lam quy tim chuyén sang mau dé, Dap anB 84 LE DANG KHUONG - NGUYEN XUAN TRUONGCHUGNG 3: AMIN - AMINO AXIT - PEPTIT - PROTEIN cau 7: CHyN#218 amin bac mot. CHsCHaNHCHs Ia amin bac hal. (Cl1s)zNCH2CHs la amin bac ba. Day chat dug sip xép theo chiéu ting dan b4c amin 1a: CHsNHlz, CHsCH:NHCHs, (CHs)2NCH2CHs > Dap anc Cau 8: Khi thay thé nguyén tir H trong phan tir NHs bing géc hidrocacbon ta thu duec amin (SGK 12 corbin - trang 40). = Bap ana cau 9: CHiN 6; k= CsHiuiN 18 amin no, don chire, mach he. Cac dong phan amin bac mét cla C4HnsN 1a: (1) CHg - CH, - CH, -CH, - NH (2) CH - CH, - CH -CHy NH, Gs He (3) CH - C- CH (4) CH - CH- Cy NH) CH3, Cac dng phan amin bac hai cila CsHiN 1a: (1) CH; -CHz-CH2-NH-CH3 (2) CH3-CH2-NH-CH,-CH3 (3) CH3- CH -NH-CH3 Hs Ong phan amin bac ba cla CaHr.N Ta: CH ~ N ~ CH - Cg CH; — Cac gid trix, y, z, lan lwot bang: 4, 3, 1. ~ Dap An A Cau 10: ‘Amin thn tai 6 trang théi khi & digu kién thudng 1a trimetylamin (SGK 12 co ban - trang 41). = Dap an D LE DANG KHUONG - NGUYEN XUAN TRUONG 85CHUONG 3: AMIN - AMINO AXIT- PEPTIT - PROTEIN AMINO AXIT ‘Tinh chat héa hgc céta amino axit Y Tinh chat luGng tinh HaN ~ CH ~ COOH + HCI» ClHf, N ~ CHa - COOH HN - CH - COOH + NaOH > HeN - CHz - COONa + HO ¥ Tinh axit - bazo cita dung djch amino axit ‘a>b—xanh (NHs).-R-(COOH)y + quy tim: |#=b —>khongaéi min acb+ad VY Phan img tring ngung DHN-[CH2]5-COOH =P. -{NH-{[CH]5-CO}, +nH,0 BAI TAP MAU v= Coban Cau 4: Phat biéu khéng ding li A. Trong dung dich, H2N-CHz- COOH cdn tn tal 6-dang ion hong cuc H,N-CH, COO” B. Amino axit la hgp chat hvu co tap chite, phan tir chtta dng thoi nhom amino va nhom cacboxyl. G. Amino axit l& nhiing chat ran, két tinh, tan t6t trong nu6c va c6 vi ngot. D. Hop chit HzN-CHz-COOHSN-Cis la este cia glyxin. Hwong dan giz A ding: NH,—CH,-COOH <=> H,N-CH, ~COO™ B dung: Amino axit 18 hop chat hitu co tap chitc, phan tir chita ding thoi nhém amino -NHb va nhém cacboxyl -COOH (SGK 12 nang cao - trang 63). € ding (SGK 12 nang cao - trang 64). D sai: Hop cht H2N-CH2-COOHN-CHs tao nén tir phan ting axit-bazo cla glyxin HiN- CH2-COOH va amin CHsNHz nén khéng [a este cia glyxin HN-CH2-COOH + CHsNHz —> H:N-CHz-COOHSN-CH3 > Dap nD Cau 2: Amino axit nao sau day 1am xanh quy tim? A. Axit glutamic, B. Alanin, G.Lysin, D. Valin, Hwéng dan gid Axit glutamic: HOOCCH(NH2)CH:CH2COOH Lysin: HoN{CH2]«CH(NH2}COOH Alanin: CH3CH(NH2)COOH 86 LE BANG KHUONG - NGUYEN XUAN TRUONGCHUNG 3: AMIN - AMINO AXIT - PEPTIT - PROTEIN Valin: (CH;),CHCH(NH2)COOH = Lysin ¢6 sé nhém NHz nhiéu hon s6 nhém COOH nén lam gidy quy tim chuyén sang mau xanh, > Dap an (Cau 3: $6 dng phan amino axit c6 céng thitc phan tir CsH02N 1a Al, B.2. C3 Hung dan giai DA =0— C3H702N 1a amino axit no, don chic mach ho. (1): H,NCH,CH,COOH Céc cong thife théa man: (2): CH,CH(NH, COOH = Dap 4nB Cau 4: Trong cdc chat duéi day, chat nao 1a glyxin? ‘A. HN-CHz-COOH. B. CHs-CH(NH;)-COOH. CHOOC-CH2CH(NH2)-COOH. D. HiN-CH,CH2-COOH. Huong dan giz Glyxin c6 cong tite héa hoc la HaN-CHz-COOH. > pap an A ‘Cau 5: Monome nao sau day triing ngung tao ra policaproamit (nilon-6)? A.Axit ¢-aminocaproic. B, Hexametylendiamin. © Axit © -aminoenantoic. D. Caprolactam. Hwéng dan gidi Monome tring ngung tao ra policaproamit (nilon-6) la axit e-aminocaproic nH,N-[CH,],—COOH —“> {NH-{CH,], CO}, + nH1,0 e-aminocaproic nilon-6 Bap dn A Cau 6: Cong thite chung cia amino axit no, mach hé, cé hai nhém cacboxyl va mt nhém amino la A. CoHanNO2. B, CallansNOu. C.CaHaaNOs, C. CeHlanesNOs. Hwéng din giai Amino axit no, mach hd, e6 hal nhém cacboxyl (-COOH) va mgt nhém amino (-NH2) >k=2 Goi céng thite tng quét clia aminoaxit trén 1a CHaNOs vi keg 2atzemst =2>m=2n-1 > Cong thite ciia amino axit trén 18 CzHaeiNOs + Dap An B Van dung Cau 7: Trong cc dung dich: CHs-CH2-NHz, H2N-CHe-COOH, HaN-CHz-CH(NHz)-COOH, HOOC-CH2-CHz-CH(NHz)-COOH, Sé dung dch lam xanh quj tim la AA. B.3. 1. D.2. LE DANG KHUONG - NGUYEN XUAN TRUONG 87CHU'ONG 3: AMIN - AMINO AXIT - PEPTIT - PROTEIN Hung dan giai Dung dich 1am quy tim chuyén sang mau xanh c6 pH>7: + Amin: CHa~CHy-NH2 + Amino axit cé nhOm —- NHz nhigu hon nhém COOH: HaN-CH2-CH(NH2)-COOH C62 chat théa man. > Dap anD Cau 8: Phat biéu nao sau day 1a ding? A. Axit glutamic la thanh phn chinh cia bot ngot. B. Amino axit thudc loai hop chat hivu co tap chitc. C. Cac amino axit thién nhién hau hét 1a cdc B-amino axit. D. O nhiét d6 thwong, cic amino axit déu la nhiing cht long. Hw6ng din giai Asai vi thanh phan chinh ca bét ngot ld mudi mononatri cita axit glutamic. B ding amino axit c6 2 loai nhém chite la - COOH va - NH. C sai vi cac amino axit thién nhién hau hét la cdc a-amino axit. D sai vi omhiét dé thuéng, cic amino axit du la nhiing chat ran 6 dang tinh thé, = Dap anB “ Nang cae Cau 9: Amino axit X chia mt nhém -NHz va mét nh6m -COOH trong phén ti. ¥ 1a este chia X voi ancol don chitc, My = 89. Céng thtte ciia X, Yan lugt la ‘A. HaN-CHa-COOH, HaN-CHo-COOC2Hs. B, HzN-CHz-COOH, HeN-CHe-COOCHS. C. HzN-[CHz]2-COOH, HeN-[CHz]e-COOC:Hs. _D, HaN-[CHz]2-COOH, HaN-[CHz]2-COOCHs. Hwéng dan giai X:H,N-R-COOH Y:H.N-R-COOR' [M,+M,+16+44=89 | (M, +M,.=29 R20; R'vH ae R'H ony Ra M, =89 (eee fant coo > > R':-CH, ” |Y:H,N-CH, ~COOCH, > Dap an B Cau 10; Hai hop chat hitu corX va Y c6 cling cong thie phan tir 1 C3HyNOz du la chat rin 6 digu kign thuéng, Chat X phan ting voi dung dich NaOH, gli phéng khi. Chat ¥ ¢6 phan ing triing ngung, Cac chat X va Y lan lwgt la A. vinylamoni fomat va amoni acrylat. B. amoni acrylat va axit o-aminopropionic. C. axit a-aminopropionic va amoni acrylat. D. axit a-aminopropionic va axit B-aminopropionic. Hwéng din giat X la CHo=CHCOONH; (amoni acrylat) Y la CHs-CH(NHz)-COOH (axit a-aminopropionic). M,=14 M, =15 88 LE BANG KHUONG - NGUYEN XUAN TRUONG:CHUONG 3: AMIN - AMINO AXIT - PEPTIT - PROTEIN Phuong trinh héa hoc ciia phan ing: CHz=CHCOONH, + NaOH ~ CHz=CHCOONa + NHst +20 nCH,-CH-COOH "Ps {NH-CH-CO}, + nH,O NH, City > Dap anB BAI TAP TU LUYEN 1 Cau 1; Amino axit X c6 phan tir khéi bang 75, Tén cita X18 Avalanin. B. glyxin. CG valin, D.lysin, Cau 2: Cho céc chat hiru co: CHsCH(CHs)NH2 (X) va CHaCH(NH2)COOH (¥}. Tén thay thé cia X va ¥ lin huot la A. propan-L-amin va axit 2~aminopropanoic. B. propan-1-amin va axit aminoetanoic. C. propan-2-amin va axit aminoetanoic, D. propan-2-amin va axit 2-aminopropanoic. Cau 3: Dung dich nao sau day lam phenolphtalein di mau? A. Axit axetic, B, Glyxin. © Alanin, D. Metylamin. Cau 4; Alanin 06 cng thitc 18 ‘A. CeHs-NH2, B. CHs-CH(NHz)-COOH. €. HzN-CH2-COOH. D. HzN-CH2-CH.-COOH. (Cau 5: $6 nhém amino va sé nhém cacboxyl c6 trong mOt phan tit axit glutamic twong tng 1a A.iva2, B.1val C2val D.2va2, Cau 6: Cho day chuyén héa: Glyxin 2-5 X, 5X2, Vay % 1a A. CIHsNCHCOOH. B. HzNCHzCOONa. C.H:NCH2COOH. D, CINHsCH.COONa. (Cau 7: Trang thai va tinh tan cia amino axit 8 A, chat rin, khong tan trong nuéc B. chat Jong khOng tan trong nwéc. C. chat rén, dé tan trong murée. D. chat lng, d@ tan trong nurée. Cau 8: Cho céc chat HzN-CHz-COOH (X) HsC-NH-Clfs-CH (¥) CHs-CHe-COOH (2) CeHs-CH(NH2)COOH (T) HOOC-CH.-CH(NH2}-COOH (G) HN-CH2-CHz-CHo-CH(NH2)-COOH (P). Cac chat la amino axit A.) 2), (2, (1). B.(X), (¥), (6), (P). C0), (2,0). D.(), (1), (G), (P)- Cau 9: C6 cdc dung dich rigng bigt sau: CcHsNHsCl, H2NCHzCH2(NH2)COOH, CIHsNCH:COOH, HOOCCH2CH:CH(NH-)COOH, HaNCH.COONa. Sé luwgng céc dung dich c6 pH<71a A. B.S. C4. D.3. LE DANG KHUONG - NGUYEN XUAN TRUONG, 89CHUONG 3: AMIN - AMINO AXIT - PEPTIT - PROTEIN CAu 10; Cho so dé chuyén héa sau: X—*SHOWHE, y _scHoHNELE 7 _snsotterst op Biét X la axit glutamic, Y, Z, Ta cdc chat hitu co chita nito. Cong thitc phan tir cia Y, T [an hwot la A. Cotls204NCI va CeH,0.NaeN. B. CoHls204N va CsH,0,NazN. €. CrHi,04NCI va CsH0 Dap inB 1 2 3 30201 CHg-CH-CH3_ propan-2-amin CHy-CH-COOH axit 2-amino propanoic NH, NH > Dap anD cau 3: Dung dich lam phenolphtalein 46i mau cé moi truéng bazo. ¥ Axit axetic (CHsCOOH) cé méi truong axit, ¥ Glyxin (NHeCH2COOH) va alanin (CHsCH(NH:)COOH) c6 mai trudng trung tinh. ¥ Metylamin (CHsNH,) 06 méi truéng bazo. ~ Dap an D Cau 4: Tén goi cita cdc chat trén 1a CeHs-NEz: Anitin CHs-CH(NH,)-COOH: Alanin HzN-CHa-COOH: Glyxin HigN-CHz-CHz-COOH: Axit 3-aminopropanoic = Dap nB Cau 5: Axit glutamic: HOOC(CH2}2CH(NH:)COOH > c6 1 nhém -NHe va 2 nhém cacboxyl-COOH > Dap dn A Cau 6: H,NCH,COOH + NaOH» H,NCH,COONa +H,0 Glyxin Xx H,NCH,COONa + 2HC!—>CINH,CH,COOH + NaCl xX > Dap and 90 LE DANG KRUONG - NGUYEN XUAN TRUONGCHU'ONG 3: AMIN - AMINO AXIT - PEPTIT - PROTEIN cau 7: Amino axit la chat ran, twong @6i dé tan trong nuéc (SGK 12 co’ ban - trang 46). > Dap an Cau 8: Amino axit l8 loai hyp chat hitu co tap chitc, phan tir chira déng thi nhém amino (-NH2) va nhém cacboxyl (-COOH). = Trong céc hop chat trén, amino axitla HeN-CH2-COOH (X) Celle-CH(NHz)COOH (T) HOOC-CH2-CH(NH2)-COOH (6) HzN-CH2-CHz-CH2-CH(NH:)-COOH (P) ~ Dap 4nD cau 9: Dung dich c6 pH<7 la: ++ Mu6i c6 cdu tao cation cé tinh bazo yu va anion c6 tinh axit man: C,H,NH, Cl 1H, NCH,COOH + Amino axit ¢6 sd nhém ~COOH 1én hon nhém ~NHy: HOOC-CHaCH2CH(NHs)-COOH > C6 3 chat théa man > Dap dn D Cau 10: Ta c6 cdc phwong trinh phan tg: HOOC- [CHig]2~CH-COOH + CH,0H HOW Hooc- (CHela- CH -COOCH, + 9,0 NH, NH, HOOG - (CH3]2- mH -COOCH; +HCl ——s HO00C-[CH)],- oH -COOCH3 NH, @) N*HACr HOOC- [CHz}2- CH -COOCH, + CoHsOH <= C;H,0C0 - [CHy}2 - CH -COOCH, + H20 Htc 1 () —N*HCr (@ NHACr CH; 0CO - [CH,], - CH -COOCH; + 3Na0H ——= NaOOC- [CHa]2- a ~COONa + H,0 I (2) N*HACr (1) NH, +CHjOH+C)Hs0H + NaCl SY, Tlanlugtla CsHi204NCl va CsH/OyNaaN ~DapanA BAL TAP TY’ LUYEN 2 Cau 1. Tén goi cita amino axit nao duéi day 14 ding? A, CHs-CH(NHz)-COOH (anilin). B, CHs-CH(CH3)-CH(NEz}-COOH (valin). C. H2N-CHz-COOK (glixerin). D, HOOC-(CHz)2-CH(NHz)-COOH (axit glutaric). LE DANG KHUONG - NGUYEN XUAN TRUONG 91CHUONG 3: AMIN - AMINO AXIT - PEPTIT - PROTEIN Cau 2: Dung dich nao sau day lam quy tim ddi thanh mau xanh? A.Dung dich glyxin. —-B,Dungdjchalanin, — C.Dungdjchlysin. —_‘D, Dung dich valin. Cau 3: Phan trim khéi lwong cia nguyén t6 nito trong alanin la A.15,73%. B. 18,67%. €.15,05%. D.17,98%, Cau 4: Cho ba dung dich cé cing ndng a4 mol: (1) HzNCH2COOH, (2) CHsCOOH, (3) CHsCH.NHe. Day xép theo thir ty pH ting dan 1a A. (2), (1), (3). B. (3), (1), (2). C. (4), (2), 3). D. (2), (3), (1). Cau 5. c-amino axit l4 amino axit ma nhém amino gin & vj tri cacbon thir may ti cacbon cia nhém cacboxyl A3. B.2. C4 D.1. Cau 6. Ung dung nao cita amino axit dui day durgc phat biéu khong ating? A. Cac amino axit (nh6m amin & vj trf sé 6, 7...) 18 nguyén ligu s4n xudt to nilon, B. Axit glutamic Kim thudc bé thin kinh, methionin la thudéc bé gan. C, Amino axit thign nhién 18 co-sé-kign tao protein cho co thé sing. D. Muéi dinatri glutamat lam gia vj cho thitc an (bot ngot). Cau 7: Cho so dd bién héa sau: Alanin “45 x —“" yy. Chat ¥ 1a chat nao sau day? ‘A. CHs-CH(NH2)-COONa. B. HeN-CHy-CH-COOH, C. CH,CH(NH, CCooH. D, CH,CH(NH, C}COONa. CAu 8: V6i thudc thir duy nhat la quy tim sé nhan biét duge day dung dich nao sau day? ‘A. CHsCOOH, CcHsOH, HzNCH2COOH. B. CallsNHe, HaNCH2COOH, CH;COOH, C. CollsNHf, CoH1sOH, HaNCH2COOH, D. CHsCOOH, CeHsOH, CHsCH2NH2. Cau 9; Amino axit la hop chat hu co’trong phan tit chtra: A. Mét nhém amino va mét nhém cacboxyl. B, Mot hogc nhiéu nhém amino va mét hoac nhiéu nhém cacboxyl. Chi cha nhém amino. D. Chi chira nhém cacboxyl. Cau 10: Nhan dinh nao sau day 1a chinh xac? ‘A. Amino axit c6 tinh luéng tinh nén dung dich cla né ludn cé pH = 7. B. pH ciia dung dich céc o-amino axit bé hon pH cita cdc dung dich axit cacboxylic no tuong img cling ning d6. €. Dung dich axit aminoaxetic téc dung duc véi dung dich HCl D, Trang ngwng cic o-amino axit tao thanh cdc polime thudc loal poliamit. DAP AN 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 B ¢ A A B D D D B c HUONG DAN GIAI caul: Tén goi cita cdc hop chat trén la: ‘CHs-CH(NH2)-COOH: Alanin CH-CH(CHa)-CH(NHz)-COOH: Valin HeN-CHz-COOH: Glyxin HOOC-{CH2}2-CH(NHz)-COOH: Axit glutamic + Dap anB 92 LE DANG KHUONG - NGUYEN XUAN TRUONGCHUONG 3: AMIN - AMINO AXIT - PEPTIT - PROTEIN Cau 2: Dung dich lam quy tim 46i mau xanh 1a dung djch cé moi treéng bazo. ¥ Glyxin: HeNCHeCOOH 6 1 nhém -NHe va 1 nhém -COOH = dung dch cé méi trudng trung tinh, ¥ Alanin: CHsCH(NH2)COOH cé 1 nh6m -NElz va 1 nhém -COOH = dung dich c6 moi truvdng trung tinh, Y Lysin: HoN[CHa],CH(NH2)COOH c6 2 nhém -NHz va 1 nhém ~COOH — dung dich o6 moi trudng bazo. Valin: (CH:)2CHCH(NHz)COOH c6 1 nhém -NH; va 1 nhém -COOH + dung dich c6 mdi trudng trung tinh. ~ Dap an € Cau 3: Alanin:CH,CH(NH,)COOH —» %N= # 100%= 15,73% > Dap ana Cau 4: (1)H:NCH2COOH : m6i trudng trung tinh, (2) CH;COOH:: méi treéng axit. (3) CHaCH2NHe: méi trueng bazo. Sap xép theo thér ty pH tang dan : (2) < (1) <(3) > Dap an A Cau 8: ‘-amino axit la amino axit ma nhém amino gin 6 vi tri cacbon thi 2 tiy cacbon cla nhém cacboxyl > Dap an B Cau 6: A,B,C diing (SGK 12 co ban - trang 47). D sai vi mudi mononatri glutamat ding lam gia vi thie &n (bot ngot) (SGK 12 co ban - trang 47). Bap an D cau 7: (Céng thitc cita alanin 1a CH3-CH(NHz)-COOH. Cac phuong trink phan tng: CHy-CH-COOH +NaOH —m® CH3-CH-COONa +H,0 NH, Hy Cg-GH-COONa HCl —s» CHy-CH-COOH #NaCl NH2 H3N‘cr ~ Dap nD Cau 8: Diing quy tim ta cé thé nhan biét duoc day chat CHsCOOH, CsHsOH, CHsCH2NH2 vi * CHeCOOH c6 tinh axit > quy tim chuyén sang mau 43 © CHsCH2NHz¢6 tinh baze — quy tim chuyén sang mau xanh © CellgOH lchéng lam 46i mau quy tim = Dap dn D LE DANG KHUONG - NGUYEN XUAN TRUONG 93CHUONG 3: AMIN - AMINO AXIT - PEPTIT - PROTEIN Cau 9: Trong phan tie amonio axit chtra m6t hodc nhigu nhém amino va mét ho&c nhiéu nhém cachoxyl. > Dap 4nB Cau 10: A, B sai vi pH! cia dung dich amino axit phy thudc vao sé lwong nhém amino va nhém cacboxyl trong phan tit. dling vi:H,NCH,COOH + HCl-» CINH,CH,COOH D sai vi tring ngung céc e- ho{c o-amino axit tao thanh c4c polime thudc loai poliamit (SGK 12 ~ co ban trang 47). > Dap nC Em lam bai kiém tra duréi day a€ cing ¢6 kién thite nhé! BAI KIEM TRA Céu 1: Dung dich nao sau day lam quy tim chuy€n mau xanh? A.Phenylamoniclorua, B, Anilin. C. Glyxin. D. Etylamin. Cau 2: Cho 2 dung djch sau: (X) HzN-CHe-COOH; (Y) HOOC-CH(NH2)-CH:-COOH. Hign twong xdy ra khi nlving quy tim vao mdi dung dich trén? A.X,¥ lam quy héa da, B.X kh6ng lam quy d6i mau, Y lam quy héa dé. €.X lam quy chuyén xanh, ¥ héa dé, D.X va Y khong 46i mau quj tim, CAu 3: Cho cdc chat sau: axit glutamic, valin, lysin, glyxin, alanin, dimetylamin, anilin. $6 chat lam quy tim chuyén sang mau dé, mau xanh va khong déi mau [an lugt la A.2,2,3. B.1,2,4 C244, D.2,3,2. (Cau 4: Cho day chuyén héa: Glyxin “4 > X=“, y, vay Ya A. CINH,CH,COOH B, H:NCH:COONa, C.HANCH:COOH. D. CINH,CH,COONa (Cau 5: Chat nao sau Gay e6 kh6i lugng mol phan tirlém nhdt? A.Glyxin, B.Lysin. C.Axit glutamic. D.Alanin. Cu 6: Chat nao sau day vita tac dyng voi alanin vira tac dung voi metylamin? A. NaOH. B.CHSOH. cHCl. D.Nacl. Cau 7: Phat biéu nao sau day ding? A.O nhiét 6 thudng, cdc amino axit du 1a nhémng chat long. B, Cacamino axit thién nhién hau hét la céc B-amino axit. €.Axit glutamic Ia thanh phan chfnh cika bOt ngot. D. Amino axit thuéc loai hop chat hau co tap cite. Cau 8: Hoa tan mét a-amino axit X vao née cé pha val gigt quy tim thy dung dich 6 tir mau tim chuyén sang mau xanh. X c6 tén thong thudng 1a A.Valin, B. Lysin. €.Axit glutamic. D. Glyxin. 94 LE DANG KHUONG - NGUYEN XUAN TRUONGCHUONG 3: AMIN - AMINO AXIT - PEPTIT - PROTEIN Cau 9: Cho so dé phan tng : CsHl,O2N + NaOH > (B) + CHsOH. Cong thite cdu tao ca (B) 1a A. CHsCOONH,. B.CHsCH:CONH2 CC. HzN-CH-COONa,_D, CHsCOONH«, Cau 10: Phat biéu nao du6i day v8 aminoaxit 1a khéng ding? A. Théng thudng dang ion long cyc ld dang tén tai chinh cita aminoaxit trong dung dich. B. Aminoaxit ngoai dang phan tik (H2NRCOOH) cdn cé dang ion wong circ (HsN*RCOO}). C. Aminoaxit la hop chat hu co tap chic, phan tir chita ddng thai nhém amino va nh6m cacboxyl. D. Hop chat HzNCOOH Ia aminoaxit don gidn nat. DAP AN 1 2 3 4 3 6 7 8 9 10 DB B B B c c D B c D HUONG DAN GIAI cau 4: Dung dich: CeHsNHsCl 1am quy tim chuyén mau dé. CeHsNNHz khong lam chuyén mau quy tim, HaNCH2COOH kh6ng kim chuyén mau quy tim. CcHsNHe lam quy tim chuyér mau xanh, > Dap nD cau 2: (X) HaN-CHz-COOH + Khong lam quy di mau. (X) HOOC-CH(NE2}-CHe-COOH — Quy tim chuyén sang mau 46. > Dap anB Cau 3: Cong thite edu tgo ctia cdc chit a: ‘Axit glutamic: HOOC-CH(NH)-CH2-CHz-COOH~ Lam quy chuyén sang mau 46 ‘Valin: CHs-CH(CHs)-CH(NHz)-COOH— Khong 4éi mau quy tim Lysin: HzN-{CHz]4-CH(NH2)-COOH — Lam quy chuyén sang mau xanb. Glyxin: HeNCH2COOH ~ Khéng 46i mau quy tim, ‘Alanin: CHo-CH(NH2)-COOH > Khong di mau quy tim. Dimetylamin: CH;NHCHs > Lam quy tim chuyén sang mau xanh, Anilin; ColsNHz > Khong déi mau quy tim, C6 1 ch4t lam quy tim chuyén sang mau 46, 2 chat chuyén mau xanh va 4 chat khong déimau > DapanB Cau 4: Ta cé phwong trinh héa hoc ciia cdc phan tng H,NCH,COOH + HCL>CINH,CH,COOH x CINH,CH,COOH + 2NaOH—> H,NCH,COONa + NaCl +H, 0 Y > Dap 4nB LE DANG KHUONG - NGUYEN XUAN TRUONG 95CHUONG 3: AMIN - AMINO AXIT - PEPTIT - PROTEIN Cau 5: Glyxin: HzNCH.COOH; M = 75 g/mol. Lysin: HoN{CH2]sCH(NH2)COOH; Axit glutamic: HOOC-CH(NH2)-[CH2]2-COOH, Alanin: CH3CH(NH2)COOH; M = 89 g/mol, > Dap an€ Cau 6: Chat vira téc dung voi alanin via tac dung voi metyl amin la HC! vi: CHj-CH-COOH +HCl — CH3-CH-COOH +NaCl NHp HN*cr 46 g/mol. = 147 g/mol. CH,NH, + HCI+CH, NH, Gl > bap anc Cau 7: Asai vi cdc amino axit thuéng la chét rén (SGK 12 co’ban trang 46). Bsai vi cac amino xit thién nhién hau hét 4 a-amino axit (SGK co ban ~ trang 47). C sai vi mu6i mononatri ca axit glutamic duoc ding lam b6t ngot (SGK 12 co ban - trang 47). D ding (SGK 12 co ban - trang 45). ~ Dap an D Cau 8: Céng thie héa hoc cia cdc hop chat trén Ia: Valin: CHs-CH(CHs)-CH(NHz)-COOH Lysin: HoN-[CHz}4-CH(NHz)-COOH Axit glutamic: HOOC-CH(NH2)-CH2-CH2-COOH Glyxin: H2NCH2COOH Vi khi haa tan X vio nude cb pha vai gigt quy tim thy dung dich chuyén sang mau xanh > Trong phan tir X cé sé nhém -NHz nhiéu hon sé nhém -COOH. > X1alysin > Dap anB Cau 9: ‘Ta c6 phwong trinh phan ting HaN-CH2-COOCH3 + NaOH — H2N - CH2 - COONa + CH30H — Bla H2N - CH, - COONa. Dap dn Cau 10: A, B dung (SGK 12 co ban trang 46). C dking (SGK 12 corban trang 45). Dsai vi aminoaxit don gian nhat la H2NCH2COOH, > Dap nD 96 LE DANG KHUONG - NGUYEN XUAN TRUONGCHU'O'NG 3: AMIN - AMINO AXIT - PEPTIT - PROTEIN PEPTIT $6 lién két peptit = sé a-amino axit tgo thanh - 1 Peptit c6 sé lién két peptit 2 2 + Cu(OH), — Phite mau tim S6_n peptit c6 thé tao thanh tir x a-amino axit a x" S6 dong phan n peptit chira n g6c -amino axit khde nhau 1a nl BAI TAP MAU 3 Co ban ‘Cau 1: Bét chy hoan to’n chat hu co ndo sau day thu durgc sn phdmm c6 chika Ne? A. Xenjulozo. B. Tinh bét. C. Chat béo. D. Protein. Huwéng dan giai Phuong an A, B, C.c6 cOng thite chung la G0, Phuong an D 6 cong thie chung C.H,O.N.- + Khi dét chay hop chat hatu co thu duge sn phim c6 chika Nz Ki CsHyO.No- > Dap anD Cau 2: Khi néi v8 peptit va protein, phat bigu nao sau day 1A sai? A. Protein cé phan émg mau biure véi Cu(OH)2 B. Lién két cla nhém CO v6i nhém NH gitra hai don vi c-amino axit duge got a lién két peptit. €. Thily phan hoan toan protein don gian thu dugc céc a-amino axit. D. Tat cd cdc protein déu tan trong nudc tao thanh dung dich keo. Hung dan gidi A diing (SGK 12 nang cao trang 73). B ding (SGK 12 nang cao trang 69) € ding (SGK 12 nang cao trang 72). D sai vi protein hinh sgi hoan toan khéng tan trong nude (SGK 12 nang cao). > Dap 4nD Cau 3: $6 lién két peptit cé trong mét phan ti Ala-Gly-Val-Gly-Ala la AL 2. BA, CS. D.3. Hwéng din gidi $6 lién két peptit = sé a-amino axit tgo thanh - 1 = sO lidn két peptit=5-1=4 + BapanB Cau 4: Thudc thir duoc diing dé phan biét Gly-Ala-Gly voi Gly-Ala la A. dung dich NaOH, B. dung dich NaC. €.Cu(OH)2 trong mdi trwdng kiém. D. dung dich HCl. Hung dan gidi Dimg Cu(OH): trong mai trong kim dé phan biét Gly-Ala-Gly v6i Gly-Ala vi Dipeptit Gly-Ala khong c6 phan ng mau biure ‘Tripeptit Gly-Ala-Gly c6 phan tng mau biure + phitc mau tim. = Bap an€ LE DANG KHUGNG - NGUYEN XUAN TRUONG 97CHUONG 3: AMIN - AMINO AXIT - PEPTIT - PROTEIN Cau 5: Cho cdc chat sau; (1)NHz[CH:]sCONH[CH2]sCOOH. (2)NH2CH(CHs)CONHCH-COOH. (3) Ni: CHeCH-CONHCH2COOH. (4)NH,{CH]sNHCO[CH.],COOH, Hop chat nao c6 lién két peptit? A.2.8.4. B10... _ CQ). D.2),@). Hwéng dn giai Lign két peptit la lién két -CONH- glia 2 don vj a-amino axit. (1): NHp[CH2]sCONH[CH}sCOOH duge tgo thanh tir HaN(CHa)sCOOH (¢-amino axit). (2): NHeCH(CH:)CONHCH2COOH dug tao thanh tly H2NCH (CHs)COOH (a- amino axit) va H2NCH,COOH (a- amino axit), (3): NH>CH:CH,CONHCH2COOH duoc tao thanh tir H,NCH2CH;COOH (f-amino axit) va HaNCH.COOH («- amino axit). (4): NHo(CH2} Hop chat c6 lign két peptit la (2). ~ Dap an v Van dung Cau 6: S6 dipeptit tdi da c6 thé tao ra tir m6t hén hep gdm alanin va glyxin Ia A. 3. B. c2. D.4. Hueng dan giai 86 n peptit c6 thé tgo thanh tix x a~ amino axit Ax" S6 ipeptit 6 thé tgo thanh tir alanin va glyxin la 2° = 4 Céc dipeptit la: Ala ~ Ala ; Gly ~ Gly ; Ala - Gly ; Gly - Ala. > Dap anD Cau 7: C6 bao nhiéu tripeptit (mach hé) khéc loai ma khi thiy phan hoan toan d@u thu duge 3 amino axit: glyxin, alanin va phenylalanin? AG B.9. cA D.3. Huéng din giai Gach 1: Cac tripeptit khéc nhau khi thy phan hon toan déu thu duge 3 amino axit: glyxin, alanin va phenylalanin 13: Gly-Ala-Phe Gly-Phe-Ala Ala-Gly-Phe Ala-Phe-Gly Phe-Ala-Gy Phe-Gly-Ala ~ C6 6 peptit thda man. Cach 2: Ap dung cong thitc: sé dng phan n peptit chiran géc a-amino axit khac nhau La nt S6 dong phan peptit chtta 3 g6c a-amino axit khdc nhau: 3! = 6 bap na Cau 8: Tén goi nao sau day la cia peptit H2NCH,CONHCH(CHs)CONHCH:COOH? A. Gly-Ala-Gly. B.Ala-Gly-Ala, © Gly-Gly-Ala. D. Ala-Gly-Gly. 98 LE BANG KHUONG - NGUYEN XUAN TRUONGCHU'ONG 3: AMIN - AMINO AXIT - PEPTIT - PROTEIN Hung dan giai H,N-CH,-CO;NH-CH-COINH-CH,-COOH CH; ' Peptit trén duoc tgo thanh tir cac amino axit lin lugt tong ting la: H.N-CHz-COOH: Gly Ni-CH(CH,)-COOH: Ala HN-CH2-COOH: Gly + Tén goi ciia peptit trén a Gly ~ Ala - Gly. > Dap an A “Nang cao Cau 9: Cho mét dipeptit Y c6 céng thékc phan tir CeH:eNaOs. SO dng phan peptit ella Y chi chita g6c -amino axit mach hé la AA. B.6. C7. D.5. Huong dan giai 24242~ CeHs2NoOa c6 k= seeee = 2 Y tao boi céc a-amino axit no, mach hé Céc c6ng thite cu tgo cla Y (1) H,N-CH,-CO-NH-CH-CHp-CHy (2) HOOC-CH,-NH-OC-CH-CHy-CH coon NH (3) HaN-CH-CO-NH-CH-CH (4) HOOC-GH-NH-OC-CH-CH CH; COOH CHy NH gis (6) HyN-CH,-CONHL-CH COOH ~ Dap an D Cau 10: Thiy phan ho3n toan 1 mol pentapeptit A thi thu duoc 3 mol glyxin; 1 mol alanin ‘va 1 mol valin. Khi thy phan khdng hoan toan A thi trong hén hgp san phim thay 6 céc dipeptit Ala-Gly; Gly-Ala va tripeptit Gly-Gly-Val. Amino axit dau N, dau C cia Aan luge la A. Gly, Val. B. Ala, Val. C.Gly, Gly. D. Ala, Gly. Huéng dan giai Khi thay phan hoan toan 1 mol pentapeptit A thu durgc 3 mol glyxin, 1 mol alanin va 1 mol valin > Trong A cé chita 3 gc Gly, 1 gc Ala va 1 géc Val. ‘Tit tripeptit Gly-Gly-Val > A con thiéu 1 géc Gly va 1 géc Ala. Ngoai ra con dipetit Gly-Ala ~ Cong thie cdu tgo cia A la Gly-Ala-Gly-Gly-Val > Amino axit dau N va dau C cia A Ian lugt 1a Gly va Val. > Dap an A BAI TAP TY LUYEN 1 Cau 4: Mét trong nhiing diém khdc nhau clia protit so vGi lipit va glucozo la A, protit uén chia chite hidroxyl. B, protit ludn cht‘a nito. C protit ludn 1a chat hitu co no. D. protit cé khéi lugng phan tir én hon. LE DANG KHUONG - NGUYEN XUAN TRUONG 99CHU'ONG 3: AMIN - AMINO AXIT - PEPTIT - PROTEIN Cau 2: Dun néng chat HoN-CH2-CONH-CH(CHs)-CONH-CH,-COOH trong dung dich HCl (du), sau khi cdc phan tng két thic thu duge san phdm la ‘A. HN-CHg-COOH, HeN-CH2-CHz-COOH. B. H,N-CH, ~COOHGI, H,N~CH, CH, ~COOHCI. . HN-CHz-COOH, HaN-CH(CH:}-COOH. D. H, N-CH, ~COOHC!, H, NCH(CH,)-COOHCI. Cau 3: C6 bao nhieu tripeptit (mach hd) khi thy phan hoan toan du thu duge san phim gbmalanin va glyxin? As. B.S. G7, D.6. au 4: Néu thuy phan khong hoan toan pentapeptit Gly-Ala-Gly-Ala-Gly thi thu durge t6i da bao nhigu dipeptit khdc nhau? AL. Ba, G2, D3. C4u 5: Cho cac chat: axit glutamic, saccarozg, metylamoni clorua, vinyl axetat, phenol, glixerol, Gly-Gly. Sé chat tac dung véi dung dich NaOH lodng, néng la A. Bea. G6. D.S. Cu 6: Phat biéu nao sau day ating? A. Trong mét phan tir tetrapeptit mach he 6 4 lién két peptit, B. Trong m6i truéng kiém, dipeptit mach ha tac dung duoc v6i Cu(OH)2 cho hgp chat mau tim. C.Cac hop chat peptit kém bn trong méi trong bazo nhung bén trong méi trudng axit. D. Amino axit la hyp cht c6 tinh Iwdmg tinh, Cau 7: Chatc6 phan ting mau biure la A.chétbéo. B. protein, C. tinh bot D. saccarozo. C4u 8: Thiy phan hoan toan 1 mol pentapeptit X, thu duge 2 mol glyxin (Gly), 1 mol alanin (Ala), 1 mol vatin (Val) va 1 mol phenylalanin (Phe). Thily phn khOng hon toan X thu duge dipeptit Val-Phe va tripeptit Gly-Ala-Val nhung khdng thu duge dipeptit Gly-Gly. Chat X 6 cng thitc IA A. Gly-Phe-Gly-Ala-Val. B. Gly-Ala-Val-Val-Phe, €.Gly-Ala-Val-Phe-Gly. D. Val-Phe-Gly-Ala-Gly. Cau 9: Thiy phan hoan toan 1 mol oligopeptit X mach hé thu durgc 2 mol Gly, 1 mol Ala, 1 ‘mol Val, 1 mol Tyr. Mat khéc, néu thiy phn khéng hoan toan thi thu duoc san phim c6 chia Gly-Val va Val-Gly. S6 cng thite edu tao phi hop véi X la Aa, B.5. C2, D6. Cau 10: Cho dung dich long trang trémg vao hai Sng nghiém. Cho thém vao ng nghiém thr nhat dugc vai giot dung dich HNO: dam dac, cho thém vao dng nghiém thir hai mét it Cu(OH),. Hign twong quan sat duge la A. Ong nghiém the nhdt cé mau vang, éng nghiém thir hai cé mau tim, B. Ong nghiém thé nhat cé mau xanh, Sng nghiém tht hai cé mau ving, C. Ong nghiém thir nhat c6 mau vang, éng nghiém thi hai cé mau dé. D. Ong nghiém thé nbat c6 mau nau, dng nghiém thit hai cé mau vang. 100 LE DANG KHUONG - NGUYEN XUAN TRUONGCHUNG 3: AMIN - AMINO AXIT - PEPTIT - PROTEIN DAP AN £ 2 3 4 3 6 7 3 9 10 B D D c D D B Cc D A HUONG DAN GIAL cau i: Lipit va glucozo la hgp chat chia C, H, 0. Con protit ludn chtta N Dap AnB Cau 2: NH,CH,CONHCH(CH, )CONHCH, COOH+ 2H,0—"->2NH,CH,COOH + NH,CH(CH,)COOH NH,CH,COOH+ HCl -> CLH,NCH,COOH NH,CH(CH, )COOH + HCI>CIH;NCH(CH,)COOH > Dap anD cau 3: $6 tripeptit tao tir 2 c-amino axit a 28 = 8 ‘Trong 8 tripeptit c6 2 tripeptit chi gdm alanin hodc chi gm glyxin. + Co 8 ~ 2 = 6 tripeptit Ichi thiy phan hoan toan du thu duge sin phéim gdm alanin va glyxin, > Dap anD cau 4: ‘Thiy phan khéng hoan toan pentapeptit Gly-Ala-Gly-Ala-Gly thi thu dec hai ipeptit khdc nhau: Gly-Ala va AlaGly. > dap anc cau 5: HOOC[CHa}2CH(NH;)COOH + 2NaOH > NaQOC(CH2)2CH(NH2)COONa + 2420 CH:NHsCl + NaOH ~> CHsNH2 + NaCl + H20 CH;COOCH=CHe + NaOH > CHyCOONa + CHsCHO H.NCHsCONHCH.COOH + 2NaQH — 2HzNCH;COONa + H:0 OH ONa Clow — Ce me > C6 5 chat tac dung véi NaOH loang, néng > Dap an D Cau 6: Asai vi trong mét phan tl tetrapeptit mach hé c6 3 llén két peptit. Bai vi dipeptit chi cé 1 lién két peptit nén khéng cé phan tmg mau biure. C sal vi cdc hop chat peptit kém bén trong mél trudmg c& baze va axit, D ating (tinh chat héa hoc cda amino axit, SGK 12 trang 47). + Dap 4nD LB DANG KHUONG - NGUYEN XUAN TRUONG 101CHU'ONG 3: AMIN - AMINO AXIT - PEPTIT - PROTEIN Cau 7: Peptit c6 2 lign két peptit tré lén 06 phan tng mau biure. Protein Ia polipeptit c6 nhiéu lign két peptit nén c6 phan ng mau biure. —> Dap nB Cau 8: Khi thy phan 1 mol X thu dugc 2 mol Gly, 1 mol Ala, 1 mol Val va 1 mol Phe. = Trong X c6 2 gc Gly, 1 géc Ala, 1 gc Val va 1. géc Phe. Tir tripeptit Gly-Ala-Val > X cdn thigu 1 géc Gly va 1 géc Phe. Ngoai ra, khi thiy phn khéng hoan toan X thu duec dipepit Val-Phe va khOng thu dugc tripeptit Gly-Gy ~ Cong thtéc ciia X la Gly-Ala-Val-Phe-Gly. > Dap anc Cau 9: Khi thy phan hoan toan X thu duoc 2 mol Gly, 1 mol Ala, 1 mol Val va 1 mol Tyr. — Trong X ¢6 chita 2 géc Gly, 2 géc Ala, 1 g6c Val va 1 géc Tyr. Ngoal ra, kht thay phan khong hoan toan thu duge dipeptit Gly-Val va Val-Gly ~ Cac céng thitc cau tgo phi hop voix la Gly-Val-Gly-Ala-Tyr. Gly-Val-Gly-Tyr-Ala Ala-Gly-Val-Gly-Tyr. Tyr-Gly-Val-Gly-Ala, Ala-Tyr-Gly-Val-Gly. ‘Tyr-Ala-Gly-Val-Cly. ~ bap an D Cau 20: hd HNO; vao Sng nghiém dyng long trang trig > Xuat hign két tia vang. Cho Cu(OH)z vao dng nghiém dyng long tring tréeng > Xuat hién hop chat mau tim. Dap ana BAI TAP TU LUYEN 2 Cau 1: Cho cdc phan ing: H,N-CH, ~COOH +HCl—>H,N* -CH, -COocI- H,N-CH, ~COOH + NaOH > H,N—CH, ~COONa + H,0 Hai phan tig trén chting t8 axit aminoaxetic A. C6 tinh chat luéng tinh. B. C6 tinh oxi héa va khtr. C. Chi cé tinh baze. D. Chi cé tinh axit. (Céu 2: Dung dich lng trang tring phan ting v6i Gu(OH)2 tao sn phém cé mau @ac trung]a A. mau tim. B. mau dé tia. C, mau xanh lam, ‘D. mau vang. Cu 3: Tir ba a-amino axit: glyxin, alanin, valin c6 thé tao duoc bao nhiéu tripeptit mach hd trong dé ¢6 cd ba a.-amino axit? AB B.2 C6 D4 ‘Cau 4: Nhém -CONH ~ goila A.nh6m peptit. B.nhém amit. C.nhém aminoaxit. —_ D. nhém cacbonyl. Cau 5: Cho céc phat biéu sau: (1) Amino axit la chat ran, dé tan trong nuéc, cé nhiét 4 néng chay cao va cé vi hoi ngot. 102, LE DANG KHUONG ~ NGUYEN XUAN TRUONGCHUONG 3: AMIN - AMINO AXIT - PEPTIT - PROTEIN (2) Amino axit vira tac dung v6i dung dich axit vira tac dung v6i dung dich baze nén c6 tiah chat lwong tinh. (3) Mudi mononatri cita axit glutamic con gol la bét ngot. (4) Tat ca cdc protein déu cé phan ting mau biure, (5) Trong phan tir tetrapeptit cd 4 lién két peptit. (6) Thiyy phan dén cing céc protein thu duoc cdc c-amino axit. S6 phat biéu ding la AB. B.S. C6. D.4, Cau 6: Hyp chat nao sau day thudc loai dipeptit? ‘A. HeNCH2CONHCH»CONHCH;COOH. B. H2NCH;CONHCH (CH;)COOH. C, HaNCHizCHCONHCH;CH2COOH. D. HoNCH:CHzCONHCH2COOH. C4u 7: Dun néng hén hop gdm glyxin va alanin thu dugc tripeptit mach hé, trong dé ti 18 g6c cia glyxin va alanin la 2:1. C6 bao nhiéu tripeptit dug tao ra? AL, B.3, G4, DS. Cau 8: Tién hamh céc thi nghiém sau véi dung dich X chita long tréng trang: ‘Thi nghigm 1: Dun s6i dung dich X. ‘Thi nghiém 2: Cho dung dich HCI vao dung djch X, dun néng. ‘Thi nghiém 3: Cho dung dich CuSO, vao dung dich X, sau 46 nhé vai giot dung dich NaOH, ‘Thi nghiém 4: Cho dung dich NaOH vao dung dich X, dun néng. ‘Thi nghiém 5: Cho dung dich AgNOs trong NH; vao dung dich X, dun néng. S6 thi nghiém c6 xy ra phan tng héa hoc la A.3. B.S. C2. D.4. Cau 9: Thay phan tieng phn m6t pentapeptit A thu dugc céc dipeptit va tripeptit X-B, Z- Y, E-Z, Y-E, B-Z-Y (X, Y, Z, E, F 1a cdc a-amino axit). Thi ty lién két ctia cdc amino axit trong peptit 1a AXCLY-ER, B.X-EY-LE CXLY-FE, D.X-EZV-R, Cau 10: Khi thdy phan hoan toan 1 mol pentapeptit X thi thu duc 2 mol alanin, 2 mol glyxin va 1 mol valin. Khi thiy phan kh6ng hoan toan X th! trong hén hgp sin phdm thu duc dipeptit Ala-Gly, Gly-Gly va tripeptit Gly-Ala-Val. Cong thiéc cia X 1a A.Gly-Ala-Val-Ala-Gly, B. Ala-Gly-Gly-Ala-Val. €.Gly-Gly-Ala-Ala-Val. D. Gly-Ala-Gly-Ala-Val. pAp AN 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 3 9 16 A c A B B B A D B HUONG DAN GIAL cau: Hai phan ing trén chting td axit aminoaxetic ¢6 tinh long tinh. = Dap ina LE DANG KHUONG - NGUYEN XUAN TRUONG 103CHUONG 3: AMIN - AMINO AXIT - PEPTIT - PROTEIN Cau 2: Dung dich long trang trizng (protein) phan ing véi Cu(OH)2 tao san phém c6 mau dc trung la mau tim > Dap an A cau 3: Tir ba a-amino axit khdc nhau tgo than 6 dng phan tripeptit chia ba géc a-amino axit khac nhau la 31=6 > Bap anC cau 4: Nhém -CONH - goi l& nhém peptit (SGK 12 cor ban - trang 50) > Dap 4n A cau 5: (1) ding (SGK 12 co ban — trang 46, SGK 12 nang cao trang 64). (2) ating vi trong phan tir cia amino axit chtta dng thoi nhém -NHz va nhém -COOH. (3) diing (SGK 12 co ban ~ trang 47). (4) diing (SGK 12 co ban - trang 53), (5) sai vi trong phan tir tetrapeptit c6 3 lién két peptit. (6) ding (SGK 12 co’ ban - trang $3). ~ Co 5 phat biéu ding = Dap an B Cau 6: Phan tir pepit chira 2 géc a-amino axit, Asai vi duoc tgo thanh tir3 g6c a-amino axit, B ding vi dugc tgo thank tir a-amino axit. C sal vi dugc tao thanh tir 2 géc B-amino axit. Desai vi dwgc tao thanh tir 1 g6c B-amino axit va 1 géc a-amino axit. + Dap an B cau 7: Trong phan tir peptit c6 2 géc glyxin va 1 géc alanin, ~ Céc tripeptit thda man [8 Gly-Ala-Ala, Ala-Gly-Ala, Ala-Ala-Gly. ~ Dap énB Cau 8: 104 ‘Thi nghiém 1: khi dun s6i dung dich X ~ long trang trémng bj déng ty. > Tinh chat vat ly cia protein, Thi nghigm 2: Khi cho dung djch HCl vao dung djch X va dun néng. ~ Protein bj thiy phan trong méi trudng axit. ~ Tinh chéit héa hoc ctia protein, ‘Thi nghiém 3: Khi cho dung dich CuSO, vao dung dich X, sau 46 nhé vai gigt dung dich NaOH. ~ Xay ra phan ting mau biure, ~ Tinh chat héa hoc ciia protein, ‘Thi nghiéa 4: Khi cho dung dich NaOH vao dung dich X va dun néng. ~ Protein bj thiy phan trong moi trudng bazo. Tinh chat héa hoc cia pro LE DANG KHUONG - NGUYEN XUAN TRUONGCHUONG 3; AMIN - AMINO AXIT - PEPTIT - PROTEIN ‘Thi nghiém 5: Khi cho dung dich AgNOs trong NHs vao dung dich X, dun néng. > Kh6ng xay ra phan ting héa hoc. ~ C6 3 thi nghiém xay ra phan ting héa hoe. >Dapana cau 9: Ala pentapeptit + A cé chita 5 gc a-amino anit X, Y, Z, E, F. ‘Tix tripeptit E-Z-Y — A con thiéu 1 géc X va F Ngoai ra tir dipeptit X-E va Y-F — Cong thive clia Ala X-E-Z-Y-F. > Dap 4a D Cau 10: Khi thiy phan hoan toan 1 mol X thu duge 2 mol Ala, 2 mol Gly va 1 mol Val. > Trong X c6 chita 2 gc Ala, 2 géc Gly va 1 géc Val. ‘Tir tripeptit Gly-Ala-Val + X cdn thiéu 1 géc Gly va 1 géc Ala. Ngoai ra tie dipeptit Ala-Gly + Céng thitc cia X la Ala-Gly-Gly-Ala-Val. > Dap anB Em lam bai kiém tra dw6i day dé cing cé kién thirc nhé! BAL KIEM TRA Cau 4: Tir 3 camino axit: glyxin, alanin, valin cé thé tao duge t6i da bao nhiéu tripeptit mach hé;, trong 46 c6 dit ca 3 ct-amino axit trén? Ad. B.6. G3, D2, Cau 2: Tripeptit la hop chat ma phan tir c6 Av hai lign két peptit, ba g6c B-amino axit, B. hai lién két peptit, ba géc a-amino axit, C. ba lign két peptit, hai g6c a-amino axit. D. ba lién két peptit, ba gic camino axit. Cau 3: Cho cac cau sau (1) Peptit la hop chat durgc hinh thanh tir2 dén 50 géc a-amino axit. (2) Tat ca cdc peptit du phan tng mau biure. (3) Tir3 c-amino axit chi cé thé tgo ra 3 tripeptit khidc nhau, (4) Khi dun néng dung dich peptit véi dung dich kiém, sin phdm sé c6 phan tng mau biure. $6 nhan xét ding? AL B.2. C3. D4, Cau 4: Dun néng chat H2N-CHo-CO-NH-CH(CHs)-CONH-CHz-COOH trong dung dich HCl (du), sau khi cdc phan ting két thie thu duge sén phém la A.CIH, N-CH, -COOH, C1H, N-CH(CH,) -COOH B.CIH,N-CH, COOH, CLH,N-CH, -CH, -COOH C. H,N-CH2-COOH, H2N-CH2-CH2-COOH ‘D. H2N-CH2-COOH, H2N-CH(CH2) -COOH Cau 5 : Sy két tia protein bang nhiét dugc goi la A. sw déng ran, B, sy dong dic. su dong ket D. sydéng tu. LE DANG KHUONG - NGUYEN XUAN TRUONG 105CHUONG 3: AMIN - AMINO AXIT - PEPTIT - PROTEIN ‘Cau 6 : Dung dich long tréng tréeng got 1a dung dich A.anbumin, B. insulin, G.cazein. D. hemoglobin. Cau 7: Thuy phan hoan to’n pentapeptit X ta thu dwec cdc amino axit A, B, C, D va E. Thuy phan khéng hoan toan X ta thu duge céc dipeptit B-D, C-A, D-C, A-E va tripeptit D-C-A. ‘Trinh ty céc géc aminoaxit trong phan ti X 1a ABCD-AE, B.E-A-C-B-D, CBD-CAE, D.A-B-C-D-E. Cau 8: S6 dipepit va tripeptit tdi da khi dun néng hén hop gdm glyxin vaalanin [an luotla A.4vas, B.3va5, C6vas. D.2va4. Cau 9: Phat biéu nao sau day 1a diing khi néi vé peptit va protein? A. Thay phan hoan toan protein don gin thu durgc cde e-amino axit. B. Tét ca céc peptit va protein du cé phan tg mau biure véi Cu(OH)2. €.Lién két cia nhém CO véi nh6m NH gitta hai don vi amino axit duge got la lién két peptit. D, Oligopeptit la peptit c6 tie 2 dén 10 lién két peptit. Cau 10: Phat biéu nao sau day ding? A. Enzim amilaza xc tac cho phan tmg thiy phan xenlulozo thanh mantoze. B. Khi thily phan dén ciing cfc protein don gian sé cho hén hop céc a-amino axit. C.Khi cho dung dich long trang tring vao Cu(OH). thay xuat hign phitc mau xanh dam. D. Anburin eta long trang trig thude loai protein phtte tap. DAP AN 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 B A A D A c a A B HUONG DAN GIAI Cau 4: Ap dung cng thtéc: 6 dng phan n peptit chtta n géc a-amino axit khécnhau la n! 6 ddng phan peptit chita 3 g6c a-amino axit khdc nhau: 3! = 6 > Dap an A Cau 2: ‘Tripeptit la hop chat ma trong phan ti chita 3 géc a-amino axit. Trong phan tir c6 2 lién két peptit. > Dap an B Cau 3: (1) ding (SGK 12 co bin trang - 50). (2) sai vi chi peptit c6 tir 2 lign két peptit tré lén c6 phn tmg voi Cu(OH)2 cho hop chat mau tim. (3) sai vi tt 3 a+ amino axit c6 thé tao ra 38 = 27 tripeptit khac nhau, (4) sai vi chi peptit c6 tir 2 lin két peptit tré lén c6 phan ting mau bture ma hi thiy phan cdc peptit thi c6 thé thu duge céc amino axit, cc amino axit khong 6 phan mg mau biure. C6 1 phat biéu ding > Dap an A 106 LE DANG KHUONG - NGUYEN XUAN TRUGNGCHUONG 3: AMIN - AMINO AXIT - PEPTIT - PROTEIN cau 4: ‘Ta c6 phwong trinh phan ang: H,N—CH, ~CO~NH-CH(CH, ]—-CONH -CH, COOH + 3HCI + 2H,0 ~!:2 5 2C1H, N-CH, -COOH + ClH,N-CH(CH,) -COOH > ap an caus: Sy két tia protein bang nhiét dwoc goi la sy déng ty (SGK 12 co’ ban - trang 52). > Dap an D cau 6: Dung dich long trang trieng goi la dung dich anbumin (SGK 12 co’ bin - trang $1). > Dap An A cau7: VIXIA pentapeptit + X c6 5 géc amino axit A, B, C, Dva E. Tie tripeptit D-C-A~ X con thiéu 1 géc B va 1 g6c E. ‘Tix dipeptit B-D va A-E + Céng thitc cu tao cita X la B-D-C-A-E. > Dap anc cau 8: Tir glyxin va alanin tao duge 2? = 4 dipeptit. Tir glyxin va alanin tao duge 2°= 8 tripeptit. > Dap an cau 9: Addiing (SGK 12 co ban ~ trang $1). B sai vi chi nhting peptit c6 tir 2 lién két peptit trérlén cb phan ting mau biure véi Cu(OH)2. C sai vi lién két peptit 14 Lién két -CONH - gitra hai don vj a-amino axit (SGK 12 co ban ~ trang 50). D sai vi oligopeptit gdm céc peptitc6 tir 2 dén 10 géc o-amino axit (SGK 12 nang cao ~ trang 69). Pap ana Cau 10: Asai vi enzim amilaza mic tac cho phan ting thy phan tinh bt thinh mantozo. B ding (SGK 12 co ban trang 47). C sai vi Khi cho dung dich ldng tring tring vao Cu(OH). thay xuat hign phére mau tim (phan (mg mau biure). D sai anbumin cia long tréng trimg thudc logi protein don gién. > Dip 4nB LB DANG KHUONG - NGUYEN XUAN TRUONG 107CHUNG 3: AMIN - AMINO AXIT - PEPTIT - PROTEIN BAL TAP MAU Cau 1: Cho chat hiru cor X 6 cong thite phan ti 18 CHeOsNz tac dung voi dung dich NaOH dun néng thu duge chat khf lam xanh quy 4m va mudi Y. Khéi lugng phan tir (theo dvC) cia YI A.85, B68. C45, D.46. Hwéng dn giai Ta c6: X + NaOH > Chat khé lam xanh quy 4m + mu6iY > X18 mudi nitrat Cong thite ctia X la: CHsNHsNOs CH:NH3NOs + NaOH > CHsNHz + NaNO3 + HO + YIANaNO3 > My = 85 => Dap ana CAu 2: Chat hitu co X cé céng thie phan tir 1 CoHe03N. tc dung v6i dung dich NaOH thu duge chit hitu co dom chite ¥ va céc chat v6 co, Khdi lrgng phan tit (theo dvC) cia Yl 4.85, B.68. C45. D.46. Huong din giai ‘Ta c6:X + NaOH > Chat hitu co don chic ¥ + cdc chat vé co > X18 musi nitrat Cong thite ciia X la: CHsCH.NH3NOs CHsCH2NH3NO; + NaOH > CHsCHzNHz + NaNOs + H20 > Y¥ la CHsCH;NH2 — My = 45 > Dap an Cau 3: Ung voi cong thiéc phan tir CsHsO2N c6 bao nhiéu chat vita tac dung voi NaOH vira téc dung véi HCl? A.2. B,1. C4, D,3. Huong din giat X tdc dung duge vi NaOH va HCl ~> X la mudi amoni cia NHs hoge amin, C6 4 cng thite c4u tao phi hop: (1) CHsCH:COONH, (2) CHsCOONHSCHs (3) HCOONHSCH2CHs (4) HCOONH,(CHs)2 Ta cé céc phuong trinh héa hoc ¥ CHsCHeCOONH, + NaOH ~> CHsCH2COONa + NHst + Hz0 CHsCH2COONH, + HCl > CHsCH2COOH + NH,CI ¥ CHsCOONH;CHs + NaOH > CHsCOONa + CH3NHz ? + HO CHsCOONHsCHs + HCl CHsCOOH + CHsNHsC1 ¥ HCOONHCH,CH3 + NaOH ~ HCOONa + CH2CHNH2 1+ HO. HCOONH:CH2CHs + HCI > HCOOH + CH2CH:NHsCl 108 LE DANG KHUONG - NGUYEN XUAN TRUONGCHUNG 3: AMIN - AMINO AXIT - PEPTIT - PROTEIN ¥ HCOONH2(CHs}2 + NaQH + HCOONa + (CHs):NH + H20 HCOONHA(CHs}2 + HCl > HCOOH + (CHs)2NH2Cl = Dap anc Cau 4: Hep chéit hiru co X mach hé, c6 céng thitc phan tir 1a CsHs102N. X phan tng voi dung dich NaOH dun néng, sinh ra chét khi Y c6 ti khdi hoi so véi Hz ahd hon 17 va lam xanh uy tim 4m. $6 cong thite cu tao théa man digu kién trén 1a, AL3. B, 2. C4 D5. Huong dan giai dy, <17>M, <17.2= 34 ~ Yd thé 1 NH hode CHaNH, > Cac cong thite cia X 1a CHsCH2CHeCOONH,, CHsCH(CHs)COONH,, CHaCH2COONHsCHs (CHsCH2CHeCOONH, + NaOH — CHaCH:CH2COONa + NHst + H20 CHsCH(CHs)COONH, + NaOH — CHaCH(CHs)COONa + NHat + H20 CH3CH2COONH;CHs + NaOH + CH3CH,COONa + CH3NHot + H20 = Dap ana ‘Cau 3: Cho so 48 chuyén héa sau: CHO,N x 2, yea _ssereyr yp attt y 69, Céng thife cau tao cita CsHo02N 1a A. HCOONH2(CHs)2, — B. CH3COONHSCHs. —C, HCOONHsCzls. D. CoHsCOONH«. Huong dan gidi TIA (NH_)2COs > 21a HCHO + Y18 CH3OH + X14 CHsNHz. ~ Chat cn tim 18 CHsCOONHSCHs. ‘Ta 6 phuong trinh héa hoe cia cdc phan img: CHsCOONH2CHs + NaOH + CHsCOONa + CHsNH2 + H20 x CHaNHo + HNO2 = CH3OH + Not + H20 x Y CH3OH + CuO > Cu + H20 + HCHO Y Zz HCHO + 4AgNO) + 6NH3 + 2H20 + (NH,)2COs + 4NHNO3 + 44g 4 Zz T (NH4):CO3 + 2HCI = 2NH4CI + H0 + C027 T > Dap an B Cau 6: Cho chét hitu co X cé céng thirc phan tir C3H:z0sN2 téc dung v6i dung dich NaOH du, thu duge cht hitu codon chtée ¥ va cdc chat vé ca. Néu cho X tac dung véi dung dich HCl dtu sau dé cé can dung dich thu duoc chat ran va giai phéng khi Z, Phan tt khéi cia Y va Z in lugtla A31, 46, B, 31,44. C.45, 46. D. 45, 44, LE DANG KHUONG - NGUYEN XUAN TRUONG 109CHU'ONG 3: AMIN - AMINO AXIT - PEPTIT - PROTEIN Huéng dan giai CsHi205N2 (X) + NaOH gy chat v6 co-+ chat hiru co don chite + X 1A mudi cacbonat, Cong thite cu tgo cita X IA (CH3NHs)2COs Tacé cdc phwrong trinh héa hoc (CHsNHs)2COs + 2NaOH ~> NazCOs + 2CHsNHe + 2H20 Y (CHsNHs)2COs + 2HCI > 2CHsNHSCl + CO. T + #0 Z = Moin, =31. g/mol, M.o, =44 g/mol. = Dap an B Cau 7: Hop chét X c6 céng thite phan tir CsH;O2N tac dung dugc véi NaOH, H2S0. va lam, mat mau dung dich brom. Cong thife cu tgo clia X 1a A. CHsCH(NIL2) COOH. B. H:NCH.CH2COOH. ©. CHp=CHCOONH, D.CH2=CH-CH-COONH,. Huong dan giat Céng thite cita hop chit trén 1a CH2=CHCOONHs vi HCOONH, + NaOH > CH2=CHCOONa + NHst + H20 HCOONH, + H2SO, > 2CH2=CHCOOH + (NH)2S04 HCOONHs + Brz > CHaBr-CHBr-COONH, > Dap an Cau 8: X c6 cOng théte C4H1«0sNz. Khi cho X téc dung v6i dung dich NaOH thi thu duge hon hop Y gdm 2 hi & diéu kign thuong va du cé kha nding kim xanh quy tim dm. $6 cong thitc cu tao phi hop cia X 18 AS. B.3, C4, D.2. Huong dan giai CcHisOsNo + NaOH = Yam quy tim 4m > ¥1Aamin hoc NHs. Cac cong thie ctia X18 (CHsNHs)(CoHsNHs)CO; ——_(NH,)(CHs-CH(CHs)-NH3)COz (NH,)(CHsCH2CH2NHs)COs ‘Ta cé cdc phuong trinh héa hoc: (CHsNHs) (CoHsNHs)COs + 2NaOH > CHsNHe T + CoHsNH2 T + NazCOs + 2H20 (NH,) (CH2-CH(CHs)-NH)CO3 + 2NaOH = NEL f + CHs-CH(CHs)-NH + NazCO3 + 2420 (NH) (CHsCH2CH,NH;)CO3 + 2NaOH ~> NHz 1 + CHsCHeCHaNHl + NazCOs + 21:0 ~ Dap an B Cau 9: Cho chat hivu co’ X 6 céng thtéc phan tt CxH120aNa tac dung véi dung dich NaOH dur thu dugc hén hgp chat khi d@u fam xanh quy tim 4m va mudi vé co va nude. X phan tg voi NaOH theo tié mol 1a Alsi. B2:1. C122, D.2:3. Hwéng din CsHfr20sNo (X) + NaOH chat vé co + hn hop chat kh du lam xanh quy tim 4m + H.0 110 LB DANG KHUONG - NGUYEN XUAN TRUGNGCHUNG 3: AMIN - AMINO AXIT - PEPTIT - PROTEIN > Céng thite eu tao etia X 1a: NEA CO; C)HsNH3” Tacé phuongtrinh phintmg: 9? > NHy, COs + 2NaOH —m NH + CoHgNHy + NazCO3 + 2H,0 CoHsNH,” “mm: Myson = 1:2 = Dap an Cu 10: Cho chat hitu coX c6 céng thite phan tir CsHix0sN3 tac dung véi NaOH theo ti1é 1: 3 tao thanh nuée, mot chat hu co da chéte bac mét Y va hén hep mudi vo co, Bét chay hoan toan ¥ thu dugc ti 1é s6 mol CO2 va H20 18 AL. B.1:3. G2:. D.3:5. Huong dan gi X + 3NaQH — Chat hitu co da chic bac mét + hén hgp muéi vo co’ + H:0 ~ Cong thie cfu tao cla: CH.NH5- HCO CHaNHs - NO3 Ta c6 phurong trink héa hoc: CHaNH3 - HCO i + 3NaOH —t HN - CHa - CH - NH; +NagC03 + NaNO, + 3130 CH2NH, - NO; 0 CaHaNe +402 > 2CO2 + 4420 + No No, Myo =2:4=1:2 + Dap in B ¥ Chiic mirng em da hoan thanh tét bai luyén tap chong amin - amino axit - peptit - protein ¥ Dw6i day la bai kiém tra tng hop! BALKIEM TRA TONG HOP Cau 1: Dung dich cita chat nao trong cdc chat duéi day khong lam 461 mau quy tim? A. CHsNHe. B. NH2CH.COOH. C. HOOCCH,CH:CH(NHz)COOH. D. CHsCOONa. Cau 2: Chat hiu co X tac dung dugc véi dung dich HCl va tac dung véi nuéc brom tgo két tha, Tén goi cla X 1a Avalanin, Banilin. C.etylamin. D, phenol. Cau 3: Cho céc dung dich c6 cling ning a6 1M: NaOH (1), NHa(2), CHsNife (3), CeHsNH2 (4). Sap xép cdc dung dich trén theo chiéu pH tang dan 1a A. (2), 8), (2), (4). B. (3), (2), (4), M). C.(2), (4), (0, B). D. (4), 2), (3), @)- CAu 4: Nhé dung dich xtit dr vao dung djch gdm glyxin, amoni clorua, metylamoni clorua. Sau dé dun nhe dung dich sau phan ting. Sé chat khi va s6 mudi tao than Ia A.2 Khi va 1 mudi. B, 2 khi va 2 mudi. CA khi va 1 mudi, D, 1 khi va 2 mudi. LB BANG KHUONG - NGUYEN XUAN TRUONG llCHUONG 3: AMIN - AMINO AXIT - PEPTIT - PROTEIN Cau 5: Hop chat hiru co’ X Ging voi cong thitc phan tir I& CsH1002Nz. Cho X vio dung dich NaOH dun néng thay tgo ra NH. Mat khéc khi X tac dung véi dung dich HCI tao ra hén hop. sin phdm trong 46 c6 mudi cia amino axit. $6 cong thée cau tao thoan man v6i dibu kién cia X 1a A, B.4, C2. Dt. Cau 6: Cho cde phat biéu sau (1) Tat ca cdc peptit ddu 06 phan tng mau biure. (2) Cho HNOs vao dung djch protein tgo thanh dung dich mau vang. (3) Mudi phenylamoni clorua khéng phan tng voi NaOH. (4) 0 digu kién thudng, metylamin va dimetylamin li nhéing chat khi cé mdi khal. S6 phat biéu ding la AA B.2. 3, D.2. Cau 7: Hop chat X 06 cong thiée phan ti 1A IA CyHe02N. X phan tng hoan toan véi dung dich NaOH dur khi dun néng thoat ra khf ¥ lam xanh quy 4m, c6 ti Khdi so v6i Ha Ja 15,5. Cong thtée cfu tgo cla X la A. CH3CH=CH-COONHs. B. CH=CH-COONH3CHs. C. CHe=CH-CHo-COONH;. D. CH,COONH;CH=CHe. Cau 8: Cho cdc chat HzN-CH2-COOH, HOOC-CH2-CH2-CH(NHz)-COOH, HeN-CiizCOOCoHis, CHsCOONH;, CoHsNHsNOs, S6 chat viva tac dung v6i HCI vita tac dung véi NaOH I AQ, B.3, os. D.4, Cau 9: Phat biéu nao sau day diing? A. Trong méi trudng kiém, dipeptit mach hé tc dung duoc v6i Cu{OH)2 cho dung dich mau tim, B. Trong mot phan tirtripeptit mach ho e6 3 lién két peptit. C. Cac hop chat peptit bén trong moi truéng axit va méi trudng bazo. D. Axit glutamic HOOC-CHz-CHe(NH2)-COOH ¢6 tinh Iwéng tinh, Cau 10: Day chi chia nhiing dung dich amino axit khéng lam quy tim déi mau la A. Gly, Glu, Lys. B. Gly, Val, Ala, C Gly, Ala, Glu. D. Gly, Val, Lys. Cau 11: Nhan dinh nao sau day ding? A. Axit glutamic lim quy tim chuyén sang mau xanh, B. Dipeptit Glu ~ Ala phan tong v6i NaOH theo ti Ié mol tuong ing 1: 3. C. Khi dun néng protein thay protein tan t6t trong nuéc. D. Dipeptit mach hé Gly - Ala c6 2 lién két peptit. Cau 12: Peptit X c6 cing thtic Pro-Pro-Gly-Arg-Phe-Ser-Phe-Pro. Khi thiiy phan khéng hoan toan X thu duoc tdi da bao nbiéu loai peptit ¢6 amino axit du NV la phenylalanin (Phe) AB. B.5. C6. D4. Caw 13: Cac chat X, ¥ c6 cing cng thc phan tiy 1a C7H,O2N. X téc dung véi HCI va Naz0. Y téc dung voi H méi sinh ra Ys. Ys tae dung vei HzSO, tao ra mudi Yo. Ya tae dung voi NaOH tao thanh Ys. COng thtte cfu tao ca X, 1a A.X:HCOOCH:NHz, — Y: CHsCOONHs. B,X:CHsCOONHs, —_-Y: HCOOCHNH. 112 LE DANG KHUONG - NGUYEN XUAN TRUONGCHUONG 3: AMIN - AMINO AXIT - PEPTIT - PROTEIN C.X:CHsCOONHs, YY: CH2NHCOOH. D.X:CHaNH2COOH, Yi CHsCH2NOo. Cau 14: Trong ditu kign thutng, chat nao sau day & trang thai kh? A. Vinylaxetat, B. Anilin, .Glyxin, D. Metylamin. Caw 15: Khi thy phan khéng hoan toan pentapeptit X ngwdi ta thu duge tripeptit la Ala- Glu-Gly va céc dipeptit Ia Val-Ala, Glu-Gly va Gly-Ala. Vay cong thitc cau tao cita KIA A. Gly-Ala-Val-Ala-Glu. B, Val-Ala-Glu-Gly-Ala. ©. Ala-Val-Glu-Gly-Ala, D, Ala-Glu-Gly-Ala-Val. Cau 16: Hop chat hitu co X mach hé c6 céng thire phan tir 1a C:HixO2N. X phan ting voi dung dich NaOH dun néng, sinh ra khi ¥ c6 ti kh6i so v6i Hz 18 8,5 va lam xanh quy tim dm. 86 cOng thite cdu tao tha man diéu kién cia X la AB. B.2. C4. DS Cau 17: Phat bigu ndo sau day la sai? A. Anilin tac dung voi nude brom tao thanh két tia trang. B, Dung dich lysin Jam xanh quy tim, €. Dung dich glyxin khong lam di mau quy tim. D. Cho Cu(OH)2 vao dung dich ling trang trieng thay xudt hién mau vang. Cau 18: Hop chat hou co X c6 cong thitc phan tir X 1A CoH:00sNo, X téc dung véi dung dich NaOH dun néng thu duge hén hop kh déu lam xanh quy tim dm va mudi Y, Phin tir khot (g/mol) cia mudi Ya A.85. B84, .106. D.68. Caw 19: Hep chat hieu co X c6 cong thitc phan tit CoH/O2N. Cho X tac dung véi dung dich NaOH dun néng thu duge chat khi Y lim xanh quy tim 4m. $6 cng thite c&u tao cia X phi hopla Al B.4. C3. D.2. Cau 20: Cho 2 hop chat hiru co X. ¥ c6 cling cong thie phan tir 1a CsHNO.. Khi phan ting véi NaOH, X tao ra H2NCH2COONa va hgp chat hiru co Z; cdn ¥ tao ra CHy=CHCOONa va khi T. Cée chat Z va T Yan lugt 8 ‘A. CHsNH2 va NH. B. CzHs0H va Ne. C. CH;OH va NH. D. CHOH va CHaNHa. BAP AN 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 B B D B c B B D D B i | @ |e | @ | i [ie | a7 | ae | 19 | 20 B D D D B B D c D c LE DANG KHUONG - NGUYEN XUAN TRUONG 113CHUONG 3: AMIN - AMINO AXIT - PEPTIT - PROTEIN HU'ONG DAN GIAL cau ds Y CHsNHo: dung dich cé méi truéng bazo ~ 1am quy tim chuyén sang mau xanh, ¥ H:NCH,COOH cé 1 nhém -COOH va 1 nhém -NH2 nén dung dich gin nhw trung tinh, > khong lam d6i mau quy tim. ¥ HOOCCHCH:CH(NH;)COOH: cé 2 nhém -COOH va 1 nhém -NHz nén dung dich c6 méi trudng axit — lim quy tim 461 mau 46, ¥ CHsCOONa: I mudi ciia bazo manh (NaOH) va axit yu (CHsCOOH) nén dung dich 6 méi trong bazo > Lam quy chuyén sang mau xanh. > Dap anB Cau 2: X la anilin (C6HsNHa) vi: CHNH, + HCl [C,H,NH, °C NH) NH i By Air oO + 3Bry-—» Ww | + 3RBr Br Dap inB Cau 3: pH ciia cdc dung dich trén duge sp xép theo chiu tang dan nhu sau: ColHsNEIz < NHs < CHsNH2 < NaOH > (<<<). ~ Dip 4nD Cau 4: ‘Ta c6 phuong trinh héa hoc HaNCH,COOH + NaOH -> HaNCH2COONa + Hiz0 NH,Cl + NaOH —*> NH3t + NaCl + 20 [CH,NH,]"Cl" + NaOH —*+CH,NH, t+ NaCl + H,0 > C6 2 mudi va 2 khi dugc tao thanh. > Dap an B cau 5: 1i4 C6 2 céng thie X théa man: HzNCH2CHzCOONH; va CHaCH(NH2)COONHs Y HeNCH:CH2COONHs + NaOH —S> H2NCH2CH2COONa + NHst + #20 H:NCH:CH2COONH, + HCI C1H, NCH,CH,COONH, ¥ CHaCH(NHz)COONH, + NaQH —"» CHsCH(NH2)COONa + NHst + H20 LE DANG KHUONG - NGUYEN XUAN TRUONGCHUONG 3: MIN - AMINO AXiT - PEPTIT - PROTEIN CHaCH(NH,)COONHs + HCI CLH, NCH(CH, )COONH, > Dap anc caus: (1) sai vi chi nhéng peptit c6 ty 2 lién két peptit tré lén c6 phan ting mau biure véi Cu(OH)s. (2) ding (SGK 12 nang cao - trang 73). (8) saivi {C,H,NH,]'Cl- + NaOH > C,H,NH, 7 + NaCl + H,0 (4) ding (SGK 12 co ban - trang 41). C6 2 phat biéu ding. > Bap an B cau 7: dy, =15,5 My = 15,52=31 VIY Fam xanh quy tim 4m va My = 31 Y 1a CHsNHa, ~ XA CH=CH-COONHSCHs. CH2=CH-COONH;CH3 + NaOH = Cl1=CH-COONa + CHIsNEzt + He = Dap an B Cau 8: Ta c6 cdc phuong trinh phan ing: Y H:N-CHz-COOH + NaOH — HeN-CHe-COONa + Hz0 HNCH,COOH + HCl ~> CH, NCH,COOH ¥ HOOC-CH-CHis-CH(NHz)-COOH + 2NaOH > NaQOC-CHz-CH»-CH(NHz)-COONa + 220 HOOC-CH»-CHs-CH(NEi)-COOH + HCl» HOOC-CH, -CH, ~CH(NH, C)-COOH v H2N-CH2COOC:Hs + NaOH > H2N-CH2COONa + C2HsOH HAN-CHsCOOGiHs + HCl + H:0 = CIH, NCH,COOH + CzHs0H Y CHsCOONH, + NaOH > CHsCOONa + NHst + HCL CE:COONH, + HCl—> CHCOOH + NHC Y CoHsNH2NOs + NaOH CzHsNH2+ NaNO; + H20 = C6 4 chat vira téc dung voi HCI vita tac dung véi NaOH. > Dap 4nD cau 9: A sai vi chi nhiing peptit c6 tir 2 lién két peptit tr 1én o6 phan img mau biure vot Cuts. B sai vi trong phan tir tripepit 6 2 lién két peptit. C sai vi cdc hop chat peptit bi thiy phn trong méi trudng axit va m6i truéng bazo. LE DANG KHUONG - NGUYEN XUAN TRUONG 15CHUONG 3: AMIN - AMINO AXIT - PEPTIT - PROTEIN D ding vi trong phan tir axit glutamic cé nhém -COOH va nhém -NFb nén c6 tinh. lwéng tinh. HOOC-CHz-CHz-CH(NHz)-COOH + 2NaQH ~ NaQOC-CHz-CH:-CH(NH,)-COONa + 2H20 ‘HOOC-CHz-CH2-CH(NHa)-COOH + HCl» HOOC-CH, ~CH, ~CH(NH, Cl)-COOH > Dap nD Cu 10: Y Glyxin: HzNCH2COOH cé 1 nhém -NHz va. 1 nhém -COOH nén dung dich ¢6 méi trudng trung tinh ~ Khong lam 461 mau quy tim. Y Alanin: CHsCH(NHz)COOH cé 1. nh6m -NH; va 1 nhém ~COOH nén dung dich cé moi trudng trung tinh > Khéng lam aéi mau quy tim, Lysin: H2N[CHz]«CH(NH2)COOH cé 2 nhém -NH va 1 nhém -COOH nén dung dich ¢6 mi trudng bazo ~ Lam quy tim déi mau xanh. Y Valin: (CHs),CHCH(NH2)COOH c6 1 nhém -NH, va 1 nhém -COOH nén dung dich 6 méi truong trung tinh > Khénglam a6i mau quy tim. Y Axit glutamic: HOOC-CHp-CHe-CH(NHz)-COOH 06 2 nhém ~COCH va 1 nhém -NHz nén dung dich c6 méi trudng axit> Lam qui tim déi mau a3 ~ Day chi chéta nhiing dung dich amino axit ichong lam quy tim déi maw ia Gly, Val, Ala, = bap anB Cau 11: Asal vi axit glutamic HOOC-CH(NHz)-CHz-CH2-COOH cé 2 nhém COOH va 1 nhém ~NH; nén dung dich c6 mi treémg axit > Lam quy chuyén sang mau dé. B diing vi ta c6 phwong trinh phan tng: HeN-CH(COOH)-Ctig-CH;-CONH-CH(CHs)COOH + 3Na0H ~ NaOOC-CH(NH2)-CHz- CH,-COONa + CHsCH(NH:)COONa + 2H20 Cai vi protein bi déng ty khi dun néng. D sai vi trong phan tl Gly - Ala c6 1 lién két peptit. > Dap an B Cau 12: Peptit c6 amino axit dau N 1a phenylalanin (Phe) > Peptit c6 dau Ia géc Phe — Cac peptit théa main diéu kién: (1) Phe-Ser-Phe-Pro (2) Phe-Ser-Phe (8) Phe-Ser (4) Phe-Pro C6 4 cng thitc cu tao phi hop. > Dap anD cau 13: v Xa H2NCH2COOH HiNCHCOOH + HC > CIH, NCH,COOH 2 HeNCH2COOH + Na,O— 2 H2NCH2COONa + H:0 YY IR CHsCHNOz 116 LE DANG KHUGONG - NGUYEN XUAN TRUONGCHU'ONG 3: AMIN - AMINO AXIT - PEPTIT - PROTEIN CH3CH,NO; +[H] > CHsCH2NHz Ys CHaCH2NHe + HaSOs > CHsCHzNHsHSO, Yo CHsCH,NH3HSO, + 2NaOH — CHsCH.NEz + Na,SO, + H0 > Dap an D Cau 14: Cong thite cau tao ciia cae chat: ¥ Vinyl axetat (CHsCOOCH=CH;): & ditu kign thurdng li chat long. Y Anilin (CeHlsNHz) & diéu kign thudng la chat ling, Y Glyxin (HeNCH2COOH) é digu kign thudng Ia chat long. Y Metylamin (CHsNH2) & digu kién thuong la chat khi, = Dap an D Cau 15: ViX 1a pentapeptit ~ X c6 chita 5 géc a-amino axit. ‘Tir tripepit Ala-Glu-Gly — X con thiéu 2 géc a-amino axit. Ngoai ra, tiv dipeptit Val-Ala va Gly-Ala > cng thite cia X Ia: Val-Ala-Glu-Gly-Ala. > Dap an B Cau 16: dy, =8,5—M, =8,5.2=17 = 17 va lam xanh quy tim 4m nén Y1a NH. X c6 2 cong thite edu tao phi hyp la: CHsCH2CH2COONH,, (CHs).CHCOONHs. ‘Ta c6 phuong trink phan tng: CFlgCH2CH2COONHs + NaOH — CHsCH2CH2COONa + NHst + HO (CH:),CHCOONH, + NaOH ~ (CH;),CHCOONa + NHst + H20 > Dap in B cau 17: Adting viz NH, NH Br Br + 3Br, —» | + 3HBr 7 B ving vi lysin: HaN(CHz).CH(NHz)COOH 6 sé nhém - NHz nhiu hon sé nhém ~ COOH = quy tim chuyén mau xanh. C dang vi glyxin: NH,CH,COOH cd sé nhém - NH bang sé nhém - COOH quy tim khong chuyén mau. D sai vi cho Cu(OH)2 vao dung dich long trang trig thay xuat hign mau tim (phan (ng mau biure). > Dap an D LE BANG KHUONG - NGUYEN XUAN TRUONG 7CHUONG 3: AMIN - AMINO AXIT - PEPTIT - PROTEIN Cau 18: X (CoHi003N2) + NaOH = hn hgp khf lam xanh quy tim 4m + mudi > X la mudi cacbonat Cong thie edu tao cia Xta: | CH3NHs 0, nay? Ta ¢6 phuong trinh héa hoc CH3NH3 , CO; +2NaOH —@ NH, +CH NH, +Na,CO3 + 2H,0 NH, hn + My = 106 g/mol > Bap anc Cau 19: Chat khi ¥ lam xanh quy tim dm -» ¥ 14 NHs hoe amin, C6 2 céng thite cau tao phi hop véi X 1a CHsCOONH, va HCOONHSCH3, ‘Tacé phuong trinh héa hoc CHsCOONH, + NaOH -+ CHsCOONa + NH t+ #20 HCOONH:CH + NaOH > HCOONa + CHsNH2 1 + H20 = Bap 4nD Cau 20: 118 Y Xl: H,NCH,COOCHs HzNCH;COOCHs + NaOH + HzNCHCOONa + CH:0H v Y la CH,=CHCOONHs CHz=CHCOONH; + NaQH > CHz=CHCOONa + NH31 + H20 > ZvaT la: CHsOH va NH > Dap an LB BANG KHUONG - NGUYEN XUAN TRUONGPOLIME CHUONG 4: CHUONG 4: POLIME gy mgupsecie | “Sones noo Ol wwe EES o'ne to THOT HROERRTH SOR | wise zoguan 4 Re! Yoru a oe Cor) {jooue na}yod (eee uo 4" ‘0009 eyoooTHDU D4} <——HoMUs “EIDE lupe diep Bu wet Be 2 puss “Eubub3 go tows “Ea 0} pip Bun wey rar ypa an 088 8uQ> Bug upy SPIN go oNROE INPRO Ge ea an aged oI i a a Bagg aa AL no oo eG oD Tog, map tac HERE wun ‘wniiosyiod ognqe wa, ug jUYEN XUAN TRUONG LE DANG KHUONG - NGICHUONG 4: POLIME 1. Khai nigm Polime la nhitng hop chat c6 phan tk khét Ién, do nhiéu don vj nhé (mat xich) lién két véi nhau tao thank, Monome: La nhitng phan tir tao nén mat xich ctia polime Céng thitc tng quat: (A), trong dé: nia hé sé tring hop, hé sé polime héa, 46 polime héa. Ala mat xich. 2. Phan loai Y Polime thién nhién: Cé sin trong thién nhién nhwr to tim, tinh bot, protein, cao su thién nhién, xenlulozo,... ¥ Polime nhan tao hay ban t6ng hep; Lay nguyén ligu m6t phiin tir polime thién nhién. Vi dy: To visco, to axetat, to dng - amoniac, xenlulozo trinitrat [CeHz02(ONO2)3]n,.. didu ché tty xenlulozo. ¥ Polime tng hop: tao ra tir c4e nguyén ligu téng hop. Vi du: Polietilen, poli (vinyl clorua) (PVC),... 3. Cau trie Y Mach thang: Hau hét polime. Y Mach nhénh: Rezol, amilopectin, glicogen.... Y Mang khéng gian: Nhu revit hay bakelit, cao su luu héa,.. 4. Danh phap ‘Ten polime = “poli” + tén monome tuwong ing Vi dy: Polietilen: £CH, -CH,},, 5. Tinh chat vat iy ~Y Chat rn, khéng bay hoi, nhiét 46 néng chay khdng xc dinh, khOng tan trong cc dung mdi théng thudng. ¥ Polime cé tinh déo, tinh dan hdi, céch dién, cdch nhiét... 6. Tinh chat hoa hoe ¥ Phan tng thiy phan w Trong méi trudng kiém: Trong phan tt polime 6 chita nhém ~COO- hode nhom -~CONH-. x Trong mai trudng axit: Trong phan tik polime cé chira nhém -COO- hoc nhém ~ CONH-, ho&c ¢6 c6 ngu’n géc tir xentulozo. Vidu: +CH-CH jy + nNaOH “+ 4 CH-CHy}, +nCH,COONa OcocH; On poli(vinyl axetat) poli(vinyl ancol) (CcH,o05), + nH,O—¥“> nC,H,,0, tinh bét hoac xenluloze NH-[CHz}5-CO; + H,O Sut, nn HZN-[CH,]5-COOH nilon-6 120 LE DANG KHUONG - NGUYEN XUAN TRUONGCHUNG 4: POLIME v Phan tengthé: +CHy-Ci4; + nCl, “> cH-cHy,, + nHCL ad ac ¥ Phan tng cong vao lién két cl €CHy-CH=C-CHy}, + nHCL pe §CHy- Cy C- Cll} Hy CHy poliisopren poliisopren hidroclo héa ¥ Phan tng khau mach cachon 7. Biéu ché ¥ Tring hop 2x La qué trinh két hop nhiéu phan nk nké (monome) thanh ede phan tt rt tén (polime), © Dieu kién: Monome tham gia phan ting tring hop phai cé lién két bi hoc vong kém ben. *Polietilen (PE): CH=CH, SEAL 4 CHp-CH2}; etilen * Teflon, poli tetrafloetilen: nCF2=CF) pxt 4 CF CF2}5 tetrafloetilen *Polipropilen (PP): nCH=CHy Spx + CHC} cH; CHy propilen * Poli (vinyl clorua) (PVC): nCH=CH EBS -¢-CHy CH, a a vinyl clorua * To nitron, teolon: nCH2-CH PBA Hy CH CN CN vinyl xianua *Polistiren (PS): CH=CH, Spx + CH-CHy CoHs CeHs stiren, * Poli metyl acrylat: nCHz=CH-CoocH, SPX +CH-Cliy},, coocHl, metyl acrylat * Poli metyl metacrylat (thay tinh hitu co flexiglas) ACH=C-COOCHs Evpixt then Os Coock, /n metyl metacrylat . * Cao su buna, polibutadien: nCH,=CH-CH=CH, &2N& {.CH,-CH=CH-CHy}, buta-1,3-dien LE DANG KHUONG - NGUYEN XUAN TRUONG 121CHUONG 4: POLIME * Cao su buna-N RCH=CH-CH=CH, + nCH,-CH-CN !p.Xt {.CH,-CH=CH-CH,-CH-CHz}, CN buta-1,3-dien vinyl xianua * Cao su buna-S nCH)=CH-CH=CH, + CH=CH, Pt, “+ CHy-CH=CH-CH2-CH-CHy}, “oH, CoHs buta-L3-dien _stiren . cao suisopren: MCHz=€-CH=CH, SLB, -{CHy-C=CH-CHa cHs CHs isopren * To capron Cy CH C0 Spat -{NH-(CHp]5-CO4; Y Tring ngung a La qué trinh két hop nhieu phén tir nhd (monome) thank phain ti lan (polime) ding thoi gidi phéng nhiing phan tee nho khdc (vf du H20). © Didu kién céu tao cia monome: C6 ft nht 2 nhém chiéc c6 kha ning phn img v6i nhau tao ra ign két. Nilon-6: BH2N-[CHa}s-COOH PS -LNH-[CHz]5-COF, + nHz0 * Nilon-7(to enang): nH;N-[CHz]g-COOH @P*% {NH-[CH,]6-CO4;, +nH,0 axit w-aminoenantoic * Nilon-6,6 nHOOC-[CHg]q-COOH + nflgN-{CHy]g-NHy “22> —> + NH-{CH,]6-NH-CO-[CH,],-CO}, + 2nH,0 *To lapsan nHOOC-CeHy-COOH + nHO-CH-CH-OH £2Xt» —> +06-CgHlq-C0-0-CH-CH,-0+, + 2nH,0 * Keo dan ure-fomandehit nNH;-CO-NH, + nCH,0 —-#', {NH-CO-NH-CH,4,, #nH,0 ure fomandehit 122 LE DANG KHUONG - NGUYEN XUAN TRUONGCHUGNG 4; POLIME * Poli (phenol-fornandehit) (PPF) ou O +HCH=0g, 2 Novolac OH OQ +HCH-O {2s Rezol 150°C, Revit ( Bakelit) 8 Chat déo: La vat ligu polime cé tinh déo. M6t s6 polime diing lim chat déo Y Polietilen (PE). ¥ Poli(viny! clorua) (PVC). Y Poli(metyl metacrylat). Y Poli{phenol-fomandehit) (PPF). 9. To: La vat ligu polime hinh soi dai va manh v6i dg bén nhat din, ¥ To thién nhién: Béng, len, to tim... thanh phn chinh 1a xentuloze. Y To héa hoe © To téng hop: Ché tao tir cdc polime téng hop nhw cdc to poliamit (nilon, capron, lapsan), to vinylic (vinilon). © To ban tng hop hay to nhan tao: xudt phat tir polime thién nhién nhung ché bign bang phuong php héa hoc nhw to visco, xenlulozo axetat,... 10. Cao su: La vat ligu potime cé tinh dan hoi, ¥ Cao su thién nhién: Polime cita isopren (c6 cau hinh cis). ¥ Cao su tng hop: Cao su buna, cao su buna-S, cao su buna-N, cao su isopren. BAL TAP LY THUYET BAI TAP MAU = Coban Cau 1: Qua trinh két hop nhiéu phan ti nhé (monome) thanh phan tir lén (polime) dng thdi gidi phéng nhiig phan tir nhé khéc (vi dy 120) dugc goi la phan ting A.tring hop. B. tring ngung. G.xa phong héa, D. thay phan. Huong dan giai Qué trinh két hop nhiGu phan tir nhd (monome) thinh phan tir lén (polime) dong thai gidi phéng nhimg phan ti nhd khdc (vi dy Hz0) duge gol 1a phan ding tring ngung (SGK 12 co ban trang 63). > Dap An B Cu 2: To nilon-6,6 dugc diéu ché bang phan tig tring ngung ‘A, HOOC-[CH2]2-CH(NH2)-COOH. B, HOOC-[CH2]s-COOH va HO-[CHz}2-OH. C, HOOC-[CH2}.-COOH va HaN-[CHaJe-NH2. —_D. HzN-[CHh]s-COOH, LE DANG KHUONG - NGUYEN XUAN TRUONG 123CHUONG 4: POLIME Huong din giai Phuong trinh héa hoc digu ché to nilon-6,6 1a: nHOOC-{CHz]q-COOH + nH,N-[CHg]y-NH, PE + NH-[CHa}g-NH-CO-[CHs]q-CO}n + 2n 20 > dap dnc Cau 3: Ten goi cla polime {CHy-CH=CH-CH,-CH-CH; }, Ta CN A.cao su buna-N. B. poliaxetat. C polieste. D.to visco. ‘Huéng dan giai ++ CHz-CH=CH-CHy-CH-CHp}y 12 cOng thie cita cao su buna-N CN = Dap ana Cau 4: Chat e6 kha nang tham gla phan ting tring hop 12 A. propan. B. propen. Cetan. D. pentan. Huong dan giai Propen (CHz=CH-CHs) c6 lién két C = C trong phan tir. ~ c6 thé tham gia phan tng tring hgp tao polime. Phwong trinh phan tmgtranghep: ncuj-cH 2 p-xt_. “€CHe- CHI, CH3 CHs > Dap anB Cau 5: Polifviny! clorua) c{PVC) c6 cong thie Ia AL €CHl2 CH, B. -€CHz- CH}, C£CH,-CH}, —D. €CH2- CH, br F a Hwéng dan giai Tén gol cdc chat a €CH-CH}, poli (vinyl bromua) £CHy-CH3, poli (vinyl florua) br F CH; - CH}, :polietilen £CH2-CH}, poli (vinyl clorua) 1 a > Dap anD Cau 6: Cau trite mach ciia cdc polime la A.mach nhanh. B. dang mach khong gian. C. mach khéng phan nhénh, D.ch 3X Hw6ng dan gidi Polime cé 3 logi cdu tric: Mach nhanh, mach khdng phan nhanh va dang mach khong gian (SGK 12 co ban - trang 60). > Dap anD Cau 7: Polime ding dé ché tao thuy tinh hi co (plexiglas) duoc diGu ché bing phan mg tringhop A. CHa=C(CHs)COOCHs. B. CHa =CHCOOCHs. C.CcHsCH=CH:. D.CHsCOOCH=CH:. 124 LE DANG KHUONG - NGUYEN XUAN TRUONGCHUONG 4; POLIME Hwé6ng dn gidi CHy ACHy=C-COOCH, E pat 46 Cz}, CH; coocit, thu tinh hitu eo (plexiglas) ~ Dap ana v Van dung Cau 8: Day gdm céc chat du cé kha nang tham gia phan tng tring hop la A. stiren; clobenzen; isopren; but-1-en, B. 1,2-diclopropan; vinylaxetilen; vinylbenzen; toluen, buta-1,3-dien; cumen; etilen; trans-but-2-en, D. 4,1,2,2-tetrafloeten; propilen; stiren; vinyl clorua, Hwong dan giai Chat c6 kha nding tham gia phan (mg tring hgp phai c6 lién két bol hoc vong kém ben, Asai vi clobenzen (CcHsC!) khong tham gia phan ting triing hop, B sai vi 1,2-diclopropan (CH,CI-CH2CI-CHs) va toluen (CéH¥sCH:) khong tham gia phan Gngtring hop. Cssai vi cumen (CeHsCH(CH5)2) thong tham gia phan ting tring hyp. D ding vi NCE ACE, BPM 4 CF CPs nCHy=CH-CHy "Pe + CH-CHy 1,1,2,2-tetrafloeten. propilen CH; nCH=CH, BE Spat, ¢CH-CHy 5 nCH)=CHol £2 cts Cols Cos vinyl clorua stiren > Dap 4nD Cau 9: Cho cdc loai to: Béng, to capron, to xenlulozo axetat, to tim, to nitron, nilon-6,6, $6 toténghop la AS. B.2. c3. D.4, Hwéng dan gidi To thién nhién: Bong, to tim. ‘To ban téng hop (nhan tao): To xenlulozo axetat. To téng hop: To capron, to nitron, nilon-6,6. > Dap anc * Nang cao Cau 10: Cho so a9 phan tg Cy #0 .X. tang h x RENE polime Y X + CHz=CH-CH=CHe 288"? polime Z, YvaZ lan ligt ding 4é ché tgo vat ligu polime nao sau day? LE BANG KHUONG - NGUYEN XUAN TRUONG 125CHUONG 4: POLIME A.To olon va cao su buna-N. B. To nilon-6,6 va cao su cloropren. C.To nitron va cao su buna-s. D. To capron va cao su buna. Huéng dan gidi Ta c6 cae phtrong trinh héa hoe: CH=CH+HCN—CH, =CH-CN RCH=CH-CN SPAS + CHy-CH Ig tn vinylxianua to olon hay to nitron NCH,=CH-CH=CH, + MCH,=CH-CNS-E* -{ CH,-CH=CH-CH,-CH-CHy}, CN buta-1,3-dien cao su buna-N ~ Yva Zan lugt ding dé di&u ché to olon va cao su buna-N. > bapana BAI TAP TY LUYEN 1 Cau 1: Qua trinh két hop mbiéu phan tie nhd (monome) gidng nhau hay twong ty nhau thanh phan tir én (polime) goi la phan tng Avnhiét phan, B.trao adi. C.triing hop. D. tring ngung. Céu 2: Polime cé cau trite mang khng gian (mang iuéi) 18 ALPE, B.amilopectin. cpvc, D.nhya bakelit. ‘Cau 3: PVC 1a chat rén vo dinh hinh, céch dién tt, bén v6i axit, duoc ding lam vat liéu céch ign, dng din nwéc, vai che mua,... PVC dugc tong hop truc tiép tir monome nao sau day? A. vinyl clorua, B. propilen, C.acrilonitrin. D. vinyl axetat. (Cau 4: Triing hop hidrocacbon nao sau day tao ra polime ding dé san xuat cao su buna? A. 2-metylbuta-1,3-dien. B, Penta-1,3-dien. C.But-2-en. D. Buta-1,3-dien, CAu 5: Polime nao sau day durgc téng hyp bang phan trng tring ngung? A. Poli{metyl metacrylat).. B. Poli(etylen terephtalat). € Polistiren. D. Poliacrilonitrin, Cau 6: Phat biéu nao sau day 1a ding? A.Ta visco la to tong hop. B, Tring ngung buta-1,3-dien véi acrilonitrin cé xiic tac Na dwgc cao su buna-N. C. Trang hop stiren thu dugc poli(phenol-fomandehit). D. Polifetylen terephtalat) duoc didu ché baing phan ting tring ngung céc monome trong tng. (Cau 7: Cac chat du khéng bj thuy phan trong dung dich H2SOs loang néng 12 A. to capron; nilon-6,6; polietilen. B. poli(vinyl axetat); polietilen; cao su buna. C.nilon-6,6; poli(etylen-terephtalat); polistiren. D. polietilen; cao su buna; polistiren, ‘Cau 8: Trong s6 céc loai to’ sau: to tim, te visco, to nilon-6,6, to axetat, to capron, tor enang, nhimng logi to nao thudc loai to nhan tao? 126 LE DANG KHUONG - NGUYEN XUAN TRUONGCHUONG 4: POLIME A. To'tim va to enang B. To visco va to nilon- C. To nilon-6,6 va to capron. D. To visco va to axetat. Cau 9: Cho nhéfng polime sau: cao su buna, nha bakelit, cao su lwu héa, xenlulozo, nilon- 6, PVC, amilozo- Sé polime c6 cau trite mang khéng gian 1a AL B.2. C3. D4, Cau 10: Trong cc polime sau: (1) poli(mety! metacrylat); (2) polistiren; (3) nilon-7; (4) poli(etylen-terephtalat); (5) nilon-6,6; (6) poli{vinyl axetat), cdc polime 1a san phdm cia phan tng tring ngung 1a A. (1), 8), (6). B. (4), (2), @)- ©), 3).G). D. (3), (4), 5). DAP AN i z 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 c D A D B D D D B D HUONG DAN GIAL Cau 1: Qué trinh két hgp mhi8u phan tir nhé (monome) ging nhau hay tong tw nhau thanh phan tir16n (polime) got la phan ting tring hop (SGK 12 co ban - trang 63). = Dap anc Cau 2: PE, PVC: Mach khéng phn nhanh. Amilopectin: Mach phan nhanh. Nhya bakelit: Mang khong gian (mang lu6i). > Dap an D cau 3: PVC duoc téng hop ti vinyl clorua béi phan tmg tring hop sau: nCH»=CH EPS 4 CHY-CHIp 1 a vinyl clorua poliviny! clorua) (PVC) = Dap an A. cau 4: Cao su buna duge téng hgp ty phan ting: n CH=CH-CH=CHy SENS. CH)-CH=CH-CHota, buta-1,3-dien cao subuna > bap an D cau 5: Phuong trinh héa hoc ca phan img diu ché céc chat trén lit ¥ Poli(mety! metacrylat): ° CHs EPL LOCH, Eo0cH, 127CHUONG 4; POLIME ¥ Poli(etylen terephtalat) nHOOC-C,H, -COOH + nHO-CH, ~CH, -OH “By f0C-C,H, ~CO-O-CH,~CH,-03,- + 2n#,0 ¥ Polistiren: nCH=CH, “23%. +CH-CHy}, Cells __ Cos Y Poliacrilonitrin: ncHy=CH-CN EBA. 4 CH CH, Nn > Dap anB Cau 6: Asai vi to-visco la to ban téng hgp (nhan tao). Bsai vi ddng tring hop buta-1,3-dien véi acrilonitrin xtic tac Na duoc cao su buna-N. RCH,=CH-CH=CHy + nCHy=CH-CNSPAL + CHy-CH=CH-CHy-CH-CHahy N C sai vi tring hop stiren thu dugc polistiren. nCH=CH, SPA + CH-CHe}y Cols CoHs D diing vi poli(etylen terephtalat) dugc diéu ché bang phan ting triing ngung axit terephtalic va etylen glicol. nHOOC-C,H,-COOK + nHO-CH, ~CH, -OH 2» £0C-C,H,~CO-0-CH, ~CH, -0}, + 2nH,0 poli(etylen-terephtalat) ~ Dap dn D cau 7: ‘Trong phan tit polime c6 chita nhém -COO- hoe nhém - CONH-, hodc ¢6 ngudn géc tir xenlulozo bj thiy phan trong mi tru’ng axit. Asai vi to capron, nilon-6,6 bj thily phan. B sai vi poli(vinyl axetat) bi thy phan. C sai vinilon-6,6; polifetylen-terephtalat) bj thity phan. ~ Dap an D caus: A sai vito tm 1a to ty nhién, to enang la to tng hop. B cai vito nilon-6,6 Ia to tong hop. Csai vito nilon-6,6 va to capron du la to t6ng hop. D ding vito visco va to axetat ld to nhan tao c6 ngudn géc tit xenlulozo. ~ Dap an D cau 9: Polime cé céu tric mach khéng phan nhénh: Cao su buna, xenluloze, nilon-6, amiloze. Polime c6 cu triic mach mang khng gian: Nhura bakelit, cao su luu héa. 128 LE DANG KHUONG - NGUYEN XUAN TRUONG:CHUONG 4: POLIME Polime cé cu trite mach thang phan nhanh: PVC. C6 2 hop chate6 cu trite mang khong gian. > Dap 4nB Cau 10: Phuong trinh héa hoc diéu ché cée chat trén Id: (1) poli(mety! metacrylat): CH = tip xt nCH,=C-COOCH, pet +0-CHs CH Coocts (2) polistiren: nCH=CH, ERA +CH-Cliz}y Cols Cols (@)nilon-7: nHi,N-[CH,}, -COOH —"2* 5 €NH-[CH,],-CO3; + nH,0 (4) poli(etylen-terephtalat) nHOOC-C,H, -COOH + nHO~CH, ~CH, -OH “#8 £0C-C,H, -CO-O-CH, -CH, -0}- + 2nH,0 (5) tonilon-6,6 nHOOC-{CH,]4-COOH + nll,N-(CHz]o-NH ©2%e -{ NH-[CHy]_-NH-CO-[CHp}4-CO4y, + 2nH,0 (6) poli(viny! axetat): net ERI. CH-CHy }COCHs OcocH, Céc polime la san pham cia phan tng tring ngung 1a: (3), (4), (5). > Dap 4nD BAI TAP TY’ LUYEN 2 Cau 1: Monome duoc ding dé diéu ché polietilen la ‘A. CHz=CH-CHs. B.CHECH. ©. CHz=CH-Cl. Cau 2: Te nitron dai, bln véi nhiét, gitr nhiét tét, thrdng dugc diing dé dét vai va may quan 4o am. Trang hgp chat nao sau day tao thanh polime ding a8 sin xudt to nitron? A. CH2=CH-CN. ‘B, CH2=CH-CHs. C. HeN-[CHz]s-COOH. D, HzN-[CHa}«-COOH. Cau 3: Tir monome nao sau day c6 thé diéu ché duge poli(vinyl ancol)? A. CH2=CH-COOCHs. B. CHz=CH-OCOCHs. C, CHz=CH-COOC2Hs.. ‘D. CH2=CH-CH20H. Cau 4: Cong thite phan ti cita cao su thién nbién la A. (CsH)n. B. (CaHe)oe €.(CHe)o. D. (CHa. Cau 5: Chat nao sau day khéng a polime? A Tinh bét, B, Thily tinh hiru co. C. Isopren. D. Xenlulozo triaxetat. LB DANG KHUONG - NGUYEN XUAN TRUONG 129CHUONG 4: POLIME Cau 6:Cho cdc to sau: To xenlulozo axetat, to capron, to nitron, to visco, to nilon-6,6. CO bao nhiéu to thudc loai to poliamit? Ad, B.2, C3. D.4, Cau 7:M@ ta Khong diingvé cau trac mach clia cdc polime Ia A-PVC (poli(vinyl clorua)) o6 dang mach phan nhanh, B.amilopectin cé dang mach phan nhénh. C.PVA (poli(vinyl axetat}) c6 dang mach phan nhanh. D.cao su lu héa cé dang mach lw6i khéng gian. Cau 8:phat biéu nao sau day khong dingr A.To ban tng hop hay to nhan tao (xudt phat tir polime thién nhién nhung duge ché tao thém bang phucong php héa hoc) nhuto’visco, to xenlulozo, to capron,... B.To téng hop (ché tao tir cdc polime téng hyp) nhur nilon-6,6, to lapsan, to nitron,... C-To ty nhién (sn o6 trong ty nhién) nh béng, len, to tim. D.Polime ding a8 san xuat to phai c6 mach cacbon khéng nhanh, xép song song, khong dc, cé kha nang nhugm mau, mém dai. Cau 9:Polime nao sau day Khongpj thiy phan trong mdi trudng kiém? A.PVA (poli(vinyl axetat)). B.To nilon-6,6. C-To capron. D.Cao su thién nhién. Cau 10: Day gm céc chat duoc ding dé téng hop cao su buna-S la ‘A.CH2=C(CHs)-CH=CHz, CoHsCH=CH:. B.CHy=CH-CH=CHz, CeHsCH=CHz. C.CHy=CH-CH=CHz,S. T z 3 4 10 D a D ny B HUONG DAN GIAI cau 1: . Phuong trinh héa hoc digu ché polietilen: nCH,2CH, —C:P-*ty CH; - CH} etilen polietilen + Monome tuong turong ting dé tao ra polietilen la CHz=CH2. > Dap nD cau 2: . Phuong trinh héa hoc ditu ché to nitron: nCHz=CH-CN =P. CH CH cn > Dap anA to nitron Cau 3: Phuong trinh héa hoc diBu ché poli(vinyl ancol): RCHy=CH-CH,OH EP. {CHe-CH4, ¢H,OH poli(vinyl ancol) > Dap nD 130 LE DANG KHUONG - NGUYEN XUAN TRUONGCHUONG 4: POLIME cau 4: Céng thitc cia cao su thién nhién 1a (CsHe), (SGK 12 co ban ~ trang 70)» Dap an A cau 5: Ong thite cita ede chat trén 1a: Tinh bot: (CeHi003)u Thiytinhhtuco: CH Isopren; CH2=C(CHs)-CH=CHz +C-CHiz}g Xenlulozo triaxetat: (CsH»02(ONO2)3}a CoocHs = Isopren kh6ng phai la polime. > Dap anc Cau 6: Ong thite cu tao ciia cdc hop chat trén IA ‘To xenlulozo axetat: [CeH702(0NO2);]5 To nilon-6,6: {NH-[CH,}, -NHCO-[CH,], -CO},, ‘To capron: {NH-[CH,], -CO}- To visco: la san phém cia phan img gita xenlulozo voi CS; va NaOH. Tonitron: -{ CHy-CH}, CN Poliamit IA sn phim cita phan tg tring ngung &- hoc @-amino axit >To capron va to niton-6,6 18 to poliamit. > Dap anB cau7: A sai vi PVC c6 dang mach khéng phan nhénh. B,C dting vi amilopectin, PVA cé dang mach phan nhanh. C sai vicao su lwu héa cé dang mach luéi khéng gian. > Dap and Cau 8: A sai vi to capron thudcloai to tong hop. B,C, dting (SGK 12 cobain - trang 68). 3 Dap ana Cau 9: Trong phan tir torcapron va to nilon -6,6 cé lién két -CONH - nén bj thiy phan trong méi trvéng kiém. ‘Trong phan tir PVA cé lién két -COO ~ nén bj thily phan trong mdi trudng kim. Cao su thién nhién kh6ng bj thily phan trong mdi trwéngkiém. > Bap and cau 10: ‘nCHy=CH-CH=CH, +n CH=CHz Epa. CHy-CH=CH-CH-CH-CHy ha CoHs CoHs buta-1,3-dien stiren cao su buna-S ~ Dap anB LB DANG KHUONG - NGUYEN XUAN TRUONG: 131CHU'ONG 4; POLIME '¥ Chic mirng em da hoan thanh tét bai luyén t4p chong polime ¥ Dw6i day 1a bai kiém tra tong hp ! BAI KIEM TRA Cau 1: Chat kh6ng c6 kha nang tham gia phan ting tring hop la A.buta-1,3-dien, —_Bisopren. € propen. D. toluen. Cau 2: Polime thuéc loai to nhan tao lA A.to-visco va to nilon-6,6, B.to tim va to vinilon, C.to nilon-6,6 va to capron, D.to xenlulozo axetat, Cau 3: Polime X c6 céng thie {NH~[CH, }, -CO},, . Phat biéu nao sau day kthng ding ? A.X chi duge tgo ra tir phan img tring ngumg. B.X 6 thé kéo soi. C.X thugc logi poliamit, D.% khdi lugng C trong X khong thay Adi véi moi gia trj ca n, ‘Cau 4: Cho cic chat: caprolactam (1), isopropylbenzen (2), acrilonitrin (3), glyxin (4), vinyl axetat (5). Céc chat c6 kha nang tham gia phan tng triing hgp tao polime Ia A.(4), (2) va (3). B.(2), (2) va (5). €. (1), (3) va (5). D. (3), (4) va (5). Cau 5 : To visco Ia thugc loai A.to thién nhién c6 nguén géc thye vat. B.to tng hop. C.tothién nhién cé nguin géc dong vat. D.tonhan tao. Cau 6: To nitron dai, bén voi nhiét, git nhiét tét, thuong duge ding dé dét vai va may quan 4o 4m. Tring hop chat nao sau day tao thanh polime ding dé san xuat tornitron? A.CH2=CH-CN, B.CH2=CH-CHs. C.HpN-[CHz}s-COOH, D. HzN-[CH2}«-COOH. Cau 7: Trong cdc polime c6 cing s6 mit xich sau day, polime nao cé khéi luwgng phan tir nhé nhat? A.Poli(vinyl axetat), _B. To capron. G.Thiy tinthiuco. —D.Polistiren. ‘Cau 8: Phat biéu nao sau day la ding? A.Sqi béng, to tm thuéc loai polime thién nhién. B.To visco, to xenluloze axetat déu thudc loai to tong hgp. C.Polietilen va poli(vinyl elorua) Ia sin pham ciia phan tng tring ngung, D. To nilon-6,6 dugc di8u ché tir hexametylendiamin va axit axetic. Cau 9: San pham hitu co cia phan ting nao sau day khéng ding dé ché tao to tng hyp? A. Tring hop metyl metacrylat. B. Tring ngung hexametylendiamin voi axit adipic. C. Tring hop vinyl xianua. D. Tring ngung axit e-amino caproic. 132 LB BANG KHUONG - NGUYEN XUAN TRUONGCHUONG 4: POLIME Cau 10: Cho cdc polime sau: £CH,—CH, 3;, CH, ~CH=CH-CH, 3-,£NH-CH, ~CO}-. Cong thitc cita céc monome dé khi tring hyp hodc tring ngwng tao ra cdc polime trén Iain lugt i H-CH, CHs-CH(NHz)-COOH, ‘Hs, CHa=CH-CH=CH, NHz-CH2-COOH. . CH=CH, CHs-CH=C=Cltz, NHo-CH2-COOH, D. CH=CH, CHa-CH=CH-CHs, NHz-CHz-CHz-COOH, Cau 14: Polime nao ¢6 cdu tric dang phan nhanh? A. Xenlulozo. B. Amilopectin, C. Teflon. D.CaA,B,C. C4u 12: Poli(vinyl axetat) 18 polime dugc diéu ché bing phan tng tring hep ‘A. CoHsCOO-CH=CH2. ©. CHsCOO-CH=CHs. Au 13: Céng thite nao sau day khong ding véi tén goi? A. Teflon {CF,—CF,3-. B.Nitron £CH, —CHCN},. C.Thily tinh hitu co €CH, ~CH(COOC,H,)3,,.. _D- To enang (NH—(CH,), -CO},. Cau 14: Poli(metyl metacrylat) vi nilon-6 dugc tao thanh tir cdc monome tuong tg la H-COOCHs va HN-[CH.].-COOH. =C(CHs)-COOCHs va H2N-[CH:]eCOOH. C.CH-COO-CH=CHz va HaN-[CH2]s-COOH, D. CHa=C(CHs)-COOCH, va H2N-[CH2]s-COOH, CAu 15: Poli(etylen terephtalat) duoc diéu ché bang phan ting voi axit terephtalic v6i chat nao sau day? A. Etylen glicol, B. Etilen, ©.Glixerol. D. Ancol etylic. Cau 16: Polime ndo c6 thé thiy phan trong mdi trxéng kim? A. To capron. B.Polistiren. Teflon. D. Poli(phenol-fomandehit). Cau 17: C6 cdc chat sau: keo dan ure-fomandehit; to lapsan; to nilon-6,6; protein; soi béng; amoni axetat; nhya novolac. Trong céc chat trén, c6 bao nhiéu chat ma trong phan tie cia ching c6 chtva nhém -NHCO-? Ae. B.A, 3. D.s. Cau 48: Trong cic polime: to tim, sgi béng, to visco, tor nilon-6, to’ nitron, nhing polime 6 nguon géc tir xenlutoze 1a ‘A. soi béng, to visco va ta nilon-6. B. to tim, soi béng va tonitron. C.sgi bang va to visco. D. torvisco va te nilon-6. Cau 19: Cho céc polime: (1) polietilen, (2) polifmetyl metacrylat), (3) polibutadien, (A polistiren, (5) poli{vinyl axetat) va (6) to nilon-6,6. Trong cdc polime trén, cc polime 6 thé bj thuy phan trong dung dich axit va dung djch kiém la A.(1), (4), (5). B.(1), (2), (5). ©. (2), (5), (6). D.(2), (3), (6). Cau 20: To nao duéi day thudc Joai to nhan tao? A.To nilon-6,6. B. To axetat. To tam. D.To-capron. LE DANG KHUONG - NGUYEN XUAN TRUONG 133CHUONG 4: POLIME i 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 OR] oi HUONG DAN GIAI cau 4: itu kign cin vé edu tao ctia monome tham gia phan ting tring hgp [a trong phan tit phai cé lién két bi nh CHz =CHo,.. hoe vong kém bn c6 thé mora. Buta ~ 1,3 ~ dien ¢6 CTCT: CH2=CH-CH=CHe (chira lin két d6i trong phan tit) — tham gia phan ing tring hop. Isopren 6 CTCT: CH, =C-CH=CH, (chia lién két doi trong phan ti). big > tham gia phan tng tring hp. Propen: CH2 = CH - CH (chtta lién két d6i trong phan ti). — tham gia phan img tring hop. Toluen: CHs-CsHs (c6 vong 6 canh -CeHs bén, nhém -CHs trén vng benzen khéng cd lign két bi) > khong tham gia phan tng tring hop tao polime. > Dap an D Cau 2: A sai vito nilon-6,6 1A to tng hop. B sai vito tdm lato thién nhién. € sai vi to nilon-6,6 va tor capron déu 1a to tong hop. D ding vi to xenlulozo axetat Ia to bén tng hgp (nhan tao). Dap anD cau 3: A sai vi X c6 thé diéu ché tiy phan ting tring hop va tring ngung. Hy CHyC=0 HC. [ S2PXE {NH-[CH,]5-CO- HC CHy-NH ~ENH-[CHz]5-CO4, nHZN-[CHy]5-COOH EBX, {NH-[CHy]-CO}, +nH,0 B diing vi X duoc ding dé dét vai may mic, vai lot sim l6p xe, € diing vi X duge tao tir e-amino axit nén thude loai poliamit. 12.6n D dung vi Yom, ===" 100% = 63,72! hing vi 96m, =F ~100% %. > Dap ana Cau 4: Digu kign can vé cu tgo cia monome tham gia phan tg triing hop [a trong phan tir phai cé lién két b6i nhu CH =CHb,... hoc vong kém bén cé thé mora. 134 LE DANG KHUONG - NGUYEN XUAN TRUONGCHUONG 4: POLIME Céc cht cé Kha nang tham gia phin img tring hgp tao polime: caprolactam, crilonitrin, vinyl axetat. JCHz-CH-C=0 HAC. jo Epkt +-NH-{CHp]5-CO4;, 2c CHy-NH “F NH-[CHg]5-CO 5 caprolactam nCH)=CH-CN Eat + CHa-CH4, CN acrilonitrin NCHjCOOCH=CH, ©P, {CH-CHz}y OCOCH3 vinyl axetat > Dap nC cau 5: ‘To visco durgc tgo thanh tly qué trinh ché héa xenlulozo (nguyén ligu ty nhién). ~ a tonhan tao (hay to ban téng hop). > pap anD cau 6: . Phuong trinh héa hoc itu ché tornitron: nCHy=CH-CN +> +-cHy-CH45 én = Dap ina to nitron cau 7: ‘Tacé céng thite cau tao va phan tir khéi ciia cdc polime trén 18: Poli(vinyl axetat): {CH, —-CH(OCOCH,)}}-,M=86n To capron: {NH-[CH,],-CO}-,M=113n Thiy tinh hiruco: € C(CHa)-CH, tn M=100n coocHs Polistiren {CH, —CH(C,H,}¥-,M=104n ~ Polime cé phan tir khdinhé nbat la poli(viny! axetat) ~ Dap dn A Cau 8: Adiing vi soi bang va to’ tim c6 sfin trong thién nhién nén thuéc polime thién nhién, Bsai vi to visco, to xenlulozo axetat déu la to nhan tao (to ban téng hop). Cssai vi polietilen va poli(vinyi clorua) la san phém ciia phan tng tring hgp. nCHy=CH, "2 4. CHy-CHy a nCH)=CHCL Spat {CHCl a LE DANG KHUONG - NGUYEN XUAN TRUONG 135CHUONG 4: POLIME Dsal vi to nilon-6,6 dugc digu ché tir hexametylendiamin va axit adipic. nHOOG-[CH2]4-COOH + nHN-{CHz]¢-NHz “P= { NH-fCHa}¢-NH-CO-[CHz}q-CO4, + 2nH,0 axit adipic hexametylendiamin > Dépan a caus: Y Tring hop metyl metacrylat thu duoc poli(metyl metacrylat) hay thly tinh how co (plexiglas) NCHy=C-COOCH, =P. LC(CH,)-CHy ty CHy Gooch, metyl metacrylat ¥ Tring ngung hexametylendiamin v6i axit adipic thu dugc to nilon-6,6 nHOOC-[CHz]q-COOH + nHpN-{CHz]6-NHy *P > + NH-[CHp]_-NH-CO-[CHz]4-CO 3g + 2nH,0 axit adipic hexametylendiamin Y Tring hep vinyl xianua thu duge to olon hay to nitron NCH=CH-CN EP 4 cHy- CH}, én vinyl xianua ¥ Tring ngung axit e-amino caproic thu duge to nilon-6 nH)N-[CHy]5-COOH £22 -LNH-(CHz]5-CO}, +nH,0 e-aminocaproic = Dap an A Cau 10: Phuong trinh diéu ché céc polime: nCHy=CHy PS gH chia NCHy=CH -CH=CH, —22B-%ty {CH,-CH=CH-CH2}; AHN-CHy-COOH "HPs cn .cHy-CO%, + nHO ~ Céc monome tuong tig dé ditu ché cdc polime trén la: CHa=CH», CHa=CH-CH=CHa, NHz- CH2~ COOH. > Dap anB 136 L& DANG KHUONG - NGUYEN XUAN TRUONGCHUONG 4: POLIME Cau 14: Xenluloze’cé c4u tao mach polime khéng phan nhanh, Amilopectin cé trong tinh b6t, tin tai 6 dang mach polime phan nhanb. Teflon c6 eu tgo mach polime khéng phan nhénh, ~ Dap énB Cau 12: Poli(vinyl axetat) la polime dugc diéu ché bang phan tng: NCH,COOCH=CH, SBA {CH-CHy}, OcOCHs poli(vinyl axetat) ~ Dap an Cau 13: ‘Ten goi cia céc hop chat la: Teflon {CF ~CE}-. Thiy tinh hétuco — CHg Nitron CH, -CHCN}-. pore + To enang {NH~{CH,], -CO},. COOCH; /n > Dap an Cau 14: Phwong trinh héa hoc di8u ché poli(metyl metacrylat) va nilo1 nCHy=C-COOCH, "PE .¢(CH,)-CHt cH; coocH, poli(metyl metacrylat) HQN-[CHyJg-COOK EP -LNH-[CHy]5-CO}, +nH20 to niton-6 > Dap nD cau 18: Ta cé phuong trinh héa hoe: nHOOC-CeHy-COOH + nHO-CH,-CH-OH =P. 1 0¢-CgH4-CO-0-CH,-CH,-O}yy- + 2n HO axit terephtalic etylen glicol poli(etylen terephtalat) > DapanA Cau 16: ‘Trong phan tiv to capron cé lién két -CONH - nén bj thiy phan trong méi trudmg kiém. > Dap ana cau 1 Co 3 chit ma trong phan ti cia ching ¢6 chita lién két -NH-Ct fomandehit, to nilon-6,6, protein, > Dap anc LE DANG KHUONG - NGUYEN XUAN TRUONG 137CHUONG 4: POLIME cau 18: B sai vito nitron 18 to téng hop Khong cé ngudn géc ti xenlulozo, to t&m la to thién nhién ¢6 ngudn géc tir dng vat CH=CH-CN PAS £ CHy-CHp CN To nitron € diing vi soi bng c6 thanh phin chin Ia xenluloze: (95-98%) (SGK 12 nang cao - trang 46). To visco la san phim cia xenluloze véi CS2 va NaOH (SGK 12 nang cao - trang 48). A, Dsaivito nilon-6 Ia to téng hop, khong c6 ngudn g6c tt xenlulozo nHQN-[CHz]5-COOH ©P2%. -L.NH-[CHz]5-COJn +n H,0 To nilon-6 > Dap an cau 19: Trong cic polime cé chira nhém ~CONH- hoc nhém ~COO- bj thay phan trong dung dich axit va dung dich kiém. Y (2): polifmetyi metacrylat) $C(CH3)-CHy}y + NNaOH ——» -{ C(CHg)-CHJy +n CHJOH COOCHS Coona ¥ (5) poliviny! axetat) + CH-CH, Jy + nNaOH ——» -{CH-CH, jy +m CH3COONa OCH oH ¥ (6)tonilon-66 -ENH-[CHz]-NH-CO-[CHz]4-CO}, * 2n NaOH ——enNaOOC-[CHIy]y-COONa 4+ nH.N-[CHy}g-NH, = Dap anc Cau 20: To nilon-6,6: To téng hop ‘To axetat: To nhan tao ‘Tor tim: To thién nhién To capron: To téng hop. = Dap anB 138 LE DANG KHUONG - NGUYEN XUAN TRUONGCHUONG 5: TONG HOP HUU CO CHUONG 5: TONG HOP HUU CO’ HOODENTHIO *yNOODE (2nuop uomeysayd) OANA HOEN 19a Sup up ‘arenony 0209019 + Ono D9) Waar uar+ ‘aga utp og: Sopa ema — eg (owoyd CS yey # “aN (woqoesoupn 208" et) wooott ‘azaquew ‘o202015+ 20H wo 9940+ p22) 16q204 19+ ‘p49 Bunp ype Bunp 2: Gioea) 1 8v9=98~ WD=95 - 3yz « (oxowunurnopony ‘ozoanf) IpHNORDED + (7H NU "HN= 4) Bz + YOODH nop NE ED pNEKASG + S¥z~ HOOK ARY+ AVF OHH Syz~ oH (o=1-a)anepuy + (Gaong Supa /2eq Bupn Fan uy) Gugn) 13 + O49 ~ “UN/‘ONBV Yon Bun wena {ooneur‘oxonesoes bq yun “ozojqtan) repyYoqpeD ~ ofnz + s9"{000"n) (Gus ses) 99*(o038) — HOOD RY (ep aise un upyd) ora vary = om yon uy mena ‘Bi UR HO iON Z 993% do OH 1 o'n9 Monten oy HOENZ+ {HOMDZ + HOODH SOD (woqpeoaupeg ag er) og yunx & (HOODY) IH Cosma Jun ugyd) wp news ~ woreud fandedp an) andeas = "Hoag + HOOD'HDE pA Swamp 9p 2910N 139 LE DANG KHUONG - NGUYEN XUAN TRUONGCHUONG 5: TONG HOP HO'U co CAC DANG BAI TAP LY THUYET DANG 1: Phan teng voi AgNOs/NHs > CH=0 > Ag! (trang) (phan tng trang bac/ trang bac) Andehit (R-CH=0) RCHO > 2Ag HCHO > 4ag Axit: HCOOH > 2Ag Este, mudi clta axit fomic: HCOOR > 2Ag (R= NHs, Na, CHs,.) Cacbohidrat (glucozo, fructozo, mantozo) > 2Ag > RCECH > RC=CAg! (vang) BAI TAP MAU v= Coban Cau 1: Chat khong tham ra phan ig trang bac la A. glucozo. B. fructozo. C.saccarozo. D. metyl fomat. Huéng dan giai Cac phan tmg hod hoc xay ra: ¥ Glucoze, fructozo: Fructozo => Glucozo CH,OH[CHOH], CHO + 2AgNO, + 3NH, +H,0—> CH,OH[CHOH], COONH, + 24g! + 2NH,NO, Metyl fomat: 2AgNOs + H20 + 3NHs + HCOOCHs > HsCOCOONHs + 2Ag 1 + 2NHANO3 ~ Chat kh6ng tham ra phan ting trang bac la saccarozo > Dap anC Cau 2: Chat nao duéi day phan tng véi dung dich AgNOs trong NHs du? A. tinh bot. B.CH,COOCH,C=CH. CPE. D.anilin, Hwéng dan giai ‘Chat tham gia phan ting voi dung djch AgNOs trong NHis dw 1a CH,COOCH,C=CH CH,COOCH,C=CH + AgNO; + NHs > CH,COOCH,C=Cags+ NHsNOs > bap anB Cau 3: Chat phan ting duge voi AgNOs/NH,, dun néng tgo ra kim loai Ag la A.CH;NH2. B. H2NCH;COOH. C. HCOOCéHs. D.CH,COOH. Huéng dan giai Chat phan tg dugc véi dung dich AgNO; trong NHs, dun néng tao ra kim loai Ag 1a chat trong phan tir c6 nhém chttc -CHO (andehit, axit fomic, mudi cita axit fomic hofc este ctia axit fomtc) 140 LE DANG KHUONG - NGUYEN XUAN TRUONGCHUONG 5: TONG HOP HOU CO” ‘Trong cae chat trén cé HCOOCsHs Ia este cia axit fomic nén phan ig dugc voi AgNO, trong dung dich Nii, dun néng tao ra kim loai Ag. HCOOCcHs + 2AgNOs + HzO + 3NH3 > CcHsOCOONH, + 2Ag L + 2NHsNOs > Dap anc ‘Cau 4: Chat nao sau day o6 phan ting trang bac? A, Sacearozo. B. Xenlulozo. €. Tinh bét D, Glucozo. Hw6ng din giai Chat c6 phan tg trang bac Ia glucozo ~ Bap an D v Van dung (Cau 5: Cho céc chat: saccarozo, HCOOCHs, CH=CCOOCH,. $6 chat cé phan tng trang bac la Al. B.3. G2, D.4, Huéng dan Chat tham gia phan tng trang bac: HCOOCHs HCOOCHs + 2AgNOs + H1z0 + 3NHs— CHsOCOONH, + 2Ag 1 + 2NHsNOs Chii yi CH= CCOOCH, phan ting thé voi AgNO3/NH3 bap ana Cau 6: Cho day céc chat: fructozo, glucozo, etylamin, metyl axetat. $6 chat trong day cb kha nang tham gia phan (mg trang bacla AB. B.2. C1. D4, Huéng dan giai Cac chat cé khd nding tham gia phan tg trang bac: fructozo, glucoze Fructozo khéng cé nhém chic andehit nhung trong méi tréng bazo cé chuyén héa: Fructoz <> Glucozo ~» Fructozo ciing cé phan ting trang bac Phuong trinh héa hoc cia phan ting: CH,OH[CHOH], CHO + 2AgNO, + 3NH, +H,O—-> CH,OH[CHOH], COONH, + 2Ag+ + 2NH,NO, ~ Dap anB Cau 7: Cho day céc chat: nilon-6, CHsCOOC:Hs, (HCOO).C2Ha, Gly-Gly, HCOOCHS. $6 chat ‘trong day tham gia phan (rng trang bac 1a AL2. B.6. G4, D5. Hwong dan giai Cac chat tham gia phan tng tréng bac: HCOOCHs, (HCOO).CoH, HCOOCHs + 2AgNOs + 3NHs + He0—> CHs0COONH, + 2NHsNOs + 2AgL (HCO0):CoH, + 4AgNO3 + 2NHs + 2H20 —> CoH4(OCOONH.): + 2NH.NOs + 4Agl >DépanA Cau 8 : Cho day cdc chat: HCOOCH=CHCHs, HCOOH, HzNCHCHsCOOH, CizHz201s (mantozo). $6 chat trong day tham gia dugc phan img tréng bac la A3. B.6. C5. D4. LE DANG KHUONG - NGUYEN XUAN TRUONG 14LCHUONG 5: TONG HOP HOU CO Hwéng dan giai Cée chat tham gia phin tmg trang bac: HCOOH, CiHa20:: (mantozo), HCOOCH=CHCH3. HCOOH + 2AgNOs + 4NHs + H2O > 2NHsNOs + (NE).COs + 2AgL Ci1HzyO1CHO +2AgNOs + 3NHs + H20 — CiiH21010COONHy+ 2Agl + 2NH«NO3 HCOOCH=CHCHs + 2AgNOs + 3NHs + H20 > CHsCH=CHOCOONH; + 2NHNO3 + 2Agl = Dap 4n A + Nang cao C4u 9: Cho c4c hyp chat hitu co: CH,COOCH,C=CH, C2H02 (don chitc, lam chuyén mau quy tim thanh 48); CsHi02 (mach hé, don chitc). Biét C3H,0z khéng lam chuyén mau quy tim dm. $6 chat tac dung duge voi dung dich AgNO; trong NHs tao ra két tia la A.3, B.4, C5. D.2. Hwéng dan giai CoH40z: don chitc, lim chuyén mau quy tim thanh 43 la CHsCOOH CsH402 khong lam chuyén mau quy tim 4m nén la HCOOCH=CHe > Ch&t tée dung dye véi dung dich AgNO: trong NH; tao ra két tia la: HCOOCH=CHe, CH,COOCH,C=CH HCOOCH=CHz + 2AgNOs + 3NHs + HzO ~ CHz=CHOCOONH, + 2Ag! + 2NH«NO3 CH,COOCH,C=CH + AgNO; + NH3 > CH,COOCH,C=CAgt-+ NH.NO: = Dap nD Cau 10: Ung voi cong thite C2H,0, (M < 62) cé bao nhiéu hop chat la este bén, mach hé cé phan ting trang bac? AA. B.1. €.2. D3. Hwéng dan giai Este tham gia phan ting trang bac c6 dang: HCOOR > Mycno = 45 + My < 62> My <17 > R18 CHs- > C6 1 cng thive théa man diéu kién: HCOOCH > Dap 4n B BAI TAP TU’ LUYEN Cau 1: Chat nao sau day tgo két ta khi cho tac dyng vi dung djch AgNOs trong NHs du, dun néng? A.vinyl axetat. B.Val-val. C. polietilen. D. glucozo. Cau 2: Chat nao sau day khdng cé phan ting voi AgNO3/NHs? A. CxzHe2011 (mantozo). B.CHsCOOCHs. C.CH,COOCH,C=CH. D. CeHi20¢ (fructozo). Céu 3; Chat c6 phan tig trang bac 14 A. protein. B. metyl format. C.saccarozo, D. tinh bat. Cau 4: Chat khong tham gia phan mg trang bac la A.mantozo. B, benzyl fomat. C.fructozo D. saccarozo 142 LE DANG KHUONG - NGUYEN XUAN TRUONGCHUONG 5: TONG HOP HOU CO” Cau 5: Chit ndo sau day cé phan ting tréng bac? A. Protein. B,CHsCOOCH:CcHs. —C, HCOOC(CHs)}s D. CH3COOCHs. Cau 6: Cho day cdc chat: andehit axetic, axetilen, glucozo, axit axetic, metyl axetat. SO chat trong day cé kha nang tham gia phan teng trang bac 1a AL. B.2 G5. D.4. Cau 7: Day gdm cac dung dich déu tham gia phan (rng trang bac 1a A. andehit axetic, fructozo, mantozo. B. fructozo, saccarozo, tinh b6t, polietilen, C.glucozo, glixerol, tinh bot. D. glucozo, fructoze, xenluloze, saccarozo. Cau 8: Fructozo va etyl fomat déu ‘A. phan teng véi dung dich brom. B. c6 phan tng trang bac, C.hda tan Cu(OH)2 tao phtte mau xanh, D. c6 nhém CH=0 trong phan ti. Cau 9: Cho day cac chat sau: xenlulozo, vinyl fomat, andehit fomic, glucozo, alanin, anilin. S6 chit tham gia phan tng twang bac la Ad. B.2, C3. D4. Cau 10: Day gdm cdc chat kh6ng phan (ng dugc véi dung dich AgNOs trong NHs Ia A. HCOOH, CHaNHs, HzNCH2COOH. B, CH=C—COOCH,, CHsCOOCH=CHz, fructoze. €.glucozo, CHaCH(NHz)COOH, Gly-Ala. D. protein, tinh bt, CHsNHCHs. DAP AN i 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 D B B D c B A B Cc D HUGNG DAN GIAL cau: Chat tao két tiia khi tac dung véi dung dich AgNOs trong NHs dw 1a glucozo > bap an D Cau 2: Chat khéng c6 phan ting voi AgNO3/NHs 14 CHsCOOCHS vi kh6ng cé nhom chive CHO trong phan tir valién kétbadiumach —» Dap an B cau 3: Chat c6 phan trng trang bac 1a metyl fomat (HCOOCHs) vi c6 nhém chttc CHO trong phan tir > Dap anB Cau 4: Trong phan tir hyp chat c6 nhém chéte CHO ¢6 phan ing trang bac ¥ Mantozo'trong dung dich chuyén thinh dang mach hé c6 nbém chitc -CHO ¥ Benzyl fomat (HCOOGsHs) c6 nhém chite ~CHO LE DANG KHUONG - NGUYEN XUAN TRUONG 143CHUONG 5: TONG HOP HOU CO” Y Fructozo (CsHi20¢) khong cé nhém chife -CHO nhung trong moi trudng ki&m c6 sw chuyén héa: Fructozo <2 Glucozo Glucozo: CH2OH[CHOH],CHO = c6 nhém chite ~CHO Y Saccarozo CiaHz2011 khong cé nhém chite ~CHO > khong tham gia phan tng trang bac > Dap an D caus: bi’u kign dé cdc chat tham gia phan tng trdng bac: trong phan tir chia nhém chite ~ CHO (andehit, axit fomic hoc musi cia axit fomic hoac este cia axit fomic). ~ Chit tham gia phan tng trang bacla HCOOC(CHs)s > Dap an Cau 6: Cong thite cu tgo cita cdc chat Andehit axetic: CHsCHO Axit axetic: CHsCOOH Axetilen: CH=CH Metyl axetat: CHsCOOCHs Glucoza: CH,OH[CHOH}.CHO ~ Cac chat 6 kha nang tham gia phan dng trang bac la andehit axetic, glucozo vi 6 nhém chite andehit (CHO) trong phan ti. = Dap an B cau 7: Chat cé nhém chite CHO trong phan tir thi tham gia phan itng trang bac Céng thie cu tao ciia cdc chit: Mantozo: C1zHz20n1 (trong dung dich Ikhi mé vong co nhém CHO) Saccarozo: (CizHz20:1) (kh6ng cé nhém CHO) ‘Tinh bét, xenlulozo: (CsH100s), (khéng cé nhém CHO) Polietilen: €CH, —CH, +, Glixerol: C3Hs(OH)3 Andehit axetic: CH3CHO Fructozo: CH,OHICHOH]sECH,0H oO Glucozo: CH2OH[CHOH],CHO — Cac chat tham gia phan tg trang bac la: mantozo,, andehit axetic, glucozo, fructoza Fructoze khéng cé nhém ché¢c CHO trong phan tir nhung trong moi trirong bazo 05 sw chuyén héa tgo thanh glucozo: Fructozy ==> Glucozo = Dap an Cau 8: Fructozo: Etyl fomat: HCOOC2Hs CH,OH[CHOH],CCH,OH oO A sai vi fructozo khOng phan tng v61 dung dich brom. 144 LE BANG KHUONG - NGUYEN XUAN TRUONGCHUONG 5: TONG HOP HOU CO B diing vi: fructozo va etyl fomat déu c6 thé tham gia phan (ng trang bac. Fructozo khéng cé nhém ~CHO nhung trong méi trudng kiém fructozo va glucoze cé sw chuyén héa lin nhau nén fructozo cling c6 phan tng trang bac. C sai vi: etyl fomat phan img v6i Cu(OH)2 tao két tia dd gach. Dsaivi Fructozo 6 nhém xeton trong phan tit. Etyl fomat c6 nhém andehit (~CH=0) trong phan tir > Dap anB Cau 9: Xenlulozo: (CeHi00s)a Vinyl fomat; HCOOCH=CH. Andehit fomic: HCHO Glucoze: CeH:205 Alanin: CHsCH(NH2)COOH Anilin: CeHtsNH2 ~ Chat o6 phan ting trang bac 1a: vinyl fomat, andehit fomic, glucozo do 6 nhém CHO trong phan tir = Dap an cau 10: Asal vi HCOOH phan tng duge v6i dung dich AgNOs/NHs: HCOOH + 2AgNOs + HO + 4NHs -> (NHz)2COs + 24g J + 2NHsNOs B sai vi fructozo phan ting dwge voi dung dich AgNOs/NHs: Cai vi glucozo phan ing duge voi dung dich AgNOs/NHs: D diing vi protein, tinh b6t, CHsNHCH; du khdng phan tg duge voi dung dich ‘AgNOs/NH3 + Dap AnD Em lam bai kiém tra dwéi day dé cing cé kién thite nhé DEKIEM TRA Cau 1: Chat khong cé phan (ig trang bac la A. metyl fomat. B. glucozo. C. fructozo. D. glyxin. Cau 2: Chat nao duéi dy khi cho vao dung dich AgNOs trong NHs du, dun néng xay ra pin tng trang bac? ALPYC. B. fructozo. C. saccarozo. Dz lysin. Cau 3: Chat nao sau day tac dung dirgc véi bac nitrat trong dung dich amoniac? A. Triolein. B. Tristearin, C.But-2-in. D. Phenyl fomat. Cau 4: Chat c6 phan tng trang bacla A.etylamin. B. tripanmitin. C. Gly-Ala-Val. D. fructozo. Cau 5: Day nao sau day gdm cdc chat khi tac dung voi dung dich AgNO3/NHs dur d&u tao két tia? A, Mantozo, glucozo, xenlulozo, B, Glucozo, metyl fomat, saccarozo. C. Glucozo, mety! fomat, tinh bot. D. Glucozo, metyl fomat, mantoze. Cau 6: Trong cac chit: saccarozo, anilin, glyxin, etyl fornat va fructozo, $6 chat phan tng duc véi dung dich AgNOs/NHs tao két tia la A. 2. B.3. C4, DS. LE DANG KHUONG - NGUYEN XUAN TRUONG 145CHUONG 5: TONG HOP HO'U co” Cau 7: Cho day cdc chat: protein, alanylglyxin, mantoze, glucoze. $6 chat trong day tham gia duege phan img trang bac la AB. B.2, cs. D.4. Cau 8: Cho day céc chat: glucozo, xenlulozo, saccaroze, tinh b6t. $6: chat trong day tham gia phan Ging trang bac la A.3. B. G1 D.S. Cau 9: Cho day cic chat sau: HCOOCHs; CHsCOOCH=CHz; HCOOC(CHs)=CHz; CH,COOCH=CHCHs, $6 chat trong day khi thuy phan trong dung dich NaOH sinh ra san pham cé kha nang tham gia phn ing trang bacla Ad. B.2. C3. D4, Cau 10: $6 ding phan ciia hgp chat este X don chite c6 céng thitc phan tit CsH41002 tac dung voi dung dich AgNOs/NH sinh ra Aga Aa, B.2. cL D.3, DAP AN 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 io D B p | D p | A B Cc D A HUONG DAN GIAL Cau 1: Dieu kién dé céc chat tham gia phan tong trdng bg: trong phan te chtra nhom chite ~ CHO (andehit; axit fomic ho&c mudi ciia axit fomic hoac este cia axit fomic). Chat khdng 6 phan ting trang bac 1a glyxin (HzNCH2COOH) + Dip nD Cau 2: ‘Trong céc chat trén chi c6 fructozo tham gia phan tg trang bac Dap anB cau 3: Chat c6 phan ting duoc voi bac nitrat trong dung djch amoniac 1a phenyl fomat (HCOOH) > BapanD cau 4: Chat cé phan ng trang bacla fructozo > Dap dn D Cau 5: Day cdc chat téc dung duoc véi dung dich AgNOs/NHs dur déu tao két tia la: glucozo, metyl fomat, fructozo, mantozo. Ch ¥: trong dung dich mantozo mé vong tao nhém -CHO ~ Dap nD Cau 6: Saccarozo: CyzHz2011 (trong dung dich dang vong, khong cé nhhém CHO) Anilin: CHsNH2 Glyxin: H2NCH2COOH 146 LE DANG KHUONG - NGUYEN XUAN TRUONGCHUONG 5: TONG HOP HOU CO Etyl fomat: HCOOC2Hs Fructozo: CH,OH[CHOH)sCCH,0H ~ C6 2 chat phan tmg duc voi dung dich AgNO3/NHs tao két tia 18 etyl fomat va fructozo > Dap an A Cau: C62 chat tham gia phan ting trang hac: glucozo, mantoza. > Dap an B Cau 8: ‘Trong céc chat trén chi cé glucozo tham gia phan tg trang bac > Dap an € Cau 9: Phan ting thuy phan iia cdc chat HCOOCH; + NaOH > HCOONa + CHOH CHsCOOCH=CHz + NaOH > CHsCOONa + CHsCHO HCOOC(CHs)=CHz + NaOH > HCOONa + CHsCOCHs CHsCOOCH=CHCH; + NaOH + CHsCOONa + CHsCH2CHO Céc san phim sinh ra cé phan ing trang bac la: HCOONa; CHsCHO; CHsCHeCHO — S6 chat trong day khi thuy phan trong dung dich NaOH sinh ra san pham cé kha nang tham gia phan ting tréng bac 4. “Dap anD Cau 10: CsHie02 k= 253-10 =1- este no, don chic, mach hé. X + AgNOs/NHs > Ag! — X la este cia axit fomie — Este X cé dang HCOOR: > C64 dng phan: HCOOCH,CH,CH,CH, HCOOCH(CH,)CH,CH, HCOOCH,CH(CH,), HCOOC(CH,), + Dap anA LE BANG KHUONG - NGUYEN XUAN TRUONG, 147CHUONG 5: TONG HOP HOU CO DANG 2: Phan tng voi Cu(OH)2/NaOH > Nhiét a6 thudng ‘Axit: RCOOH > (RCOO).Cu (xanh nhat), Ancol da chic ¢6 2 nhém OH lién ké (etylen glicol, glixerol) > xanh lam, Cacbohidrat (glucozo, fructozo, saccaroze, mantozo) -> xanh lam, Chit y: Tinh b6t, xenlulozo khéng phan img voi Cu(OH). Peptit (trir dipeptit), protein > mau tim (phan tng biure). 6 cao Axit (RCOOH) > xanh mhat (R la géc hidrocacbon). Chay: HCOOH + 2Cu(OH)2 + 2NaOH —Y> NazCO; + Cuz0l +4120 Hop chat c6 2 nhém OH lién Ke Etylen glicol, glixerol, saccaroz ~ xanh lam. Andehit (RCH=0), cacbohidrat (glucozo, fructoza, mantozo) + kéttiia dé gach Cu20. BAI TAP MAU = Coban Cau 4; Chat hong phan tg duge voi Cu(OH)2 6 nhigt dé thudng la A.glucozo. B, saccarozo, C.longtrangtréng. —_D, metylamin. Huéng dan giai Long tring triing c6 phan img mau voi Cu(OH)z tao phite mau tim. — Chat khéng phan img dugc voi Cu(OH)2 & nhiét 46 thudng la metylamin, ~ Dap an D (Cau 2: Chat khong phan ing duge véi Cu(OH)2/NaOH 12 A.metylamin, B. fructozo. C.fornandehit. D. glixerol. Hwéng din giai Céng thirc cfu tao cia cdc chat: Metyl amin: CHaNH2 Fomandehit: HCHO Fructoza: Glixerol: CsHs(OH)s CH,OH[CHOH],CCHZOR Oo Chat phan img dugc véi Cu(OH)./NaOH la axit hode ¢6 nhém chite CHO hog nhiéu nhém OH lién ké trong phan ti. ~ Chat kthng phan img duge voi Cu(OH)2/NaOH la metylamin — Dap dn A Cau 3; Day cac chat nao duéi day du phan ting duge v6i Cu(OH), 6 digu kign thudng? A. saccarozo, glixerol va etylamin, B. Glucozo, glixerol va saccarozo. €.Glucozo, glixerol va anilin. D. Glixerol, glucoze’va etylamin, 148 LE DANG KHUONG - NGUYEN XUAN TRUGNGCHUONG 5: TONG HOP HUU CO Huéng din Trong phan tir glucozo, glixerol va saccarozo déu cé nhigu nhém OH dting lién nhau nén déu phan ting duge v6i Cu(OH). & diéu kign thudng. = Dap an B Cu 4: Glucozo, saccaroze déu cé kha ndng tham gia phan ting A.hod tan Cu(OH)2, B. tring ngung, C. tréng bac. D. nwéc brom, Hwéng dan giai A ting vi: glucoze’, saccaroze déu phan ting voi Cu(OH}2 B sai vi: glucozo va saccaroze déu khong tham gia phan dmg tring ngung C sai vi: chi ¢6 glucozo tham gia phan img trang bac D sai vi: chi ¢6 glucozo phan ting véi nuée brom =pipana C4u 5: Chat phan ing duvge voi Cu(OH)2 6 diéu kign thuéng A. dimetylamin. B, metyl axetat. C.Gly-Gly, D. protein. Hw6ng dan gi Chat phan img duge v6i Cu(OH)2 6 diéu kién thwdng la protein tao phite mau tim > ap 4nD * Van dung Cau 6: Cho cde chit: saccarozo, glucoze, fructozo, etyl fomat. Trong céc chat trén, sé chat vira c6 phan ting trang bac, vira phan ting duge v6i Cu(OH)2 & diéu kign thuéng la AB. Bol. cA D.2. Huéng dan gidi Cac chat vita e6 phan tg tréng bac, vita phan ting duoc voi Cu(OH): &didu kién thurdng la glucozo, fructozo. > Dap énD CAu 7: Cho cdc chat: ancol etylic, glixeral, glucozo, dimetyl ete va axit formic. $6 chat tac dung duoc v6i Cu(OH), 6 diéu Kién thu’ng la Ad B.3. G4. D.2. Hung dan gi C63 chat tac dung voi Cu(OH)e: glixerol, glucoze, axit fomic 2CakieOa + Cu(OH)2 > (CaH703)zCu + 2H20 2CsH120s + Cu(OH)2—> (CeHis05)2Cu + 2420 2HCOOH + Cu(OH)2— (HCO0).Cu + 2H20 ~ Dap anB Cau 8: Dé ching minh trong phan ti ciia glucozo’ c6 nhidu nhém hidroxyl 6 vi tri idm ke, nguii ta cho dung dich glucozo phan (rng véi A. Cu(OH)z trong NaOH, dun néng, B. AgNOs (hodc Agr0) trong dung dich NH, dun néng, C.Cu(OH), & nhigt a6 thudng. D. kim loai Na. Huéng dan giat A,B sai vi: Chitng minh cé nhém CHO LB DANG KHUONG - NGUYEN XUAN TRUONG 149CHYONG 5; TONG HOP HOU CO” CH,OH[CHOH], CHO + 2Cu(OH), +Na0H > CH,OH[CHOH], COONa +Cu,04 +3H,0 CH,OH[CHOH], CHO+2AgNO, +3NH, +H,0—* > CH,OH[CHOH], COONH, +2Ag++2NH,NO, C dung vi: 2C,H,,0, + Cu(OH), —S> (C,H,,0,),Cu + 2H,0 Phitc mau xanh > Glucozo’ c6 nhiéu nhém hidroxyl & vj tri liga KE D sai vi: Chitng mink cé nhém OH CH,OH[CHOH], CHO +5Na —"> CH,ONa[CHONa], CHO + 3 H,T ~ Dap an Cau 9: Trong méi trong kiém, loat hp chat ndo sau day téc dung véi Cu(OH)z cho hop chat mau tim Avamin, B, Amino axit. este. D. protein. Huong dan giai ‘Trong méi trudng kiém, cdc protein cé thé tic dung véi Cu(OH)z cho hop chat mau tim (SGK 12 coban-trangS1,53) + DapanD Cau 10: Cho day gém cdc dung dich: etyl propionat, glucozo, glyxylglyxylalanin. S6 dung dich tac dung duge véi Cu(OH)2/NaOH 6 diéu kign thuéng 1 Ad B.3. 2 D1. Hw6ng dan giai Cac peptit (c6 tir 3 g6c amino axit tré 1én), protein va hgp chat c6 nhigu nhém OH len k& sé c6 phan trng mau véi Cu(OH): & digu kién thuong, > Cé 2 chat phan tng duoc voi Cu(OH): & diéu kién thudng 1a: glucoze, elyxylglyxylalanin, CHO, + Cu(OH}, —> (C.H,,0,},Cu + 2H,0 Gly-Gly-Ala + Cu(OH)2— phite mau tim ~ Dap anc BAI TAP TU’ LUYEN (Cau 1: Chat kh6ng phan tng voi Cu(OH)2/NaOH 1a A. metyl fomat. B.glucozo. C.xenlulozo, D. glixerol. Cau 2: Glucozo’vaetylen glicol phan (ing v6i CufOH), 6 diéu kign thug du cho hop chat mau A.d8 gach. B.xanh. C.tim. D. trang. Cau 3: Chat nao sau day bhi tic dung véi Cu(OH)z/NaOH dun néng cho két tia 46 gach? A.Andehit fomic. B.Btyl axetat. C.Trilinolein, D. Alanin. Cau 4: Hign twong xAy ra khi cho HCOOCH,CH,CH; tac dung v6i Cu(OH)2/NaOH dun néng la A.xudt hién két ula mau xanh. B. xudt hign phéte chat mau xanh dam. C.xuat hién két tia mau dé gach. D. khong c6 hién tuyng gi xy ra. 150 LE DANG KHUONG - NGUYEN XUAN TRUONGCHUONG 5: TONG HOP HO'U CO” Cau 5: Cho day gom céc dung dich: etylen glicol, glucozo, phenyl fomat, saccarozo, glyxin. 86 dung dich tac dung duoc v6i Cu(OH):/NaOH 1A AA, B.3. C2. DS. Cau 6: Cho day cdc chit: glucozo, fructoza, saccarozo,, tinh bét, Val-Val, metyl axetat. $6 chat trong day tham gia phan tng voi Cu(OH)> 18 AA, B.3, C2. D.5. CAu 7: Cho céc chit: saccarozo, glucozo, fructozo, ety! fomat, axit fomic, andehit axetic, slixerol. Trong cc chat trén, s® chit c6 kha nang phan img voi Cu(OH):/NaOH khi dun néng tao két tia dé gach la A383. B.5. C4 D2. Gau 8: Cho day cAc chét: valin, propylamin, etylmetylamin, triolein, glucoz, mantozo, xenlulozo, axit axetic, $6 chat trong day khong phan émg durge voi Cu(OH)2 & digu kign thuongh ° AG. B.2. C4. D.5. Cau 9: Cho cdc cht: trilinolein, glucozo, dimetylamin va alanin. S6 chat tac dung duoc véi Cu(OH)21a AL B.3, c4, D.2. Cau 10: Chat khong phan ting v6i Cu(OH)2 1a A. glucozo. B. fructozo. ©. saccarozo. D. anilin. DAP AN 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 c B A c D B B c D D HUONG DAN GIAT Cau 1: Chat khéng phan tng voi Cu(OH)z 1a xenlulozo vi khOng c6é nhém CHO va nhigu nhém OH lién 8 trong phan tt > Dap nC cau 2: Glucoze va etylen glicol phan (mg v6i Cu(OH): & diéu kign thudng déu cho hop cht phife mau xanh lam. 2C,H,,0, + Ca(OH), —> (C,H,,0,),Cu + 2H,0 2CaHe(OH)2 + Cu(OH)z > [CoHsOz]2Cu + 2H20 > Dap 4nB cau 3: Ac phuong trinh héa hoc ela phan ting xdy raz HCHO + 2Cu(OH)2 + NaOH —“-> HCOONa+ Cu,01 + 3H20 CHsCOOC:Hs + NaOH —*> CH:COONa + C:Hs0H (Ci7Hs1C00)sCsHs + 3NaQH —“> 3CyyHs,COONa + CsHs(OH)s CHsCH(NH2)COOH + NaOH > CHsCH(NH2)COONa + H20 LE DANG KHUONG - NGUYEN XUAN TRUONG 151CHUONG 5: TONG HOP Hou co > Chat khi tac dung voi Cu(OH}:/NaOH dun néng cho két tia 46 gach 1a andehit fomic (HCHO) > Dap anA Cau 4: . Khi cho HCOOCH2CH:CHs tac dung véi Cu(OH)2 dun néng: HCOOCHCH2CHs + 2Cu(OH)2 + NaOH —"->CHsCHzCH20COONa + Cuz0 1 +3H:0 Bé gach — Hign tuong: Xudt hién két ta dd gach ~ bap anc Cau s: C6 5 chat phan tng dugc v6i Cu(OH)2/NaOH: etylen glicol, glucoze, phenyl fomat, saccarozo, glyxin 2CaHla(OH)2 + Cu(OH)2— [ColfsOz]2Cu + 2H20 20,H,,0, + Cu(OH), —> (C,HH,,0,},Cu + 2H,0 HCOOCéHs + 2Cu(OH), + NaOH —"> CetlsOCOONa + CuO + 3H20 2C,2H20,, + Cu(OH), —> (C,,H,,0,,},Cu + 2H,0 2HaNCH:COOH + Cu(OH)z > (HeNCH2COO)2Cu + 2H20 > Dap nD Cau 6: Chat tham gia phan tng voi Cu(OH)2 la: glucozo, fructozo, saccarozo 2C,H1,,0¢ + Cu(OH), —> (C,H,,0,},Cu + 21,0 2CgH,,0,, + Cu(OH), —> (CyH,0,,),Cu + 2H,0 = Dap 4nB Cau 7: Chat c6 nh6m chtrc andehit (CHO) thi c6 kha nang phan tg voi Cu(OH)2/NaOH Khi dun néng tao két tia 46 gach > C65 chat tha man: glucozo, fructozo, ety! fomat, axit fomic va andehit axetic ~ Dap anB Cau 8: Cac phan tmg héa hoc xay raz © Glucozo: 2C,H,,0, + Cu(OH), —~> (C,H,,0,):Cu + 2H,0 © Mantozo: 2C,,H,.0,, + Cu(OH), —> (C,H,,0,,),Cu + 2H,0 © Axitaxetic: 2CH,COOH + Cu(OH)2 > (CHsCOO)2Cu + 24:0 «© Valin: 2CHaCH(CHs)CH(NHz)COOH + Cu(OH)2—> [CHsCH(CHs)CH(NH2)COO]2Cu + 2420 ~ C64 chat khOng phan ting duge voi Cu(OH)2 6 diéu kign thong 1a propylamin, etylmetylamin, triolein, xenlulozo. > Dap an Cac chat téc dung v6i Cu(OHi)x: glucozo, alanin 2Cekin2Oe + Cu(OH)2 > (CeHi104)2Cu + 2H20 152 Lé DANG KHUONG - NGUYEN XUAN TRUONG:CHUONG 5: TONG HOP HOU CO 2CHsCH(NH2)COOH + Cu(OH): > [CHsCH(NH:)COO},Cu + 2H.0 Trilinolein: (C:7Ha,COO)3C3Hs va dimetylamin: (CHs),NH khéng phan tng durge vs Cu(OH)2 vi khéng c6 nhém chéte andehit (CHO), axit (COOH), nhiéu nhom OH ign ieé trong phan tir > Dap nD Cau 10; Glucozo: CH,0H[CHOH],CHO Fructozo: CH,OH[CHOH]3CCH,0H 0 Saccaroz0: Ci2H22011 Anilin: CeHsNH2 ~ Chat khong phan tg duge voi Cu(OH)2 18 anilin > papanD Em lam bai kiém tra dw6i day dé cing c6 kién thie nhé BE KIEM TRA Cau 1: Chat phan émg dugc véi Cu(OH), tao ra dung djch mau xanh lam 1& A. phenyl axetat. B.etylaxetat. CPE. D. glixerol. Cau 2; Chat phan ting durgc voi Cu(OH)2 6 diéu kign thutng cho phttc mau tim la A.longtréngtréng. —B, Ala-Ala. C.n-propylfomat. —_Daxit glutamic. Cau 3: Chat phan tng duge véi Cu(OH)2/NaOH & diéu kién thudng cho phite mau tim 1a A. glucozo. B.Ala-Ala-Gly. C.xenlulozo. D. glixerol. Cau 4: Chat nao sau day khi téc dung véi Cu(OH)2/NaOH dun nong thu duoc phéte mau xanh lam? A, Propylamin, B. Sacearozo. C. Vinyl fomat. D. Protein. Cau 5: Cac chat tac dung véi Cu(OH)> trong méi trudng kim khi dun néng tao ra két tla dd gach la A.glucozo, glixerol. B. tinh bt, meyl axetat. C.glucoza, fructozo. D. glixerol, tinh bt. Cau 6: Cho day cac chat: glucoz0, saccarozo, ling trang tring, Gly-Gly-Ala. $6 dung dich ¢6 thé phan ting voi Cu(OH)2 6 nhiét 46 thurong tao thanh dung djch c6 mau xanh lam la Ad B.2. C3. D4. Cau 7: Cho day cic dung dich: glucoza, saccarozo, triolein, mantozo. S6 dung dich trong day phan tmg duoc voi Cu(OH), & nhiét d6 thuéng tao thinh dung dich cé mau xanh lam [a AL2. B.A. Gi D.3, Cau 8: Cac dung dich phan ting dvgc v6i Cu(OH), 6 nhiét d6 thong a A. glixerol, axit axetic, glucozo, B.andehit axetic, saccaroze, metyl axetat. Cling tréng trémng, fructozo, axeton. D. fructozo, axit acrylic, ancol etylic. Cau 9: Cho cdc chat: saccarozo, glucozo, fructozo, etyl fomat, axit fomic va andehit axetic. Trong cdc chat trén, s6 chat vira c6 kha nang tham gia phn tmg trang bac vira c6 kha nang phan tng v6i Cu(OH)2 & digu kign theong la A3, B.S. C4. D.2. LE DANG KHUONG - NGUYEN XUAN TRUONG 153CHUONG 5: TONG HOP HU'U CO Cau 10: Nhém cac chat déu tham gia phan tg trang bac va phan tg khir Cu(OH)2 thanh Cu20 1a A. glucozo va metylamin. B. axit fomic, glucozo. C.metyl fomat, glyxylalanin, D. glyxylalanin, metylamin. BAP AN 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 D A B B c B D A A B HUONG DAN GIAL Cau 1: Chat phan ting duge voi Cu(OH)2 tao ra dung dich mau xanh lam phai e6 it nhdt hai nhém chite -OH ding lin ké nhau, Trong cdc chat trén chi c6 glixerol (CsHs(OH)s) théa man 2CaHis(OH)s + Cu(OH)2 > [CaHs(OH).0]2Cu + 2H20 ~ Dap an D cau 2: Long trdng trémg (protein) cé phan tng mau v6i Cu(OH)2 cho phe mau tim = Pap dn A cau 3: Ala-Ala-ly (tripeptit) c6 phan ting mau véi CufOH)2 cho phire mau tim > Dap 4nB Cau 4: Asai vi propylamin kh6ng phan tng véi Cu(OH)2 B ding vi: 2C HzO, + Ca(OH), ——> (C.2H,,0,,},Cu + 2H,0 xanh dam C sai vi: vinyl fomat (HCOOCH=CH;) cé nhém chitc andehit (CHO) trong phan tir nén phan ting voi Cu(OH}z/NaOH dun néng tao két tita dé gach Dsai vi: protein tao phic mau tim v6i Cu(OH)2 > Dap an B cau 5: C6 2 chat tac dung voi Cu(OH); trong méi trdg kim khi dun néng tao ra két ta dé gach la glucozo, fructozo vi cé nhém chtrc CHO Fructozr <= Glucozo CH,OH[CHOH], CHO + 2Cu(OH), +NaOH > CH,OH[CHOH], COONa +Cu,01 +3H,0 > Dap anc Cau 6: C6 2 chat c6 thé phan ting v6i Cu(OH)2 & mhiét 46 thurdng tgo thanh dung dich cb mau xanh lam la: glucozo, saccarozo 154 LE DANG KHUONG - NGUYEN XUAN TRUONGCHUONG 5: TONG HOP HUU CO 2C,H,,0, + CufOH), —> (C,H,,0,),Cu + 2H,0 2C,,H,,0,, + Cu(OH}, —> (C,,H,,0,,),Cu + 2H,0 Chi ¥: Long trang trig cé phan tng mau véi Cu(OH)2 cho phirc mau tim ~ Dap 4nB Cau 7: Dung dich trong day phan (mg duc v6i Cu(OH), & nhiét 46 thuéng tgo thanh dung dich cé mau xanh lam 1& hop chit cé it nhat 2 nhém OH déeng lién nhau. ‘Trong céc hop chat trén c6 glucozo, saccarozo, mantozo’ 06 nhiéu nhém OH ding Wn nhau > C63 chit tac dung véi Cu(OH), & nhiét a9 thurdng tao thanh dung dich c6 mau xanh lam 2C,H,,0, + Cu{OH), —> (C,H,,0,),Cu + 2H,0 glucozo xanh lam 2CgH20y + Cul(OH), —> (CH,0,,),Cu + 2H,0 Saccarozo va mantozo xanh lam > Dap anD caus: Cac dung dich phan ting duoc voi Cu(OH)2 6 nhigt d§ thurdng [a glixerol, axit axetic, glucoze 2CsHs(OH)s + Cu(OH)2>[CsHs(OH)20]2Cu +2120 2CHCOOH + Cu(OH)2— (CHsCO0)2Cu + 2H20 2CsHi206 + Cu(OH)2 > (CoHi10s)2Cu + 2H20 >A ding B sai vi metyl axetat khéng phan ting dug v6i Cu(OH)2 6 nhiét 46 thudng. C sai vi axeton khong phan ting dugc voi Cu(OH)2 6 nhiét a9 thuong, D sai vi ancol etylic khéng phan ting duc véi Cu(Ol1)2 6 nhiét a thong, > Dap an cau 9: Saccarozo: CszH22011 Glucozo: CH:OH[CHOH].CHO Fructozo: CH,OH[CHOH],CCH2OH oO Axit fomic: HCOOH Etyl fomat: HCOOC:Hs Andehit axetic: CHsCHO ~ Cac chat vira c6 kha ning tham gia phn tng trang bac, vira c6 kha nang phan ng voi Cu(OH)z 6 diBu kign thudng la glucozo,, fructoze, axit fomic. > Dap anA LE DANG KHUONG - NGUYEN XUAN TRUONG 155CHUONG 5: TONG HOP HOU CO cau 10: 156 Chat c6 nhém chite andehit (CHO) viva tham gia phan img trng bac va vira tham gia phan ing khir Cu(OH)z thanh CuzO Cong thiéc cfu tao thu gon cita ce chat a: Glucozo: CH,0H[CHOH},CHO Metylamin: CHsNHz Axit fomic: HCOOH Metyl fomat: HCOOCHs Glyxylalanin: HzNCH:CO-NHCH(CHs)COOH — Céc chat viva tham gia phan img tréng bac va vita tham gia phan dng khir Cu(OH): thanh CuO 1a axit fomic, glucoza, metyl fomat * = Glucozo: CH,OH[CHOH], CHO + 2Cu(OH), +NaOH —-> CH,OH[CHOH], COONa+Cu,01+3H,0 CH,OH[CHOH],CHO + 2AgNO, + 3NH, + H,0 > CH,OH[CHOH], COONH, + 2AgL + 2NH,NO, © Axit fomic: HCOOH + 2Cu(OH)2 + 2NaQH —*> NazCOs + Cu,0 1 + 4420 HCOOH + 2AgNOs + 4NHs + HzO ~> 2NH,NOs+ (NH,)2CO3 + 2Agl © Metyl fomat: HCOOCHs + 2Cu(OH): + NaQH —“> CHs0COONa + Cu204 + 3H20 HCOOCHs + 2AgNOs + 3NHs + H20 > 2NH«NO3 + CHsOCOONH, + 2Ag! ~ Dap 4nB LE DANG KHUONG - NGUYEN XUAN TRUONGCHUONG 5: TONG HOP HOU Co” DANG 3: Tac dung voi dung dich Br, Hz. Nhan biét Y Tac dung véi dung dich Br2 > Lién két bdi (C=C, C=C) > Chat c6 nhém chic CHO: + glucozo, mantozo ‘+ HCOOR (RIa géc hidrocacbon) NH oH > Anilin oO ; phenol > két tia trang ¥ Tac dung voi He > Lién két béi (C=C, C=C) > Glucozo, fructozo BALTAP MAU = Coban Cau 1: Chat phan ting véi dung djch brom cho két tia tring la B. metylamin, C.glucozo, D. anilin, Huéng dan giai Chat phan tng v6i dung dich brom cho két tia tréng fa anilin NH, NH, Br. Br O + 38m, —~ | * 3HBr jr 2,4,6-tribromani > Dap nD Cu 2: Cho day cdc chit: HCOOCHs; CHaCOOH; CH2=CH-CH20H; CHsCOOCH=CH; glucozo. $6 chat trong day lim mat mau nude brom la A2 B.S. G4 D3. Hw6ng dan giai C6 4 chat lam mat mau nuéc brom la: HCOOCHs; CH2=CH-CH0H; CHsCOOCH=CHs; glucozo + HCOOCHs + Bre+H20 > CH,OCOOH + 2HBr © CH.=CH-CH.OH + Br: > CH2Br-CHBrCH.OH © CHaCOOCH=CHe + Bre > CHsCOOCHBrCH:Br * CH,OH[CHOH]:CHO + Bro + H20 > CH2OH[CHOH].COOH + 2HBr ~ Dap an € Cau 3: Trong cdc chat: fructozo, metyl acrylat, vinyl axetat, dimetylamin, $6 chat 06 kha nang lam mat mau née brom la A2, B.A. 3. D1. Huéng din giai LE BANG KHUONG - NGUYEN XUAN TRUONG 157CHUONG 5: TONG HOP HOU Co’ C6 2 chat lam mét mau nuéc brom la metyl acrylat, vinyl axetat © CH3COOCH=CHe + Bro + CHaCOOCHBrCH2Br * CHg=CHCOOCH; + Br > CH2BrCHBrCOOCHs > Dap an A Cau 4: Chat khong lim mat mau dung djch brom & diéu kign thong la A. tripanmitin, B. vinyl axetat. C. metyl acrylat. D. etilen. Huwéng dan giai Chat Lam mat mau dung dich brom & didu kign thug la chat c6 lién két di (C=C) trong phan tt hoe cé nhém chite andehit (-CHO) ‘Tripanmitin: (C:sH31CO0)sC3Hs Vinyl axetat: CHsCOOCH=CH2 Metyl acrylat: CH2=CHCOOCHs Btilen: CH2=CHa ~ Chit khong lam mét mau dung dich brom é digu kién thudng la tripanmitin > Dap ana v van dung Cau 5: Chat nao sau day vira phan tng duc véi dung dich AgNOs/NHls, vira phan dng due voi He (xtic tée Ni)? A. saccaroze, B, etyl format, C. protein. D. glucoze. Hwéng din gidi Chat viva phdn ng duge vi dung dich AgNOs/NHs, via phan tng dugc voi He (xtc tée ND) Ia glucozo CH,OH[CHOH], CHO + 2AgNO, + 3NH, +H,0—"-> CH,OH[CHOH], COONH, + 2Ag4 + 2NH,NO, CH2OH[CHOH},CHO + Hz “> CH,OH{[CHOH],CH.OH > Dap anD Cau 6: Chat ndo sau day phn eng duoc v6i dung dich AgNOs/NHs nhung khong phan tng duge voi dung dich brom? ‘A. metyl fomat. B. triolein. C.léng tring tring. _D. fructozo. Hung dan giai A sai vi metyl fomat (HCOOCHs) vira phan ing dug voi dung dich AgNOs/NHs, vira phan tng véi dung dich brom HCOOCHs + 2AgNOs + 3NH3 + H20 —*-> CH;OCOONH, + 2Ag! + 2NHNOs. HCOOCHs + Bro + H20 + CHsOCOOH + 2HBr Bsai vi triolein phan tng dugc v6i dung dich brom (CH,[CH,], CH =CH[CH,],C00), C,H, +Br, —>(CH,[CH, |, HBr —BrCH[CH, ],CO0), C,H, C sai vi long trang tring khong phan ting durgc voi AgNOs/NHs va dung dich brom D dting vi fructozo phan ting duge voi AgNO2/NH2 nhung khdng phan img duoc v6i dung dich brom: Fructoze <2 Glucozo 158 LE DANG KHUONG - NGUYEN XUAN TRUONG:CHUONGS: TONG HOP HU'U CO CH,OH[CHOH], CHO + 2AgNO, + 3NH, +H,0—"> CH,OH[CHOH], COONK, + 24g 1 + 2NH,NO, > Dap anD Cau 7: 0 digu kign thudng amin Xa cht long d& bj oxi héa ki dé ngoai khng kchi. Dung dich X khéng lam d6i mau qu tim nhung tic dung v6i nue brom tao két tia trang, Amin nao sau day théa man tinh chat cia X A.metylamin. B. dimetylamin, C.alanin, D. phenylamin. Hwong dn gidi ChatX khéng lam @6i mau quy tim X la alanin hoic phenylamin (anilin) Nhung X tac dung véi nue brom tao két tia trang — X18 alanin NH, NE Br. Br + 3Bry > | + 3HBr Br 2,4,6-tribromanilin = Dap AnD + Nang cao Cau 8; Hai chat hitu co X: va Xe du c6 khdi luong phan tir bing 60 dvC. X; c6 kha ning, phan ting voi: Na, NaOH, NaxCOs, Xe phan ting véi NaOH (dun néng) nhung khéng phan ‘eng voi Na. Cong thite cfu tgo cia Xi, Xo Han lurgt la A. CHs-COOH, CHs-COO-CHis. B, (CHs).CH-OH, H-COO-CHs. C.H-COO-CHs, CHs-COOH. D. CHs-COOH, H-COO-CHs. Hwéng dan gi X16 kha nang phan (mg v6i: Na, NaOH, NazCOs ~ X: la axit > Loai B,C Xp phan tng voi NaOH (dun néng) nhung khong phan tng Na X2 la este Ma M,, =M,, = 60 > CTPT cilia Xs, Xz 14 CaHsO2 ~ X, X2 [ain lugt ld CHsCOOH, HCOOCHs. 2CH;COOH + 2Na > 2CHsCOONa + Ha T CH,COOH+ NaOH —CH,COONa + H,0 2CH3COOH + NazCOs + 2CHsCOONa + H:0 + COT HCOOCH, + NaQH—*»HCOONa+CH,OH > Bap an D Cau 9: Hop chat hitu co X c6 céng thire phan tir IA CsHeO2, X c6 kha nang tham gia phan img v6i Na, v6i dung dich NaOH va phan img trang bac. San phdm thiiy phan cia X trong méi trurdng kiém cé kha ning hoa tan Cu(OH)2 tao thanh dung dich mau xanh lam. Cong thitc edu tao cita X 6 thé 1a ‘A. CHsCOOCH,CH.OB. B. HCOOCH,CH(OH)CHs. C.HCOOCHCH:CH:0H. D. CHsCH(OH)CH(OH)CHO. LE DANG KHUONG - NGUYEN XUAN TRUONG 159CHUONG 5: TONG HOP HOU CO Hw6ng din giai 2442-8 2 X tham gia phan tig trang bac ~ X 6 nhém chite CHO + Loai A X tham gia phan ‘eng v6i NaOH — Loai D San phim thiy phan cia X trong moi trudng kiém c6 kha ning hoa tan Cu(OH)2 tao thanh dung dich mau xanh lam ~ Céng thirc cu tao ca X la HCOOCHCH(OH)CHs 2HCOOCHCH(OH)CH; + 2Na ~> 2HCOOCH2CH(ONa)CHs + Ha t HCOOCH:CH(OH)CHs + 2AgNO3 + 3NHs + H:O > CHsCH(OH)CH,OCOONH, + 2Ag! kentv= + 2NH«NO3 HCOOCH2CH(OH)CH; + NaOH ~ HCOONa + CH2(OH)CH(OH)CHs CHZOH Hse CH2QH HAC HOH + HOHG + Cu(OH); ——> ¢H20 i + 24,0 Hy HOH,C CHs HOH,C > Dap én B Cau 10: Bang dw6i day ghi lat hién tuong khi lam thi nghiém véi cdc chat sau & dang dung dich nwéc: X, ¥, Z, T va Q. chat x Y Z T Q frhudc thir sun, | Khongasi | khongadi | khongddi | khongasi | khong d6i Quy tim | nau mau mau mau mau Dung dich 5 need ; Nets | RROne 06 khénged | khong oé ABNOD/NEs | Lsetiia Agl kéttia kéttia Agl dun nhe cu(OH)2 | cu(oH}, | dungdjch | dungdich | cuconje | cuCOH)s acnhe | khéngtan | xanhlam | xanhlam | khéngtan | khong tan khénged | khonged | khéngcd | Khong c6 Nuécbrom | kéttia tring | kéttia kéctia | kéttia | ket ita Cac chatX, ¥, Z, T va Qian lagt i: A. Anilin, glucozo, glixerol, andehit fomic, metanol. B. Fructozo, glucozo, axetandehit, etanol, andehit fomic. ©.Glixerol, glucozo, etylen glicol, metanol, axetandehit. D, Phenol, glucozo, glixerol, etanol, andehit fomic. Hwéng dan giai * ¥,Qtéc dung voi AgNOs/Nits tao két tia trang > Y, Qc6 nhém chite CHO hoc fructozo > Loal A 160 LE DANG KHUONG - NGUYEN XUAN TRUONGCHUONG 5: TONG HOP HOU CO” © ¥, Ztée dung Cu(OH)2 cho dung djch mau xanh lam > Y, Zc6 nhigu nh6m OH Hén k—> Loai B «© XtAc dung véi dung dich brom cé két tia trang ~ X la anilin hoc phenol > Loai € © Cho T vao AgNOs/NHs, Cu(OH}2, dung dich brom du khong c6 hién tung Vay dap an D ding: X, ¥, Z, T, Q lan lgt 1a phenol, glucozo, glixerol, etanol, andehit fomic. > Dap an D BAL TAP TY’ LUYEN Cau 4: Chat phan tng durgc véi dung dich brom khi dun néngla A. fructozo. B. glucoze. C.metylamin. D.alanin. Cu 2: Cho glucozo phan éng voi He (xtc t4c Ni, dun néng) thu doc A. fructozo. B. mantoze. C.sobitol. D. saccarozo, Cau 3: Cho cée dung dich: fructozo, fomandehit, anilin, Thuéc thir dé nhan biét cdc dung dich trén I A. Na kim loai. B.Cu(OH)s. C. dung dich AgNO3/NHs. D.nuéc brom. Cau 4: Chat thong phan ting duoc v6i He (wie tae Ni, dun néng) 1a A.etylpropionat, —_B. triolein, C.trilinolein, D. fructozo. Cau 5: Cho day cdc chat sau: metyl acrylat, glucoza, glyxin, lysin, etyl propionat. $é chat trong day phan Ging duge voi Ha (xtic tac Ni) 1a A. B.3. C4, D5. Cau 6: Cho cdc chat sau: axetilen, buta-1,3-dien, isopropyl axetat, anilin, $6 chat Lim mat mau nuéc brom & digu kign thudng la AA B.2. C5. D.3. Cau 7: Cho day cdc chat: glucozo, saccarozo, triolein, tinh bét, vinyl axetat. $6 chat téc dung dugc véi dung dich Bra & diu kién thung la AL2. B.3. CA DS Cu 8: Chi diing Cu(OH). c6 thé phan biét duge tat ca cic dung dich riéng biét sau: A. glucozo, mantoza, glixerol, andehit axetic, B, long trang trimg, glucozo, fructozo, glixerol. C.saccarozo, glixerol, andehit axetic, ancol etylic. D. glucozo, long trang trimg, glixerol, ancol etylic. Cau 9: Cho day cdc chét sau: metyl fomat, fructozo, xenlulozo, anilin, alanin, $6 chat trong day phan ting durge voi dung dich brom la AL B.2, C3. D.4, Cau 10: Cho chat X téc dung véi mét lung vira dit dung dich NaOH, sau 46 c6 can dung dich thu duge chat ran Y va chat hizu co Z. Cho Z tic dung voi AgNOs (hoc Agz0) trong dung dich NH thu duge chit hitu co’ T, Cho chat T tée dung voi dung dich NaOH lai thu duge chat ¥. ChatX c6 thé 1a A. HCOOCH=CHs. B. CHsCOOCH=Cir, C HCOOCHS. D. CH;COOCH=CH-CHs. LE DANG KHUONG - NGUYEN XUAN TRUONG 161CHUONG 5: TONG HOP HUU CO DAP AN 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 B ¢ D A A D B D B B HUONG DAN GIAI Cau 4: Chat phan tng doc voi dung dich brom khi dun nong la glucozo CH:0H[CHOH],CHO + Bre + H20 ~ CH2OH[CHOH],COOH + 2HBr > Dap anB Cau 2: Glucozo phan ting véi Hz (atic thc Ni, dun néng): CHOH[CHOH},CHO + H: “> CH-OH[CHOH],CH.OH Sobitol > Dap anc Cau 3: Thuéc thir dé nhan biét cic dung dich fructozo, fomandehit, anilin 1& nuéc brom © Fructozo: khéng phan ting v6i dung dich brom — khong hién teong * Fomandehit: lam mat mau dung dich brom HCHO + Bre + H,0 > HCOOH + 2HBr © Anilin: xudt ign két ta mau tring Ni NH, Br. Br + 3Br, —> | + 3HBr 7 2,4,6-tribromanilin > Dap 4nD cau 4: Chat khéng phan ing dugc véi Hz (xiic téc Ni, dun néng) 1a etyl propionat (CHsCH:COOCHCHs) vi kh6ng co lién két bi C=C, C=C, nhém chitc andhit va xeton > Dap an A caus: Metyl acrylat: CH2=CHCOOCH Glucozo: CH:0H[CHOH],CHO Glyxin: HzNCH.COOH Lysin: HaN[CH_]4CH(NH2)COOH Etyl propionat: CHsCHzCOOCH:CH3 C6 2 chat trong day phan ting dugc voi Hz (xic téc Ni) Ia metyl acrylat, glucozo Glyxin, lysin, etyl propionat khéng phan tg dugc voi Hz (xc tac Ni) vi khong cb lign két bi C=C,C=C, nhém chite andehit va xeton = Dap an A 162 LE DANG KHUONG - NGUYEN XUAN TRUONGCHUONG 5: TONG HOP HOU CO Cau 6: Cac chat lam mat mau nuéc brom : axetilen, buta-1,3-dien, anilin CH=CH +2Br, —>CHBr, -CHBr, CH, =CH-CH=CH, + 2Br, —> CH,Br-CHBr—CHBr—CH,Br NH, NH Br, Br + 3Bry + | + 3HBr Br 2,4,6-tribromanilin > Dap anD cau 7: Bé téc dung durgc v6i dung dich Br. 6 diéu kién thudng, cée chat can phai cb nhém chite andehit (~CHO) hod chita lig két bi C= C, C=C trong phan tir Saccarozo, tinh bot khong tac dung duoc voi dung dich Bro. ~ Glucozo, triolein, vinyl axetat tac dung duge voi dung dich Bra: HOCH-[CHOH]s-CHO + Bro + H20 > HOCH2-[CHOH].-COOH + 2HBr (CH,[CH,], CH =CHICH,], COO), C,H, +3Br, —(CH,[CH,],CHBr —BrCH{CH, },CO0), CH, CH:COOCH=CHe + Br — CHsCOOCHBr-CHBr ~ $6 chit tac dung duoc véi dung dich Bro la 3, > Dap dn B caus: Chi dling Cu(OH)2 ¢6 thé phan bigt duge tat ca céc dung djch riéng biét: glucozo, ong trang trémg, glixerol, ancol etylic Glucozo | Lingtréngtrimg | Glixero! Ancol etylic culor: Phike xanh Phictin Phite xanh Khong hién tham thdm tuong GufOH)./OH,¢ [148 gach Khong c6 1 2CsHi205 + Cu(OH)2 > (CeHiiOe)2Cu + 2420 2CsHs(OH)s + Cu(OH)e > (CaH702)2Cu + 2H20 CH20H[CHOF],CHO +2Cu(OH),+NaOH > CH,0H[CHOH],COONa +Cu,01 + 3H20 Bé gach > Dap anD Cau 9: C6 2 chat phan tmg duc véi dung dich brom: metyl fomat, anilin HCOOCHS + Bre + 1,0 > CHs0COOH + 2HBr LE DANG KHUONG - NGUYEN XUAN TRUONG 163CHUONG 5: TONG HOP Kou co” NH, NH Br. Br + 3Brp —+ | + 3HBr Br 2,4,6-tribromanilin > Dap anB Cau 10: X1a CHsCOOCH=CH2 vir CHsCOOCH=CH2 + NaOH —*> CHsCOONa + CHsCHO @) @) @ CHsCHO + 2AgNOs + 3NHs + H,0 ~2NH«NOs + CHCOONH; + 2Agl @ m CHsCOONH, + NaOH - CHsCOONa + NHst + H:0 (1) o) > Dap anB £m [am bai kiém tra dui day dé ciing c6 kién thive nhé DE KIEM TRA Cu 1: Chat tao két tia khi phan ting véi dung dich brom 1a A.glyxin, B.alanin. C. phenol, D.etylamin. Cau 2; Chat phan ting duc véi dung dich brom 1a A. anilin, B.alanin . C. glyxin, D. axit axetic. Cau 3: Chon phat biéu ding A. Etyl acrylat lam mat mau dung dich brom. B, Tat cd céc amin déu lam quy tim chuyén mau xanh. C. Tat ca cdc amin déu lam quy tfm chuyén mau hong, D. Alanin phan ting véi dung dich brom tao két tia trang. Cau 4: Bé phan bigt 3 dung dich gdm CHsCOOH, HzNCHCOOH, CHsNH2 chi can ding thuée thir nao sau day? A. Quy tim. B. HCL C.NaOH. D. NaCl. Cau 5; Day cac chat déu phan tg dug voi Hz (xtic tae Ni, dun néng) la A.glucozo, axit fomic, dietylamin. B. saccarozo, anilin, tristearin, C. fructozo, vinyl fomat, triolein. ‘D, saccarozo, vinyl fomat, triolein. Cau 6: Cho céc chat sau: fructozo, axit fomic, etylmetylamin, vinyl axetat, ghucozo. Sé chat trong day phan tg dug voi He (xtic tac Ni, dun néng) 1A A.2. B.3. C4, D.5. Cau 7: C6 3 chat long benzen, anilin, stiren, dung riéng biét trong 3 lo mat nhan. Thudc thir dé phan bide 3 chat Ing trén ‘A. dung dich phenolphtalein. B, nwée brom. C. dung dich NaOH, D. gidy quy tim. 164 LE DANG KHUONG - NGUYEN XUAN TRUONGCHUONG 5: TONG HOP HOU CO Cau 8; Chat lam mat mau dung dich brom la A, saccarozo. B. tristearin. C. glucozo. D.alanin Cau 9: Dung dich lam mat mau dung djch brom la A.etylamin, B, saccarozo. .vinylamin, D. glyxin, Cau 10: Cho cde dung dich: glucozo, glixerol, fomandehit, etanol. ‘Thuéc thir dé phan biét bén dung djch trén 1a A.nuéc brom, B. dung dich AgNOs trong NH. C.Na kim loai. D.Cu(OH):. DAP AN 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 c A A A c B B D Cc D HU'ONG DAN GIAI cau 4: Chat phan tng véi dung dich brom cho két tia trang la phenol OH OH LL “Or ( + 3Br, ——~ + 3HBr A Br > Dap anc cau 2: Chat phan tng dug véi dung dich brom a anilin NH NH Br. Br + 3Br, —— | + 3HBr 7 ~ Dp ana Cau 3: A dling vi: CH=CHCOOCH,CHs + Br, -> CHeBrCHBrCOOCH2CHs. B, Csai vi anilin va cdc amin thom khong lam 46i mau quy tim. D sai vi alanin kh6ng phan ‘eng v6i dung dich brom. > Dap nA cau 4: Dé phan biét 3 chat trén chi cin dling quy tim vi: © CHsCOOH 1a mét axit yéu lam quy tim chuyén mau hing, © HeNCH2COOH 1a mat amino axit ¢6 s6 nhém -NH2 bang sé nhém -COOH nén khong lam quy tim déi mau. © CHSNFe 1a mét amin kam quy tim chuyén mau xan LB DANG KHUONG - NGUYEN XUAN TRUONG. 165CHUNG 5: TONG HOP HOU Co B sai vi HCI déu tac dung voi HaNCH2COOH va CHsNH> cho hién tugng nhu nhau. C sai vi NaOH déu tic dung voi CHsCOOH va HaNCH2COOH cho hién trong nhw nhau. D sai vi NaCl déu khéng tac dung duge v6i cd ba chat trén. > Dap ana cau 5: A sai vi dimetylamin khong phan tg voi Ho (xttc tée Ni, dun néng). B sai vi saccarozo, anilin, tristearin déu khong phan ting voi He (xtic tée Ni, dun néng). C ating vi fructozo,, vinyl fomat, triolein du phan ting v6i Ha (xtic tac Ni, dun néng). HCOOCH=CHz + He ~="> HCOOCH:CH3 (CiyHesC00):CaHs + 3H, —s (C7H55CO0)sCoHs CH_OH[CHOH],CCH,OH +H, —"» cHoH{CHOH],CH,OH oO D sai vi saccarozo khong phan tng v6i Hz (xtic tc Ni, dun néng). > Dap anC cau 6: C6 3 chat phan ting duge véi He (xtic tac Ni, dun néng) l&: fructozo, vinyl axetat, glucozo: CH2OH[CHOH]«CHO + He —" > CH,OH[CHOH].CH20H CH3COOCH=CH: + Hz “5 CHsCOOCH2CHs cHeoN[cHoMsecH.oH +H, Ys ci on{cHoH],cH,oH > Bap anB cau 7: Cole CcHsNH2 CelsCH=CH2 Nuwéc Bro Tach lop Kéttia trang Mat mau 166, Ni NH, Br Br + 3Bry ——+> | + 3HBr Br 2,4,6-tribromanilin CH=CH, CHBrCH,Br > Dap an B LB BANG KHUONG - NGUYEN XUAN TRUONG:CHUONG 5: TONG HOP HOU CO” cau 8: ‘Chat khong lam mat mau dung dich brom la: alanin Dap nD cau 9: Etylamin: CHsCH2NH2 Saccarozo: Ci2H22011 (kh6ng cé lién két di C=C va nhém chitc andehit CHO} Vinylamin; CH2=CHNH2 Glyxin: HaNCH2COOH — Dung dich lam mat mau dung dich brom 1a vinylamin (CHa=CHNHz) do cé 1ién két di C=C trong phan tir CH2=CHNH2 + Bro — CH:Br-CHBrNH2 = Dap anD Cau 10: Thudc thir dé phan biét glucozo, glixerol, fomandehit, etanol la Cu(OH)2 ‘* Glucozo + Cu(OH)2 — phitc mau xanh lam, dun néng trong méi trudng kiém thi xudt hign két tla 46 gach. 2CeHiz06 + CulOH)2 > (CoHasOc)zCu + 2H20 CH,OH[CHOH],CHO +2Cu(OH)2+NaOH—+CH:0H[CHOH].COONa +Cu0!+ 3H20 dd gach © Glixerol + Cu(OH)2 ~> phitc mau xanh lam 2CsHs(OH)3 + Cu(OH)z — (CsHs(OH)20)2Cu + 2H:0 + Fomandehit + Cu(OH)2 “> Két tia dé gach HCHO+ 2Cu(OH): + NaOH —S> HCOONa+ Cuz0! + 3H20 ‘* Etanol + Cu(OH)2— khéng phan img. > Dap dnD LE DANG KHUONG - NGUYEN XUAN TRUONG 167CHUONG 5: TONG HOP HUU CO” DANG 4: Phan tng voi dung dich NaOH, HCl V Phan tng v6i NaOH > Phenol, axit, amino axit > Peptit, este (thiiy phan) > Musi C,H, NH, Cl (phenylamoni clorua) RCOONH: 1H, NRCOOH Y Phan ting véi HCL > Amin, amino axit > Este, peptit (thy phan) > Cacbohidrat (xenlulozo, tinh bot, saccarozo, mantoz0) > Mudi: RCOONH,, H2NRCOONa, ColisONa BAI TAP MAU <= Corban Cau 1: Hop chat hitu co X tac dung duge véi dung dich brom nhung khéng tac dung voi dung dich NaOH. Tén goi cia X1a A.anilin, B, phenol. C.axit axetic. D. metyl axetat. Huréng dn giai Hop chat hiru co X téc dung dwg véi dung dich brom nhung khdng téc dung voi dung dich NaOH -» X 1a anilin NH NH Br. Br + 3B i + 3HBr Br 2,4,6-tribromanilin (mau trang) B sai vi phenol phan tng dug véi dung dich NaOH va brom CeHsOH + NaOH + CelisONa + H20 OH OK Br € sai vi axit axetic phan tmg véi dung dich NaOH, khong phan tmg dugc véi dung dich brom 168 LE BANG KHUONG - NGUYEN XUAN TRUONGCHUONG 5: TONG HOP HOU CO CH;COOH + NaQH > CHsCOONa + H20 D sai vi metyl axetat phan ting v6i dung dich NaOH, khéng phan img duoc voi dung dich brom CH;COOCHs + NaOH —‘» CHsCOONa + CH30H > ap and Cau 2: Chat khéng phan ing dwgc voi dung dich NaOH 1a A. glucoze. B.lysin. C.axit axetic. D. glyxin. Huwéng dan giai Cac phwtong trinh héa hoc cia phan ing CH:0H[CHOH],CHO + NaOH > khong phan mg H:N[CH2] H2NCH,COONa + H20 > bap ana Cau 3: Chat nao sau day phan tng duge v6i dung dich NaOH? A. metyl fornat. B. fructozo, G.etyl amin, D. long trang tring. Huéng dan giai Chat phan tng duoc véi dung djch NaOH 1a metyl fomat (HCOOCHS) HCOOCH: + NaQH —"-> HCOONa + CH3OH ~DapanA Cau 4: Chat chi tac dung duoc véi dung dich HCl, khéng tac dung dugc voi dung dich NaOH [a A.metylamin. B. glysin. C.glucozo. D. fructozo. Huéng dan giai A ding vi metylamin (CHsNH2) chi phan tng durge véi dung dich HCI ClNH2 + HCI > CH, NH,Cl B sai vi glyxin (HeNCH2COOH) c6 tinh lwOng tinh ~ phan ting duoc voi dung dich HCl va NaOH H:NCH:COOH + HCI > CIH,NCH,COOH H:NCH:COOH + NaOH > HaNCH2COONa + H20 C sal vi glucozo khong phan ting duge véi dung dich HCl va NaOH D sai vi fructozo khéng phan tng dwg voi dung djch HCI va NaOH = Dap ana ¥ Van dung Cau 5: 6 digu kign theéng, chat nao sau day via phan tg duge véi dung dich NaOH, vira phan ting duge vi dung dich HCl? A.HANCH(CH:)COOH. B. CallsOH. C.CH NE. D.CHsCOOH. LE DANG KHUONG - NGUYEN XUAN TRUONG 169CHUONG 5: TONG HOP HOU co” Huéng dan giai A ding vi: H:NCH(CHs)COOH + NaOH - H2NCH(CHs)COONa + HO H:NCH(CH3)COOH + HCl lH, NCH! (CH, )COOH Bsal vi GoH:OH khong phan img durgc voi dung dich NaOH va HCl Cssai vi CHsNHachi phan ting duroc voi dung dich HCL CH:NH2 + HCl CH, NH, Cl D sai vi CHsCOOH chi phan eng duro voi dung dich NaOH CHsCOOH + NaOH -+ CHsCOONa + H20 > Dap an A Cau 6: Cho day gdm cdc chat: axit glutamic, anilin, alanylalanin, natri phenolat. $6 chét c6 kha nding téc dung v6i dung dich HCI fa A3. B.2. c4 D.1. Huong din giai axit glutamic: HOOC{CH2]2CH(NH.)COOH anilin: CeHsNH alanylalanin: CHsCH(NH.)CO-NHCH(CH,)COOH natri phenolat: CeHlsONa C6 4 chat phan itng duoc véi dung dich HCl: axit glutamic, anilin, alanylalanin, natri phenolat > Dap an C Cau 7: Cho cdc chat: saccarozo (1), glucoze’ (2), protein (3), xenlulozo (4), etyl axetat (5). Nhiing chat tham gia phan (mg thily phan 1a AG), (3), (4), (5). B, (2), (3), (4), (5). €.(4), (2), 4), (9) D. (0), (2), 3), (4). Hwéng din gidi (1) Biing vi saccaroze la disaccarit, thily phan (H*/te) cho glucozo va fructozo CiaHz20:1 + H20 H+ CoHi20s + CeH1206 saccaroze glucozo fructoze (2) Sai vi glucozo la monosaccarit nén khéng cé phan img thiiy phan. (3) Duing vi protein chia nhi&u lién két peptit (CONH-) c6 thé thily phan trong mdi trrbng kiém (te) hay trong méi trurdmg axit (te) (4) Diing vi xenlulozo 18 polisaccarit nén ¢6 phan tng thily phan tao ra glucozo. (CeHio02)n + nH20 #9 nCgHi206 xenlulozo glucoze (5) Diing vi etyl axetat ld este c6 phan ting thity phan trong méi trong axit hay kiém, dun néng. CHsCOOCH:CHs + H20 <2-42 CHsCOOH + CHsCH.OH CH3COOCH,CHs + NaOH —"> CHsCOONa + CHsCH2OH — Nhiing chat tham gia phan tng thay phan l&: (1), (3), (4), (5) > Dap an A 170 LE DANG KHUONG - NGUYEN XUAN TRUONGCHUONG 5: TONG HOP HOU CO = Nangcao Cau 8: Sé hgp chat 1a dng phan c4u tao, c6 cing CTPT C)HaOz, tée dung dugc véi dung dich NaOH nhung khdng tac dung duoc voi Nala AB. B.2, C4, Da Huéng dan gidi 4242-8 ee Vi CeHa2 téc dung voi NaOH; kh6ng téc dung vi Na ~ Dong phan cia X 1a céc este no, don chitc, mach he CiHs0206 k=ntv= 1 (1) HCOOCHACH.CHs (2) HCOOCH(CHs}2 (3) CHsCOOC2Hs (4) CoHsCOOCHs = Dap an Cau 9: Ung véi cong thie phan tir C2HyO2N 6 bao nhiéu chét viva phan tng dugc voi dung dich NaOH, vita phan tng dug voi dung dich HCl? AA, B.2, C1 D.3. Hwong dan gi ‘Tac dung voi NaOH va HCL: - Amino axit: 0 - Mudi amoni: CHsCOONHs; HCOONHCHs CH,COONH, + NaOQH——>CH,COONa+NH, 1 +H,0 HCOONH,CH, +NaOH—> HCOONa+CH,NH, 1 +H,0 CH,COONH, +HCl—>CH,COOH +NH,Cl HCOONH,CH, +HCl—> HCOOH + CH,NH,CL > Dap an B Cau 10: $6 hop chat don chitc, dong phan cdu tgo cia nhau cé cing céng thie phan tit CiHo02, du tac dung durge véi dung dich NaOH fa AS. B.3. C6. D4 Hwéng din gia Phan ting vei NaOH > CsHe0z 1a este no, don chigc hoa axit no, don chite - Dong phan axit no, don chite: (2) CHsCH.CH2COOH (2) (CHs}.CHCOOH - Bing phan este no dan chic: (3) HCOOCH.CH.CHs (5) HCOOCH(CHs)2 (4) CHsCOOCH:CHs (6) CHsCH.COOCHs >PdpancC LEB DANG KHUONG - NGUYEN XUAN TRUONG 171CHU'ONG 5: TONG HOP HOU CO BAITAP TY LUYEN 1 Cau 1: Chat nao sau day vita téc dung duoc véi dung dich NaOH, viva tic dung duge voi nuéc Br2? A. CH;CH2COOH. B. CH3COOCH=CHz. C. CHsCH2NHb. D.Glucozo. Cau 2: Cho day cdc chat: etyl axetat, glyxin, anilin, metylamin, $6 chat téc dung duoc véi dung dich NaOH la Al. B.2. C3. D.4. Cau 3: Hai chat nao sau day déu tac dung duoc voi dung dich NaOH. loaing? A. CH, NH, Cl va CH3NH2. B. CH,NH,Clva HeNCH:COONa. C.CHsNH2 va H:NCH2COOH. D. CIH, NCH,COOC,H, va H:NCH2COOH, Cau 4: Cho day cdc chit: CeHs0H (phenol), CeHsNtiz (anilin), HzNCH,COOH, CHsCH:COOH, CHsCH2CH2NH>. $6 chat trong day téc dung dugc vai dung dich HCLa AA. B.2. 3, Ds. Cau 5: Cho cic chat: phenol, anilin, lyxin, natri hidroxit. $6 clip chat téc dung durge v6i nhaw la Ad B.3, ©2, D1. Cau 6: Cho tat cd cc dong phan don chic, mach hd, 6 cling cOng thie phan tir C2H,0z fan lugt tc dung véi: Na, NaOH, NaHCOs, $6 phan ding xay ra la AL2. BS. C4, D.3. Cau 7: Cho day cdc dung dich: axit axetic, phenylamoni clorua, metylamin, glyxin, phenol (CetisOH). $6 dung dich trong day tac dung duge voi dung dich NaOH Ia Ad. B.3. ce. D.S. Cau 8: Cho day cdc chat: Gly-Gly, glucozo, dimetylamin, vinyl propionat, protein, S6 chat trong day téc dung duoc véi dung dich NaOH loang, dun néng la AS. BA, C4, D6. Cu 9: Cho day cdc chat: CcHsOH, CcHsNHz, H2NCH2COOH, CHsCH:COOH, CHsCH2CH:NEl. $6 chét trong day tic dung duge voi dung dich HCLa AA. B.2, G3. DS. Cau 10: Cho cdc loai hop chat: amino axit (X), mudi amoni cita axit cacboxylic (¥), amin (@), este cha amino axit (T). Day gdm céc loai hop chat déu téc dung dugc v6i dung dich NaOH va déu tac dung duge v6i dung dich HCI 1a AXY.ZT. B.XY,T. CXY,Z D.Y,Z,7. DAP AN 1 2 3 4 5 é 7 8 9 | 10 B B D ¢ c € a B € B 172 LE BANG KHUONG - NGUYEN XUAN TRUONG.CHUONGS: TONG HOP HOU CO HUONG DAN GIAT cau 4: A sai vi CHsCH2COOH chi phan ‘eng véi dung djch NaOH B ding vi CHsCOOCH=CHe vira phan ting duoc v6i dung dich NaOH, vira phan ing dug véi dung dich Bre C sai vi CHsCH,NH, khong phan tng dugc véi dung dich NaOH va dung dich Br, D sai vi glucozo chi phan ting durgc véi dung djch Bre ~ pap 4nB Cau 2: Etyl axetat: CHsCOOC:Hs Glyxin: HeNCH2COOH Anilin: CoHsNHz Metylamin: CHsNHe > C6 2 chat tac dung duge véi dung dich NaOH 1a: CH;COOC;Hs, H2NCH;COOH Cac phuong trinh héa hoc: CH3COOC:Hs + NaOH —*> CH3COONa + CeHsOH H,NCH,COOH + NaOH > H2NCH,COONa + 1.0 —> Dap an B caus: A, Csai vi CHsNHZ la mét amin khong tac dung duoc voi dung dich NaOH B sai vi H2NCH2COONa la muGi cia bazo manh kh6ng tac dung voi dung dich NaOH D ding vi: CIHsNCH2COOCaHis + 2NaOH -> H2NCH2COONa + CoHsOH + NaCl + 2H20 H:NCH2COOH + NaOH + HeNCH2COONa + H20 > Dap an D cau 4: C6 3 chat trong day téc dung duge véi dung dich HCI 12: CeHsNHz, HzNCH2COOH, CHsCH2CH2NHz GcHsNHz + HCI + ¢,H,NH,Cl H.NCH:COOH + HC + CiH,NCH,COoH CHsCH.CHNH2 + HCI > CH,CH,CH, NH, Cl > Dap anc Cau 5: Phenol: CsHsOH Anilin: CcHsNH2 Glyxin: HzNCH2COOH Natri hidroxit: NaOH C6 2 cp chat phan émg durge véi nhau: ‘* Phenol va natri hidroxit: CsHsOH + NaOH — CsHsONa + H20 © Glyxin va natri hidroxit: H:NCH:COOH + NaOH ~ H;NCHzCOONa + H20 > Dap anC LE DANG KHUONG - NGUYEN XUAN TRUONG 173CHUONG 5: TONG HOP HOU CO cau 6: 2.242-4 C,H,0, 6 k=x+v= ‘este: HCOOCH, + La hop chat don chite, mach hé > @ Rap chat don chuc ee :CH,COOH HCOOCH, +NaOH —»HCOONa+CH,OH 2CH,COOH + 2Na—»2CH,COONa+H, T CH,COOH +NaOH——+CH,COONa+H,0 CH,COOH + NaHCO, —+CH,COONa+H,0+C0, t ~ Dap an cau 7: C6 4 chat tac dung dugc véi dung dich NaOH la: axit axetic, phenylamoni clorua, glyxin, phenol (CsHs0H) Axit axetic: CH,COOH + NaOH-—>CH,COONa+H,0 Phenylamoni clorua: C,H,NH,Cl+NaQH—>C,H,NH, +NaCl+H,0 Metylamin: CHsNH2 + NaQH —— Glyxin: H,NCH,COOH +NaOH—>H,NCH,COONa+H,0 Phenol: CcHsOH + NaOH —> CeHsONa + Hz0 > Dap ana cau 8: C6 3 cht téc dung duge véi dung djch NaOH loang, dun néng a: Gly-Gly, vinyl propionat, protein H;NCH2CO-NHCH2COOH + 2NaOH —*-> 2HeNCH2COONa + H.0 CHsCHsCOOCH=CHe + NaOH —*> CH;CH2COONa + CHsCHO Protein —"%*" 5 q-amino axit , > Dap 4nB Cau 9: C6 3 chit tée dung dugc voi dung dich HCI la CeHsNHz, CHsCH2CHzNHe, H2NCH2COOH CeHsNEh + HCI—> C,H, NH, Cl CHsCH2CHNE2 + HCI CH,CH,CH, NH, Cl H.NCH.COOH + HCI» CLH, NCH,COOH > Dap anc cau 10; (X): (NH,),R(COOK), (¥):R(COONK,), 174 LE DANG KHUONG - NGUYEN XUAN TRUONGCHUONG 5: TONG HOP HOU CO (2): RONH,), (1): (NH,),R(COOR}, ~ Cée cht vira tac dung duge véi dung dich NaOH, vira tac dung duge véi dung dich HCL 1a; (X), (¥), (1) (NH2).R(COOH)s + aHiCl > ( (NHz)sR(COONa), + bHz0 R(COONH,), + aHiCl > R(COOH), + aNH,CI R(COONH). + aNaOH > R(COONa)s + aNHs + alz0 (NH2),R(COOR"}, + aHCl + BELO {iia} R(COOH), + bR'OH (NHz).R(COOR’), + bNaQH —"> (NTtz).R(COONa), + bR'OH = Dap 4n B Em fam bai kiém tra du6i day 4é cing c6 kign thie nhé DE KIEM TRA Cau 1: Thiy phan hoan toan chat nao sau day trong dung dich NaOH (dun néng) Khéng thu duge ancol? A. etyl axetat. B. vinyl axetat. C. triolein, D. metyl axetat. Cau 2: Cho day cdc chat sau: phenol, anilin, mantozo, tinh bat, metyl axetat. $6 chét phan tng dugc véi dung dich NaOH 1a AQ, Bl. C3 D.5. Cau 3: Hai chat déu khOng tac dung voi dung djch NaOH (lodng, néng) 1a A.axit axetic va etyl axetat. B. phenylamoni clorua va alanin. C anilin va metylamin D. axit stearic va tristearin, Cau 4: Este khi phan tmg v6i dung dich NaOH du, dun néng tao ra hai muéi la A.CeHsCOOC6Hs. B. CHaCOOCHs. C.CHs00C-COOCHs. D. CoHsCOOCH2CsHs, Cau 5: Thiy phan hoan ton chat nao sau day trong dung dich NaOH chi thu durge muéi cia a - amino axit? A. Anil B, Ala — Ala - Gly. C. Protein phite tap. D. Nilon - 6. Cau 6 : Phat biéu nao ding? A. Thy phn este trong dung dich NaOH, dun néng duoc goi la phan tmg este héa. B, Thay phan este trong dung djch NaOH, dun néng la phan tg mét chiéu. .Anilin 1am quy tim chuyén sang mau xanb, D. Amino axit chi phan ing duoc véi dung dich NaOH. Cau 7: Cho day céc chat sau: phenyl fomat, fructozo, glyxylvalin (Gly-Val), etylen glicol, triolein. $6 chat bj thuy phan trong moi trudng kiém 1a A. B.3. C4. D.5. LE DANG KHUONG - NGUYEN XUAN TRUONG 175CHUONG 5: TONG HOP HOU CO Cau 8: Cho cc chat: etyl axetat, anilin, axit acrylic, phenol, phenylamoni clorua, xenlulozo, glyxin. Trong cdc chat nay, s6 chat tic dung dwgc v6i dung dich NaOH I Aa, B.6. C5. D.3. Cau 9: C6 cée dung dich riéng biét sau: C,H, NH, CL, HsNCHsCH(NH;)COOH, CIH, NCH,COOH, HOOCCH:CH.CH(NH;)COOH, HeNCH2COONa, $6 dung dich phan img duge voi dung dich HeLa AL2, BS. C4, D.3. Cau 10: Hop chét X (mach hd) 1a chat ran & diBu kign thug, c6 cOng thite phan tir C:HoO2N. Biét X phan ing voi dung dich NaOH, dun néng, giai phéng khf lam xanh gidy quy tim dm, S6 céng thite cu tgo ciia X théa man la A.3. B.2. C4. D1. DAP AN 1 2 3 4 5 é 7 a 9 10 B a c A B B B Cc D A HUONG DAN Gi cau 1: Céc phuong trinh héa hoc xay ra CHsCOOCH:CHs + NaOH —"» CHsCOONa + CH:CH2OH CHsCOOCH=CH2 + NaGH —*> CHsCOONa + CHsCHO (CizHHssCO0)3CaHs + 3NAOH —“> 3CirHssCOONa + Calls(OH)s CHsCOOCHs + NaOH —*4 CHsCOONa + CH.OH ~ vinyl axetat thity phan hoan toan trong dung djch NaOH (dun nong) Khong thu duge ancol = Dap anB Cau 2: Chat phan tng duoc voi dung dich NaOH 18 phenol, metyl axetat CeHsOH + NaOH ~ CcHsONa + H20 CHsCOOCHs + NaOH —"> CH;COONa + CHsOH > Dap nA Cau 3: Asai vi: CHsCOOH + NaOH + CHsCOONa + 120 CH:COOCzHs + NaOH “+ CHsCOONa + C:Hs0H Bsai vi: CeHgNHsCl + NaOH > CcHsNHz + NaCl + 1:0 CHsCH(NH2)COOH + NaOH — CH,CH(NH2)COONa + H20 Cduing vi anilin va meylamin déu khdng phan img duoc voi dung dich NaQH 176 LE DANG KHUONG - NGUYEN XUAN TRUONGCHUNG 5: TONG HOP HOU CO Dsaivi: CirHasCOOH + NaOH > CirHasCOONa + H20 (CirHasCOO}sCsHs + 3NAOH —2> 3Ci7HssCOONa + CsHs(OH)s = Dap anc Cau 4: + CéHsCOOCsHs + 2NAOH 2+ CsHHsCOONa + CeHs0Na + 20 ~ Thu duge hai mudi CsHsCOONa va CeH50Na. + CHsCOOCHs + NaOH — > CHsCOONa + CH3OH. > Thu duge mét mudi CHsCOONa, + CH,00C-COOCHs + 2NaOH “> NaQOC-COONa + 2CH30H. ~ Chi thu duoc mot mudi la NaQOC-COONa. + CoHsCOOCHCeHs + NaOH 25 CoHsCOONa + HO-CHo-CeHs > Thu duge mgt mudi la CoHsCOONa, Vay chat khi thity phn tgo ra 2 mudi la CsHsCOOCsHs. Luru J: Este khi thily phan tgo ra hai mudi la este cia phenol hoi este hai chitc cia hal axit khae nhau = ap an A cau 5: kchOng phan ting doc voi dung dich NaOH ‘Na~Ala~cly 00 {cpa JCOONa JH,NCH,COONa C sai vi thy phan protein phitc tap trong dung djch NaOH thu dugc céc o-amino axit va thanh phan “phi protein” (nhw nucleoprotein,...) D sai vi nilon-6 phan img duge véi dung dich NaOH nhung thu duge H,N([CHz]sCOOH (khong phai la at - amino axit) > Dap anB Cau 6: ‘Asai vi thiiy phan este trong dung djch NaOH, dun néng duoc goi la phan tng x8 phang héa B ding (SGK 12 co bin - trang 6) € sai vi anilin c6 tinh bazo rét yéu nén khong iam déi mau gidy quy tim D sai vi amino axit via phan tmg dugc véi dung djch NaOH, via phan img duge v6i dung dich HCL ~ Dap 4nB cau 7: C63 chat thiy phan trong méi trudng kiém la: phenyl fomat, Gly-Val, triolein HCOOCéHs + 2NaQH —*-> HCOONa + CcHsONa + H20 LB DANG KHUONG - NGUYEN XUAN TRUONG 177CHUONG 5: TONG HOP HOU CO cau 8: cau 9: H,NCH,CO-HNCHCOOH + 2NaoH (Clis)2CH-GH-COONa + HzNCH2COONa + H20 CH(CHs)2 NH2 (Cirlis:C00)sCsHs + 3Na0H —2> 3CirHsCOONa + C3Hs(OH)s = Dap anB C6 5 chat phan ting dugc voi dung dich NaOH: etyl axetat, axit acrylic, phenol, phenylamoni clorua, glyxin. Btyl axetat : CH,COOC,H, + NaQH "> CH,COONa+C,H,OH Axit acrylic: CH, =CH—COOH + NaOH——»CH, =CH-COONa+H,0 Phenol: CeHsOH + NaOH > CeHsONa + H20 Phenylamoni clorua: C,H,NH,CI-+NaOH—>C,H,NH, +NaCl-+H,0 Glyxin: H,NCH,COOH +NaOH —> H,NCH,COONa + H,0 = Dap anC Dung dich phan ting dugc voi dung dich HCI la: H2NCH2CH(NHz)COOH, HOOCCH2CH2CH(NH2)COOH, H:NCH2COONa Phwong trinh héa hoc: H2NCH:CH(NH;)COOH + 2HCI > Gis, Secchi coon HOOCCHaCH:CH(NH,)COOH + HC! = woocce,ct,cr{ fn Gr }eoor H,NCH,COONa + 2HCI > ClH,NCH,COOH + NaCl + H20 > Dap anD Cau 10: 178 Ta cd : CsHs02N 06 ke Vix phan tng v6i dung dich NaOH, dun néng, giai phéng khi lam xanh gidy quy tim 4m ~ C6 2 cOng théte cia X théa man (1) CHsCH,COONH, (2) CHsCOOH;NCH; (3) HCOOHsNCH2CHs Phuong trinh héa hoc cia phan img CHsCH,COONH, + NaOH > CHsCH2COONa + NH3 + fi20 CHsCOOH:NCHs + NaOH > CHsCOONa + CHsNH2T + H20 HCOOHNCH2CHs + NaOH > HCOONa + CHsCH2NH2 + H20 > Dap ana LE DANG KHUONG - NGUYEN XUAN TRUONGCHUONG 5: TONG HOP HU'U CO DANG huyét téng BALTAP MAU v= Coban (Cau 1: Phat biéu nao sau day la sai? A. Poli(metyl metacrylat) dugc ding 4 ché tao thily tinh hitu co. B. Luc bazo clia anilin yéu hon lyre bazo cia metylamin. €. Cao su buna-N thudc loai cao su thién nhién. D, Chat béo con dugc goi la triglixerit hoac triaxylglixerol. Hwé6ng dan giai A ding (SGK 12 co ban - trang 67) B ding (SGK 12 co ban - trang 42) C sal vi cao su buna-N thugc loal cao su tng hop D ding (SGK 12 co ban ~ trang 48) > Dap anc Cau 2: Cho céc phat biéu sau: {a) Trong mat ong chita nhigu fructozo. (b) Tinh bot la mgt trong nhiing lwong thyc co ban cita con ngudi. {6 Cc amino axit thién nhién 1a nhiing hop chat hiru co dé kién tgo nén céc loai protein ciia co thé song. (4) Protein cé 2 logi: protein don gidn va protein phic tap. (e) Nhiét d9 s6i va a9 tan trong nwéc eita amin tng dan theo chigu tng cita phan tt khéi. ‘Trong cac phat biéu trén, sé phat biéu ding I A. B.2. C3. D.4, Hwéng dan gi: (@) ding (SGK 12 co ban ~ trang 24) (b) diing (SGK 12 co ban ~ trang 31) (c) dung (SGK 12 co ban - trang 47) (A) ding (SGK 12 co ban - trang 51) (e) sai vi Nhiét 46 sdi va d6 tan trong nuéc cia amin gidm dan theo chiéu tang cla phan tir Khoi (SGK 12 co ban - trang 41) Dap anD Céu 3: Phat biéu khong ding 1a A. Dung dich saccarozo cé phan tng trang ba B. Triolein khong t4c dung véi Cu(OH)z (6 nhiét a6 thuong). C. Metylamin tan trong nuée cho dung dich 6 méi truéng bazo. D. Cao su la logi vat ligu polime c6 tinh dan hoi. LE DANG KHUONG - NGUYEN XUAN TRUONG 179CHUONG 5: TONG HOP HOU CO Hw6ng dan giai Asai vi saccarozo khéng cé nhém chite andehit (CHO) (SGK 12 co’ ban - trang 28) B ding vi triolein ~ (CiyHssCOO)sCsHs khOng c6 nhiéu nhém OH lién 8 trong phan tir nén Khéng phan ting dugc voi Cu(OH)2 6 didu kign thang, Cduing (SGK 12 co ban - trang 42) D ding (SGK 12 co ban - trang 53) > Dap an A Cau 4: Phat biéu nao sau day v8 tinh chat vat if cita amin la khong ding? A.isoamyl axetat cé mui chuéi chin, B.Cécamin déc. C. Anilin la chat long, khé tan trong nuée, mau trang. D. D6 tan trong nuée cia amin gidm dn khi s nguyén tir cacbon trong phan tir ting, Hwéng dan gidi. A diing (SGK 12 cobain / trang 5) B ding (SGK 12 co ban/ trang 41) Cai vi anilin la chat long, khong mau, khé tan trong nuéc (SGK 12 ca ban/trang 41) Ddting. (SGK 12 co ban / trang 41) = Dap an v Van dung Cau 5: Chat nao sau day 1am xanh quy tim? A. Axit glutamic B. Anilin, GLysin. D.etylaxetat. Hwéng dan giai Axit glutamic: HOOCCH(NH2)CH:CH,COOH cé 2 nhém COOH va 1 nh6m NH > Quy chuyén sang mau a3 Lysin: HN{CH2],CH(NHz)COOH cé 2 nhém NH, va 1 nhém COOH > Quy chuyén sang mau xanh Anilin, etyl axetat: khdng lim déi mau quy tim Bap anc Cu 6: Cac cap chat nao sau day kh6ng phai la dng phan ciia nhau? A. glucozo va fructozo. B, CHsCOOCH2CH2 va CHCH2COOCHS. C.saccarozo va xenluloze. D. 2-metylpropan-1-ol va butan-2-ol. Hwéng dan giai Asai vi glucozo va fructozo la dng phan cia nhau (SGK 12 co ban - trang 24) B sai vi CHsCOOCH2CHs va CHsCH2COOCHs Ia ding phan cita nhau (cé cing cng thite phan ti C4He02) € ding vi saccarozo (CiaH22011) va xenlulozo (CeHl100s), khong phai la dong phan cha nhau D sai vi 2-metylpropan-1-ol va butan-2-ol la déng phan etia nhau (cé cing cng thitc phan te CiH:00) > Dap an€ 180 LE BANG KHUONG - NGUYEN XUAN TRUONGCHUONG 5: TONG HOP HOU CO Cau 7: Ancol va amin nao sau day cing bac? ‘A. (CH)aCOH va (CHs)sCNH2. B, (CoHls)zNH va CoHsCH20H. €.(CHa):CHOH va (CHs}2CHNH:. D. CoHsNHCHs va CcHsCH(OH)CHS. Hung dan giai Asai: (CH)3COH va (CHs)sCNHz (ancol bac 3, amin bac 1) i: (CeHs)2NH va CsHlsCH20H (ancol bac 1, amin bac 2) : (CHs)2CHOH va (CH3).CHNH, (ancol bac 2, amin bac 1) D ding: CaHsNHCHs va CsHsCH(OH)CHs (ancol bac 2, amin bac 2) ~ Dap 4nD Cau 8: Phat biéu nao sau day sai? A. Trong phan ing este héa phan tir H:0 dug tao nén tir -OH trong nhém ~COOH cita axit va H trong nhém -OH cita ancol. B. Phan tng gitta axit axetic vi ancol benzylic ( diéu kién thich hgp), tao thanh benzyl axetat o6 mui thom cia chuéi chin, C.Anilin phan tng v6i dung dich HCI, lay mudi vita tao ra cho tac dung voi dung dich NaOH thu duge anilin. D. Glucozo duge goi la duég nho do cé nhigu trong qua nho chin. Hwéng dan giai Adin vi: oH . RC-OH + HOR’ === ROR’ + HO 8 6 B sai vi benzyl axetat c6 mii thom cia hoa nhai Cdungvi: CeHsNHz + HC] > CoHsNHsCl CcHsNHsCl + NaOH — CeHsNH + NaCl D ding (SGK 12 co ban - trang 21) > Dap anB * Nang cao Cau 9: Phét biéu nao sau day 1a sai? A. Nhiét d6 s6i cita este thap hon han so v6i ancol c6 cling phan tir khdi. B. Trong cOng nghiép, cé thé chuyén héa chat béo lang thanh chat béo ran. C.S6 nguyén tir hidro trong phan tit este don chite va da chitc luén IA mGt s6 chin. D. San phdm cla phan ting xa phong héa chit béo la axit béo va glixerol. Hwéng dan gidi A diing (SGK 12 co ban - trang 5) B ding (SGK 12 co ban - trang 10) Caing vi: Goi cng thite chung ctia este la: CxH,0: + D6 khong no: k = Btzey 9 2k=2x+2-yy=2(k+x+1) (luén la sé chin) LE DANG KHUONG - NGUYEN XUAN TRUONG 181CHUONG 5: TONG HOP HOU Co" D sai vi san phdm ciia phan tg x8 phong héa chat béo 18 mudi ciia axit béo va glixerol — Dap anD Céu 10: Phat biéu nao sau day sai? A. Tat cd cc este du tan t6t trong nuéc, khong d6c, dug diing Lam chat tao huong trong cong nghiép thye pham, mi phdm, B, Phan (mg thy phan este trong moi trudng axit 1a phan émg thuan nghjch. .Glyxin (H2NCH,COOH) phan tng duge voi dung dich NaOH, D.D6t chay hoan toan CH;COOCHs thu durge sé mol CO2 bang sé mol H.0. Huong dan giai Asai vi tat cd cdc este du rat ft tan trong nuéc Baiing (SGK 12 co ban - trang 5) Cting vis HzNCHeCOOH + NaOH > HzNCH2COONa + H:0 Ding vir CHCOOCHS + z 02 “> 3602 + 310 ny, = Ryo + Dap ana BAI TAP TY LUYEN CAu 1: Cho céc phat biéu sau: (1) Saccarozo 1a chat ran, mau trang, tan nhiéu trong nuéc. (2) Peptit l& hep chat chita tir 2-50 gc a-amino axit lién két v6i nhau bing (3) Madi mononatri glutamat la thanh phan chinh trong bét ngot. (4) Trong méi trubng kiém, protein o6 phan ting mau voi Cu(OH)2. (5) Glucozo tac dung v6i Cu(OH)2/ OH, t tao két tia dé gach, (6) 0 ditu kign thug, este thug é dang ling hoe ran va tan tot trong nuée. Céc phat biéu sai la A. (2), (3), (5). B. (1), (6). €.(1), (4), (6). D. (3), (4). Cau 2: Chon phat biéu ding A. Glucozo’¢é nhiéu nbat trong mat ong. B, Chat béo la dieste ciia glixerol voi axit béo. Phan tir amilopectin e6 edu tréic mach phan nhanh. D.O nhigt d6 thudng, triolein & trang thai rin. Cau 3: Chon phat biéu ding A. Este cia phenol phan tg véi dung djch NaOH theo tilé 1: 1. B.HzNCH;COOH lam d6i mau quy tim thanh xan, C.To visco thude loai to téng hop. D. Saccarozo phan ‘mg v6i Cu(OH)z cho phike mau xanh lam. Cau 4: Chon phat biéu sai A. Btylamin 1a chat kh, mi kha, B. Céc amin du de. C, Amino axit o6 tinh chat luéng tinh, D. Glyxin lam xanh gidy quy tim. 182 LE DANG KHUONG - NGUYEN XUAN TRUONGCHUONG 5: TONG HOP HOU CO” Cau 5: Phat bigu ding a A. vinyl axetat phan (mg véi dung dich NaOH sinh ra ancol etylic. B, tinh bazo cia anilin manh hon cita amoniac. €.cao su thién nhién Ia polime cita isopren. D. axit béo 1a nhitng axit cacboxylic da chic. Cau 6: Cho céc phat biéu sau: (1) Oligopeptit la peptit ma trong phan tit cé tir 1-9 lién két peptit. (2) Polipeptit chita tir 11 dén 50 a-amino axit trong phan tir, (3) Thiy phan hoan toan polipeptit thu dug cdc peptit. (4) Glyxin, alanin, valin du lam d6i mau gidy quy tim am, (5) NH ~ CHz - COOH va NH2 - CH(CHs) - COOH déu cé phan ting tring hop. Cac phat biéu sai la A.(3), (4), 6). B. (1), (3), (4), 6). ¢.(0), (4), 6). D. (2), (3), 4). Cau 7: Cho cae phat biéu sau: (1) Aminoaxit thugc loai hgp chat hitu co tap chtée. (2) Cac amino axit thién nhién hau hét li cdc B-amino axit. (3) O nhiét dé thudng, cdc amino axit déu la nhéng chat long, (4) Anilin tac dung vi nuwéc brom tao thanh két tia trang, (5) Cho Cu(OH). vao dung dich ldng trang tring thay xudt hién mau vang. (6 Dung dich glyxin khong lam d6i mau quy tim, (7) Khi thiy phan hoan toan céc protein don gian thu duge hén hop céc a-amino axit. S6 phat biéu ding la AA. B.S. C6 D.7. Cau 8: Phat biéu khong ding la ‘A-hop chat HeN-COOH Ia amino axit don gian nat, B. fructozo cé phan ting trang bac. C anilin phan ting v6i dung dich nuéc brom tao két tha mau trang. D.este bj thy phan trong méi trudng bazo. Cu 9: Cho cdc dung dich: NH, CHsNEa, HeNCH2COOH, CeHsNH2, HOOC[CHz):CH(NH2)COOH 6 chat trong day lam quy tim chuyén mau xanb la AL2, B.3. 4. D.5. Cau 10: Cho céc phat biéu sau: (a) © nhiét d6 thung Cu(OH)2 c6 thé tan trong dung dich glucozo. (b) Anilin la mét bazo, dung dich cita né lam quy tim chuyén mau xanh, (c) G aivu kign thudng metyl acrylat phan tg duoc véi dung dich brom. (4) © digu kién thich hop, glyxin phan ting duge véi ancol etylic. S6 phat bigu ding la: A.3. B. 4. G1. D.2. DAP AN i 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 B c D D Cc A A A A A LE BANG KHUONG - NGUYEN XUAN TRUONG 183CHUONG 5: TONG HOP HOU Co" HUONG DAN GIAI Cau 4: cau 2: cau 3: (1) Sai vi saccarozo khong mau (SGK 12 co ban - trang 27) (2) Dting (SGK 12 co ban - trang 50) (3) Bing (SGK 12 co ban - trang 49) (4) Diing vi trong mdi trudng kiém, protein cé phan ting mau voi Cu(OH): tao phitc mau tim. (SGK 12 corbin - trang 51) (5) Dang vi glucozo chita nhém chitc CHO c6 kha nang phan ting voi Cu(OH)z trong mol trudng klém dun néng tgo két tka a gach CuO! CH,OH-[CHOH],-CHO + 2Cu(OH), +NaOH —> CH,OH-[CHOH].-COONa +Cu,0! + 3H20 (6) Sai vieste rat it tan trong aude (SGK 12 co ban - trang 4) Vay c6 2 phat biéu sai la (1) va (6) ~ Dap anB Asal vi glucoze c6 nhiéu nhdt trong qua nho chin B sai vi chat béo la trieste ciia glixerol véi axit béo. € ding (SGK 12 co ban - trang 30) D sai vi 6 nhiét d6 thudg triolein 6 trang thai long > Dap an€ Asai vi este cita phenol phan ting véi dung djch NaOH theo ti1é 1:2 RCOOCsHs + 2NaQH —"> RCOONa + CcHsONa + 120 B sai vi HeNCH2COOH khdng lam 4éi mau quy tim C sai vi to visco thudc loai to nhan tao (to bén téng hop). D dting vi saccarozo cé nhigu nhém ~ OH lin ke > Saccarozo phan (mg véi Cu(OH)2 cho phic mau xanh lam > Dap 4nD cau 4: A Ating (SGK 12 co ban - trang 41) B ding (SGK 12 cobain - trang 41) Ging vi amino axit ¢6 hai loai nhém chite 18 (-NH2) cé tinh bazo va (-COOH) c6 tinh axit > Amino axit c6 tinh chat wong tin. D sai vi glyxin (HeNCH2COOH) c6 1 nhém -COOH va 1 nhém -NH2 + Khong lam d6i mau gidy quy tim > Dap an D cau 5: 184 Asai vi: CHsCOOCH=CH2 + NaOH —"+ CH3COONa + CHsCHO andehit B sai vi tinh bazo cia anilin yéu hon amoniac C ding (SGK 12 co ban - trang 70) LE DANG KHUONG - NGUYEN XUAN TRUONGCHUONG 5: TONG HOP HOU CO nCHy=C-CH=CH, SBA. 4. CH. CHy Isopren D sai vi axit béo Ia axit dom chitc, 6 mach cacbon dai, khéng phan nhanh > Dap an€ Cau 6: (1) Déing vi oligopeptit 1A peptit ma trong phan ti chika 2-10 phan tt c-amino axit — Trong phan tir oligopeptit c6 tiv 1-9 lién két peptit. (2) Duin (SGK 12 co’ban, trang $0). (3) Sai vi thy phan ho’n toan polipeptit thu duge cac a-amino axit (SGK 12 co ban, trang 51) (4) Sai vi cc a-amino axit trén du chi c6 1 nhém -COOH va 1 nh6m -NH2 nén Khdng lam 46i mau quy tim. (5) Sai vi NH ~ CHz~ COOH va NHz - CH(CH) - COOH Kthéng c6 lin két kém bn hay vong kém bén nén khéng thuc hién phan ting trang hop. ~ Cac phat bigu sai 1a (3), (4), (5) > dap ana cau 7: (1) Bing vi amino axit chiva 2 loai nhém chitc: amino (-NHs) va cacboxyl (-COOH) trong phan tir. (2)Saivi cdc amino axit thién nhién hau hét la aeamino axit ( SGK 12 co ban - trang 47) (3) Sai vi 6 mhigt a9 thwong, cc amino axit la cht rn (SGK 12 cor ban - trang 46) (4) Ding vi NH, NH, Br, Br + BBr, —~ | + 3HBr Br 2,4,6-tribromanilin tring (5) Sai vi Khi cho Cu(OH)z vao dung dich long tréng tréng (ban chat IA protein) sé tao phite mau tim. (SGK 12 co ban ~ trang $1) (6) Bing vi glyxin chtta 1 nh6m chite -NHz va 1 nhém chitee ~COOH khi tan trong nurce tgo méi trudng trung tinh nén khdng lam d6i mau quy tim. (7) Bing (SGK 12 corbin - trang 51) Vay s6 phat biéu ding!a 4. > pap ana LE DANG KHUONG - NGUYEN XUAN TRUONG 185CHUONG S: TONG HOP HO'U co cau 8: A sai vi aminoaxit don gian nbat la glyxin (HzNCH;COOH) B dting vi trong m6i trurdng bazo cé sy chuyén héa: Fructozo <=> Glucoze CH,OH[CHOH], CHO + 24gNO, + 3NH, +H,O—S-> CH,OH[CHOH], COONH, + 24g 1 +2NH,NO, Caingvi : NH, NH, Br Br + 3Br, + | + 3HBr Br 2,4,6-tribromanilin D ding (SGK 12 co ban - trang S) = Dap ana cau 9: © Nis 1a mét bazo yéu c6 thé lam quy tim chuyén mau xanh CHpNHb la amin cé tinh bazo > lam xanh gidy quy tim * HaNCH2COOH 1a mét amino axit cé sé nhém NH2 bing sé nhém COOH nén Ikh6ng lam 44i mau qu} tim Axit glutamic: HOOC {CH|,-CH-COOH NH, C6 2 nhém -COOH va 1 nhém -NHs, ¢6 tinh axit lam quy tim chuyén mau hdng © CoHsNHe c6 tinh bazo rat yéu, yéu hon ca NH nén khéng lam quy tim déi mau, > C6 2 chat lam quy tim chuyén mau xanh la NHs, CHNH2 — Bap an A Cau 10: (@) ding vi 6 nhiét 46 thuémg Cu(OH)z cé thé phan tng v6i glucozo tao dung dich mau xanb lam 2CsHi206 + Cu(OH)2—> (CelHi:00)2Cu + 21120 phtée xanh lam, (b) sai vi anilin kh6ng lam quy tim chuyén mau (SGK 12 co ban - trang 43) (©) diing vi metyl acrylat la este khong no cé thé tham gia phan ing véi dung dich brom CH2=CH-COOCH; + Brz > Br-CHz-CHBr-COOCHs (@) ding vi amino axit c6 phan ting véi ancol sinh ra este NH2CH,COOH + CoHsOH <=> NH2CH2COOCzHis + H20 ~ C6 3 phat biéu diing —> Dap anA 186 LE DANG KHUONG - NGUYEN XUAN TRUONGCHUONG 5: TONG HOP HOU Co Em Kim bai kiém tra duéi day d€ cling o6 kign thire nhé DE KIEM TRA Cau 1: Chon phat biéu sai, A, Glucozo thudc loai monosaccarit. B. Dipeptit khong cé phan tng mau biure voi Cu(OH)2. C.Este chi bj thily phan trong méi trvéng axit. D. Nhigu protein tan durgc trong nuréc tao thanh dung dich keo va bi dong ty khi dun néng. Cau 2: Cho cac phat biéu sau: (a) Khi thy phan cht béo luén thu dwoc C2Hy(OH)2. (b) Chat béo duge goi chung la triglixerit. (© Chat béo nhe hon nwéc, khOng tan trong muéc nhung tan nhiéu trong dung méi hiru co. (a) Saccarozo, tinh bét, fructozo Bu cé phan tng thy phan (©) Protein dugc tao béi nhidu géc a-aminoaxit ndi nhau bang lién két peptit (6) Peptit bj thay phan nhé xtic tac axit, ‘$6 phat biéu dung la A2. B.4. C3. DS. Cau 3: Cho cae dung dich: CcHsNHz, CHsNHz, NaQH va HzNCH2COOH. Trong cdc dung dich. trén, sé dung dich c6 thé lam déi mau phenolphtalein 1a A3. B.4. c.2. D5. Cau 4: Cho céc phat biéu sau: (4) Protein bi thiy phan Khi dun néng véi dung dich axit, dung djch bazo ho§e nhv xiic tac cia enzim. (2) Nhé vai giot dung dich axit nitric dic vio Sng nghiém dyng dung dich ling trang tring, {anbumin) thi c6 két tia vang. (3) Hemoglobin céia mau [a protein cé dang hinh cau. (4) Dung dich protein c6 phan tng mau biure (5) Protein 4éng tu khi cho axit, bazo vao ho&c dun néng. $6 phat biéu ding 1a. ALS5. B.4. C3. D2. Cau 5: Phat biéu sai la. A. Phan tng thay phan este no trong méi truéng axit 1a phan tng thuan nghich. B. Phan tg thay phan saccarozo trong méi truong axit la phan tng mét chiéu. C. Phan ting thily phan dipeptit trong méi trvdng baze la phan tng mot chi@u. D. Phan tg thy phan xenlutozo trong moi trirdng axit 14 phan tng thuan nghich. ‘CAu 6: Cho cdc phat biéu sau: (a) O nhigt dé thwong, Cu(OH)2 ¢6 thé tan trong dung dich fructozo. (b) Metylamin ia mét baze, dung dich cia né Jam quy tim chuyén mau xanh, (©) Khir glucozo bing hidro thu dhrgc sobitol, (4) 6 digu kign thudng, axit glutamic phan tng durgc voi dung dich NaOH. (©) Gly ~ Ala - Gly c6 phan tg mau biure voi Cu(OH)2 ‘86 phat biéu ding ka: A B.4 cs D.2 ‘CAu 7: Dung dich nao sau day ¢6 thé lam phenolphtalein 4éi mau? LE DANG KHUONG - NGUYEN XUAN TRUONG 187CHUONG S: TONG HOP HOU CO A, axit axetic, B. glyxin. C.anilin, D.metylamin, Cau 8: Trong phan tir chat nao sau day khong chia nguyén tir N A. axit glutamic. B.amilopectin. C. glyxin, Daanilin, CAu 9: Phat biéu nao sau day [a sai: A. Glucozo, fructozo, saccarozo déu phan tig v6i dung dich Cu(OH)2 tao phite mau xanh lam. B. Este dug tg dung lim xa phong, mi phéim, nuéc hoa, C. Saccarozo khi thiiy phan 6 axit v6 co xtc tac hoc enzim, tao ra glucozo va fructoze. D. Giéng nhw metylamin, anilin tan t6t trong nuée, Cau 10: Cho céc phat bidu sau: (@) Chit béo chita céc géc axit béo khdng no thudng la céc chat ran 6 nhiét dé thudng, (b) Dung dich giucozo’bj oxi héa béi Cu(OH)2 trong méi trudng kiém. (0 To nilon-6,6 1a sin ph4m cita phan tng triing ngung, (@ Phan ing thiy phan chat béo trong moi truéng kiém [a phan ting thuan nghich. (©) HiN-CHp-CHp-CONH-CH,-COOH la mét dipeptit. $6 phat bidu ding 1a AA B.2. C3, D5. DAP AN 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 c B c A D c D B D B HUONG DAN GIAI Cau a: Adiing (SGK 12 co’ ban - trang 20) Bdiing (SGK 12 co ban - trang 51) Csai vi este bi thily phan trong méi trudng axit va kiém, D ding (SGK 12 co ban - trang 52) + Dap an€ Cau 2: (@) sai vi khi thy phan chat béo ludn thu durge CsHe(OH)s (RCOO);CsHs + 3NaOH —\> 3RCOONa + CsHs(OH)s (b) ding (SGK 12 co ban ~ trang 8) (0) diing (SGK 12 co ban - trang 9) (@) sai vi fructozo khéng ¢6 phan ing thiy phan (6) ding (SGK 12 co ban - trang 52) (8 Gang (SGK 12 cor ban - trang 51) ~ C6 4 phat biéu ding ~ Dap anB Cau 3: * CoHsNH2 c6 tinh bazo rat yéu (yéu hon NHs) > kh6ng lam déi mau phenolphtalein ‘* CHsNEL la m6t amin, cé tinh bazo > Lm phenolphtalein 46i sang mau hang 188 LB DANG KHUONG - NGUYEN XUAN TRUONGCHUONG 5: TONG HOP HUU CO © NaOH 1a métbazo — lam phenolphtalein 4éi sang mau hdng © HeNCH2COOH 14 m6t amino axit 6 tinh Iwéng tinh > khéng lam 4éi mau phenolphtalein ~» C62 dung dich lam 46i mau phenolphtalein la CHsNHz, NaOH. — Dap an C cau 4: (1) itng vi tinh chat héa hoc atia protein (SGK 12 co ban - trang 53). (2) Ding vi tinh chat hod hgc ctia protein (SGK 12 nang cao - trang 73) (3) Diing vi cfu tao phan tir ctia protein (SGK 12 nang cao - trang 72) (4) Baing vi tinh chat héa hoc cia protein (SGK 12 co ban - trang 53). (5) Diing vi tinh chat vat If eila protein (SGK 12 corban - trang 53). $6 phat biéu diing la S = Dap an A caus: A diing (SGK 12 co ban - trang 5) B diing (SGK 12 co ban - trang 28) C ding (SGK 12 co ban - trang 51) D sai vi phan ting thiy phn xenlulozo trong mdi truéng axit la phan ding mét chiéu. (CoHy.0,), + BHO EM» nCyH,.0, Xenluloze glucozo > Dap an D Cau 6: (@) Ding vi 2CeHi20s + Cu(OH)z > (Celn10s)Cu +220 phtée xanh lam (b) Bing vi metylamin 6 tinh bazo + Iam quy tim chuyén mau xanh (SGK 12 co ban - trang 42) (Ding CH:OH[CHOH|\CHO + Hp > CH;OH[CHOH]).CH.OH sobitol (d) Bang vi amino axit c6 phan tg dung dich NaOH do c6 nhém chit - COOH HOOC[CH2]2CH(NH2)COOH + 2NaOH > NaOOC[CH:}:CH(NH2}COONa + 2H20 (6) Ding vi tripeptit phan mg mau biure tao phirc mau tim ~ C65 phat biéu ding — Dap an € cau 7: Asai vi axit axetic (CHsCOOH) cé tinh axit nén khong lam phenolphtalein 46i mau. B sai vi glyxin (NHz-CHz-COOH) ¢6 1 nhém chite amino (NH) va 1 nhém chite cacboxyl (COOH) nén kh6ng lam 46i mau phenolphtalein. C sai vianilin khdng lim 4éi mau phenolphtalein ( SGK 12 co’ban, trang 43) D ding vi metyiamin (CHsNHz) c6 tinh bazo nén lam dung dich phenolphtalein chuyén sangmau hing (SGK co ban 12, trang 43), > Dap an D LE DANG KHUONG - NGUYEN XUAN TRUONG 189CHUONG 5: TONG HOP HUU CO” Cau 8: Céng thiée phan tit cila cfc chat Ba: Axit glutamic: HOOCCH(NH2)[CH2]:COOH Amilopectin (thuc 1 dang cia tinh b6t): (CeHi00s)n Glyxin: HoNCH,COOH Anilin: CeHsNH2 ~ Hop chat khéng chia nguyén tir N trong phan te 1a amilopectin > Dap an B cau 9: A ding vi glucoze, fructozo, saccarozo’ cé nhigu nhém OH & vi tri lién ke nhau nén phan tng voi dung dich Cu(O#1)z tao phire mau xanh lam (SGK 12 co’ ban, trang 22). Bdiing (SGK 12 co’ ban, trang 6). C ding vi C,,H,,0,, +H,0 "5 C,H,,0, + CjH,,0, (SGK 12 cobain, trang 28). Saccarozo glucoze fructozo Dsai vi anilin khOng tan trong nw6c, chi tan tét trong dung méi khéng phan cye (SGK 12 co ban, trang 42) + Dap 4nD cau 10: {a) Sai vi khi trong phan tirc6 géc hidrocacbon kh6ng no, chat béo & trang thai long (SGK 12 co ban - trang 9) (b) Diing vi HOCH2{CHOH].CHO + 2Cu(OH)2 + NaOH —+ HOCH:{CHOH],COONa + Cur0deagsay + 3420 (9 Bing vi nHOOC~[CH,], ~COOH + nH,N -[CH, ], -NH,—"2 -€NH-[CH,], -NH-CO-[CH,}, -CO3_+2nH,0 (4) Sai vi phan tmg thiiy phan chat béo trong moi trudng kiém IA phan ting 1 chiéu (RCOO);CsHs + 3NaQH —"-> 3RCOONa + CsHs(OH)s (@) Sai vi HaN-CHa-CHz-CONH-CH;-COOH duge tgo thanh ti 2 amino axit 1A HaNCH2CH2COOH va HeNCH2COOH nhung HzNCH2CH2COOH khéng phai 1a camino axit ~» HaN-CHe-CHa-CONH-CHz-COOH khong phai |2 dipeptit > C6 2 phat bigu diing (b) va (¢) > Dap 4nB 190 LE DANG KHUONG - NGUYEN XUAN TRUONGCHUONG 5: TONG HOP HOU Co ¥ Chic mirng em da hoan thanh tét bai luyén tap téng hgp hituco Dw6i day la bai kiém tra téng hop DE KIEM TRA TONG HOP Cau 1: Cho day cdc chat: glucozo, vinyl acrylat, saccaroze, tinh bét, fructozo, metyl acrylat. S6 chat trong day tham gia phan img trang bac la Al. B.4. C2. D5. Caw 2: Anilin phan ing dugc v6i dung dich A. NaOH. B. NaCl C,NasCOs, D.Bre. Cau 3: Chat khong cé phan ting thily phan la A. glucozo. B. etyl axetat. C.Gly-Ala, D. saccarozo. Cau 4: Phat biéu nao sau day 1a ding vé amin A. O'diéu kién thudng, trimetylamin la chat rin. B. Nhiét 46 s6i tng dn theo chiéu ting ciia phan tir khéi, €. Cac amin thom Khéng bj oxi héa trong khong kh, D. Tribromanilin 1a chat lang mau trang. Cau 5: Chi ding Cu(OH), c6 thé phan biét duge tat ed cdc dung dich riéng biét sau A. Glucozo, long trang trimng, etyl axetat. B. Glucozo, mantozo, etyl axetat. C.Long trang trig, glucozo, fructozo. D. Saccarozo, glixerol, andehit axetic. Cau 6: Chat phan ting dege voi dung dich brom cho két tia 1a A. CoHisNHe, BNE. C. GoHSNH. D. CoHlsCl. (Cau 7: Phat biéu sai la A. Moi amin déu de. B, Protein la nhimg polipeptit cao phan tir cd phn tit khdi tir vai chue nghin dn vai triéu. .Khi cho dung dich long trang trimg vao Cu(OH); xuat hign phite mau vang. D. Amino axit la hop chat c6 tinh luong tinh, Cau 8: Cho day cae chit: glucozo, saccarozo, triolein, tinh bét, vinyl axetat. $6 chat tac dung dugc voi dung dich Bro la . AL, B.3. G4, DS Cau 9: Dé phan biét hai dung dich hai dipeptit (du mach ho}; Gly - Ala va Glu ~ Ala c6 thé ing thude thér 1a A. natri hidroxit. B. dong(ll) hidroxit, — C. axit clohidric. D. quy tim. Cau 10: C6 3 chat hu co: H2NCH2COOH, HCOOH, (CHs)2NH. Thudc thir dé nhan biét 3 chat hiru co trén Ia A. dung dich NaOH, B. dung dich HCl. C.quy tim, D.CH;OH/HCL. Cau 11: Thudc thir dugc diing dé phan bidt Ala-Gly-Ala v6i Met-Phe la A. dung djch NaOH. B. dung dich NaCl. C.Cu(OH)2 trong méi trudng kien. D. dung dich Hcl. LE DANG KHUONG - NGUYEN XUAN TRUONG 191CHUONG 5: TONG HOP HOU CO Cau 12: Cho cdc phat biéu sau (1) Bé phan biét anilin va metyl axetat ta ding dung dich NaOH. (2) Céc peptit déu bj thay phan trong mai truéng axit. (3) Céc amin chi thn tai 6 thé khf va long. (4) To xenlutozo axetat va to visco thudc loai to nhén tgo, (5) Lysin, axit glutamic, benzylamin au lam d6i mau quy tim. (6) Protein cé phan ting mau blure S6 phat bigu ding la AL. B.3. G4. DS. Cau 13: Cho cic dung dich: CHs-CHz-NHz, H2N-CH:-COOH, HeN~CH:-CH(NH:)-COOH, HOOC-CH2-CH.-CH(NH2)-COOH. Sé dung djch lam xanh gidy quy tim 1 AL. B.2. C3. D.4. Cau 14: Trong céc phat biéu sau, phat biéu nao sai? ‘A. Glucozo la hop chat hitu cortap chic. B.( digu kign thwdng metylamin la chat léng, lam quy tim héa dé. C. Etyl fomat tham gia phan img v6i AgNO,/NH D. Aminoanit la chat ran 6 diéu kign thwdng va d8 tan trong nw6e. Cau 15: Nhém céc chat cho tac dung dung dich AgNOs/NHs dv déu sinh ra két tha la A.CH2=CHCOOCHs, HCOOCHs, glucoze, fructoze. B. glucozo, fructoza, HCOOCeHs, saccarozo. C. fructozo, NH2-CHz-COOH, Cl-HsN-Ci:-COOH. D. glucozo, fructozo, HCOOCHs. Cau 16: Cho day cdc chat: etyl axetat, glyxin, anilin, metylamin. Sé chat tac dung duge véi dung djch NaOH 1a Al. B.2. C3, D4. Cau 17; Loai chat chi tac dung dugc véi dung djch HCI, khéng tac dung dugc véi dung dich NaOH 1a Aveste, B.amino axit, C.cachohidrat. D.amin, Cau 18: Day cac chat du phan teng duge voi dung dich brom la A. glucozo, axit fomic, tristearin, B. saccarozo, anilin, vinyl fomat.. €. glucozo, vinyl fomat, anilin. D, saccarozo, alanin, axit fo Cau 19: Két qua thi nghiém cita céc dung dich X, ¥, Z, T véi thude thir durge ghi 6 bang sau: Mau thir ‘Thude thir Hign twong X | Dung dich ly C6 mau xanh tim Y | CufOH)z trong mét tradng kgm CS mau tim Zz Dung djch AgNO, trong NHs du, dun néng | Két tia Ag trang sang T | NuécBre Kéttia tring Dung dich X, Y, Z, T lan lugt la: 192 LE DANG KHUONG - NGUYEN XUAN TRUONGCHUONG 5: TONG HOP HUU CO A. HB tinh b6t, anilin, long trang tring, glucoza. B. HO tinh bét, long trang trizng, anilin, glucozo. C. HO tinh bot, ldng trang tritng, glucozo, anilin. D. Long trang trémg, hd tinh bét, glucoze, anilin. Cau 20: Cho day céc chat: CioHa0: (Sacarozo), tinh bOt, GHsCOOCH=CHCHs, CHsCOOC(CHS)=CHl. $6 chat trong day khi thiy phan sinh ra sin phém tham gia doc phan ting trang bac la AL B.3. c2, D.4. DAP AN 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 D A B D A c B D ¢ ti | 12 | 13 | 14 | a5 | a6 | 17 | a8 | 19 | 20 Cc ¢ B B DB B D c ¢ B HUONG DAN GIA caul C62 chat trong day tham gia phan tg trang bac la: glucozo, fructozo ‘Trong méi trudng kiém fructozo chuyén héa thanh glucozo’e6 tham gia phan tng tréngbac: Fructozr <=> Glucozo’ CH,OH[CHOH], CHO + 2AgNO, + 3NH,+H,O—> CH,OH[CHOH], COONH, + 2Ag 4 + 2NH,NO, = Dap anc cau 2: Anilin phan img duegc v6i dung dich brom NH NH Br. Br O + 3Bry —+ lt 3HBr Br 2,4,6-tribromanilin > Dap an D cau 3: © Glucozo: CéHi20s (monosaccarit)> Khéng c6 phan ing thiy phan © Btylaxetat : CHsCOOCzHs CHsCOOCHs + Ho0 <2 CHACOOH + CHsOH + Gly-Ala: (4ipeptit} Gly- Ala + Hp0 <2 HNCH2COOH + CH:CH{(NH2)COOH LE DANG KHUONG - NGUYEN XUAN TRUONG 193CHUONG 5; TONG HOP HOU CO * Saccarozo: CiaH22011 (disaccarit} CraHa011 + H20 > CoHi20s + Coli06 Glucozo’—fructozo = Dap An A cau 4: Asai vi trimetylamin la chét khi 5 diéu kién thydng, (SGK 12 corban - trang 41) Bdiing vi (SGK 12 co ban ~ trang 41) C sai vi amin thom dan bj oxi héa trong khong khf tir khong mau thank mau den. (SGK 12 co’ban - trang 41) Dsai vi tribromanilin (2,4,6-tribromanilin) l& chat rfn mau trang. NH, NH, Br. Br + 3Br, + | + 3HBr Br 2,4,6-tribromanilin tring > Dap anB cau 5: Chi ding Cu(OH)s cé thé phan biét duge tat c& cde dung dich riéng bist: glucozo, ling trang trig, glixerol, ancol etylic Glucozo_[ Lingtrang trang | Etylaxetat Cu(OH)./NaOH, | Dungdjch | Mautimdae | Khong céhién diéukién trong | mauxanh trung tugng Khong cé hiéa t + dé gach * 5 ga mg Phuong trinh héa hoc: CH,OH[CHOH], CHO + 2Cu(OH), + NaOH —*> CH,OH[CHOH], COONa + Cu,01 +3H,0 (a6 gach) = Dap ana Cau 6: ‘Chat phan tng durge véi dung dich brom cho két tia la CoHlsNHz NH NH Br. Br + 3B, —+ | + SHBr Br 2,4,6-tribromanilin {mau trang) bap ana 194 LE BANG KHUONG - NGUYEN XUAN TRUONGCHUONG 5: TONG HOP HOU CO” cau 7: A ding vi (SGK 12 co ban - trang 41) B diing vi (SGK 12 co ban - trang 51) C sai vi Khi cho dung dich long trng trémg vio Cu(OH)2 xudt bign phite mau tim. (SGK 12 co ban - trang 51) D ding vi amino axit trong phan tir chtra nhém chiéc cacboxyl (COOH) va nhém chite amino (NHe) nén amino axit vira phan tng dugc v6i bazo, vira phan img duge voi axit, > Amino axit c6 tinh heéng tinh. Vay phat biéu C [a sai. > Bap an € cau 8: DE tac dung dwroc voi dung dich Bro, c4c chat cn phai cé nhom chite andehit (~CHO) hodc chtta lién két r trong phan tir, = Saccaroza, tinh bat khéng tac dung due voi dung dich Bro. = Glucoze, triolein, vinyl axetat tac dung duoc v6i dung dich Bro: HOCHe-[CHOH] -CHO + Brz + H20 + HOCH:-[CHOH]«-COOH + 2HBr (CH,[CH,], CH =CHICH,],C00),C,H, +3Br, — (CH,[CH, |, HBr ~BrCH[CH, },COO), C,H, CHsCOOCH=CHe + Br2 > CHsCOOCHBr-CH:Br $6 chit tac dung duc v6i dung dich Broa 3. > Dap an B Cau 9: pé phan biét hai dung dich hai dipeptit (48u mach hé): Gly-Ala va Glu-Ala c6 thé ding thudc tht l& quy tim vis © Gly-Ala: c6 1 nh6m NH, 1 nhém COOH ~ Ikhéng lam 4éi mau quy tim ‘© Glu-Ala: c6 2 nhém COOH, 1 nhém NH2~ Lam quy tim chuyén mau d6 > Dap an D Cau 10: ‘DE phan biét 3 chat trén chi cin diing quy tim vit ‘© HCOOH 1a métaxit yéu lam quy tim chuyén mau hong ‘* HANCH,COOH [a mét amino axit c6 s6 nhém N#z bang sé nhém COOH nén kh6ng lam quy tim di mau © (CHs)2NH 1a métamin fam quy tim chuyén mau xanh Asai vi NaOH déu tac dung véi CHsCOOH va HeNCH:COOH cho hién tugng nhu nhau. B sai vi HCI du tac dung voi ftzNCH2COOH va (CHs),NH cho hién tugng nhu nhau. D sai vi CHsOH/HCI du téc dung véi H2NCH2COOH va HCOOH cho hign trgng nhwe nhau = Dap an € cau 14: ‘Dé phan biét Ala-Gly-Ala voi Met-Phe diing Cu(OH)s trong méi teeéng kiém vi ‘> Ala-Gly-Ala la tripeptit cé phan ing mau biure véi Cu(OH)2 trong méi truong kim tao phite mau tfm dic trung, + Met-Phe la dipeptit > Kh6ng 6 phan img mau biure voi Cu(OH)2 trong mot trudng kien, > Dap an C LE DANG KHUONG - NGUYEN XUAN TRUONG 195CHUONG 5: TONG HOP HOU co’ Cau 12: (1) Bing vi ‘* _Anilin khong phan ting véi dung dich NaQH > dung dich phan lép + Metyl axetat phan tng v6i dung dich NaOH ~> dung dich dng nhat CHsCOOCHs + NaQH —“> CHsCOONa + CH:0H (2) Biing (SGK 12 co ban - trang $1) (8) Sai vi cdc amin tin tai 6 4 3 thé: kh, long, ran (4) Biing (SGK 12 co ban ~ trang 68) (5) Sai vi benzylamin khang lam déi mau quy tim (6) Ding (SGK 12 corban - trang 53) C6 4 phat biéu ding > Dap anc Cau 13: * CH-CH2-NHz: [a amin cé tinh bazo > Quy tim d6i mau xanh. + HoN-CH2-COOH: cé mét nhém chife NHe va mét nhém chite COOH ~ Quy tim khong 461 mau. ‘+ HeN-CH2~CH(NHz}-COOH: cé hai nh6m chtte NHe va mét nhém chiee COOH ~ Quy tim déi mau xan. oH .-CH(NHz)-COOH: c6 mot niném cite Nii: va hai nhém chite COOH + Quy tim d6i mau a3, ~ C6 2 dung dich lam quy tim @éi mau xanh. > Dap an B cau 14: A diing (SGK héa hoe 12 co ban - trang 22) B sai vi metylamin 1a chat khf & diéu kign thuéng va metylamin Jam quy tim ha xanh (SGK héa hoc 12 co ban ~ trang 41, 42) Cdting vi trong phan ti etyl fomat (HCOOC2H,) c6 chia nhém CHO nén cé phan tng vi AgNO,/NH, D diing (SGK héa hge co ban - trang 46) > Dap anB cau 1s: Asai vi CHz=CHCOOCH; khdng phan ting due voi AgNOa/NHs Bsal vi saccarozo khong phan ting dugc voi AgNOs/NHs. Cai vi NHo-CHz-COOH khéng phan ting dug voi AgNOs/NHs. Ding vi glucozo va HCOOCHs cé nhém chiéc (CHO) nén ¢6 phan ting tring bac Fructozo trong mdi trwong bazo chuyén thanh glucozo Fructoze <=> Glucoza ~ Fructozo’cé phan tng trang bac: CH,OH[CHOH], CHO + 2AgNO, + 3NH,+H,0—> ~> CH,OH[CHOH], COONH, + 24g) + 2NHNO, HCOOCHs + 2AgNOs +3NH: +H:0 > CHsOCOONH, + 2Agl + 2NH,NO3 ~ Dap AnD 196 LE DANG KHUONG - NGUYEN XUAN TRUONGCHUONG 5: TONG HOP HOU co cau 16: Ety! axetat: CH;COOC:Hs Glyxin: HzNCH2COOH, Anilin: CéHsNHz Metylamin: CH3NHe > C6 2 chat téc dung duge véi dung dich NaOH la: CHsCOOCzHs, HzNCH:COOH Cac phurong trinh héa hoc: CHsCOOCzHs + NaOH > CHsCOONa + CoHsOH HaNCH2COOH + NaOH — HzNCH2COONa + H20 > Dap anB cau a7: Amin : ¢6 tinh bazo = chi phan teng duge véi dung dick HCL Amino axit : hyp chat lwong tinh > phan ing dugc voi dung dich HCI va NaOH Cacbohidrat : “ Monosaccarit: khéng phan tng duge v6i dung djch HCl va NaOH ‘© Disaccarit, polisaccarit: thiy phan trong mai trubng axit Este : chi phan ng duoc v6i dung dich NaOH ~ Loai chat c6 tinh bazo chi téc dung duoc voi dung dich HCl, khéng téc dung dure vi dung dich NaOH la amin > Dap anD cau 18: Cac chat déu phan tmg dwoc voi dung dich brom la: glucozo, vinyl fomat, anilin, axit fomic. CH,OH[CHOH]:CHO + Bro + HeO > CH2OH[CHOH]COOH + 2HBr HCOOCH=CH; + Br. > HCOOCHBr ~ CH2Br NH, NH Br. Br + 3Br. + \ + 3HBr Br 2.4,6-tribromanilin HCOOH + Brz> C02 + 2HBr > Dap anc Cau 19: * X phan ting v6i le c6 mau xanh tim > X 1a hb tinh bot © Yphan tg véi Cu(OH)2 trong moi trang kiém c6 mau tim — ¥ 1a long trang tréng © Ztéc dung voi AgNOs/NHs du, dun néng c6 két tia Ag —> Za glucoza CH,OH[CHOH], CHO + 2AgNO, + 3NH, +H,O—"> > CH,OH[CHOH], COONH, + 2Agy + 2NH,NO, © T phan Ging v6i nuéc brom tgo két tha trang + T la anilin LE DANG KHUONG - NGUYEN XUAN TRUONG 197CHUONG 5: TONG HOP HU CO NH NH, Br. Br + 3Br, + \ + 3HBr Br 2.4,6-tribromanilin, > Dap an Cau 20: Phan tng thily phan cdc chat: CizHa20n + HO E> CoHi20s + Colla2s, glucozo fructozo (Cellio05)n + n20 E> nCHi20s glucozr CcHsCOOCH=CHCHs + H20 <=> CoHsCOONa + CHsCH2CHO CHsCOOC(CH:)=CH2 + H.0 72> CHaCOONa + CHsCOCH: Cac chat tham gia phan tng trang bac la: glucozo, fructozg, CHsCHeCHO CH,CH, —CHO + 2AgNO,+ 3NH, + H,0—>CH,CH,COONH, + 2NH,NO,+2Ag+ Fructozo <== Glucoze CH,OH[CHOH], CHO + 2AgNO, + 3NH, +H,0-—> > CH,OH[CHOH], COONH, + 24g 1 + 2NH,NO, > Dap 4nB 198 LE BANG KHUONG - NGUYEN XUAN TRUGNGCHUONG 6: DAI CUONG VE KIM LOA! CHU’ONG 6: DAI CUONG VE KIM LOAI vn 9n Hepa HoTO : onusgsdapoe, tives aie rears aie taal ata at file> MeO AO LM Ht afer ‘asym ym { 24 Sep ony Nesp Suqu Hedaya cope Ng eye WG 0g ag ely Goo + oe ano Wh) + (029 a0gsen yuo LE 5g 0 gown) Ue + = yee apna oy IN 24 WDD Candee DV HCH HO | a LE DANG KHUONG - NGUYEN XUAN TRUONGCHUONG 6: DAI CUONG VE KIM LOAI Sinan for orate store | 9 ofp Sag (oveg nw) ih =e agra yl 309 UR ho iptinp wpds5g pede Ae Supa pad iia TURD MSRM of ALO WH vorscwasntes “wh rs way oe WO OAP HL A up a ‘prec s-nene tPA ‘Was gH ep AE Rua ‘preven ‘oan tat toa ew ep yr aR) gnu AIGC HEME AAG | pane OOS MTR TFs ep oon red nig ong yoga ae ! seen ea aguas HH Lio uaa 9p Sop upg go uaa ‘water Va 2¢- 00) Bump ao, pile Sou vg wnp ep Bua AA ‘spoof 02 ‘08 . me aR ap ams com 45) See S99 rey arate Dmoke House 22+ 0He ‘pe? WEN 28 MENU FAD} 9 Lip 3g meter iG | i} ‘Hoa +) re | { | | tieD< ~ ale a Ag> Al> Cu> Sn... Nguyén nhan: Nho hyc hit tinh dign ciia cdc electron tw do véi céc cation kim loai trong mang tinh thé nén céc cation kim loai cé thé trugt lén nhau ma lién két khong bi pha vo. hh dn dign: Ag > Cu> Au> Al> Fe Nguyén nbn: Do céc electron tyr do cé thé chuyén déi thanh dong cé huréng dudi tac dung cia dién trudng, ‘Tinh dan nhiét: Ag > Cu> Al> Fe... Nguyén nhan: Do cc electron ty do & ving nhiét &6 cao c6é dong nang lén hon chuyén dong dén ving c6 nhiét d6 thép hon cia kim loai va truyén n&ng long cho cdc ion dwong 6 day. Nguyén nhan: Do cdc electron ty do cé kha nang phan xa anh séng nhin thay duoc. Bch > Nhifng tinh chat vat ly chung ctia kim loai chii yéu do céc electron ty do trong kim loai gay ra. > Khi nhiét d6 tang, tinh dan din va din nhiét cia kim loai giam, do electron chuyn d6ng nhanh hon, khé dinh hwéng va ion duong hoat déng manh hon can tré, © ‘Tinh chat vatly riéng Y Khéi hrong riéng: Nhimng kim loai khée nhau c6 khdi lwong riéng khdc nhau. Li c6 kh6i lurgng riéng nhé nhat (d = 0,5 g/cm?). 0s cé khéi Iugng riéng Is nhat (d= 22,6 g/cm?) Y Nhiétd6 néng chay: Nhting kim loai khac nhau c6 nhiét &6 néng chy khae nhau. Hg c6 nhiét d6 néng chay thép (-39°C). W cé nbiét 46 néng chay cao (3410°C) Y Tinh cing: NhGng kim loai khac nhau cé tinh cting rat khac nhau. Néu chia d6 cing cia chat rén thanh 10 bac va quy woe a6 cig cia kim cuong 1a 10, ta c6: ‘DG cing clia Crom lén nat (bang 9). LB BANG KHUONG - NGUYEN XUAN TRUONG 201CHU'ONG 6: DAI CUONG VE KIM LOA} DO cig ca Cesi nhé nhat (bing 0,2). Nguyén nhan: M@t s6 tinh chat vat ly cia kim logi nhu khéi hrong riéng, nhiét 46 néng chay, tinh cig phu thuge vao 46 ban cia lién két kim loai, nguyén ti khdi, kkiéu mang tinh thé... cha kim loai. 2. Tinh chat héa hoc ‘Tinh chat héa hoc chung cia kim loai la tinh khik: M —> M" + ne ¥ Técdung v6i phi kim > Hau hét cdc kim loai (trie Au, Ag, Pt) + 02> Oxit 3Fe +20; “> Fes0, (Fe0.Fe20s) 2Mg + Oz —"» 2Mgo > Tac dung voi luu huynh, Khi dun néng, S téc dung voi nhigu kim loaf (trir Au, Pt). Riéng déi voi thiy ngan, hru huynh phan tng & diéu kign thudng. Fe+S “> Fes Hg +S HgS > Téc dung véi halogen: Cu+ Ch —*> CuCl 2Fe + 3Cl: "> 2FeCls 2Fe + 3Br2 “> 2FeBrs Chui y: Fe + lz —"> Fel, Tac dung voi axit > Voi dung dich HCl va dung djch H2S0, loang K, Na, Ba, Ca, Mg, Al, Zn, Fe, Ni, Sn, Pb, H, Cu, Hg, Ag, Pt, Au Kim loai truéc H + axit > Hzt + muGi (kim loai c6 mite oxi héa thdp) Fe + 2HCl->FeCh + Hat Mg + HzSO4 > MgSO4 + Hat > VOi HaSO, dc néng va HNO; + hau hét kim loai (trix Au, Pt) > mudi (kim loai 6 mike oxi héa cao) va tao ra san pha khit + H20 No, (HNOs ae) 2 NO (HNOs rots) Neo KL + HNOs + mudi (KL cé s6 oxi héa cao) + +120 Ne 3 (AL Zn, kim loai kiém, kiém thé) + HNOspeieg > | NH,NO, Fe + 6HNO,,, —“-» Fe(NO,), + 3NO, T+ 3H,0 202 LR DANG KHUONG - NGUYEN XUAN TRUONGCHU‘ONG 6: DAI CU’'ONG VE KIM LOAL 3Cu + 8HNOs(y> 3Cu(NOs)2 + 2NOT +4120 4Zn + 10HINOs q) + 4Zn(NOs)2 + NHsNOs + 3420 SO, @ KL + H,SO, ,,. >mu6i (kim loai c6 s6 oxi héacao)+ 4S + H,O aie 2 HS 2Fe + 6412804 ng Fe,(S0,), + 38027 + 6H20 > HNOs, HzS0, dc ngudi: Fe, AL Cr... thy dOng (khong phan trng) Y Tac dung voi nude > Voi céc kim loai o6 tinh khir manh (cdc kim loai nh6m 1A, IIA tri Be, Mg) tic dung v6i nuéc & digu kién throng tao hidroxit va khf He 2Na + 2He0 > 2NaQH + Ht Ba + 2H,0 + Ba(OH)2 + Het > Véi cic kim loai cé tinh khir trung binh téc dung véi née & mhigt d6 cao thu urge oxit bazo va khi Ha 3Fe + 4H.0 25 Fes04 + 4haT Fe+H20 “23785 FeO + Hat > Voi kim loai cé tinh khir yéu nhw Cu, Ag, Hg... khéng phan ting voi H20, dit & mhigt d9 cao, VY Tc dung voi dung dich mudi (véi cdc kim loai tir Mg tré di trong day dién héa) Kim loai manh hon cé thé hit duoc ion cia kim loai yéu hon trong dung dich mudi tao thanh kim loai tw do, Fe + CuSO; FeSO, + Cul cue + 28gNOs ~ Cu(NOs)2 + 2Agl hhém IA, TIA (trir Be va Mg) vao cc dung dich mudi thi trwéc tién xay ra phan tng ciia kim loai véi nuéc tao thanh hidroxit, sau dé hidroxit méi phan tmg voi dung dich mudi Vi du: Khi cho Na vio dung djch CuSO,, céc phan ting xy ra nbu sau: 2Na+ 220 > 2NaOH + Hot 2NaOH + CuSO, > NazS0s + Cu(OH)at % Day dién hoa Em hay hgc thugc long day dién hoa ciia kim loai duéi day, chiing rat hitu ich trong qu trinh lam bai tép cita em & chong nay va cdc chuong sau. Tinhoxihéayéu ‘Tinh oxihéactiaion tang Tinh oxi héa man KO Na" Mg? al Zn? Fe®* Ni? Sn@% Pb? 2H" cu? Fe®*agt +——-+-—__+-—_ + ++ +-_ + _}—_ + 4+ 1 K Na Mg Al Zn Fe Ni Sn Pb Hz Cu Fe**ag Tinh khir manh Tinh khir cita kim loaigiam-> Tinh hiryéu LE DANG KHUONG - NGUYEN XUAN TRUONG 203CHUONG 6: BAI CU'ONG VE KIM LOAI Quy tac a: Chat khir manh phan tg v6i chat oxi héa manh tao thanh chat khir va chat oxi héa yéu hon. Chat oxi héa yéu, Chat oxi héa manh Chat khtr man Chat khtr yeu Vi dy 1: Xét phan dng: Fe + Cue > Dura vao day dign héa va quy tdc anpha ta c6: Chat oxi héa yéu Chat oxi héa manh Fe" cu Chat kh manh_ Chat khir yéu Phuong trinh héa hoc cia phan tng: Fe + Cut > Fe + Cub Vi du 2: Cac phan teng thong xuyén thi THPT quéc gia Ke +Cu-—— 2Fe* + Cu Zn+2Fe* ——>Zn™* +2Fe™ 2Fe™ +Fe—>3Fe* Zn+Fe* —3Zn™ +Fel Ag’ +Fe* —>Fe™+Agl 2Ag* +Fe,, > Fe +2Agt 3. An mén kim loai ¥ Sw n mén kim loai: La sy pha huy kim foai hoc hop kim do tac dung cita cdc chat trong méi trwéng xung quanh. Bé ! mOt qua trink héa hoc hodc qua trinh ign h6a trong dé kim loai bi oxi héa thanh ion dueng, M—>M™ +ne ¥ Cac dang An man kim loai > An mon héa hoc: La qué trinh oxi hod - Khir trong a6 cc electron cita kim loai duc chuyén truc tigp dén cdc chat trong mol truéng, > An mon dién héa hoc: La qué trinh oxi hoa - khir, trong a6 kim loai bi &n mon do tac dung cita dung djch chat dién li va tgo nén dong electron chuyén doi tir cuc am dén cure dong + Digu kién dé xay ra an mon din héa hoc © Cac dign cyc khdc nhau vé ban chat @ Cac dign cyc tiép xiic tryc tip hoe gidn tiép @ Cac dign cuc cling tiép xtc voi dung dich dién li Thigu 1 trong 3 diéu kién trén sé khOng xay ra an mon dién héa hoc. 204 LE DANG KHUONG - NGUYEN XUAN TRUONGCHUONG 6: DAI CUONG VE KIM LOAL Xét2 thi nghiém sau: "TN 4: Nhing thanh Zn va thanh Cu (khong tigp xile v6i nhau) vao céc dyng dung dich H,80¢ loang cu "dd 4,50, IN 2: Nhang thanh Zn vi Cu (ndi véi nhau bang day dan) vao céc dung dung dich FASO, long "dd H,50, Hign twong: Bot khi Hz thodt ra trén bE méatthanh Zn. Hign twong: Bot khf thodt ra trén b8 mat thanh Cu, than Zn bj an mon nhanh hon, Gidi thich: Thanh Zn, Cu cing nhiing vio dung dich dign li nhung kh6ng tiép xiic voi nhau (théa man 2 diéu kign cia an mon ign héa ho) ~ Xéy ra an mon héa hoc. Phuong trinh héa hoc xay Zn + 2H Zn + Het Giai thich: Thanh Zn va Cu duge nhting trong cing mt dung dich chat dién li va tiép xtc gién tép véi nhau qua day dan (thda man 3 di’u kign cia an mén dign héa hoc) > Xay ran man dign héa hoc trong 46 Zn déng vat trd La cyc am, Cu la eye duvong. Tal cue Am: Zn > Zn? + 2e ‘Tai cwe dong: 2H* + 2e> Hat Phuong trink héa hoc xdy ra: Zn + 2H > Zn + Hat Vidy: Xét 4 thi nghiém sau: TN 4: Binh s4t ning trong dung dich HCL. ‘TN 2: Dinh st nhuing trong dung djch CuSO,. ‘TN 3: Dinh st nhuing trong dung dich FeCls. LE DANG KHUONG - NGUYEN XUAN TRUONG u804 205CHUNG 6: DAI CUONG VE KIM LOAI TIN 4: Dinh sdt nhiing trong dung dich HCl va cé nhé thém dung djch CuCh. Qué trinh xay ra tai cdc thf nghiém ‘TN 1: Phuong trinh héa hoc: Fe + 2HCI > FeCl, + Hot Bay la qua trinh an mn héa hoc wi chi cé mat ‘TN 2: Phuong trinh héa hoc: Fe + CuSOs > FeSO, + Cul Bay 1a qua trinh an mon dign héa hoc vi Fe va Cu sinh ra tgo thanh 2 dién cue, tiép atic truc tigp véi nhau va cing tiép xtc voi dung dich dién Vi CuSO, (théa man 3 didu kign cita An mon dién héa hoc). ‘TN 3: Phuong trinh héa hoc: Fe + 2FeCl; > 3FeCh, ay la qué trinh an mon héa hgc vi chi c6 mot dign cye. ‘TN 4: Phuong trinh héa hoc: Fe + 2HCI— FeClz + Het Fe + CuCl, > FeCl + Cul ‘Day 1A qué trinh &n mon dién héa hoc vi Fe va Cu sinh ra tgo thanh 2 dign cue, tiép xtc truc tiép voi nhau va cing tigp xie voi dung dich aign i HCI (théa man 3 diéu kién clia an man dién hoa hoc). ‘Téc d6 thodt khi 6 TN 4 nhanh hon & TN 1. + Bio vé kim loai ‘© Phuong phap bao vé b8 mat: son, ma, bdi dau mG,... @ Phuong phép dién héa: ding kim loai ¢6 tinh kh manh hon lam vat hi sinh. Vi du: Ding Zn bao vé Fe. 4. Diéu ché kim loai Y Nguyén téc diéu ché kim loai: ‘Thyc hién phan tmg khit ion kim loai thanh kim loai tu do: M +ne 3M Phuong phap digu ché kirn foal K, Na, Ca, Mg Al Zn, Fe, Ni, Sn, Pb, Cu, Hg, Ag, Pt Au Dign phan néngehdy ign phan Y ign phaa dung dich (mudi,bazo) ——_ndng chay oxit Y Nhigt luyén ¥ Thay luyén 206 LE DANG KHUONG - NGUYEN XUAN TRUONGCHUONG 6: DAI CUONG VE KIM LOAL > Phuong phdp thiy luyén (phuong phép wot): + Co sé cia phwong phap: Ding nhéng dung dich thich hop, nh dung dich H,SOz, NaOH, NaCN,.. dé hoa tan kim logi hoe hyp chat ctia kim logi va tach phan kh6ng tan c6 trong quing, Sau 46 céc ion kim loai trong dung dich duc kkhtt bang kim loai c6 tinh khir manh hon nhw Fe, Zn,.. > Ung dung: Ding éé diéu ché nhiing kim loai cé tinh khiryéu nhu Cu, Hg, Ag, Au... 4 Vi dy: Ding Fe 48 kh Cu2* trong dung djch mudi ding Fe + Cut+ > Fe + Cut > Phuong phép nhiét luyén + Co sé cia phwong phdp: Khir nhiing ion kim loai trong céc hyp chat 6 nhiét 9 cao bing cdc chat Khir manh nhw C, CO, Hz hoac céc kim loai hoat dng. + Ung dung; Ding dé diu ché cdc kim loai cé 46 hoat dong trung binh nhw: Zn, Fe, Sn, Pb,... Vidu: PbO +CO —"-> Pb +COzt Fe203 + 3H2 > 2Fe + 3H20 Cre05 + 2AL 2 2Cr-+ AlzO5 > Phuong phép ign phan © Sy dign phan 1a qué trinh oxi hod - Khir xay ra 6 trén b8 mat cdc dién cyte Khi cb dong dign mot chi8u di qua chat dién li néng chay hodc dung dich chat dién Ii. © Qué trinh xy ra tal cde dign cwe ‘Trong qué trinh dign phan, dw6i tac dung cia dign trudng, céc cation chuyén vé phfa cy Am (catot), cdc anion chuyén v8 dign cyc duvong (anot), tai a6 xay ra phan ‘ing trén cac dién cue (su phéng dién) + Tai catot (ce dm - K) xay ra sy oxi héa. + Tai anot (eye duong - A) xdy ra sw kchit, @ Dign phan néng chay Trong thye t8, nguéi ta thudng tién hanh dién phan nhimg hop chat (muét, azo, oxit) néng chay ctia cdc kim loai cé tinh kde manh nhuw Li, Na, K, Ba, Mg, Al. % Dign phan néng chay mudi (chit yéu 1a mudi clorua cia kim loai ki8m, kim thé). Céng thite cia mudi MCI, (11a héa tri cita M).. 2MCl, —2=> 2M + nCli Vi du: Dign phan néng chay NaCl cé thé biéu din bang so 4: Catot (-) «© NaCl > — Anot (+) 2Na’ +2e—>2Na 2cr Cl, +2e LE DANG KHUONG - NGUYEN XUAN TRUONG, 207CHUONG 6: DAI CU'ONG VE KIM LOAT j}— Na Na néng chay NaCl néng chay Catot bang thép Catot bang thép Laréi thép hinh try Anot bing than chi Phuong trinh dién phan: 2NaCl —"-» 2Na + Cl2 + Dign phan n6ng chay hidroxit M(OH)s (M [a kim Loai kiérn, kim th6) 4M(OH}, —*> 4M + 2nH20 + nOzt Vi dy: Dién phan néng chy NaOH c6 thé biéu dign bing so dd: Catot(-} NaOH > Anot (+) Na’ +e Na 40H” ->2H,0 + 0, + 4e Phuong trink dién phan: 4NaOH —*-» 4NNa +02 +2420 ¥ Dign phan néng chay ALO3 Dién phan nong chay Alz0s 6 thé biéu dién bing so dd: Catot (-) < ALO, -> — Anot(+) AI* +3e > Al 20° + 0, + 4e Phuong trinh dién phan: 2Al0z —22—> 4A1+ 302 Bi chi y: Cac phan ting phy thong xay ra: 2C +02 —"» 2c0 C40; “> CO, 208 LE DANG KHUONG - NGUYEN XUAN TRUONGCHUONG 6: BA CUONG VE KIM Loar + Dién phan dung dich chat dién I Tai catot (cy am) Tai anot (cyc dwong) Thé ty dién phan theo chiéu tinh [Thirty dién phan oxi héa gidm dan Sh oP ocr >H,0 Vidu: Ag’ >Fe >Cu* >H* > Fe Phuong trinh dién phan: Phuong trinh dién phan: Mv + ne >M S? 38 +20 24 (axit) + 2e > He 2X" ->X, 420 2420 + 2e > Hz + 20H: 280 +0, +48" + 40 Cac ion ty Kt dn AI trong day | Céc anion gdc axit cd chita oxi nhw dién héa khong bj Khit. NO;, SO}, POY, CO}... khong bi oxi héa. Vi du: ign phan dung dich CuSO voi cdc dign cyc tro Qué trinh xay ra tal cde dign ce: Catot (-) © CuS0,,H,0 > Anot (+) Cut, H,0 SO}, H,0 Cu + 2e Cu 2H,0 -» 0, + 4H" +4e Phuong trinh dign phan: 2CuSO, + 2H20 —H8-> 2Cu +02 + 2HzS04 Hink: Bién phan dung dich CuSO, v6i dign cyre graphit Chai y: Néu khi dign phan khéng ding cdc anot tro nhw graphit, platin (Pt) ma diing céc kim loai nhw Ni, Cu, Ag,... thi céc kim logi nay dé bi oxi héa hon céc anion. Do dé ching tan vao dung dich (anot tan). Vi du: Dién phan dung dich CuSO, véi anot ding LE DANG KHUONG - NGUYEN XUAN TRUONG 209CHUONG 6: DAI CUONG VE KIM LOAI + Hign twong: Khi dign phan dung dich CuSO, véi anot bing mét doan day ding manh, sau mét thai gian dién phan, doan day dong nhiing trong dung dich CuSO. bi tan hét va c6 kim loal dng bam trén b8 mat catot + Gial thich: Tai catot (cc am) Tai anot (cwc dwong) CuP* ay + 2e > Cue Cu cg Cur aay + 2e > Cu bam trén bé mit catot > Anot din bj héa tan Phuong trinh dién phan: + Cu eg) = —— Cu” (eat Cay Catot 1 bong bam _= bea eatat Aaot sol day dng acaso, Hinh; Thi nghiém dién phan dung dich CuSO, v6i dién cyre bing Cu Y Dinh lugt Faraday Cong the cia dah uae Faraday: m= AE ‘rong dé: m: Khéi long chit thu duge & dign eye (tinh bang gam) A: Khdi long mol nguyén tir cia chat thu dugc & din ey. 1; $6 electron ma nguyén tir hoac ion @a cho ho&c nhan, 1: Cuong a6 dong dign, tinh bing ampe (A). ‘Tho’ gian dién phan (tinh bang giay). F: Hang sé Faraday (F = 96500 culong/mol) It & hii ¥: $6 mol electron cho, nhan & eae dign eye: ny = = ml 210 LE DANG KHUONG - NGUYEN XUAN TRUONG.CHUONG 6: DAI CUONG VE KIM LOAt CAC DANG BAL TAP L¥ THUYET DANG 1: Tinh chat vat ly Nam ving tinh chat vat ly ciia kim loai nhw tinh déo, tinh dan dién, din nhiét, Anh kim, nhiét 46 néng chay, khéi luong riéng, tinh cétng. BAt Tap MAU 23 Coban Cau 1: Tinh chat vatly chung cia kim loai la Actinh cig, tinh dn nhiét, tinh dan dign, anh kim. 8. tinh déo, tinh dan nhiét, tinh dan dién, anh kim C.tinh cimg, tinh dan dign, tinh dn nbiét. D. tinh dn nhiét, tinh dn dién, anh kim. Hwéng dan gia Tinh chét vat IY chung cita kim loai Ia tinh déo, tinh dan nhiét, tinh dan dign va Anh kim (SGK12-co ban - trang84), > Dap anB Cau 2. Kim loai cé kh6i lwong riéng nhé nhat la Aci. B.Be, Gal, D.Os. Huéng dan giai Kim loai c6 khdi lgng riéng nhé nhét la Li (0,5 g/cm?) (SGK 12 co ban - trang 84). > Bap ind CAU 3. Kim loai c6 nhigt 49 néng chy thap nhat la A.Na, Bw. GHg. Deca. Hwéng dan giai Kim loai c6 nbiét 4 néng chay thp nhat la Hg (-39°C) (SGK 12 co ban ~ trang 84). ~ Dap an€ Cau 4. Khi nhiét d6 ting, do dan dién cla cdc kim loai thay déi theo chiéu A.ting, B. giam. ©. khong thay adi. D. tang roi giam. Huéng dan giai Khi nhigt a6 ting, d6 din dién cita céc kim loai gidm do electron chuyén dng nhanh hon, khé dinh huéng va ion durong hoat déng manh hon en tro (SGK 12co bin-trang84}, > Dap an B Cau S. Trong tat ca cc kim loai sau day, kim loai nao dan dién tét nhat? A-Au, B.Ag. Ccu DAL Hwéng dan giai Kim logi dan dign tt nhat Ia Ag (SGK 12 co ban - trang 84) > Pap an B Cau 6, Trong tét cd cdc kim loai sau day, kim loai nao c6 nhiét 46 néng chay cao nhat? A-Vonfam. B. Dong. C sat. D. Kem. LE DANG KHUONG - NGUYEN XUAN TRUONG 211CHUONG 6: DAT CUONG VE KIM LOAI Hwong dan giai Kim loai c6 nbigt dé néng chy cao nhat la vonfam (SGK 12 co'ban - trang 84). Dap ana Cau 7, Trong tat cd céc kim loai sau day, kim loai nao déo nhat? A. Dang (Cu). B, Nhom (Al). ©. Bac (Ag). D. Vang (Au). Hwéng dan giai Kim logi déo nhat Ia vang (SGK 12 co ban - trang 83). — Dap an D v Van dung Cau 8. Nhig tinh chat vat ly chung cla kim loai nhu (tinh déo, tinh dan nhiét, tinh dain dién, nh kim chi yéu la do A. nguyén tir khéi kim loai, B. cdu tric mang tinh thé kim loai. C. tinh khit cita kim loai. D. céc electron tur do trong kim loai gay ra. Hwéng dan giai Tinh chat vat ly chung ciia kim loai gay nén béi sy cé mat ciia cdc electron ty do trong mang tinh thé kim loai (SGK 12 co ban - trang 84). > Dap nD Cau 9. Tinh chat vat ly nao sau day cla cc kim loai khéng phai do cic electron ty do gay ra? A. Tinh cimg B. Tinh déo . Tinh dan dién va din nhige D. Tinh Anh kim Huwéng dan giai ‘Tinh cing phy thudc vio kiéu lién két trong mang tinh thé kim loa, > Dapdn A Cau 10. Hau hét kim logi du cé anh kim vi A. cic ion durong trong kim loai hap thy tét nhing tia sang c6 buéc song ma mat ta c6 thé nhin thay dug. B. kim loai cé edu tréic mang tinh thé nén rat dé hap thy cdc tia sang, ©. cdc electron ty do trong kim loai da phan xa tot nhiing tia séng cé bude song ma mat ta nhin thay duge. D. tinh thé kim logi da s6 6 thé rén, c6 hinh thé déng nhat nén phan xa tét cdc tia sang Gu t6i tao vé sng lap lanh. Huéng dan gidi Céc electron ty do trong mang tinh thé kim loai phan xa hau hét nhing tia sing ta nhin thay duge, do dé kim logi cé vé sénglap lénh goi l& anh kim (SGK 12 co ban - trang 84). Dap an BAI TAP TY LUYEN Cau 1. 6 digu kign thudng, kim loai c6 46 cing lon nhat la AAg. B.Fe, Ger, D. Au. (Cau 2. Kim logi duge ding lam 48 trang strc vi c6 Anh kim rat dep, dé la cdc kim loai A. Ag, Cu. B. Au, Ag. C. Au, Al. D. Ag, Al. Cau 3: X 1a mGt kim logi ning, mau dé, dug ting dung rong rai trong doi séng. X18 A.C. B. Fe, Cag. D. Al, ‘Cau 4: Cho cdc kim loai sau : Cu, Au, Al, Fe. Kim loai cé 46 dan nhiét kém nhat 1a Accu B. Au. GAL D. Fe. 212 LE DANG KHUONG - NGUYEN XUAN TRUONG:CHUNG 6: DAT CU'ONG VE KIM LOAI (Cau 5: Cho cac kim loai: Al, Au, Ag, Cu. Kim loai déo nhat, dé dat méng nhét la A.AL B. Ag. Cau D.Cu. Cau 6: Cho céc kim loai: Cu, Ag, Fe, Al va Au. DO din dign cita chéing gidm din theo thé ty A. Ag, Cu, Au, Al, Fe. B. Ag, Cu, Fe, Al, Au. C. Au, Ag Cu, Fe, Al D. Al, Fe, Cu, Ag, Au. Cau 7: Trude day, ngudi ta thuong diing nhiing tam guong soi bang Cu vi Cula kim loai A. cé tinh do. B. c6 tinh dan nbigt tot. C. c6 kha nang phan xq Anh sang t6t. D. kém hoat dong, c6 tinh kh yéu. Cau 8: Kim loai khac nhau 06 d9 dn dign khac nhau, Sy khac nhau d6 duge quyét djnh bot A. kh6i lugng riéng khdc nhau. B. kigu mang tinh thé khac nhau. C. mat d@ electron ty do khéc nhau. D. mat d@ ion duong khéc nhau, Cau 9. Day so sénh tinh chat vat If ctia kim loai nao dw6i day khong ding? A. Khd ning din dign Ag> Cu> Fe> Al. B. Khdi luong riéng cha Li < Fe < Os. C. Nhigt d néng chay cia Hg < Al Fe> Cs. Cau 10: Trong cdc phat biéu sau: (1) Cac kim loai chi cé 1, 3 electron & 1ép ngoai chng. (2) Tat ca cdc nguyén t6 nhom B déu la kim logi (3) O diéu kign thong cdc kim loai chi ton tai é trang thai rn, Nhiing phat biéu ding 1a A. Chic6 (1). B. Chicé (2). ©. Chi c6 (3). D. C4 (1) va (2). pAP AN T z 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 c B A D Cc A c c A B HUONG DAN GIAI cau: Trong cdc kim logi trén, kim loai c6 dé cig lon nhét la Cr (SGK 12 - cor ban - trang 84). > Dap an ¢ cau 2: Au, Ag dugc ding Lim 4% trang ste Dap an B cau3: Cua mOtkim loai nang, mau 46, dugc tg dung rng rai trong ddi song Dap dn A cau 4: ‘Trong cdc kim loai trén, kim loai cé d6 dan dign kém nhat la Fe (SGK 12 - co ban — trang 84) > Dap anD cau 5: Trong céc kim loai trén, kim logi déo nhat, dé dat méng nhat la Au (SGK 12 - corbin - trang 84) Dap anc LB DANG KHUONG - NGUYEN XUAN TRUONG 213CHUONG 6: DAI CUONG VE KIM LOAI Cau 6: Trong céc kim loai trén, 46 dan dién cia céc kim loai giém dan theo thir tu: Ag> Cu>Au>Al> Fe (SGK 12 - co ban ~ trang 84) > Dap an A cau 7: Do Cu cé tinh anh kim nén cé kha nang phan xa 4nh sang tot nén dng Cu dé lam guong soi + Dap anc cau 8: Do mat d@ electron tr do trong mang tinh thé cia cdc kim loal khéc nhau nén kha nang dan dién cia cdc kim loai khéc nhau > Dap an€ cau 9: Asai vi kha nang dan dién cia kim logi gidm din theo thit ty Ag > Cu> Al> Fe, B ating vi Li cé kh6i lugng riéng nhé nhat, Os 6 khéi hrgng riéng lon nhat. aang vi Hg cé nhiét 46 néng chay thap nhat, W c6 nhiét dé néng chay cao nhat. D ding vi Cr la kim loai cig nhdt, Cs thuge nhém kim loai mém nhat. (SGK 12 co ban - trang 84). Dap an A 0: (1) sai vi cdc kim logi o6 1, 2,3 electron & lép ngoai cing. (2) diing vi cdc nguyén t6 nh6m B déu Ia céc kim loai chuyén tigp (c6 1, 2 electron lop ngoai cing). (3) sal vi digu kign thudng thi ngén & trang thai léng, = Dap dn B Em Iam bai kiém tra du6i day aé cing cé kign thite nhé! BAI KIEM TRA Cau 1: Kim loai ning nhdt (c6 khdi lurgng riéng lon nhat) la AW. B.Os. CHg. D.cu. Cau 2:Cho cdc kim loai sau: Al, Cu, Ag Fe. Kim loai dan nhiét kém nhat la A.Fe, Boag. Cal, D.cu. Cau 3: Cho cdc kim loai sau: Al, Cu, Au, Ag. Kim loai dan dién kém nhat la AAg. B.cu. Dau. DAL ‘Cau 4¢Trong céc kim loai sau Li, K, Rb va Cs. Kim loai mém nhét ACs, BK Li D.Rb. Cau 5:Kim loai vonfram duoc ding lam day t6c béng den vi nguyén nhan chinh nao sau day? A.La kim loai rat cing. B.La kim logi rat mém. C.La kim loai khé néng chay, khé bay het. D.La kim loai cé phan tty khdi lon. Cau 6: Tinh dan dién cia kim loai chi yéu gay ra boi sw chuyén déng co hwéng cita cdc electron ty do trong kim Jogi dudi tac dung cia dign trurdng. Trong $6 céc kim loai, dn dign tét nhat Ia Ag, vi tri thér hai va thé ba lan lurot thugc v8 Accu va Au, B.Alva Fe. GNavaCa. D.cuva Fe. 214 LE DANG KHUONG - NGUYEN XUAN TRUGNGCHUNG 6: DAI CUONG VE KIM LOAI Cau 7: Kim loai ndo sau day cé tinh dan dién tét, nhe va cé 6p mang oxit bén ving nén duge str dung rng rai lam day dan dign ngoai trdi trén cdc day dign cao thé? A.Zn. B, Au. CAL p. Ag. Caw 8: Phat biéw nao sau day la ding? ‘A, Cac kim loai c6 tinh chat vat ly gidng nhau, B, Trong diéu kign thuréng, céc kim loai d@u tin tai 6 thé rén, €. Chi cé electron ty do trong kim loai anh hudng dén tinh chat vat ly cia kim loai. D, Kim loai o6 tinh chat vat ly chung la tinh déo, tinh dan dign, tinh dan nhiét va anh kim, Cau 9: Cho céc kim loai Cu, Ag, Fe, Al, Zn. D6 din dién cita ching gidm dan theo thir tr A.Cu, Ag, Fe, Al, Zn, B, Ag Cu, Al, Fe, Zn. C.AL Fe, Zn, Cu, Ag. D, Al, Zn, Fe, Cu, Ag. Cau 10: C6 cdc nhan xét sau: (1) Tinh dan dién Cu > Ag. (2) Tinh déo: Au > Fe. (3) Nhigt 46 néng chay Na > Hg. (4) Tinh cing: Cr > Ag. 'S6 két qua so sénh ding la AL B2. 3. DAP AN 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 B A D A c A c D B c HUONG DAN GIAI Cau A: ‘Trong céc kim loai trén, kim loai co Khoi long riéng lon nhat 18 Os (SGK 12 co ban - trang 84) > Dap an B Cau 2: ‘Trong cac kim loai trén, kim loai dan nhiét kém nhat I Fe (SGK 12 co ban - trang 84) > Dap ana Cau 3: ‘Trong céc kim loai trén, kim loai dn dign kém nhat la Al (SGK 12 co ban - trang 84). — Dap 4nD Cau 4: Trong cac kim loai trén, kim loai mém nhdt la Cs (SGK 12 co ban - trang 84). > Dapané Cau 5: Wonfram dugc ding lam day téc bong dén vt wonfram la kim loai khé néng chay, Khébayhoi = Dap an€ Cau 6: ‘BG dan dign cia céc kim loai giém dan theo thi tu: Ag > Cu>Au> Al> Fe,... (SGK 12 corbin - trang 84) > Dap an LE DANG KHUONG - NGUYEN XUAN TRUONG 215CHU'ONG 6: DAL CUONG VE KIM LOAI cau7: ‘Trong cdc kim loai trén, kim loai nhe va c6 mang oxit bao vé la Al. Ngoai ra Al c6 kha nang dan dign tot. ~ Kim loai can tim 1a Al. > Dap an € caus: ‘Asai vi kim loai khéc nhau 6 tinh chat vatlf khde nhau Bsai vi trong digu kign thong, kim loai thn tai & thé long va thé ran, C sai vi ngoai electron ty do thi 46 bén cia lién két kim loai, nguyén tir khéi, kidu ‘mang tinh thé... cia kim loai cing anh huéng dn tinh chit vat ly iia kim loal. Ddiing (SGK 12 co ban - trang 84). ~ Dap an D cau 9: BO dan dign cia cdc kim loai gidm dn theo thir ty: Ag > Cu> Au> Al> Fe> Zn... {SGK 12 co ban - trang 84) > Dap 4nB cau 10 (2) sai vi tinh dan dign cia Ag > Cu (SGK 12 co ban - trang 83). (2) diing vi Au [a kim logi déo nhat (SGK 12 co’ ban - trang 83). (3) ding vi nhidt 46 nng chiy cita Hg thdp nhat (SCK co ban - trang 84). (4) diing vi crom 1a kim loai ciing nhat (SGK 12 co ban - trang 85). > C6 3 phat biéu ding (2), (3) va(4). > Dap anc 216 LE DANG KHUONG - NGUYEN XUAN TRUONGCHUONG 6: DAI CUONG VE KIM LOAI DANG 2: Day dién héa + Nam chdc thir ty trong day hoat dng héa hgc cia kim loa, + Van dung quy téc a dé xac djnh chi8u, thir ty phan img. (Chui $: Vi tri cia cdc cp oxi héa - khit hay gp trong dé thi an*/ Fe/H / Cu R/S AR Aan Re A, ou he AB Céc phan ng thudng xuyén thi THPT quéc gia 2Fe** +Cu—>2Fe* + Cu" ‘dn+2Fe* —>Zn* +2Fe** 2Fe* +Fe—>3Fe* Zn+Fe™* —+Zn™ +Fet Ag’ +Fe* —+Fe* +Agd 2Ag* + Fe > Fe* +2Ag 4 BAI TAP MAU « Coban Cau 4. Cho cdc fon kim loai: Zn, Sn*, Ni?s, Fe, Pb2. Thé ty tinh oxi hod gidm din 18 A. Pb® > Sn?+> Fe2> > Ni2*> Zn?*, B, Sn?*> Ni? > Zn?*> Pb? > Fe", C. Zn? > Sn2+> Ni2+> Fe? > Pb’. D, Pb?* > Sn?+> Ni2* > Fe®+ > Zn, Huéng dan giai Dua vio day dign héa tinh oxi héa cia cdc ion kim loai gidm dn theo thir ty: Pb®* > Sn? > Ni? > Fe > Zn2* > Dap an D Cu 2. Cho phwong trinh héa hoc ctia phan ting: 2Cr + 3Sn%* —> 2Cr** + 3Snl. Nhan xét ndo sau day vé phan ting trén la diing? A,Sn?* la chat khi, Cr* a chat oxi hod. B.Cr la chat oxi héa, Sn2*I& chat kit. €.Cr la chat kh, Sn?* 1 chat oxi hod. D.Cr24a chat Khir, Sn?*1A chat oxi hod. Hwéng dan giai Cr —> Cr+ + 3e: Crla chat kh ‘Sn’ + Ze —> Sn: Sn* a chat oxi hoa > Dap anc ‘Caw 3. Cho Ag kim loaf vao dung dich CuSO,, Ag khong tan. Loi giai thich ding la A.Agc6 tinh Khir yéu hon Cu nén kh6ng oxi hod duge Cu** thank Cu. B. Ag’ c6 tinh oxi hod manh hon Cu?* nén Ag* da khiy Cu thanh Cu?+. €,Cu cé tinh khiryéu hon Ag nén Ag khong khit duoc Cu?*thanh Cu, D. Cut cé tinh oxi hod manh hon Ag’ nén khOng oxi hod dugc Ag thanh Ag. Huwéng dan giai Age Dya vao thét ty cdc c§p oxi héa trong day dién hoa a Wau te uw LE DANG KHUONG - NGUYEN XUAN TRUONG 217CHU'ONG 6: DAI CUONG VE KIM LOA — Ag c6 tinh khit yéu hon Cu nén khong oxi hod duge Cu? thanh Cu. Dap and ‘Cau 4, Cho day céc ion: Fe, Nit, Cu’, Sné, Trong cing didu kién, ion c6 tinh oxi héa manb. nhdt trong day 1a A.Sn", B. Cur C Fev, DN, Hwéng din gidi ‘ , Fe Ni Sn* Cu Du theo day dign h6a thé ty eéc cip ox hba kha =~ SS SO > Cu c6 tinh oxi héa manh nat. ~ bap an B ‘Cau 5, Day cdc ion xép theo chiéu gidm dan tinh oxi hod 1a (biét trong day dign héa, cip Fest /Fe2+ ding truée clip Ag'/Ag) A. Fes, Cu, Ags, Fe?*, B. Agr, Cur, Fes, Fe, C. Fe, Ag*, Cur, Fe. D. Ag*, Fe, Cu2, Fez, Huwéng din giai “Fe Cu Fe agt Diya theo day ign hoa thier cep ox héa~ Khe Psi ge — Thir tw tinh oxi héa gidm dn: Agt > Fe > Cuz > Fe Cau 6. Trong cdc ion sau: Zn?, Ca®, Ag’, Cu*, ion nao c6 tinh oxi A. Zn, B. Cae. CAgt. Hwéng dan gidi ‘Theo day dién héa, tinh oxi héa: Ca?* < Zn2* < Cue < Ag’ — Ion cé tinh oxi héa man nbdt la Ag’. > Dap anc v Van dung Cau 7. Cho biét cde phan ting xay ra sau 2FeBr, +Br; ——> 2FeBr) 2NaBr + Cl, —-+ 2NaCl + Br2 Phat biéu nao ding 1a? A. Tinh khircda Cl’ manh hon cia Br’. —_B, Tinh oxi héa cia Bre manh hon ciia Ch. C.Tinh khi cia Br” manh hon cia Fe. —_D. Tinh oxi héa cia Cle manh hon cia Fe, Hwéng dan 2FeBr: + Bro —> 2FeBrs — Fe c6 tinh kht manh hon Br’, Br2é tinh oxi ha manh hon Fe** (1) 2NaBr+ Ch —> 2NaCl + Bry ~ Br’ cé tinh khit manh hon Cl’, Clec6 tinh oxi héa manh hon Br2 (2) Tir (1) va (2) + Cle c6 tinh oxi héa manhhon Fe* => Dap nD Cau 8, Thir ty mét s6 cp oxi hod - khir trong day din hod nhu sau: Fe?/Fe; Cu?+/Cu; Fe®+/Fe2*, Cap cht khOng phan tng v6i nhau la A. Fe va dung dich CuCh. B. Fe va dung dich FeCls. €. dung dich FeCl, va dung djch CuCl. D. Cu va dung dich FeCl. 218 LE DANG KHUONG - NGUYEN XUAN TRUONGCHUONG 6: DAI CUONG VE KIM LOAI Hw6ng dan gi Dya vao thir ty ctia cdc cdip oxi héa - khit trong day dién héa va quy tc a: A ding: Fe + CuCk —> FeCl, + Cub B ding Fe + 2FeCl; —> 3FeChe C sai vi Fe khéng phan tng véi Cu? D ding Cu + 2FeCls —> CuCl, + 2FeCh > Dap an € Cau 9. Cho cdc cp oxi héa ~ khi duge sp xép theo thir tyr ting dan tinh oxi héa cia céc ion kim logi: A*/Al; Fe?*/Fe; Sn?/Sn; Cu2r/Cu. Tién hanh céc thf nghiém sau (a) Cho st vao dung djch déng(I1) sunfat. (b) Cho ding vao dung dich nhom sunfat. (6) Cho thiée vao dung djch déng(i!) sunfat. (@) Cho thigc vao dung dich s8t(IN) sunfat. Trong cdc thi nghiém trén, nhéng thi nghiém cé xay ra phan tng la A. (b) va (0). B. (b) va (4). cava (o. D. (a) va (b). Huéng dan gidi Dya vao thit by sip x6p cita cic cp oxi hod - khir trong day dién héa va quy thea ta c6: (@) Fe + CuSO, —> FeSO, + Cul (b) Cu + Als(S04)s : KhOng phan tng {o) Sn # CuSO, > SnS0,+Cul (d) Sn + FeSO4 : khong phan tng Dap nC * Nang cao CAu 10. Cho hén hgp Al, Mg vao dung djch FeSO; du: Sau phan (mg thu duge chat rn X va dung dich Y. Thanh phn cia X, ¥ phi hop véi thf nghiém la A.X (Al, Mg, Fe); ¥ (AF*, SO). B. X (Mg, Fe); ¥ (AP, SO}). C.X (Mg, Fe); ¥ (AlP*, Mg2s, S02). D.X (Fe); ¥ (Al, Mgt, Fe, S02), Huéng dan giai oe oe Mg AI* Ret Dya vao day dign héa, thir ty mét sé cap oxi hod - khir nhu sau Mg" AD Fe: va theo quy tac a ta c6: Al, Mg c6 thé phan tig v6i Fe? — chat rin X chita Fe ~ Chat ran X1A Fe, dung dich Y gom: Al, Mg, Fe, SO. + Dap AnD BAI TAP TU LUYEN 1 Cau 1: Kim loai o6 phan img duge voi dung dich FeCl. la ACU B. Zn. C.Ag. D. Fe. Cau 2: Cho mét la sft vao dung dich chia mot trong nhimng mudi sau ; (1) ZnCl, (2) CuSOs, (3) Pb(NOs)s, (4) NaNOs, (5) MgCl, (6) AgNOs. Truong hop xay ra phan ting la A. (1), (2), (4),)6). B. (2), (3), (6). ¢ (1), (3), (4), 6). D. (2), (5), (6). Cau 3: Cho cde phwong trinh ion rét gon a) Cu + 2Ag > Cu?*+ 2Ag b) Fe + Znt+ > Fet+ Zn LB BANG KHUONG - NGUYEN XUAN TRUONG 219CHUONG 6: DAI CUONG VE KIM LOAI ©) Al + 3Nat—> AP +3Na d) Fe + 2Fe? 3Fe2* e) Fe+ Agt > Fe + Ag f) Mg + A+ Mge+ AL Nhimng phwong trinh jon viét ding 1a A (a), 0. B. (a), (b), (c), (0. (a), (4), (e), D. (a), (€), (e). Cau 4: Cho hop kim Al - Fe - Cu vao dung djch Cu(NOs)z du, chat rén thu dug sau phan Ginga Ae, BAL Ccu. D. Alvacu. Cau 5: Cho hop kim gdm 3 kim loai: Zn, Mg, Ag vao dung dich CuCl. Sau phan ting thu dugc hén hop 3 kim loai la A. Zn, Mg, Cu, B. Zn, Mg, Ag. Mg, Ag Cu. D.Zn, Ag, Cu. Cau 6: Cho hén hgp Zn, Fe vao dung dich CuSO, Sau phan tg thu duge chat ran X gdm 2 kkim logi va dung dich Y chéta 3 ion. Nhan xét nao duéi day ding khi ndi v8 phan tg trén? ‘A. Zn chua tan hét, Fe chwa phan tg, CuSO, a3 hét. B, Zn tan hét, Fe con dur, CuSO, da hét. C.Zn viva tan hét, Fe chwra phan tg, CuSO, vira hét, D.Zn va Fe déu tan hét, CuSO, vita hét. (Cau 7: Cho céc ion sau : Cu, Ags, Zn’, Pb? Ion cé tinh oxi héa yéu nhat la A. Cur, B. Ags, Gn, D. Pb. Cau 8: Cho biét thit ty tir trai sang phai ctia céc cp oxi hod - khit trong day dién hod (day ‘thé dign cw chudn) nhw sau: Zn*/Zn; Fe®+/Fe; Cu2*/Cu; Fe/Fet; Age/Ag, Cac kim loai va ion d&u phan tng duoc v6i ion Fe? trong dung dich Ia A.Zn, Ag’. B. Ag, Cu, Cag Fe, D.Zn, Cues, CAu 9: Ménh dé nao sau day khong ding? A. Tinh oxi héa cia céc ion tng theo thir ty: Fe2*, Hs, Cuz, Ag’. B. Fe khtr duoc Cu2* trong dung dich. C.Fe® oxi hod duge Cu. D. Fe? c6 tinh oxi héa manh hon Cur. ‘Cat 10: Hai kim loai X, Y va cdc dung dich mudi clorua ciia chéing ¢é céc phan tig héa hoc sau: X+2¥Cl; —> XCh+2¥Ck (1) Y+XC, —> ¥Ch+X @ Phat biéu ding [a A. on Y2* c6 tinh oxi héa manh hon ion X2, B. Kim loai X kh durge ion Y*, C. Kim loai X c6 tinh khir manh hon kim Joai Y. D. [on Y3*c6 tinh oxi héa manh hon ion X*, DAP AN T 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 | 10 B B D Cc D B ¢ A c D 220 LE BANG KHUONG - NGUYEN XUAN TRUONGCHUONG 6: DAI CUONG VE KIM LOAI HUONG DAN GIAL Cau t: Dya vao day dign héa, kim loai phan ting dug véi dung dich FeCl2 1a Zn Zn + FeCl ZnCl + Fet > Dap 4nB Cau 2: Dua vao thir tu métsé cp oxi hod - khir trong day dién héa Nat Mg Zn’ Fe bi Cu Agt Na’ Mg Zn’ Fe’ Pb’ Cu’ Ag Va theo quy tea. ~ Fe cé thé phan ting durge voi cac dung dich CuSO, , Pb(NO3)2, AgNOs. ‘Ta c6 ede phwong trinh héa hoc: Fe + CuSO; FeSO, + Cul Fe + Pb(NOs}z— Fe(NO3)2 + Pb L Fe + 2AgNOs > Fe(NOs)2 + 2Ag! ~ Trudng hop phan ting (2), (3), (6). ~ Dap an B Cau 3: Dua vao thir ty mOt sé cap oxi hoa - khit trong day dién héa Va theo quy tac a, ta c6: Cu phan ing dugc voi Ag’ > (a) ding. Fe kh6ng phan ting dugc voi Zn? — (b) sai, Al khdng phan tng duege voi Nat — (c) sai. Fe phan trng duge v6i Fe (d) ding. Fe? phan ting dugc véi Ag* > (e) ding. Mg phan tng duge voi Ales, nhung dap an f, phuong trinh chua cn bang dign tich > (f) sai. Nhang phwong trinh dng la (a), (4), (e). + Dap dn D cau 4: Dua vao thir ty m6t sé cp oxi hoa - khit trong day dign héa AY Fe cu? Fe Al Fe Cu Fe™ Va theo quy téc o.ta c6: Al, Fe c6 thé phan tg duge v6i Cu**, Vi Cu(NOs)2 du, Al, Fe sé phan tng hét ~ Chat rn sau phan ting la Cu. 2Al+3Cu* —>2al® +3Cul Fe+Cu* —>Fe* +Cul. > Bap nC LE DANG KHUONG - NGUYEN XUAN TRUONG 221CHUNG 6: DAI CUONG VE KIM LOAT Cau 5: Dya vao thé ty m6t sé cp oxi ho ~ kh trong day dign héa Ma Zn Cu age Mg’ Zn’ Cu’ Ag Va theo quy tic a, tacé: ‘Thr ty phan éeng ciia kim loai la Mg, r8i dén Zn ; Ag khGng phan mg. + Hén hop kim loai thu durge 1a Zn, Ag, Cu. ~ Dap én D Cau 6: , 7 jq En Fe™* Cu Fe* Dya vao thé ty cap oxi hod - Khir trong day dign héa Sj, =, wa vao thirty Cép oxt hoa ~ Khir trong day dfn héa [iis Va theo quy tica, ta cé: + Zn, Fe cé thé phan tmg duoc voi Cu’ + chat ran X chac chan chtta Cu. Dung dich chic chn cd la Zn, SO. + Zn phan tng hét thi s&t méi phan tng. Theo dB bai : X c6 2 kim logi X gdm Fe va Cu. Y chita 3 ion Cc ion trong Y la Zn**, SO; va Fe Zn+Cu* Zn +Cud Zn+Fe™ Fe + Cul > Dap anB cau 7: Dya vao day dién hoa, thir ty tinh oxi héa giam dan: Ag’ > Cu > Pb? > Zn2* > Dap nC caus: Dya vao thir ty cdc cp oxi hod - khtr trong day dién héa: Va theo quy tic ota cé: A diing vi: Zn + Fe —> Zn? + Fel ‘Ag’ + Fe ——» Fe + Ag B sai vi Ag khong phan tmg durgc voi Fe C sai vi Ag, Fe?* khong phan ting duge voi Fe? D sai vi Cut khong phan tng durge v6i Fee > Dap ana cau 9: A ding vi dua vio thit ty cc cp oxi hoa - khir trong day dién hoa > Tinh oxi héa cia cac ion tang theo thé ty: Fe", Hr, Cu, Ag? B diing vi: Fe + Cu2” —> Fe + Cul 222 LE DANG KHUONG - NGUYEN XUAN TRUONGCHUONG 6: DAI CUONG VE KIM LOAL C sai vi Fe kh6ng phan tng v6i Cu. D ding vi cap oxi hod ~ khir Cu?*/Cu ding truéc cp oxi héa - khit Fe3+/Fe? — Fe c6 tinh oxi héa manh hon Cuz, > Dap an cau 10: A sai vi theo phan ting (2) Ya sin phdm con X® 14 chat phan tg, Ma san phém luén cé tinh oxi héa yéu hon chat phan ting, B sai vi trong phan ting (2) X va Y2" 1a sn phd kh6ng phan ting vi nhau. C sai vi phan ding (2) Xa sn phim, Y 1a chat phan ting > Chat phan tng ludn cé tinh, king manh hon sn phim. D ding vi trong phan ting (1): Y> 1a ban du, X** 1 san pham. > Dap an D BAL TAP TU LUYEN 2 Cau 13 Cho cdc phan tng xay ra sau day (1) AgNOs +Fe(NOs)2 > Fe(NOs): +Agh (2) Mn + 2HCI> MnCl + Het Day cdc ion duge sap x8p theo chiéu ting dan tinh oxi hoa I A.Mn®, Hs, Fe, Ag’. B. Ag’, Fee, Ht, Mn2*, Ag’, Mn’, Ht, Fe, D, Mn?, Hr, Ags, Fes. Cau 2: Day gdm céc ion déu oxi héa duge kim loai Fela A. Fe, Cu2+, Ag. B. Zn?*, Cu, Ag*. €, Cr2+, Aus, Fe3*, D. Cr, Cuts, Agr. Cau 3, Thit ty mét s6 cap oxi hod - khir trong day dién hod nhw sau: Mg?/Mg; Fe2+/Fe; Cu2/Cu; Fe%/Fet; Agt/Ag, Day chi gam céc chat, ion téc dung dugc voi ion Fe* trong, dung dich 1a A. Fe, Cu, Ag. B.Mg Fe®, Ag. C. Mg, Cu, Cu. D. Mg Fe, Cu. CAu 4, Cho cc cp oxi hoa - khit duge sap xép theo chi8u ting dan tinh oxi hod cia dang oxi héa nhu sau: Fe2+/Fe, Cu?+/Cu, Fe /Fet, Phat biéu nao sau day 1A duing? A. Fet oxi ha duge Cu than Cus, B, Cu? oxi hod duge Fe’ thanh Fe’, C. Fe oxi héa duge Cu thanh Cu. D. Cu khtt dugc Fe® thanh Fe. CAu 5: Cho dung dich FeSO lin tap chat CuSO,, Dé loai durge tap chat cé thé ding A, bat Cu du, sau 46 loc. B, bét Fe du, sau 46 loc. C. bot Zn du, sau 46 lec. D, bt Na du, sau @6 loc. Cau 6: Mét mau Ag cé Ian tap chat la Fe, Cu va Pb. Bé thu duge Ag tinh khiét, nguéi ta ngam mdu trén vao mét lrong dw dung dich X, sau dé loc thu dugc Ag tinh khiét, Dung dich Xia A. AgNOs, B. HCL C. NaOH. D. H2S0s. (Cu 7: Gitta hai cp oxi hod - khir sé xdy ra phan tg theo chi8u A. chat oxi héa yéu hon sé oxi héa chat khir yéu hon sinh ra chat oxi héa manh hon va chat Khir manh hon. B. chat oxi héa manh hon sé oxi héa chat khir yéu hon sinh ra chat oxi héa yéu hon va chat, LE DANG KHUONG - NGUYEN XUAN TRUONG 223CHUONG 6: DAI CUONG VE KIM LOAL khir manh hon. chat oxi héa manh hon sé oxi héa chat khir manh hon sinh ra chat oxi héa yéu hon va chat khik yéu hon. A. chat oxi héa yéu hon sé oxi héa chat khhty man hon sinh ra chit oxi héa manh hon va chat kh yéu hon, Cau 8: Cho phan ting: Ag* + Fe —> Fe” —> Ag, lon Fe? la A. chét oxi héa manh nba. B. chat khir manh nat, C.chat oxi héa yéu nhat. D. chat khir yéu nhat. Cau 9: Cho mt ft bét Fe vao dung dich AgNOs dur, sau khi két thtic thi nghiém thu dege dung dich A gdm A.Fe(NO3)2. B. Fe(NOs)z, AgNO. C.Fe(NOs)s, AgNO3 du, D, Fe(NOs)s, Fe(NOs)2, AgNO3, Cau 10; Bat Cu cé lan Pb va Zn. Diing chat nao sau day 4é loai bé tap chat? A. Dung dich Cu(NOs)2 du. B. Dung dich Pb(NOs}2. C. Dung dich ZnSO, du. D, Dung dich Fe(NOs)2. DAP AN 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 A A D c B A Cc B ¢c A HUONG DAN GIAI cau. Phuong trinh (1) -> Ag* c6 tinh oxi héa manh hon Fe Phwrong trink (2) + H* cé tinh oxi héa manh hon Mn2+ > Ading Bsaj vi tinh oxi héa cla Ag* > Fe va Ht > Mn? Csai vi tinh oxi héa ciia H* > Mn, Dsai vi tinh oxi héa ciia Ag’ > Fe. > Dap an A cau 2, ecu Fe age Fe’ Cu’ Fe*’ ag Dya vao thér ty cdc cap oxi hod - Ichi trong day dién héa: Va theo quy tac: > Cécion oxi héa duge Fe 1a Cu, Fee, Agr. Fe + Cut Fe% + Cul Fe + 2Fe™ — 3Fe? Fe + 2Ag’— Fet + 2Agt > Dap an cau 3. Dya vao thir ty cdc cp oxi hod - khir trong day dign héa: 224 LE BANG KHUONG - NGUYEN XUAN TRUONGCHUONG 6: DAI CU'ONG VE KIM LOAI Mg" Fe cut" Fe’ Ag’ Mg’ Fe’ Cu’ Fe"' Ag. ‘Va theo quy tac a: Asai vi Ag’ khOng téc dung véi Fe. Bssai vi Ag, Fe?* khong tdc dung voi Fe. C sai vi Cu?* khong tic dung véi Fe. D ding vi: 3Mga, + 2Fe% > 3Mg’ + 2Fel Fe+2Fe > 3Fet Cu + 2Fe% — Guts + 2Fee = Dap AnD cau 4, a cut pe Dy vao thirty cdc cp oxi hod - Khir trong day dién héa: FE", Cul | Re Fe Cu’ Fe* Va theo quy tac a: ‘A sai vi Fe?" khong phan tng véi Cu. B sai vi Cu? khong phan tng véi Fe. C ding vi 2Fe++ Cu = 2Fe2* + Cu D sai vi Cu khong phan eng véi Fe, > ap dn caus: Asai vi Cu khong phan ting voi FeSO, va CuSOs. B diing vi: Fe + CuSO, > FeSO, + Cul ‘Loc san phm sau phan tng sé thu duoc dung dich FeSO, tinh khiét, Csai vir Zn + FeSO4~> ZnSO, + Fel Zn + CuSOs > ZnSO, + Cul ~ Sau phan tng khdng thu duoc FeSO, Dsaivi 2Na + 2H,0 + 2NaOH + Hat 2NaOH + FeSO, > Fe(OH al + NazSO4 2NaOH + CuSOs> Cu(OH)e! + NazSOs Sau phan (eng khOng thu dwg FeSO, > Dap anB Cau 6: Dung dich X la AgNO3 vi Fe + 3AgNOs a > Fe(NOs}3 + 3Agl Cu + 2AgNOs ~ Cu(NOs)2 + 2Ag! Pb + 2AgNOs > Pb(NO;): + 2AgL — Lge dung djch sau phan mg thu duge Ag tinh khiét. B, D sai vi Cu khéng phan tng voi dung djch HCI va H,SO4 > khéng loai dug Cu € sai vi Fe, Cu, Pb khdng phan tig v6i dung dich NaOH — khéng loai durge tap chat > Dap 4nA LE DANG KHUONG - NGUYEN XUAN TRUONG 225CHUONG 6; DAT CUONG VE KIM LOAI Cau 7: Phan teng gitra 2 cp oxi hod - khir sé xay ra theo chiéu chat oxi héa manh hon sé oxi héa chat khit manh hon sinh ra cht oxi héa yéu hon va chat khit yéu hon. cau 8: cau 9: (SGK 12 co-bin - trang 88). ~ Bap anc ‘Theo quy tac a, Fe?+1a chat khty manh nhat. > Dap anB 2 Be Age Dya vao thé ty céc cp oxi hod - Iehir trong day dién héa: S we vaquy tdc a ta 66 cdc phan tng Fe+ 2AgNOs~» Fe(NOs)2 + 2Agl AgNOs au + Fe(NO3)2 > Fe(NOs)s + Agt ~ Dung dich A gém Fe(NOs)s va AgNO: du Dap an Cau 10: 226 ant Re pb cut Dua vao thirty céccfp oxi hod ~ Khir trong day dlén héa: 2 S sa = quy taco. ~ Ding dung dich Cu(NOs)2 dur dé loai Pb va Zn ra khéi bot Cu. Zn+Cu(NO3}2 Zn(NOs}2 + Cub Pb + Cu(NQs}2 + Pb(NOs)2 + Cul > Dap ana LE BANG KHUONG - NGUYEN XUAN TRUONGCHUONG 6: BAI CUONG VE KIM LOAI Em lam bai kiém tra dw6i day dé cing c6 kign thirc nhé! DE KIEM TRA Cau 1.Cap chat khéng xy ra phan tng hod hoc 1a A.Cu va dung dich FeCl;. B.Fe va dung dich HCl. C.Fe va dung dich FeCls. D.Cu va dung dich FeCl. Cau 2.Muéi Fe2* lam mét mau dung dich KMnO« trong méi trurong axit tgo ra ion Fe, Con fon Fe®* téc dung voi [tao ra la va Fe®. Tht ty’ tinh oxi héa tang dan 1a Aula < Fe < MnO; B. p< MnO, ? >M, B.Tinh khit: X% > M > X. C.Timh oxi héa: M2+ > X#> Xe, D.Tink oxi héa: K* > M2 > X2*, Au 6.x la kim logi phan émg duge voi dung djch H2S0s loang, ¥ 14 kim logi téc dung duge véi dung dich Fe(NO;)s. Hai kim loai X,Y lain lugt IA (biét th ty trong day thé dién hod: Fe+/Fe® dig truéc Ag:/Ag) A.Fe, Cu. B.Cu, Fe. Ag, Mg. D.Mg, Ag. Cau 7. Kim loai nao sau day c6 thé vira phan tng v6i dung djch HCI vita phan ting voi dung dich Al,(S0,)3? A.Fe. B.Mg. cco. D.Ni, Cau 8.Cho cée phan ting: KiCr07 + 14HBr > 3Bre+2KBr + 2CrBrs + 7H20 (1) Bro +2Nal > 2NaBr +I @ Nhan djnh nao sau day la ding? A.Tinh oxi hoa: Iz >Bro « B.Tinh khir: Cr+ > C.Tinh hit: Bre> Cro, D.Tinh oxi hoa: Cr,0? > Ie ‘Cau 9.Cho Al ti tir dén dw vio dung dich X gm Cu(NOs}z, AgNOs , Mg(NOs}z,, Fe(NOs)5 thi thi ‘urcicion bj khirla A. Feo, Agr, Cuz, Mg. B.Ags, Cuts, Fe, Fez, C.Ags, Fe, Cu, Fe2s, D. Age, Fe, Cus, Mg, Catt 10. Cho du Tin lugt céc kim loai Mg, Al, Pb, Cu, Ag vao dung djch Fe(NOs)s. Day cac kim loai khir Fe® vé Fe Ia A.Mg Pb va Cu, BAL Cuva ag. C.Pb va Al. D. Mg va Al LE DANG KHUGNG - NGUYEN XUAN TRUONG 227CHUONG 6: BAI CUONG VE KIM LOAI N w * wa o a ° . rn" 3 HUONG DAN GIAT cau 1. no th thos Fe Cut Fe™ Dy vio thir rede efp oxi hod - kh trong day dign hoa: FE, GO, FE Va theo quy tic a, ta c6: AduingviCu + 2Fe*— Cut + 2Fex B duing vi: Fe + 2HCI FeCl + Het C ding vir Fe + 2Fe%— 3Fe% D sai vi trong day dign héa Fe®/ Fe dig trw6c Cur/ Cu — Cu khong téc dung duge vei dung dich Fe > Dap anD cau 2, 5 ~ Tinh oxi héa MnO, >Fe* SH” > Mn** +5Fe* +4H,0 2Fe* +21 — 2Fe* +1, > Tinh oxi héa Fe* >I, ‘Tinh oxi héa dwege sép xép theo chiBu ting dn nhw sau: [2 < Fe’ < MnO; . > Dap an A Cau 3, Dya vao thit ty céc c&p oxi hod ~ khit trong day dién héa: Al Fe’ Ni’ Pb HH, Cu Fe” Ag Va theo quy téc a ta c6 céc phuong trink héa hgc: Fe+ 2HCI— FeCl, +H, (cCu+2FeCl, ~» CuCl, +2FeCl, Fe+2FeCl, >3FeCl, Cu+2AgNO, > Cu(NO,), +2Ag + Fe+3AgNO, —> Fe(NO,), +3Ag 4 2Al+3FeCl, — 2AICl, +3Fed 2Al+6HCI->2AlC1, +3H, Nie2HCL— Nich, + 7 shee Ni+2FeCl, ~» 2FeCl, +NiCt, Al+3FeCl, > 3FeCi, + AlCl, NLt2AgNO, _» Ni(NO 1 +2AgNO, —> +2Ag Al+3AgNO, ->AI(NO,), +3Ag + 2 > NNO) C6 12 trudng hop xAy ra phan tng héa hoc. + Bap an C 228 LE DANG KHUONG - NGUYEN XUAN TRUONGCHU‘ONG 6: DAI CUONG VE KIM LOAL cau 4, A: Cu+2AgNO, —> Cu(NO,), +24g + — Cu cé tinh khér mank hon Ag. B: Zn+Cu(NO,) > Zn(NO,), +Cu + ~ Cu*e6 tinh oxi héa manh hon Zn, C: Fe + 2FeCl, > 3FeCl, ~ Fe» c6 tinh oxi ha manh hon Fe2, D: Kthi cho K téc dung voi dung dich mudi Ca xdy ra phan tng: 2K+2H,0 > 2KOH+H, T — KhOng thé chimg minh K c6 tinh kht manh hon Ca. = Dap anD Cau 5. Me +X > M + X% Tinh khir X>M ; tinh oxi ha M2 > X2*, M + 2X3+ > M2 42X2 > Tinh khik M > X2 ; tinh oxi h6a X#* > M2, ~ Tinh khir X > M > X? ; Tinh oxi héa X3 > M2 > X2, ~ Dap an D cau 6. mou pe Dura theo thit ty céc cp oxi héa trong day aién neat Fe’ Gu fe Fe Cu Fe Ag va quy tac a ta cé: A diing vi: Fe + HeSOstcing > FeSOs + Hat Cu + 2Fe(NOs); + 2Fe(NOs)2 + Cu(NOs)2 B sai vi Cu khong phan ting voi H2SOs. € sai vi Ag kh6ng phan ting voi H2SOs, D sai vi Ag khéng phan ting durgc voi Fe(NOs). + Dap an A cau7. Dy vao tht ty céc e%p oxi hod ~ khiv trong day dign héa Va quy tc ata cé: Fe, Cu, Ni khong tac dung véi Als(SOq)s Mg tac dung véi dung dich HCl va Al,(SO.)s Mg+2HCl — MgCl, +H, T 3Mg+Al,(SO,), > 3MgSO, +2Al 4 caus, Tir (1) + Tinh oxi héa Cr,02 > Bra ; Tinh khir Br > Cr", ~ Dap anB LE DANG KHUONG - NGUYEN XUAN TRUONG 229CHUONG 6: BAI CUONG VE KIM LOAI ‘Tu (2) > Tinh oxi héa Bro > Ie; Tinh khir F > Bro Tinh oxi héa Cr,05 > Brz > Iz; Tinh kh Iv > Br“ > Cr > Dap 4nD cau d, Ta c6 phuong trinh héa hgc cia cac phan tg theo thir tu: AL+ 3Fe(NO3)s > Al(NOs)s + 3Fe(NOx}2 3Al + 3AgNO3 ~ Al(NOs)s + 3Agl 2Al + 3Cu(NOs)2~> 2AI(NO3)s + 3Cul 2Al + 3Fe(NOs}2— 2AI(NOs)3 + 3Fel Al + Mg(NOs)z > khéng phan tng Tinh oxi héa Ag* > Fe** > Cur> Fe Thtt ty cc ion bj khit Ags, Fe, Cus, Fee — Dap anc cau 10. 230 Da vao thit ty cdc cap oxi hod ~ khir trong day dién hoa Mga" Be PoP Ga ea Mg Al’ Fe’ Pb’ Cu Va theo quy tac a ta c6 cdc phtong trinh phan tng sau: Cu+2Fe(NO,), > Cu(NO, ), +2Fe(NO, ), Pb+2Fe(NO,), > PL(NO,), +2Fe(NO, ), Mg + 2Fe(NOs)s > Mg(NO3)2 + 2Fe(NOs)2 Mga + Fe(NOs)2 > Mg(NOs)2 + Fel Al + 3Fe(NO3)3 > Al(NOs)3 + 3Fe(NOs)2 2Alac + 3Ee(NOs)2 — 2AI(NOs)3 + 3Fel > Phan ting cita Al va Mg dur v6i Fe(NOs)s tao thanh Fe ~ Dap an D DANG 3: Phan ting dic trung cita kim loai Tinh chat dic trung cia kim logi la tinh kht > Phan ding v6i phi kim : 02, S, Cla... > Phan tng voi dung, i > Phan img voi dung dich muéi. Chi ¥; Cc kim loai Na, K, Ba, Ca + dung dich mudi xy ra hal gial doan Giai doan 1:Kim loai + H20 > dung dich bazo + Hz Giai dogn 2: Dung dich bazo + dung dich mudi -> Muéi méi + bazo méi ¢ Xem mindmap va hé théng Ii thuyét dé nm r6 tinh chat, digu kign cdc phan dng. * Nhé-va hiéu duge su sdp xép day dign hoa. LE DANG KHUONG - NGUYEN XUAN TRUONGCHUONG 6; DAI CUONG VE KIM LOAI BAI TAP MAU <= Coban Cau 1. Tinh chat hod hge dic trung eda kim logi la A, tinh khér B. tinh oxi hod. C. tinh bazo. D, tinh axit. Huw6ng dan giai ‘Tinh chat héa hoc dac trung cita kim loai la tinh khir (SGK 12 co ban ~ trang 85). > Dap an A Cau 2. Kim logi nao sau day khong tac dung voi dung dich HzS0, loaing? A. Cu. B. Na. Cc. Mg. D. Al. Hwéng dan gidi Kirn Jogi khéng téc dung véi dung dich H2SOs loang la Cu (SGK 12 nang cao - trang 120). 3 Dap ana Cau 3. Kim loai téc dung v6i khi Cla va dung dich HCl tao cing loai mudi la A. Cu. B. Mg. c Fe. D. Ag. Hw6ng dan giai Cu, Ag khéng phan ting voi dung dich HCI Phuong trinh héa hoc Mg+Cl,—>MgCl, 2Fe+3Cl, —> 2FeCl, Mg+2HCl—> Mgcl, +H, T Fe+2HCl—FeCl, +H, > Dap 4nB Cau 4. Cho cée kim loai Hg, Cu, Ag, Fe, Al, Ba, K. Cé bao nhiéu kim loai phan tng dugc vi dung dich Cuso,2 A2 B.3 c4 D5 Hwéng dan giai Cac kim loai tac dung duc voi dung dich CuSO la Fe, Al, Ba, K Fe+CuSO, > FeSO, +Cud 2Al+3CuSO, — Al,(SO,), +3Cul Ba+2H,0 —> Ba(OH), +H, T (mem +CuSO, — BaSO, + +Cu(OH), + 2K +2H,0 > 2KOH+H,T fee +2KOH + Cu(OH), ++K,SO, ~ C6 4 Ikim loai phan ting duc v6i dung dich CuSO,» Dap an € Cau 5, Day kim loai phan dg vi nude & nhiét 46 thudng la A. K.Na, Mg, Ag. B. Li, Ca, Ba, Cu. C. Fe, Pb, Zn, Hg. D. K, Na, Ca, Ba. Huong dan giai Céc kim logi nhém 1A, 11A (triy Be, Mg) phan ting duoc v6i H.0 diéu kién thudng Li, K, Na thudc nhém 1A. Ca, Ba, Mg thudc nhém IA. ‘Ag, Hg, Zn, Pb, Cu kh6ng tac dung nuéc 6 nhiét d6 thudng LE BANG KHUONG - NGUYEN XUAN TRUONG: 231CHUONG 6: DAI CUONG VE KIM LOal ‘2Li+2H,0 > 2Li0H+H, T 2K +2H,0 > 2KOH+H, t 2Na+2H,0 — 2NaOH +H, T Ca+2H,0 > Ca(OH), +H, T Ba+2H,0 > Ba(OH), +H, T > Dap an D Cau 6.CA2 kim loai trong cp nto sau day du Ish6ng tic dung véi dung dich HNO: dc, ngudi? Zn, Fe. B.Fe, Al. C.Cu, Al D.Ag, Fe. Huong dan giai Al, Fe bi thu dng héa trong axit HNO dc, ngugi (SGK 12 co ban - trang 122, 139). ~ Dap 4nB v Van dung Cau 7. Cho bgt Fe vio dung dich gdm AgNO; va Cu(NO;)2. Sau khi céc phan tmg xy ra hoan toan, thu duge dung dich X gbm hai mudi va chat ran Y gdm hai kim logi, Hai mudi trong X va hai kim loai trong Y Jan lugt a A.Fe(NO3)2; Fe(NOs)3 va Cu; Ag. B. Cu(NOs}2; Fe(NOs)}2 va Cu; Fe. €.Cu(NOs}z; Fe(NOs)z va Ag; B, Cu(NOs)2; AgNOs va Cu; Ag. Huéng dan gi Y gom hai kim loai c6 tinh kh yéu nhat: Ag, Cu. X gdm hai mu6i ciia kim logi c6 tinh khtr manh nhat: Fe(NOs)2, Cu(NOs)2. Fe + 2AgNOs —> Fe(NOs)2+ 2Agl Fe + Cu(NOa}z —» Fe(NO;)2 + Cut > Dap anc Cau 8. Cho hén hop gdm Fe va Mg vio dung dich AgNOs, khi céc phan tng xay ra hoan toan thu dugc dung dich X (gdm hai mudi) va chat rén Y (gm hai kim loai), Hai mudi trong X 1a A.Mg(NO3)2 va Fe(NOs)s. B. Fe(NOz)s vaMg(NO3)z. C.AgNOs va Mg(NOs)2. D.Fe(NOs)2 va AgNOs, Hwéng dan gidi Chat rén Y gdm hai kim logi c6 tinh khit yéu nhat Ia: Ag, Fe Dung dich X gdm hai mudi ciia kim loai c6 tinh khir manh nhat, ma Fe dw ~ Hai mudi trong X la Mg(NOs)2 va Fe(NOs)2. Mg + 2Agt—> Mg? + 2AgL Fe + 2Agy—+Fe® + 2Agl > ap an A Cau 9. Cho kim loat K vao dung dich FeCls. Hign tweng nao sau day ding? A. Fe bi day ra khéi mudi, B.Cé khf thodt ra vi K tan trong nuéc, €.C6 Kehf thodt ra dong thoi e6 két tia nau dé. D. C6 khi thodt ra, c6 két tia nau dd, sau dé két tita tan trong dung dich baze loging, 232 LE DANG KHUONG - NGUYEN XUAN TRUONGCHUONG 6; DAL CUGNG VE KIM LAL Hwéng din giai Khi cho K vao dung dich FeCls céc phan ting xay ra nhur sau: Ban dau: 2K+2H,0 > 2KOH+H, T Sau d6: FeCl, +3KOH — 3KC1+Fe(OH), L (nau a6) —~ Hign tong: o6 khi thoat ra dng thoi cé két tia nau dé, ~ Dap An € Cau 10. Nhting mét la Fe nhé vao dung dich chia du mét trong nhimg chat sau: FeCl, AlCl, CuSO«, Pb(NO3)z, NaCl, HNOs, H2SOs (dc, néng), NHsNOs. $6 tru’ng hop phan ing chi tao ra mudi Fe(II) a AB. B.4 C5. D.6. Huéng dan gidi Ta c6 cdc phuong trinh héa hoc: Fe+2FeCl,—>3FeCl, Fe+Pb(NO, ), —>Fe(NO,), Pb Fe+CuSO, ~-—>FeSO, +Cud Fe+4HNO, —+Fe(NO,}, +NOT+2H,0 2Fe+6H,S0,, > Fe,(SO,), +380, T+ 6H,0 ‘Truong hop tao ra mudi Fe(1l) la FeCl:, Pb(NO3)2,CuSO. > DAp nA BAIL TAP TY LUYEN 1 Cau 1. Fe khdng téc dung véi dung dich nao sau day? A. HCI loang. B, HzS0s loang. C.HNOs dic, ngudi_—_D, Fe(NOs)s. Cau 2, Cu tac dung voi dung dich nado sau day? A. HCLloang. B. Fex(S0:)>. C.FeSO,. D. WSO, loang. ‘Cau 3. Mgt hén hop gdm: Mg, Al, Ag. Hod chit nao c6 thé téc dung hoan toan hén hgp trén ‘go thanh dung dich? A. Dung dich HCL B, Dung dich HNOs loang. €. Dung dich NaOH. D. Dung dich AgNOs. Cau 4. Kim Jogi M téc dung duge v6i céc dung dich sau: HNOs dac nguéi, HCl, FeCh, Cu(NOs)2, Kim loai M1a A.Al. B. Fe. Cag D.Zn. Au 5, Ngam thanh kim toai Cu vao 4 céc dung cic dung dich: NaCl, AgNOs, FeCls, HCl, sau mot thai gian hign tueng quan sat duoc 6 4 .c6c la Hign | CScdyngdung ] Cécdungdung | Cécdyngdung | Cécdyng dung tugng ich NaCl dich AgNO; dich FeCls dich HCL & | CéNatgorae Dung dich cé mau | Khéngxayrahién | Khong xdy ra audi day cdc xanh, kim logi Ag | tong gi hign trong gi bam vao thanh Cu LE DANG KHUONG - NGUYEN XUAN TRUONG 233CHUONG 6: DAI CUONG VE KIM LOAI B / Khongxayrahién | Dungdich cb mau | Dungdich comau | KhOngxdy ra wong gi xanh, kimloai Ag | xanh,thanh Cubi | hién trong et bam vao thanh Cu | mon din C™ | Khongxayrahién | KhOngxdyrahién | Dungdich cb mau | Co sii bot khi turong gi tuong gi xanh, thanh Cu bj mon din D” [Khong xayrahién | Dungdichcé mau | Dung dich cd mau | Cé sii bot kei, tugng gi xanh, kimloai Ag | xanh,kimlogiFe | dungdjch c6 bam vao thanh Cu_| bam vao thank Cu | mau xanh Cau 6. Kim loat Ni déu phan ting duge véi céc dung dich nao sau day? A. MgSOz, CuSO. B. NaCl, AICh. ©. CuSO4,AgNO2, D. AgNOs, NaCl. Cau 7 Cho kim logi M tac dung v6i clo duoc mudi X; cho kim loai M tac dung voi dung dich HCI dugc mudi Y. Néu cho kim loai M téc dung voi dung dich mudi X ta cling duoc mu6i Y. Kim loai M cé thé a. A. Mg. B.zn, Cab D. Fe. Cau 8. Cac chit vika the dung dug v6i dung dich HCl vira téc dung duoc voi dung di AgNOs1a A. Mgo, Na, Ba. B. Zn, Ni Sn. €. Zn, Cu, Fe. D. CuO, Al, Mg. Cu 9. Kim loai M phan ting dugc voi: dung dich HCI, dung dich Cu(NOs)2, dung dich HNOs (44c, ngudi), Kim loai Mla AA B. Zn. C. Fe. D. Ag. ‘Cau 10. Cho hén hgp bét Al, Fe vo dung dich chtta Cu(NOs)2 va AgNOs. Sau khi cdc phan ting xay ra hoan toan, thu duoc hdn hop ran gdm ba kim loai 13 A. Fe, Cu, Ag. B. Al, Cu, Ag. C. Al, Fe, Cu. D. Al, Fe, Ag. BAP AN 7 z 3 4 5 6 7 s a 10 c B B D B c | D B B a HUONG DAN GIAI cau 4. Fe bj thy dng trong HNOs dic, ngudi. Fe+2HCl ~ FeCl, +H, T Fe+H,SO, -» FeSO, +H, T Fe+2Fe(NO,), + 3Fe(NO,), — Dap 4nC cau 2. Fe® 2H" Cu’ Fe** Dua theo thir tw cdc cp oxi héa trong day dign héa: FE, 24° Cu” Fe va theo thir tcc chp on ha trong diy dif ha: EF os 234 LE DANG KHUONG - NGUYEN XUAN TRUONGCHUONG 6: DAI CU'ONG VE KiM LOAI va quy tic a, ta c6 phan ting: Cu+Fe,(SO,), > CuSO, +2FeSO, = Dap 4nB cau 3. ‘Ta c6 phuong trinh héa hoc ciia cac phan tg sau ¥ Dung dich HCI Mg + 2HCL— MgCl + Hat 2Al+ 6HCI— 2AICh + 3Ht Y Dung dich HNO; loang 3Mg+8HNO, —~»3Mg(NO,), +2NOT+4H,0 Al+4HNO, —>AI(NO,), +NOT +2H,O 3Ag+4HNO, —>3AgNO, + NOT +2H,0 ¥ Dung dich NaH 2Al + 2NaOH + 2H:0 + 2NaAlO2 + 3Hat Y Dung dich AgNOs Mg + 2AgNO3 Mg(NOs)2 + 2Agl Al + BAgNO3 > AI(NOs)3 + 3Agl > pap 4nB cau 4. Kim logi MIa Zn vi Y Zn +4HNO, —>Zn(NO,),+ 2NO,1+2H,0 ¥ Zn+2HCl —> ZnCl, +H, t ¥ Zn+2FeCl, —> ZnCl, + 2FeCl, Zn +FeCl, —>ZnCl, +Fe+ ¥ Zn+Cu(NO,), ~> Zn(NO,),+Cul ~ Dap anD cau 5. ¥ Cu + NaCl > khong phan ing Y Cu + 2AgNO3~> Cu(NOs}2 + 2Agl mau xanh Y Cu+ 2FeCls > 2FeCh + CuCh, mau xanh ¥ Cu+ HCl ~ khéng phan ing > Bap 4nB cau 6 A sai vi Ni khong phan trng voi MgSOs. 8 sai vi Ni khong phan tng voi NaCl, AICk. C ding vi Ni + CuSO, —> NiSO, + Cul LE DANG KHUONG - NGUYEN XUAN TRUONG 235CHUONG 6: DAI CUGING VE KIM LOAI Ni + 2AgNOs —> Ni(NOs)2 + 2Agl D sai vi Ni khéng phan tng voi NaCl. > Dap An cau7. ‘Vi muéi X va Y du la mu6i clorua cita kim loai M > M c6 2 hod tri Ma Fe Phwong trinh héa hgc cia phan tng: aFe + 3Clz > 2FeCls Fe + 2HC! —> FeCl. + HT Fe + 2FeCls ——> 3FeClz > Dap anD cau 8. A sai vi MgO khong téc dung voi AgNOs, B diing vi Zn, Ni, Sn ditng truéc H va Ag trong day dién héa nén phan img duge voi dung dich HCl va dung dich AgNOs. Ta cé céc phucong trinh héa hoc: 2n + 2HCl > ZnCl + Hz T Zn-+ 2AgNOs + Zn(NOs), + 2Ag! Ni+ 2HCI= NiCl + Het Ni + 2AgNO3 — Ni(NOs)2 +2Ag 4 Sn+2HCI— SnCl, + H2t Sn + 2AgNOs — Sn(NO3)2+2Ag 1 C sai vi Cu khong tac dung véi HCl. D sai vi CuO khéng tac dung véi AgNOs. > Bap an B cau 9, M phan ting voi dung dich HNOs dae ngudi ~ loai A va C M phan ting véi dung dich HC! va dung dich Cu(NO3}2 ~ loaiD = Kim logi MJ Zn Phuong trinh héa hoc cia cc phan tg: Zn + 2HC1 —> ZnCl: + Hot Zn + Cu(NOs)z —> Zn(NOs)2 + Cut Zn + SHNOs (ac, ngu6i) —> Zn{NOs)2+2NOst + 2H20 = Dap an B Cau 10. « 4 _ ABS Fe Cu? Fe Ag Tate cfc cht trong day Alm ha: ES ge Hon hop ran gbm 3 kim loai la 3 kim loai o6 tinh Khir yéu nhit: Ag, Cu, Fe > Dap an A 236 LE BANG KHUONG - NGUYEN XUAN TRUONG:CHUONG 6: DAI CUONG VE KIM LAL BAL TAP TY LUYEN 2 Cau 1. Cho day céc kim logi: Al, Cu, Fe, Ag. Sé kim logi trong day phan tng dug v6i dung dich H,S0, long 1a AA, B2. ©3. D.4. Cau 2, Day gb céc kim loai déu tac dung dugc voi dung dich HCl hung khOng tac dung voi dung dich HNOs dic, ngudi la A.Cu, Fe, Al B. Fe, Al, Cr. C. Cu, Pb, Ag. D. Fe, Mg, Al. Au 3, Kim loai tac dung véi dung dich Pb(NO;)2 loang va dung djch HNO: loang tao 2 loai mudi Kinde nhaw la A. Cu. BAL. C. Zn. D. Fe. ‘Cau 4. Cho khf HS Idi cham cho dén du qua hén hop gdm FeCh, AlCls, NHCl, CuCl, thu dugc két tia X. Thanh phan cia X fa A. FeS, Cus. B,FeS,AhSs,CuS. C, Cu. D, CuS,$, Cau 5. Cho hén hop Fe va Cu tac dung véi HNOs, sau khi phan tng xay ra hoan toan thu duoc dung djch A chi chéta 1 chat tan duy nhdt. Chat tan a6 1a A. HNOs. B. Fe(NOs)s. C, Cu(NOs)2. D. Fe(NOs)2. Cau 6. Céc nguyén t6 trong cap nguyén t6 nao sau day cé tinh chat hod hgc tuong ty nhau? A. Mg va Pb. B, Mgva Ca. ©, Cava Zn, D. Nava Ck. Cau 7. Kim loai MgkhOng tac dung v6i chat nao duéi day? A, Lu huynh, B. Dung dich NaOH. C. Dung dich HCl. D. Dung dich CuSOs, Cau 8, Céc kim loai d@u phan tng véi dung dich CuCl. la A. Na, Mg va Ag. B. Fe, Nava Mg. C. Ba, Mg va Hg, D. Na, Bava Ag. Cau 9, Dét néng mét it bot Fe trong binh dung Khf oxi du dén Kkhi phan tng hoan toan thu dug chat ran X. Sau 46 cho X vao binh dyng dung djch HCl du. Dung dich thu duge sau phan ing gdm cdc chat A. FeCl; va FeCls, B. FeClz va HCl. C. FeCl; va HCL. D. FeClz, FeCls va HCL. CAu 10. Day nao sau day gdm cdc chat vira téc dung dug v6i dung dich HCl, vira tac dung duge véi dung dich Cu(NO3),? A. Zn, Cu, Mg. B. Al, Fe, CuO. C. Fe, Ni, Sn. D. Hg, Na, Ca. DAP AN i 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 | 10 B B D D D B B B D C HUONG DAN GIAI cau. C6 2 kim loai tac dung dug voi dung dich H2SO, Ia Al va Fe. LE DANG KHUONG - NGUYEN XUAN TRUONG 237CHUONG 6: DAI CUONG VE KIM LOAI ‘Ta cé phuong trinh héa hoc cita céc phan éng : 2AL + 3H2S0¢ going > Alo(SO4)3 + 3Ha t Fe + H80s going —> FeSOy-+ He t -> Dap anB cau 2. Asai vi Cu khong phan tng voi HCI. Behing vi Fe, Al, Cr déu phan ‘eng v6i HCI va bi thy dong héa trong HNOs @ic ngudi. Ta cé cdc phwong trinh héa hoc cia céc phan tmg: Fe + 2HCI— FeCl. + Hat 2Al+ 6HCl— 2AlCls + 3H2t Cr+ 2HCl CrCl + Ht Csai vi Ag, Cu khong phan tng vi HCl. Dsai vi Mg phan tng véi HNO; dic, ngudi. > bap anB cau 3. Ta cé cdc phwong trinh héa hoc: 3Cu+SHNO, — 3Cu(NO,}, +2NOT + 4H,0 2Al + 3Pb{NO, ), > 2AI(NO,), + 3Pb) Al + 4HNO, + AI(NO,), + NOT + 2H,0 Zn+Pb(NO,}, — Zn(NO,)}, + Pot 32n+8HNO, —> 3Zn(NO,), +2NOT + 41,0. Fe+Pb(NO,), > Fe(NO,), +Pb+ fr +4HINO, — Fe(NO,)}, +NOT+2H,0 > Kim loai can tim|a Fe. ~ Bap dnD cau 4. ‘Ta c6 cdc phwrong trinh héa hoc: H,S+2FeCl, —>S1+ 2FeCl, + 2HCI H,S+CuCl, —>CuS 1 +2HCl AlCl, NH4Cl khong phan ting voi HS. ~ Két tita tao thanh gém Cus va, bap an D caus, Dung dich chi cé 1 chat tan -> kim loai cdn du va HNOs thiéu. ‘Tinh khtt cia Fe manh hon Cu > Fe phan ting truéc, kim loai dura Cu. HINO, thiéu nén chi tgo thinh mudi st{I1). Fe+4HNO, — Fe(NO,), +2NO, 1 +2H,0 238 LE DANG KHUONG - NGUYEN XUAN TRUONGCHUONG 6: DAI CUONG VE KIM LOAT > Chat tan 1a Fe(NOs)2 3 bap anD cau 6. Mg va Ca cing thuge nhém [1A > Tinh chat héa hoc trong tw nhau. ~> Bap an B cau 7. Mg tac dung duge véi S, CuSO, HC Mg +S— Mgs Mg+CuSO, —>Mgso, +Cu L Mg+2HCl——~»MgCl, +H, T > Dap anB cau 8, Kim loai tac dung v6i dung dich CuCl la Na, Ba, Mg, Fe Phuong trinh héa hgc: ‘2Na+2H,0—»2Na0H+H, T fe +2Na0H—+Cu(OH), + +2NaCl Ba +2H,0—»Ba(OH), +H, T fee +Ba(OH), —>Cu(OH), + +BaCl, Mg +CuCl, —>MgCl, +Cud Fe+CuCl, —>FeCl, +Cut A,D sai vi Ag khng phan ting v6i dung dich CuCh. C sai vi Hg khong phan ting voi dung dich CuCl > Dap 4nB cau 9. Ta c6 phwong trinh héa hoc: 3Fe+20, --->Fe,0, Fe,0, +8HCI—>2FeCl, + FeCl, +4H,0 > Dap 4nD Cau 10. A sai vi Cu kh6ng phan tmg voi HCL. B sai vi CuO khong phan trng voi Cu(NO:)2. D sai vi Hg khong phan ting voi Cu(NO:)2. Phuong trinh héa hoc: Fe + 2HCI > FeCl, +H, t fr + Cu(NO,),-> Fe(NO,), + Cub Ni+2HCI > Nicl, +H, t fr + Cu(NO,}, > Ni(no,), +Cud LE DANG KHUONG - NGUYEN XUAN TRUONG 239CHUNG 6: DAI CU'ONG VE KIM LOAI [Sn + 2HCl > SnCl, + H, T [Sn + Cu(NO,), -» Sn(NO,), + Cul > Dap an Em lam bai kiém tra dui day dé cling cé kién thikc nhét BAI KIEM TRA Cau 1. Cho day cdc kim loai: Fe, Cs, Be, Ca, Zn, Li. Sé kim loai trong day tac dung duoc v6i nuéc 6 nhiét 46 thudng la AA BA. ©3, D2. Cau 2. Trong s6 cdc kim loai sau: Fe, Ni, Cu, Zn, Na, Ba, Ag, Pb, Al s6 kim loai c6 phan img véi dung dich Ba(OH). 1a AB, B6. C4. D.S. Cau 3. Clo va axit HCI tac dung voi kim loai nao thi cling tao ra mét loal muéi? A.Fe. B.Cu. Cag D.Zn, ‘Céu 4, Magie c6 thé chdy trong khi C02, tgo ra mét chat bot mau den. Céng thttc hod hoc eda chat nay 1a AC. B. MgO. C.Mg.t. D. MgCO3. Cau 5. Kim loai M phan tng duge voi: dung dich H2S0, loaing, dung dich AgNO2, dung dich HNOs (dc, ngu@i). Kim logi M1 A.Re, BAL Mg. D.Ag. Cau 6. Cho cdc chat sau: Clz (1), Iz (2), dung dich HNOs lodng (3), H2SO«(dac, nguéi) (4), dung dich AgNO; du (5), dung dich NHsNOs (6). V6i chat nao trong cdc hoa chat trén thi Fe tée dung to ra san phém 18 hop chat Fe(IIN)? A.(1), (2), 3), (5), (6). B. (1), (3), (4), (6). ©. (1), (3), 6). D. (1), (2), (4), (6). Cau 7. Thyc hign thi nghiém sau: Qué trinh 1: Cho bari vao nuréc duge dung dich A. Qué trinh 2 : Cho lgng du dung dich NazCO; vao dung djch A rdi ddn tiép lubng kh COva0 dén du, Hign twong thu durge 6 2 qué trinh Ban lugt la A. Sit bot khf ; xudt hign két tia tring sau dé két tia tan. B, Bari tan; xuat hign ket tia trang, C. Bari tan, sdi bot khi; xut hién két tia trang. B. Bari tan, siti bot Ieh{; xudt hign két tia tréng sau dé két tia tan. Cau 8: Kim loai phan tmg voi dung dich HCI va khf Clz cho cing san phém la A.Fe, B.Cu, Zn, D.cr Cau 9: Kim loai vita phan ting duoc véi dung dich HCI, vira phan ting véi dung dich NaOH loang la AFe, B.Ag. CAL D.Cr, Cau 40: Kim loai kthéng phan ting dug voi dung dich H2S0s loang a ARe, B. Pb. CMg. D.Ag. 240 LE BANG KHUONG - NGUYEN XUAN TRUONGCHUONG 6: DAL CUONG VE KIM LOAL pAp AN i 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 c c D A c c D c c D HUONG DAN GIAT cau i. C6 3 kim loai tac dung voi née & nhiét 46 thudng la Cs, Ca, Li Be ciing thugc nhém IIA nhung khdng téc dung v6i mde nhiét a6 thedng (SGK 12 corban - trang 114). 2Cs+ 2H,0 > 2CsOH +H, t Ca+2H,0 — Ca(OH), +H, T 2Li+2H,0 > 2LiOH +H, > Bap an cau 2. Phuong trinh héa hoc: * Zn+Ba(OH), > BaZnO, +H, T * 2Na+2H,0 — 2NaOH +H, T * Ba+2H,0 — Ba(OH), +H, t * 2Al+Ba(OH), + 2H,0 > Ba(AlO,), +3H, 7 ~~ Céc kim logi tac dung v6i dung dich Ba(OH); 1a Zn, Na, Ba, Al > Bap an C Cau 3. Asai vi: fe 4+3C1, 5 2FeCl, = thu duge 2 loat mudi Fe+2HCl— FeCl, + H, T B, Csai vi Cu, Ag khong phan tng v6i HCL Ddingvi {eee > intl, = thu duge 1 loai mudi. In+2HCl—> ZnCl, + H, T ~ Dap anD cau 4. Phuong trinh héa hoc: 2Mg +CO, —*->2Mg0+C den MgO c6 mau tring, bét C cd mau den. > Bap an A cau 5. M téc dung véi dung dich HNOs (dc, ngudi) > Loai A, B M tdc dung durgc voi dung dich H2S0z, AgNOs > Loai D > MlaMg Phuong trinh héa hoc: LE BANG KHUONG - NGUYEN XUAN TRUONG 241CHUONG 6; DAI CUONG VE KIM LOAL Zn+H,S0, > ZnSO, +H, ‘Zn+2AgNO, ~» Zn(NO,), +2Ag + ‘Zn + 4HINO3 asc npn > Zn(NOs}2 + 2NO2 + 2H20 = Dap én C Cau 6. Fe khéng tac dung véi HzS0, (dae, ngudi) (4), dung dich NHNOs (6). Fe tac dung véi Cla (1), f2(2), dung dich HNOs loaing (3), dung dich AgNOs du (5). Phuong trinh héa hoc: 2Fe + 3Cl, > 2FeCl, Fe+1,—“>Fel, Fo+4HNO, —>Fe(NO,), +NOT+2H,0 Fe+ 3AgNOs au Fe(NO3)3 + 3AgL Trudng hop tao ra mudi sit(IIl) 1a Cl (1), dung dich HNOs loang (3), dung dich AgNO, dw (5). > Bap an cau. (Qué trinh 1: Ba tan, sii bot khf: Ba + 2H,0 —» Ba(OH), +H, T Qué trinh 2: Xuat bién két tia: Ba(OH), + Na,CO, - BaCO, | + 2NaQH Kéttda tan: CO, +BaCO, +H,0 > Ba(HCO,), > Dap AnD cau 8, Asai vi: Fe + 2HCI— FeCl + Hz 2Fe + 3Cl, > 2FeCls B sai vi Cu kh6ng phan éng véi dung dich HCL € dang vi Zn + 2HCl> ZnCl + Het Zn+Ck —" ZnCh Dsaivi: Cr+ 2HCI = CrCl, + Hat 2Cr + 3Ck —“-» 2CrCls > Dap an€ cau 9. Kim loai vira phan ting dwgc v6i dung dich HCI, vita phan ting voi dung dich NaOH 242 LE DANG KHUONG - NGUYEN XUAN TRUONGCHUONG 6: DALCUONG ¥ Jong 12 Al 2Al + 2NaQH + 2H20 ~* 2NaAlQ2 + 3Hat 2Al + OEIC! — 2AlCls + 3HeT Asai vi Fe khéng phan tmg véi dung djch NaOH Bsai vi Ag kchOng phan ting vi dung dich HCl va NaOH D sai vi Cr phan tng v6i dung dich NaOH dae ~~ Dap an can 10, Kim loai dting sau H trong day dign héa khong phan ng durge voi dung dich HoSOx loang > Kim loai khong phan tng dwoc voi dung dich H,S0« loaing la Ag > bap 4n D DANG 4: An mon kim loai va chdng fin mon kim loai Didu kién xdy ra An mon Gign héa hoe: > Céc dign cye khac nhau v8 ban chat, > Cac dign cyc tiép xic trixe tiép ho§c gidn tiép voi nhau. > Cac dign cye cing tiép xtc voi dung dich dién li. Bao vé kim loai: i V Phuong php bio vé bé mat: son, ma, boi dau mé,... 1 fang kim loai cé tinh khir manh hon lam vat } ge BALTAP MAU 2s Coban ‘Cau 1. Loai phan tng hod hoc nao xay ra trong qué trinh 4a mon kim loai? A. Phan ting thé. B, Phan ting oxi hod - hit. ¢. Phan tng phan huy. D. Phan tng hod hop. Rwong dan giai Sy in mon kim loai la sy pha hy kim loai hoc hop kim do téc dung cia mdi truéng: M->M™ + ne (Sy oxi hda) — Phan tmg xy ra trong an mon kim loai la phan ting oxi héa - khit > Dap anB (Cau 2. Trong an mon dign hoa hoc xay ra A. sw oxi hod & cc dwong va sy khiré cue am. B.sy oxi hod ¢ eye am. C. sy khir & eye dong. D. si ox hod & eye am va sur khir 6 cue dong, Fwong daa gial LE DANG KHUONG - NGUYEN XUAN TRUONG 243CHUONG 6: DAI CUONG VE KIM LOAI Trongn man dién héa hoc: Tai cwe dm: M>M™ +ne > Xay ra sy oxi héa & cue am va sur khir 6 cuc dong, > Dap anD Cau 3. Cho lé Al vio dung dich HCI, c6 Kkh{ thoat ra, Sau d6, thém vai giot dung dich CuSO. vao dung dich thu durge A. phan img ngimg lai, B, tc d6 thoat khi khéng déi. €. tc d6 thodt khi giam, D. téc dé thoat khi tang. Hwéng dan giai Céc qué trinh xdy ra nhuw sau; 2Al + 6HCl— 2AlCls + 3Hat 2Al + 3CuSOs—> Al(S0,)s + 3Cud ~ Cu tao ra bam lén Al va hinh thanh 2 dign euc cling tigp xiic voi dung djch dign li. > Xay ra an mon dién héa hoc ~ tc d9 thodt khi tang, + Dap nD Cau 4. Trung hop nao sau day xay ra 4n mon dién hod hoc? A. Soi day bac nhting trong dung dich HNO, B. Détl sat trong khf Cl. C. Thanh nhém nhting trong dung dich H2S0, loang, D. Thanh kém nhting trong dung dich CuSOs. Hwong dan giai A sai vila an mon héa hoc, khéng hinh thinh hal dién cc méi: 3Ag +4HNO, “> 3AgNO, + NOT +2H,0 B sai vila 3n mon héa hoe: 2Fe+3Cl,—* >2FeCl, Csai vila &n mon héa hoc, khong hinh thanh hai dién cwe m 2A1+3H,S0,—>Al, (SO, }, +3H, T D ding vi sau khi xay ra phan ting thi Cu sinh ra bam vao thanh Zn, ~ Xuat hign hign turong an mon dién héa hgc (do 2 kim loai tiép xtic tryc tip voi nhau va cing nhting vao dung dich Zn + Cu* > Zn*+ Cut > Dap anD Cau 5. C6 4 dung dich rigng bigt: CuS0,, ZnCle, FeCls, AgNO. Nhiing vao méi dung dich mot thanh Ni, $6 tredng hop xuat hign an man dién hod hoc la AL B.A, ©3. Hw6ng dn giai %* CuSO«: An mon dign héa hoc vi hinh thanb hai dign cyc Ni va Cu tiép xcic tryc tiép v6i nhau va cing trong dung dich dign li fa mu6i Ni va. Cu?*, Phuong trinh héa hoc: Ni +Cu*— Ni* + Cul % UnChs: ZnClp + Ni khong phan ting. > Khéng c6 hign tong an mar % FeCl: An mon héa hoc vi khong hinh thanh dién cc méi. 244 LEDANG KHUONG - NGUYEN XUAN TRUONGCHUONG 6: DAL CUONG VE KIM LOAi Phuong trinh héa hoe: Ni + 2Fe* — Ni* + 2Fe* + AgNOs: An mon dién héa hoc vi hinh thanh dién cc Ni va Ag tlép xtc tryc tiép v6i nhau va cling trong dung dich dign Ii la mudi Niz* va Ag’. Phuong trinh héahoc: Ni + 2Ag*——>Ni* + 2Agd- C6 2 truong hop xuat hign an man dién héa hoc, > Dap anD Cau 6. DE bao vé vé tau bign (bang thép), & phn ngam duéi née nguéi ta gin kim loai no vao v6 tau? AL Fe, B.Zn. D. Ag. BE bao vé vé tau bién (bdo vé st) ta cn gén céc kim loaf cé tinh khér manh hon Fe 8 Fe durgc bao vé. Tinh kinir cia cdc kim loai trén duge s4p xép theo chiéu gidm dan nhu sau: Zn>Fe>Cu>Ag > Ding Zn dé bao vé vé tau. > Dap nB ~= Van dung Cau 7. Mét soi day ding néi v6i mot soi day nhém dé ngoai trdi, Dau ndi sé A. bén, ding duge lau dai. B, khong bn, o6 hign tugng an mon dién hoa. C. kh6ng bn, cé hién tugng an mdn hoa hoc. D. khéng c6 hién tong gi xy ra. Hw6ng dan giai Khi néi 2 sgi day Al — Cu dw6i téc dong cita méi trudng sé xay ra hién tong an mon dign héa hgc (day nhom déng vai tré cue am va day dong déng vai trd cc duong). — Soi day Al bi an mon = Dap anB CAu 8. Cac vat dung bing nhém va kém dé ngoai khéng khi bén la do chiing cé mét mang méng bio vé, Mang mang nay 1a A. oxit. B, mudi. C. hidroxit. D. kim loai. Hwéng dn gidi Khi & ngodi kh6ng kh dm xy ra cdc phan ting: 4A + 302 > 2AL03 2En +029 2720 Lop mang oxit nay méng, min va bén chac bio vé vat dung kh6ng bj an mon. = Dap ana Cau 9, Trudng hop nao vat dung bi Zin mon dign hoa? A. Vat dung bang sit dat trong phan xuéng san xudt c6 mit khi clo. B. Thiét bi bang kim loai 616 dét. C. Ong dan hoi nwéc bing sat. D. Ong dan khi dét bang hop kim st dat trong long dat. Hwéng dan giai LE DANG KHUONG - NGUYEN XUAN TRUONG 245CHUONG 6: DAL CLYONG VE KIM LOAL Biéu kign an mon dién héa hoc: + Cac dign cyc phai khéc nhau vé ban chat (cip 2 kim loai, cp kim loal phi kim). ‘+ Tigp xiic tryc tiép hod gidn tip voi nhau qua day dan, iép ic cling mot dung dich chat dién li, A lan mon héa hoc vi khong hinh thanh 2 dién cye: Phuongtrinh héahoc: 2Fe + 3Cl,— 2FeCls., Bla An mdn héa hoc vi khong hinh thanh 2 dign eye: Phuong trinh héahoc: 4M +0; 2M20, C14 an man héa hoc vi khéng hinh thanh 2 dién cue, Phuong trinh héa hoc: 3Fe + 4H20 nr "5 > Fes0, + 4He Fe + H20 =" 5 FeO + He D dting vi hop kim ciia sat (chi yéu gdm Fe va C), trong long dat c6 H20, C02, O2,... tao thanh dung dich ch&t dién li trén b8 m&t hgp kim. > Xuat hign an mon dién héa hoc (Fe cyc am bi an mén, cacbon 1a cyc duong). + Dap nD Cau 10. Ban chat chung ctia in man dién hod va in mén hod hoc 1a A. c6 phat sinh dong dién. 8B electron cita kim loai dwg chuyén truc tiép sang mi C. nhiét 46 cang cao t6c 46 an mon cng nhanh. 1D. du la céc qué trinh oxi hod - khit. Hwéng din giai Ban chat chung eta an mon dién héa hoe va an mon héa hoc déu Ia qua trinh oxi hod = khit (SGK 12 co’ ban - trang 92). = Dap aad BAL TAP TY LUYEN 1 ‘Cau 1. Dé an man dién héa hoc xdy ra thi cin diéu kién nao sau day? A. Cac dién ewe phai khacnhau vé ban chat. B. Kim loai phai nhting trong dung dich chat dién li €. Dign eye phal la kim logi, dugc két néi tryc tiép {hode gan tiép) véi nhau va cling tiép xiie voi dung dich chat dién Ii. D. Dién cuc phai khéc nhau vé ban chat va céc dién cc dug ndi truc tigp (ho§e gidn tiép) v6i nhau, chng tiép xtic véi méi tru’ng. Cau 2, Dat mét vat bang hop kim Zn- Cu trong khéng khi 4m. Qué trinh xdy raé ce Am la AZn— Zn* + 2e B.Cu-> Cu + 2e C.2H+ + 2e—> Hy D. 2120 + 2e > 20H--+ He Cau 3. Mét vat bing Fe trang Zn dat trong dung dich chat dién Ii, Néu cé nhimg vét xay sét sau dén bén trong thi vat sé bj an mon dién hod. Qua trinh xay ra & cue durong 1a A.Zn Zn? + 2e B.Pe > Fe +2e €.2H* + 2e— Hat D.2H20+ 02+ 4e—> 40H" * Cac céu 4, 5,6,7,8 sir dung dit kign sau: nwong tac dung. 246 LE DANG KHUONG - NGUYEN XUAN TRUGNGCHUONG 6: DALCVONG VE Losi Cé hai cdc X, Y nhu nhau d@u chéra dung dich H2S0, loang vA mét dinh sat. Nh thém vao cdc ¥ vai gigt dung dich CuSO.. ‘CAu 4. Trong ¢6¢ X c6 bot Hz thoat ra ty A. day ce, B. dung dich H2S0s. C. bé mat dinh sat. D, b8 mat dung dich. Cau 5. Trong c6c X, theo théi gian bot khf thodt ra A. nhanh din. B. khong ddi. €. cham dn, D. khong déu. Cu 6. Phan tng xy ra trong cécX la A, Fe + 2H! Fe® + yt B. Fe + H20 > FeO + Hat C. Fe + Cut» Fee + Cub D. 2H,0 > 2Hat + Oat Cu 7. Trong cée ¥ cé bot khf Hz thoat ra nhiéu nhdt tie A. bé mat dinh sat. B. dung dich H2SOs. C. cdc tinh thé Cu bam trén dinh s&t. D, céc phan tir CuSO, thém vao, Cau 8. Binh s&té cdc Y tan nhanh hon é6c X 1a do A, sit téc dung vi hai cht CuSO. va H2S04 —_B. 06 chat xtic tac 14 CuSOs. €. Kh6ng c6 sy can tré’ cia bot khi Hs. D. dinh sit bi an mon 4ién hod. Cau 9. Néu cling nhiing 2 thanh Cu, Zn dwgc néi véi nhau bing mot day dan vao mét binh thug tinh chia dung djch HCI tht A. khong cé hign tong gt. B. c6 hién tong 4n mon dién hod hoc xay ra, Hz thoat ra tir thanh Cu. €.c6 hign tugng Zn mon hod hoc xay ra, Cu bj an man, D. cé hign tugng 4n mon dign hod hoc xay ra, He thoat ra tir thanh Zn, Cau 10. Dé bao vé kim loai khéi sy An man, c6 cdc phwong phap sau (1) Cach ti kim logi voi mai treong. (4) Dang chat chéng an mon. (2) Ding hop kim chéng gi. (5) Lau chi thurong xuyén. (@) Danh béng bé mat kim loai, (6 Dang phuong phép dign hod. Phuong phap ding la A-(1), (2), 8), (4). B. (3), (4), (5), (6). C.(1), (2), 3), 4), 6). D. (1), (2), (4), (5), (6)- DAP AN 1 2 3 q 5 6 7 8 9 70 A D c C A C D B D LE BANG KHUONG - NGUYEN XUAN TRUONG 247CHUONG 6: DAI CUONG VE KIM LOAI HUONG DAN GIAI Cau 1. ‘iéu kign xay ra an mon dign héa hoc: > Cac dign cyc khéc nhau vé ban chat. > Cac dién cyc tigp nic truc tiép hoc gidn tip. > Cac dién cuc ciing tip xiic voi dung dich dign i, ~ Dap an D cau 2. Khi dit vat bang hgp kim Zn - Cu trong khéng khi 4m xay ra hién tuong an mon dién 6a hoc (Zn c6 tinh khirmanb hon [a exe am, Cu la cuc duong) ‘Tal cyc am: Zn bj oxi hoa Zn > Zn2* + 2e, Tai cc duong: Oxi bj khir 2H,0 + 0, + 4e —> 20H" > Dap ana cau3. Khi dat vat bang hop kim Zn - Fe trong dung dich dign li x4y ra qué trinh an mon ign héa hoc (Zn c6 tinh khir manh hon I& cye am, Fe la eye dong) ‘Tai cc dm: Zn bj oxi héa Zn > Zn +2e Tai cc duong: Fe dug bao vé, oxi bj khir 2H,0-+ 4e +0, > 40H” = Bap nD Cau 4. Khi thoat ra 6 b8 mat thanh kim loai Fe tiép xtic voi dung dich axit > Bap an caus, ‘Theo thdi gian phan tng hrong axit gidm, wong muéi ting ~ Téc 46 phan tng gidm do dé long khi sinh ra cham dan. > Dap dn cau 6. Phan ting xdy ra 6 X: Fe + 2H* > Fe? + HoT Dap ana cau7, ¥ Trong céc Y: Sau phan ting Fe + Cu > Fe + Cub. Xuat hign 2 dién cuc Fe-Cu (Cu sinh ra bim vao dinh Fe) cing nhiing vao dung dich H2S04 ~ xay ra hign twong an mon dién héa hoc. % Vi kim loai Cu sinh ra déng vai tro cure duong, Fe la cuc am > Qua trinh xay ra 6 che dign eye: (Cuc duong: 2H" +2e > H, ‘Cyc am: Fe > Fe” +2e > Dap anc cau 8, % Theo cu (7) trong 8c ¥ cé cp Fe - Cu dug nhiing trong dung dich H:50s, % Trong c6c X kh6ng hinh thanh 2 dign eye > xdy ra an mon héa hoc. ~ Téc 49 bi in mon cita Fe trong cc Y nhanh hon trong cécX. > Dap an D ? — Khf sé thodt ra nhigu nhat 6 phan Cu bam vao. 248 LE DANG KHUONG - NGUYEN XUAN TRUONGCHUONG 6: BAI CUONG VE KIM LOAI Ciud, Khi nhiing 2 kim loal (tiép xic gidn tiép qua day dn) trong mot dung dich HCL > Xuét hign hign tong an mon dién héa hoc, Cul cyc duong, Zn a cye 2m bj an mdn Qué trinh xay ra tai cdc dién cue bi: Tai cuc 4m (Zn): Zn -> Zn** +20 Tai cye (Cu): 2H” + 2e +H, T — Khi He thoat ra 6thanh Cu, > Dap énB Cau 10. (4) ding vi néu khng cho moi rung tip xiic véi kim loai thi sé khéng c6 qué trinh, oxi ha - khir xdy ra, (2) diing (SGK 12 co ban - trang 94). (3) sal vi khi 4anh béng kim loai lam lép kim loai m6i tiép sic moi trong tdt hon va kim loai dé bj an mon hon, (4) ding vi cc phwong phdp &n mon héa hoc déu sir dung céc loai héa chat khac nhau gitip bao vé kim loai khéng bi an mon hoc lam chm qué trinh n mon (SGK 12 co ban - trang 94). (5) ding viJau chi thudng xuyén giip tranh sy tiép xtc cia nhiing chat la 6 trén bB mat kim loai khong gay an mon kim loai gitip bao vé kim loai. (6) ding (SGK 12 co ban - trang 94). = Dap an D BAL TAP TY LUYEN 2 Cau 1, Mét vat bing s&t, duoc tréng thiéc 6 bé ngoai. Do va cham, trén bé mit c6 vét xx6c 16i lop sat bén trong, Hign tong gi xdy ra kthi dé vat 46 ngoai khong khi 4m? ‘A. Thiéc bj an mon nhanh hon. B.O ché bi xuéc sat sé bi gi, sat bi an mon dién héa hoc. . Thiéc sé bj oxi hod béi oxi khong khi, D, 0 ché xwéc sat bi gi va thiéc bi an mén nhanh hon, ‘Cau 2. Hop kim nao sau day cita sit bi an mon chém nhat? A. Fe - Ni. B. Fe-Sn. c. Fe-Cu. D, Fe- Ag. ‘Cau 3. Dé bao vé nBi hoi bing thép khdi bj in mdn, ngwdi ta thuéng lét nhiing Id kém vio. mit trong cta nBi hoi. Phuong phap bio vé kim loai é day 1a phwong an nao? ‘A. CAch li kim logi véi moi truong. B, Ding hop kim ch6ng gi. C, Ding chat chdng &n mon. D. Ding phuong php dién hod. Cau 4; Cho thanh kém va thanh ding tigp xic qua day dan va nhiing vao dung djch axit sunfuric (nhw hinh vé) thay c6 bot khi thoat ra 6 trén thanh dng, ménh d8 nao sau dling? A. Day Ia hién twgng n mon héa hoc. B. Day la hign tong an mon dign héa hoc. c. Bong phan ting v6i axit sunfuric sinh ra kh hidro. D, Dong oxi héa axit sinh ra khf hidro. LE DANG KHUONG - NGUYEN XUAN TRUONG 249CHUONG 6: DAL CUONG VE KIM LOAI Cau 5.Trudng hop nao sau day chi x4y ra an mon hod hoc? A.Thiét bj bang thép cia nha may san xudt NaOH va HCI tiép xtie Cl. B.DE mot vat bing gang ngoai kh6ng khi dm. C.Ngam kém trong dung dich H2S0 loang c6 vai giot dung dich CuSOs. D.Tén lop mai nha bi xdy sat tiép xtic voi khong khi 4m. Cau 6. gam mét lé Zn tinh khiét vio dung dich HCI thay bot khi thoat ra it va cham. Néu cho vao dung dich mét it NaCl thi téc d@ siti bot khi sé thay ddi thé nao? A.Cham hon, B.Khong adi. .Nhanh hon. D.Cham hon sau 46 nhanh hon, Cau 7.Ngudi ta thudng ding ton (st trang kém) dé lam céc vat dung vi A.lop ma kém trang dep hon, B.khi tréc lép ZnO thi sét vin tiép tuc duge bao vé. G.khi tiép xiic v6i khong khi 4m thi kém s@ bj oxi hod trezéc, st khéng bi oxi hod. D.kém L& kim loai hoat dng yéu hon sat. Cau 8.C6 cdc kim loai Cu, Mg, Zn, Pb. Dé bo vé vé tau bign cin gin lén thanh tau kim Jogi nao? A.Chi c6 Mg. B.Chi cé Zn. C.Chic6 Mg Zn. D.Chic6 Pb, Zn. Cau 9.Nhan dinh nao sau day khong ding? A.Dé 49 vat bang thép ra ngoai khéng khi 4m thi dd vat d6 sé bi an mon dién héa hoc. B.Cc thiét bj may méc bang kim loai tiép xtic v6i hei nuéc & nhiét 46 cao cé kha nang bi &n mon héa hoc. C.Gén manh Zn véi v6 tau thiiy bing thép thi vé tau thiy sé duge bao vé. D.Mgt migng v6 dé hop lam bang sat tay (sdt trang thiéc) bi xay sat tan bén trong, @é trong khong khi am thi thiéc sé bj an mon dién héa hoc. Cau 10. Trong céc trudng hop sau, trudng hop nao kim loai bi an mon dién héa hoc? A.Cho kim logi Mg vao dung dich HS04 loang, B.Thép cacbon & trong khéng ki m, C.Cho kim loai Cu vao dung dich hén hgp NaNO va HCl. D.Dét day Fe trong khi oxi. DAP AN 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 B A D B A B c B D B HUONG DAN GIAL cau. Khi vét xuéc t6i l6p sat bén trong ~ Fe va Sn cling tiép xiic voi khong Khi mm. ~ Xay ra hién tuong din mon dién héa hgc (Fe déng vai tra cyc 4m, Sn déng val trd cc ducong). Tai cyc am (Fe): Fe + Fe? + 2e (Fe bj oxi héa — xudt hién gi sat). Tai cyrc duong (Sn): 2H,0 +0, + 4e->OH™ > Sat bj giva st bj an man dién héa hoe. ~ Dap 4nB 250 LE DANG KHUONG - NGUYEN XUAN TRUONGCHUONG 6: DAI CUONG VE KIM LOA cau2. % Tinh khtt cia cic kim loai dugc sap xép theo chiéu gidm dan: Fe > Ni> Sn >Cu> Ag. — Fe cé tinh khir manh hon 4 kim logi con Iai. = Khi cho cd 4 cp kim loai vao trong méi trong chat dién li déu xdy ra an mon din héa hgc (Fe !& eye 4m va bj an mon). % Tuy nhién, trong 4 cip kim loai trén, tinh Khir ca Fe, Ni khong khde nhau nhiéu = Cae dign ce khéng khéc nhau nhiéu > kha nang an mén bj gidm. ~ C§p bin mon ch§m nhatlaFe-Ni, > DAp an A cau 3. % Ban du, ndi hoi bi an mén dign héa hoc do 2 dién cyc Fe va C tip xc try tiép véi nhau va cing tiép xtic véi méi trudng Zin mon (kh ca nBi hoi, thép 18 hop kim ctia Fe va C). = Fe déng vai trd cue am (tinh khir manh hon), Cla cue dong. ‘+ Qua trinh xdy ra 6 cde dign cuc la: Tai cyc 4m sat bi an mon: Fe > Fe + 2e Tai cyre dong: 2H,0 + 02+ 4e > 40H. 4 Khi lét hing lé Zn vao mat trong ndi hoi : Do tinh khit cia Zn manh hon Fe Zn déng vai trd ce am ‘Tai crc am xay ra qua trinh: Zn Zn’ + Ze = La kém bj n mén, ndi hoi duge bao v4. —+ Phuong php bao vé trén 1a phurong phap ign hod hoc, => Dap anD cau 4. An mon dign héa hgc vi théa man 3 dieu ki © Hai dign cyc khac nhau v8 ban chat, © Tiép xtic gidn tiép voi nhau qua day dan. ‘ Ching nhiing vao dung dich chat dign li, Zn déng vai trd cwe arm (-) xy ra qué trinh oxi héa: Zn > Zn? + 2e. Gu déng vai trd cwe duong (+) xéy ra qua trinh khirt 2H* + 2e > Het. > Dap anB cau 5. A 1.4n mon héa hoc vi khong hinh thanh 2 dign ce. Phuong trinh héa hoc: 2Fe + 3Ch —* 2FeCls. B [a an mon dién héa hoc vi 2 dign cy Fe va C tiép xtic truc tiép voi nhau va cling tigp xiic v6i khéng khf 4m (gang la hgp kim ctia Fe va C). € 1a an mon diéh héa hoc vi hinh thanh 2 din cye Zn ~ Cu cling tiép xtc voi dung dich chat dign L, Phan teng héa hoe: Cu + Zn > Zn + Cul. D 1a n mon dién héa hoe vi ton (s&t trang kém) bi xay xat lam 16 ra phan tiép xtic gitta 2 kim loai va cling tiép xiic véi khOng khi am. cu cling tiép xiic vol méi trudngdignli, = > Bap an A LE DANG KHUONG - NGUYEN XUAN TRUONG 251CHUONG 6: DAI CUONG VE KIM LOAI Cau 6, Zn phan éng voi HCl: Zn + 2HC1— ZnCl + Het Khi nhé thém vao mét it dung djch NaCl khang xay ra phan ting, khong cé an mon aign hoa ~ Tc dé sii bot khi khong ai > Dap anB cau 7. Fe va Zn dong vai trd 1a 2 dién cyc, tiép xite truc tiép voi nhau va cling tiép xtc voi khéng khi €m > xdy ra 4n mon dién hod hoc Qué trinh xay ra 6 céc dign oye la: Tai cyc Am (dién cyc Zn): Zn > Zn2 + 2e ‘Tai cwe duvong (dién ewe Fe): 2H20 +02 + 4e -» 40H" > Khi cho ton tiép xiic v6i khéng khi 4m Zn bi oxi héa truéc, Fe duoc bdo ve. > Dap an cau 8, Khi cho tau bién xudng bién sé xiy ra hién tung &n mon dién hoa hoc. S&t d6ng vai tré cuc am, bj an mn: Fe + Fe? + 2e ~ Dé blo v9 vé thu clin ding cdc kim loai 6 tinh kh manh hon Fe lam eye am, ~ Céc kim loai c6 thé ding dé bao vé vé tau la Mg, Zn. % Trong thy té: Mg la kim loai cé tinh khir manb, & dang phoi bao va chi phi cao. — Khéng ding Mg dé bdo vé v6 tau. > Dap anB cau 9. A diing vi 46 vat bang thép (hop kim cia Fe v6i C va mét sé kim loai khic) Ichi tiép xtic v6i kh6ng kh{ 4m thi xudt hign hign tugng dn mon dién héa hoc. Cucam (Fe ): Fe Fet +e Cyc durong (C): 2:0 + 02 + 4e > 40" B ding vi khi 6 nhigt 9 cao hoi nu6c sé truc tgp an man kim loai @é tao oxit kim loai. > Kn mon héa hoc. Caiing vi phuong phap bao vé kim loai bang phuong php an mon dién héa hoc (SGK 12 corban - trang 94). D sai vi v6 d® hdp bang sdt tay (Fe trang Sn) bj xay xét vao bén trong gay in mon ign héa hoc khi tigp atic voi khOng kehi 4m. > Fe li crc am (bj n mon), Sn 1a ewe duong (duoc bao ve). > Dap anD Cau 10. 252 A sai vila an mn héa hoc, khng hinh thanh 2 dién cyc: Mg + H:SOx—> MgSO. + Het B ding vi 2 dign cye Fe va C tiép xac tryc tigp voi nhau va ching trong khong khi 2m (thép cacbon J hop kim ciia Fe va C). Cssai vi la n mon héa hoc, khdng hinh thanh 2 dién cye: 3Cut 8H" +2NO; -> 3Cu*+2NOT+ 41,0 D sai vi la an mon héa hoc, khéng hinh thanh 2 dién cue: 3Fe + 202 —*-> Fea, ~ Dap anB LE DANG KHUONG - NGUYEN XUAN TRUONGCHUONG 6; DAI CUONG VE KIM LOAI Em lam bai kiém tra dui day cing cé kién thi¢c nhé! BAI KIEM TRA Caw 4. Phat biéu nao sau day 1a ding? A. An mén dién héa hoc khéng phat sinh dong dién. B. An mon dign héa hoc ld qua trinh oxi ha - kh. €. An man héa hoe, cic electron cita kim loai chuyén dai tiv cyc 4m aén cuc duong. D. Chi cé 1 phurong phap dé chdng fin man kim logi la bao vé b8 mat, Cau 2. Phat biéu nao du6i day khong ding? A. Tink chathéa hge dc trung eda kim logi 1a tinh kh, B. Ban chat cita an mn kim loai la qué trink oxi héa- khik. ©. An mon héa hoc phat sinh dong dign. D. Nguyén téc chung dé diéu ché kim loai la khit ion kim loai thanh nguyén ti kim joa. Cau 3. Nhting thanh Fe vao dung dich CuSOz, mé td nao duv6i day khong pha hgp voi thf nghiém? A. Dung dich sau phan ng e6 mau vang nau. B. Mau xanh eta dung dich bj nhat dn, C. B& mt thanh kim loai cé mau dé dong. D. Thanh sat bj tan dn. Cau 4: Sy phé hily kim loai hay hyp kim do kim loai téc dung tryc tip vai cée chat oxi héa trong méi trudng duge goi la A. sw an mon dign héa hoe. B. sy tac dung cia kim loai v6i nuée. C. swan man héa hoc. D. sw tac dung ciia kim loai véi oxi. ‘Cau 5: Nhing thanh kém va thanh dng (khdng tiép xitc voi nhau) vao 6c dung dung dich H,SOs loaing, N6i thanh kém véi thanh dng qua day din cho di qua mot dién ké, Hién twongxay ra & cue am la A. kém bj in mon, Zn > Zn? + 2e. B. Sng bj an mon, Cu» Cu?* + 2e, C.c6 khi He thoat ra, 2H” + 2e > B, D. c6 khi Oz thoat ra, 2H,0 + 4e > 4H" + 0,. Cau 6. Khi nao sau day trong khi quyén khéng gay ra sy 4n min kim loai? AO2. B.COn CHO. D.Na Cau 7: Sau mét ngay lao dng, ngwdi ta pha Lam vé sinh b8 mat kim loai cita cdc thiét bi may méc, dung cu lao dng. Viée lam nay e6 mye dich chinb 1a gi? A. Han ché qué trinh an ménciakimloal. —-_-B- B€ khong gay 6 nhiém moi trudng. C.Dé khong am bin quan dokhilaodgng. —-—D- D& kim loai sng béng dep mat. Cau 8: Thi nghiém xay ra an mon dign héa la A. Nhiing thanh s&t'vao dung dich H2S0, loang. B. Dot chay thanh s4t trong khi clo. G. Nhiing thanh Ag vio dung dich HNOs. D. Nhung thanh kém vda dung dich CuSOs, ‘LE DANG KHUGNG - NGUYEN XUAN TRUONG 253CHU'ONG 6: DAI CUONG VE KIM LOAI Cau 9: Trong khong khf 4m vat lim bing chat ligu n&o duéi day thi sé xay ra hién twong sitbi an mdn dign héa hoc? A. ‘T6n (st trang kém) bi tray xw6c dén lép sft bén trong. B. sat trang nhém bj tray xuéc dén lop sat bén trong. C. sat tay (sat trang thiée) bi tray xwéc dén lop sit bén trong. D. Hop kim Al - Fe trang thiéc bj tray xu6c-4én kim loai bén trong, €4u 10. Cho cdc phat biéu sau: a) Trong an mon din héa hoc, qua trinh xay ra & cuc 4m I& qué trinh oxi héa, ) Xudt hién dong din mét chiéu khi an mon din h6a hoc xAy ra. ©) An mon héa hoc cé cing ban chat v6i an mon dién héa hoc. 4) Khi nbigt 6 tng, kim logi bi an mdn nhanh hon. e) An mon kim loai luén phai xay ra sy kh kim loai thanh hgp chat. #) Bigu kign xay ra din mén dign héa hoc la: cdc dién ewe khac nhau ve ban chat, ciing nhuing vao dung dich chat dién Ii 6 phat biéu ding 1a Ag B.3 C4 D.s DAP AN T z 3 t 5 6 7 8 9 10 B c a a D a D c B HUONG DAN GIAL cau, A sai vi an mon dién héa hoc khong phat sinh dong din mot chiéu. B ding € sai vi an mon héa hoc, céc electron ciia kim loai duge chuyén truc tigp én céc chat trong méi trong D sai vi cé 2 phurong phdp dé chéng an mon kim loai la bao vé b mit va bao vé dién héa. = Dap an B cau2, A ding (SGK 12 co ban - trang 85). B ding (SGK 12 co ban - trang 92). C sai vian mon héa hoc kh6ng phat sinh dng dién (SGK 12 co ban - trang 92). D fing (SGK 12 co ban - trang 96). = Dap anc cau 3. Phuong trinh héa hgc: Fe + CuSQs > Cu! (nasas) + FeSO, mau xanh khong mau ~ Sau 1 théi gian phan tng, mau xanh cia dung dich nhat dan, trén bé mat ctia thanh Fe xuat hién 1 lop Cu mau 46 bam vaio. > Dap An A 254 LB BANG KHUONG - NGUYEN XUAN TRUONG:CHUONG 6: DAI CUONG VE KIM LOAL Cau4. ‘Sw an mon héa hoc 14 qua trinh oxi héa - kit, trong dé cac electron cia kim loai duc chuyén tryc tip én cdc chat trong moi trong (SGK 12 co ban - trang 92). > Dap nC caus. Céchign tuong xay ra & dign cure: Cyc am (anot): kém bj in min Cue duong (catot): ¢6 khf He thodt ra ‘Zn Zn + 2¢ 2H" +2e > H, > Dap an A caus, Trong céc kh thi Nz Ia chat tro 6 diéu kidn thudng do 46 khong gay &n mon kim Joa. = Dap AnD cau 7. Vige vé sinh bé mat kim logi cita cée may méc, dung cu lao dng dé lam sach bé mat, logi 6 céc tc nhan cé thé gay ra an mon kim loai gidp han ché qua tinh &n mon kimdoai, > Dap an Cau, AAn mon héa hoc vi khéng hinh thanh 2 dién eye Fe+ H,S0s > FeSO, +H. t BAn man héa hoc vi khong hinh thinh 2 dién cc 2Fe + 3C —“> 2FeChs An man héa hoc vi khéng hinh thank 2 dién eye BAg + 4HNO; —> 3AgNO3 + NOT +2H20 An man dién héa hoc vi hinh thanh 2 dign cuc Zn ~ Cu cling tiép mic véi dung dich dignli. Zn + CuSO4 > Zn$O5 + Cub, ~ Bap an D cau 9. Kim loai cé tinh khit manh hon sé bj n mén truéc, kim loai c6 tinh khir yéu hon sé duoc bao v8. — Cée kim loai Zn, Al c6 tinh khit manh hon Fe ~ Fe durgc bao vé > A, B. Dsai ‘sn cé tinh khit yu hon Fe nén Fe bj an mdn truée c ding > Dap anc cau 10. a) ding (SGK 12 co ban — trang 93). b) diing (SGK 12 co ban - trang 92). ) sai vi ban chat cia din mon héa hoc 18 qua trinh oxi héa ~ khit trye tiép glita cae chat nén khéng sinh ra dong dién, khéng xudt hign cdc dign cx. Khéng phai in mén dign héa hoc. 4) dking vi khi nhigt 46 tng qué trinh &n mon sé xay ra nhanh hon. (SGK 12 co ban - trang 92). LE DANG KHUONG - NGUYEN XUAN TRUONG 255CHUONG 6: DAI CUONG VE KIM LOAT ¢) sai vi an mon héa hoc 1a sw pha hiy kim loai hoc hop kim. Kim loai hoc hep kim bj oxi héa thanh fon kim logi: M— M"* + ne. £) sai vi mudn xdy ra an mon dign héa hoc phai thda man 3 diéu kién: ‘+ Cac dién cc phai khdc nhau vé ban chat. ‘© Tigp xtic truc tiép hoc gién tiép véi nhau, ‘+ Cling tigp xc voi dung dich chat dién li, > Céc phat biéu ating 1a: (a), (b) va (A). > Dap anB DANG 5: Diéu ché kim loai ¥ Nguyén tac diéu ché kim loai: khit ion kim logi thanh nguyén tir M+neoM ¥ Phuong phap diéu ché kim loai K, Na, Ca, Mg, Al Zn, Fe, Ni, Sn, Pb, Cu, Hg, Ag, Pt, Av Dign phannéngchay ign phan Y ign phan dung dich {muéi,bazo) ——_néng chay oxit Y Nhigt luyén Y Thay luyén BALTAP MAU a Coban CAu 1, Nguyén tac chung duge ding dé digu ché kim loai a ‘A. Cho hgp chat chia ion kim loai tac dung voi cht khir. B, Oxi hod ion kim logi trong hgp chat thanh nguyén tit kim loai. C.Khit ion kim loai trong hyp chat thanh nguyén tt kim logi. D, Cho hop chat chita ion kim loal tac dung voi chat oxi hod. Hwéng dan gid ‘Nguyén tc chung diu ché kim loa la khivion kim loai trong cdc hop chat cia chting M™ + ne > M > Dap anc Cau 2. Day céc kim logi déu cé thé dugc diBu ché biing phuong phap dién phan dung dich muéi eda chang la A. Fe, Cu, Ag. B.Mg, Zn, Cu. C.AL Fe, Cr. D. Ba, Ag Au. Hwéng dan gidi Phuong phép dién phan dung dich 4 digu ché cdc kim loai c6 tinh Khir trung binh, yéu tirZn dén Au, B,C, D sai vi Mg, Al, Ba la cdc kim loai manh. — Dap An A 256 LE DANG KHUONG - NGUYEN XUAN TRUONGCHUONG 6: DAI CUONG VE KiM LOAT Cau 3, Phuong phap nao sau day diing 4é diéu ché kim loai bari? A. Dign phan dung djch BaCla. B. Pin phan néng chay BaCla. €. Nhiét phan BaSOs. D. Nhiét nhém (Al + BaO 6 nhiét dé cao), Huong dan gidi Ba la kim loai cé tinh khir manh + Ba durgc digu ché bing phwrong phap dién phan néng chéy mudi BaCl. BaCl, > Ba +Cl, > Dap anB Cau 4. Trong qué trinh dién phan dung dich Pb(NOs)z véi cdc dign ewe tro, ion NO; di chuyéa vé A.cyc duong (va bi oxi hod). B. cyc duong (va bi khit). C. cuc dueng (va khéng bi dién phan). D. c am (va kh6ng bi dign phan). Hwéng dan gi: Cue dm (catot): Pb*,H,O | < Pb*,NO; > Cye duong (anot): H,0, NO, Bi Khir: Bj oxi héa: Pb” +2e >Pb 2H,0 > 4e +48 + 0,7 ion NO; di chuyén v8 cc duong (anot) va khéng bi dién phan, > Dap an Cau 5. Cho so dd phan img: M(OH), —*>M,0, ~ 25> Kim logi dugc diéu ché theo sod trén 1a AMg, B.Cr. C.Fe. DAL, Huong dan giai Asai vi hidroxit cla Mg la Mg(OH)> B, Csai vi Crva Fe khong duoc diéu ché bang céch dién phan néng chay oxit D diing vi Al 1a kim loai cé tinh khir manh dugc diéu ché bang phuong php dién phan néng chay oxit Dap an D v Van dung C4u 6: Bién phan dung dich chtra mudi nao sau day sé diéu ché duoc kim loai tong ting? A.NaCl. B.CaCh. C.Cu(NOs}z (4ign cyc tro). D. AlCl. Hwéng dan giai Asai vit 2NaCl + 2H,0 5 2NaOH + Cl, T +H, T B sai vi: CaCl, + 2H,0 “> Ca(OH), + C1, T+H, 7 C diing vi: 2Cu(NO,), + 2H,0 + 2CuL + 4HNO, +0, T Desai vi: 2AICl, + 6,0 + 20H), 1+ 3Cl, T +3H, T LE DANG KHUONG - NGUYEN XUAN TRUONG 257CHUONG 6: DAI CU'ONG VE KIM LOAI Chit :V6i mu6i ctia kim logi kiém, kim thé, Al (kim loai cé tinh Khir manh) khi dign phan dung dich khéng thu dugc kim logi. = Dap 4nC & Cau 7:Day gdm céc kim loai duge diéu ché bang phurong php dién phan néng chay mudi cia ching la ANa, K, Cu. B.Cu, Fe, Na, C.K, Ba, Na, D.Ba, K, Fe. Huwéng dan giai Kim loai c6 tinh khit manh duoc diéu ché bing phuong phap dién phan néng chay mudi cia ching Na, K, Ba: kim Loai cé tinh khé manh Fe: kim loai ¢6 tinh khiy trung binh Cu: kim loai 6 tinh khir yéu > Dap an Cau 8.C6 cdc céng vide (1) Diu ché kim loai kém. (4) Tinh ché kim loai ding, (2) Bibu ché kim loai bac. (5) Digu ché kim loai sit. (3) Ma niken, Nhang vide fare hign trong cong nghiép bang A(1), (2), (3). BO, (2), (4), (3). (2), (4), (5). D.C), (5), (3). Hung dan gidi % Phuong php dign phan (SGK 12 co ban - trang 97, 98) (4) dting vi Zn 1a kim loai c6 tinh kh trung binh. Phuong trinh: 2Zn(NO,), +2H,0 — 5 2zn + 0,1 +4HNO, (2) diing vi Ag la kim loai o6 tinh khit yeu, Phwong trinh; 4AgNO, +2H,0 —8! 5 4g 1+ 0, T+4HNO, (3) ding (SGK 12 nang cao ~ trang 130). (4) diang (SGK 12 nang cao - trang 130), (5) sai vi Fe ton taf chi yéu & dang oxit kim loai nén duge ding bang phurong phap nhiét luyén, Fe,0, + yCO— "> xFe + yCo, T ~ Dap 4nB + Nang cao Cau 9.Cho ludng khi Hz (dir) qua hén hop céc oxit CuO, Fe20s, Zn0, MgO nung & nhiét 46 cao. Sau phan tng h6n hop rn cdn Iai la ALu, FeO, 2n0, MgO. BCu, Fe, Zn, Mg. Cu, Fe, Zn, MgO. Du, Fe, Zn0, MgO. Hwéng dan gidi He kh durge céc oxit cita cdc kim loai cé tinh khér sau Al trong day hoat dng hod hoc. Phuong trinh héa hoc cita céc phan tng: He+Zn0 —"> Zn +420 258 LE DANG KHUONG - NGUYEN XUAN TRUONGCHUONG 6: DAi CUONG VE KIM LOAi 3H + Fez02 —"> 2Fe + 3H20 Ha +Cu0 —>Cu+H20 ~ Hin hop chat ran gdm: MgO, Fe, Cu, Zn. > Dap an Cau 10, Bign phn dung dich hdn hop gdm a mol Cu(NOs)2 va b mol NaCl (véi dign cu tro, ‘mang ngin x6p) dén Khi nu6c duoc dign phan & c& hai dién cc. Dung dich sau dién phan lam quy tim chuyén sang mau d6. Biéu thiic lién hé gitra ava bla A.2ab. © 2a>b. D. 2a=b. Hwéng dan giai Qué trinh xay ra tai cdc dign ewe: Tal catot: Cu2*, Nat, HO Tal anot: Cl”, NO; , H20 Cue +2e > Cu 2Cr + Ch +2e as 2a b> b 2H20 + 2e > 20H” + He 2H20 > 02+ 4H" + 4e Dung dich sau dign phan kam quy tim héa 46 > Dung dich ¢6 chita H'. + Tai catot muée chua bi dién phan, tai anot, nwéc bi dign phan. 3 2a>b > Bap anB BAL TAP TU LUYEN 1 Cu 4, Nh§n dinh nao ding vé phwong phép thiy luyén? ‘A, Phuong php nay c6 thé ding dé diéu ché tt c& cdc kim loai nhung cn thoi gian rat dai, B, Phuong phdp nay thudng 4p dung trong phéng thi nghiém dé diéu ché nhiing kim loai 6 tinh khir yéu, ¢, Phuong phap nay dugc 4p dung trong cng nghiép dé digu ché cdc kim loai cé tinh Kher manh. D. Phuong phdp nay khdng thé ding dé didu ché sat. ‘Cau 2, Phuong phap thich hop dé digu ché cdc kim logi ¢6 tinh Khir manh (tir Li @én Al) la ‘A. dién phan néng chay. B. dign phan dung dich. C, nbiét luyén. D. thuy luyén, Cau 3. Trong cong nghiép, natri hidroxit dugc san xuat bang phuong phap A. dign phan dung dich NaCl, kh6ng cé mang ngan dién cue, B, dign phan dung dich NaNO, khéng c6 mang ngan dién cc. C. dign phan dung dich NaCl, cé mang ngin dién cye. D. dign phan néng chay NaCl. Cau 4, Ding khf Hp va CO dé Khir ion kim loai trong oxit 1a phwong phap cé thé ding dé iu ché kim loai nao sau day? A.Mg. B.Na. C.Fe. DAL cau 5, Day céc kim loai déu c6 thé dugc diéu ché bing phyong phdp dién phan dung dich mudi (v6i dién ewe tro) 1a A.Ni, Cu, Ag, B, Ca, Zn, Cu. Li, Ag, Sn. D. Al, Fe, Cr. LE DANG KHUONG - NGUYEN XUAN TRUONG 259CHUONG 6: DAI CUONG VE KIM LOAI Cau 6. Trong qua trinh dién phan dung djch ZnCl; v6i céc dién cue tro, qua trink xdy ra anotla A. qua trinh khi H20. B. qua trinh oxi ha CI. €.qué trinh oxi héa H20, D. qué trinh ki Cl. Cau 7. Khi dign phan dung dich nao sau day, tai catot xy ra qua trinh: 2H20 + 2e > 20H" + He A.dung dich KBr. B. dung dich Pb(NO3)2. C.dung dich 150s. D. dung dich FeSOs. Cau 8. Trong mét dung dich chita cdc cation: Cu’, Ags, Fe. Thtt tyr dign phan cdc cation & catot la A. Ags, Cuts, Fer, B. Cu?,Ags, Fe, C.Ags, Fe, Cu, D. Fe, Ag, Cue, Cau 9. Trung hop nao sau day tao ra kim loai? A.DSt FeS; trong oxi du. B.Nung da véi ¢ nhiét a6 cao. €. Dét AgeS trong oxi du. D. Nung hn hop quang photphorit, cat va than céc trong ld dign. Cau 10. Bién phan dung dich chita dng théi CuCl, NaCl, HCl véi dign cue tro, ¢6 mang ngiin, pH cita dung dich sé thay déi nh thé nao trong qué trinh dién phan? A. Khong d6i, sau a6 giam. B. Gidm din, sau 46 khéng thay déi. C. Tang din, sau d6 gidm dn, D. Kh6ng di, sau d6 tang dn, DAP AN 1 2 3 + 5 6 7 8 9 | 10 B A € C a B A B ¢ D HUONG DAN GIAL cau. Asai vi phwong phép thy luyén thudng ding dé digu ché céc kim loai cé tinh khit trung binh va yéu (SGK 12 co ban - trang 97). Badiing vi phuong phdp nay dé diéu ché mot hong nhé kim loi, Csai vi khéng thé digu ché cdc kim loai c6 tinh khir manh bang phuong phép thiiy luyén. Dsai vi c6 thé ding phan ting sau dé diéu ché Fe: Zn + FeSO4 > ZnSO, + Fe! > Dap 4nB cau 2, Cac kim loai c6 tinh khir manh tir Li dén Al duge diéu ché bang cach dign phan néng chay céc hop cht (mudi, bazo, oxit) ciia chiing. (SGK 12 nang cao - trang 138; SGK 12 co ban - trang 97). ~ Dap ana 260 LE DANG KHUONG - NGUYEN XUAN TRUONG.CHUONG 6: BAI CUONG VE KIM LOAI cau 3. ‘Trong céng nghigp, NaOH duge diéu ché bing phwong php dign phan dung dich NaCl cé mang ngin (SGK 12 nang cao - trang 154, 155). 2NaCl + 2Hg0 PEERED oy aoH + Ha T+ Chet ~ Dap an€ cau 4, Phuong phap ding Hz, CO dé khirion kim loai trong oxit la phwong phap nhiét luyén, duge ding dé diéu ché céc kim logi cé tinh khir trungbinh va yéu. (SGK 12 ea ban - trang 96; SGK 12 nang cao - trang 138) B,C, Dsaivi Mg, Na, Ala cdc kim loai c6 tinh khie manh Cdéng vi Fe la kim loai cé tinh khir trung binh, ‘Tacé phwong trinh héa hoe: Fei04+4CO “> 3Fe + 4CO. T FeO+CO “+ Fe+CO2t Fe,03 +3CO —“» 2Fe + 3CO, T > Dap an cau 5, 4 Phuong phap dign phan dung dich dé diéu ché céc kim loai trung bink, yéu, + Li, Ca, Alla cdc kim loai ¢6 tinh ki manh. Cr, Fe, Ni, So, Cu, Ag la cac kim Logi c6 tinh khir trung binh va yéu. ~ Cac kim loai duo diéu ché bang phuong phap dién phan dung dich la: Ni, Cu, Ag. % Ta o6 phuong trinh héa hoe: 2NiSO« + 2H20 —-» 2Ni + Oz T+ 2H2S0, 2CuSOs + 2H20 > 2Cu + O2 t+ 2H2S04 4AgNOs + 2H,0 —™*5 40g + O2t + 4HNOs ~ Dap ana Cau 6. Cyc am (catot): Zn*,H,O | << Zn*,cr > Cyc duong (anot):H,0, CI" Qué trink Kai (Qua trinh oxi héa: Zn 42e Zn acy > 2e + ct = Tai anot xdy ra qué trinh oxi héa ion CI. > Dap 4nB Cau 7: (Qué trinh xdy ra tai catot khi dign phan céc dung dich trén Y Dung dich KBr: 2H20 + 2e + 20H" + Hz Dung dich Pb(NOs)z: Pb2* + 2e > Pb ¥ Dung dich HzSOs: 2H* +2e > He ¥ Dung dich FeS0s: Fe +2e > Fe > Dap én A LE DANG KHUONG - NGUYEN XUAN TRUONG 261CHUONG 6: BAI CU'ONG VE KIM LOAI Cau 8: ‘Thi ty dién phan é catot la: Ag’, Fe®*, Cu? (theo chi8u tinh oxi héa giam dan), > Dap an B Cau 9, A sai vi: 4FeSz + 1102 —‘> 2Fe202 + 85021 B sai vi: CaCO3 "> CaO + CO2 C dling vi: AgoS + 02 —-» 2Ag + SO2t D sai vi: Cas(PO«)2 + 35102 + 5C —“» 3CaSiOs + 2P + SCOT > Dap anC Cau 10, Goi s6 mol ciia CuClz, NaCl, HCI an lugt la x y, 2 Qué trinh xay ra tai cae dién ewe la: ‘Tai catot: Na‘, H, Cue, HzO Tai anot: Cr, HeO Cur +2e > Cu 2Cr> Ch+2e0 x > 2x (Qxty+z2)> (2x+y+z) 2H" +2e 5 He zon 2H,0 + 2e + 20H" + He Nban xét: Ban dau pH dung dich khong 46i, sau d6 ting dan do & catot sinh ra OH” > Dap an D i@n phan BAL TAP TU LUYEN 2 Cau 1. Co'sé cia phuong phap dién phan 1a ‘A, sit dung dong dign xoay chibu dé kh ion kim loai trong hop chat. B, sik dung dong 4ién mot chiu dé khit ion kim loai trong hop chat. . tgo ra dong dién théng qua cdc qua trinh xay ra & cdc dién cc. D. chi ding dé di’u ché céc kim loai cé tinh khé manh. Cau 2. Trong qua trinh dign phan dung dich CuSO, véi cde dién cuc tro, ion Cu di chuyén ve A. ce dong (va bj oxi hod). B. yc dong (va bj kh). €. cure Am (va bi oxi hod). D, eye am (va bj Keir). Cau 3: Nhiing kim logi nao sau day c6 thé digu ché durgc tir oxit bing phuong phap nhiét luyén nhi chat Khir Al? A. Fe, Al, Cu. B, Zn, Mg, Fe, C.Fe, Cu, Ni, D.Ni, Cu, Ca. Cau 4. Phuong phdp nhiét luyén ding dé diéu ché céc kim Joai cé tinh khit trung binh. Phuong phap nay khit jon kim logi trong hyp chat nao? A, Muéi ran. B, Bazo. C, Mu6i trong dung dich. D. Oxit kim loai, 262 LE DANG KHUONG - NGUYEN XUAN TRUONGCHUONG 6: DAI CUONG VE KIM LOA Cau S.Khi dign phan dung dich gdm NaCl, Cu(NOs)z thi qué trinh du tign xay ra & cue duongla Akh Cl, 2¢l’ -> Cl, +2¢, B.oxi héa Cl’, 2Cl —> Cl, + 2e. C.khie Hz0, 220 + 2e > 20H™ + HT. D.oxi héa H20, 2H0 > 4H" + 4e + O21. Cau 6:Dé didu ché Ag tir AgNOs ta c6 thé dling céch nao sau day? A.Nung AgNOs rn, B.bign phan dung dich AgNOs vGi dién cuc tro. Ding mét thanh kim loai Cu cho vao dung dich AgNOs. D.Tat cd céch trén déu durge. Cau 7.Day gm céc kim loai kkh6ng diéu ché theo phuong phép dign phan néng chy hop chat cia chang la A.Na, Cu, Al. B.Na, Fe, Zn. CNa, Cu, Ag. D.Fe, Cu, Ag. Cau 8.4hi dign phan dung dich nao sau day, tai anot xay ra qua trinh: 2H0 + 4H" + 02+ 4e A.dung dich NaOH. B.dung dich NaCl. Cdung dich NazSOs. Dadung dich HgCh. ‘Cau 9.Mudn ma Ag lén mét vat bang st nguwdi ta lam nhu sau A.dign phan dung dich AgNO; voi anot la vat bing sit, catot la than chi. B.dign phan dung dich AgNOs v6i catot la vat bang bac, anot la than chi, Cdign phan dung dich AgNOs véi anot la bac, catot ld than chi, D.dign phan dung dich AgNO, voi catot la vat bing st, anot la Ag, Cau 10.bign phan (v6i dign cy tro) mot dung dich gbm NaCl va CuSO, 6 cing sé mol, dén khi é catot xudt hign bot khf thi dig dién phan. Trong cd qué trinh dign phan trén, khi thu duge éanotla Aki Clz va Ha. Bukchf Clzva O2. Cechi 06 Kehi Cle. Dakhi He va Oo, DAP AN T z 3 € 5 6 7 o a 10 B D c D B D D c D B | HUONG DAN GIAL cau 1. Co sé cia phuong phép dién phan la khit ion kim loai baing dong dign mot chiéu (SGK 12 nang cao - trang 138), > Dap 4nB Cau 2, Cyc Am (catot): Cu*,H,O | <— Cu",SO7 > 4 Cucdwong (anot):H,0, SO, (Qua trink Kt (bj ki): (Qua trinh oxi héa (bj oxi héa): Cu” +2e 3Cu 2H,0 -> 4e + 4H" + 0,7 Cur di chuyén vé cu 4m (catot) va bi kh, > Dap anD LB DANG KHUONG - NGUYEN XUAN TRUGNG 263CHUONG 6: BAI CU‘ONG VE KIM LOAI cau 3. Co sé cia phuong phap nhiét luyén 1a ding cdc chat ¢6 tinh khir manh nhw C, CO, Ha, ofc Al dé di8u ché cdc kim loai cé tinh khtr trung binh, A,B, D sai vi Ca, Mg, Al la kim loai cé tinh khir manb. C ding Fe, Ni, Cu la kim loai cé tink khir trung binh > Nhimg kim loai diéu ché theo phuong phap nhiét luyén la: Fe, Cu, Ni. ~ Dap anc cau 4, Phong phap nhigt luyén 1a phuong phdp ding chat khik (C, CO, He...) 48 khir ion kim loai trong oxit cia chting (SGK 12 co ban - trang 96). Vidu: Zn0 +C —> COT +Zn, > Dap an D caus. Tai cue duvong: NO; ,Cl",H,O ~ CI bi oxi héa truée: 2Cl > Cl, + 2e = Dap anB cau. Aduing vi phuong trinh hoa hoe: 2AgNO, —“-> 2Ag + 2NO, 1 +0, T Badung vi phuong trinh héa hoc: 4AgNO, +2H,0 —* > 4Ag 1 +4HNO, +0, T C ding vi phuong trinh héa hgc: Cu + 2AgNO, —> Cu(NO, ), + 2Ag4 > Ca 3 céch trén du diu ché duge Ag tir AgNOs, > Dap anD cau 7. Phuong phap dién phan néng chay ding dé diéu ché cdc kim loai cé tinh Khir manh, Na, Al1& kim loai cé tinh khir manh — duoc @iéu ché theo phuong phap nay. Fe, Cu Zn, Ag la kim loai c6 tinh khér trung binh va yéu ~ khong duge diéu ché theo phuong phap dign phan néngchay + Dap anD cau 8; Qué trinh xay ra tai anot khi dién phn cdc dung dich la ¥ Dung dich NaOH: 20H” 0, +2H* + 4e ¥ Dung dich NaCl: 2¢r > Cl, t+ 2e v Dung dich Na2SO,: 2H,0 -» 4H"+ 0,1 + 4e Y Dung dich HgClz: 2 Cr - Cl, T + 2e > Dap anc cau 9. ‘Dé ma bac Ién vat bang sat ngudi ta tién hanh dign phan dung dich AgNO3 véi anot la bac va catot a vat bing st. Qua trinh xdy ra tai cde dién cue La: %* O catot: Agt +1e > Ag ~ Ag sinh ra bam trén bé mat vat bang sat. * O'anot: Ag > Ag-+e. > Dap 4nD 264 LE DANG KHUONG - NGUYEN XUAN TRUONG:CHUONG 6: DAI CU’ONG VE KIM LOAL cau 10, Goi sé mol cia NaCl va CuSO la x mol. 0 catot bat dau xudt hién khi > Cu2* phan tng vira hét Catot (-}:Cu* +2e—»Cu Anot (+): 2c —> Cl, + 2e x27 x x4 05x >x 2H,0 —> 0,441" + 4e O25xex © x ~ Khi thu duge gm Ch va O2. ~ Dap 4nB Em lam bai kiém tra duéi day a6 cing cé kign thie nhé! BALKIEMTRA Cau 4. Nhan djnh nao sau day ding? A. Kim loai c6 tinh khir yéu dugc diéu ché bang phuong phép dién phan néng chay. B. Nguyén tc di8u ché kim logi la khit ion kim loai thanh nguyén tik kim logi. C.Trong cng nghiép, Na duc didu ché tir NaC! bang phuong php dign phan dung dich. D. Trong cong nghiép, Al dugc diéu ché tir AICI; bang phwong php dén phan néng chay. Cau 2. Trong cdc ion sau: Als, Cu2*, Fe, Agr, Zn?* , H”. Qua trinh cudi cling xay ra tai cue amla AAgte > Ag. B.AI*+3e Al. C.2Ht+ 2e > Het. D.2H.0 + 2e > 20H"+ Het. CAu 3.Dign phan dung dich mudi nao sau day sé di8u ché dugc kim logi tong tng? A.NaCl (ign cyc tro), B. MgCl (dign cye tro). €.2n(NOs); (dién cyc tro). D.AI(NO:); (ign cyc tro). Cau 4, Cac chat 6 thé ding dé Khir ion kim loai trong hop chat theo phwong phép nhiét luyén 182 A.COz, He, Al. B.CO, C, Ha, Al CAI, CO2,¢. D.COz,C, Ho. Cau 5. Khi dign phan dung dich CuSO, v6i anot bing Cu, & catot xy ra qua trinh A.Cu—> Cut +2¢ B.Cu% + 2e Cu, C.2H:0 + 2e 20H + Fh. D.2H20 > 4H" +02 + 4e Cau 6.Cho cc phat biéu sau day: (@) Trong qué trink dign phan, cyre mm lun xdy ra sw khirion kim loi. (b) Dé digu ché Al ta dién phan néng chay AICIs. (0 Ban chat qué tinh xdy ra 6 cdc dién eye cia qué trinh din phan va an mon dign héa hocla ging nhau. (@) Ma kim loai, tinh ché kim loai la ting dung cia qué trinh dién phan trong cong nghiép. (©) Qué trinh dign phan xdy ra sy oxi héa 6 eye dong, S6 phat biéu khong diing 1a AA B.3 c.2 DAL LE DANG KHUONG - NGUYEN XUAN TRUONG 265CHU'ONG 6: DAI CUONG VE KIM LOAI Cau 7.Phan ting nhiét nhom digu ché céc kim loai nao sau day? A.Cu, Mg, Ni. B.Na, Zn, Fe. Ge, Cu, Zn. D.Mg, Na, Cu, Cau 8. Khi dign phan dung djch gbm a mol NaCl va b mol CuSO., néu dung dich sau khi ign phan hoa tan Al.Os thi biéu thirc lién hé gittaa va bla Aa>2b, Baa=2b. Ca<2b. Da = 2b, Cau 9.Dién phan dung dich CuSO, véi anot bang dong va dién phan dung dich CuSO, voi anot biing graphit (ign eye tro) d&u c6 dic diém chung la A.tai catot xy ra su khir: Cue + 2e > Cu, B.tai catot xy ra sy oxi hod: 2H20 + 2e> 20H" + Hz. C.tai anot xay ra sy khil: 21,0 + 02+ 4H" + 40. D.tai anot xdy ra sy-oxi hod: Cu + Cu2+ 2e, Cu 10. ign phan cé mang ngin hn hop gdm a mol NaCl va b mol HNO3 sau mét thoi gian thay dung djch thu dugc sau dign phan lam qu tim hod xanh. Biéu thitc lién hé gitka a vabla Acard. Bab. © b>2a, B.b<2a, DAP AN 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 | 10 B D Cc B B B ¢€ D a [A HUONG DAN GIAI cau 1, Asai vi Al dugc digu ché bing phuong phdp dign phan néng chay. Baiing. Csai vi Na durgc diéu ché trong cong nghiép bing phuong phap dién phan néng chdy NaCl. 2NaC] + 2Na + Cle Dsai vi Al dugc diéu ché trong cng nghiép bang phwong phap dién phan néng chay oxit Alz03. 2Al,0, —2 5441 +30, T > Dap anc cau 2. ‘Theo day dign héa : Agt > Fe > Cu2* > H’ > Fet > Zn?> H,0, ‘Thi ty dién phan theo thi ty: Ags, Fe, Cus, H*, Fe’, Zn2s, 1,0, > Qua trinh dién phan cudi tai ce 4m la: 2H,0 + 2e > 20H + Hef. Cha ys Al kh6ng bf khi khi dién phn dung dich. = bap nD 266 LE DANG KHUONG - NGUYEN XUAN TRUONGCHU'ONG 6: DAI CUGNG VE KIM LOAI Cau 3. 4 Dign phan dung dich ding @é diéu ché c4c kim loai c6 tinh khié trung bin va yéu. Na, Mg, AL nhiing kim loai cé tinh kit manh ‘Zn 1a kim loai c6 tinh khié trung binh. > Dién phan mudi Zn?* sé digu ché dugc kim ogi tuong ting. Phwong trinh dién phan: 2Zn(NO,), + 2H,0 5 27n + 4HNO, + 0,7 > bap anc cau 4, Phuong phép nbiét luyén 1 phurong phép diéu ché kim loai bang céch khir ion kim loai trong hop chat bang cdc chat khir nhw Al, CO, C, Hz > Dap 4n B caus. Qué trinh xdy ra tai catot la: Cu’ + 2e >Cu > Dap an B cau 6. (2) sai vi tai ce 4m cia qué trinh dign phan dung dich chi chia céc ion kim loai kim, kim thé, Al thi H,0 sé bj dién phan. (b) 1a sai vi Al durgc diéu ché bing cach dign phan néng chay oxit AlzOs. 2Al,0, 22> 4Al + 30,7 (QRsaivi: %* Trong qua trinh dién phan Tai cyc dwong (anot): xy ra qué trinh oxi héa. Tai crc 4m (catot): xay ra qua trink khit. + Trong qué trinh an mon ign héa hoc Tal cure dwong (catot): xay ra qué trinh Khir ‘Tal cyc 4m (anot): xay ra qua trinh oxi héa (A) 1a ding (SGK 12 nang cao - trang 130). (e} 8 ding (SGK 12 co ban - trang 97). = Céc phat biéu khong duing la: (a), (b), (c). > Dap anB cau7. > Phan tg nhiét nhém 18 phan img diéu ché kim loai theo phwong phap nhiét Tuyén diing dé ditu ché cic kim loai cé tinh khir trung binh va yéu (hoc dig sau Al trong day hoat déng héa hoc). % Day hoat dng héa hoc cho céc kim loai trén 1a: Na, Mg, Al, Zn, Fe, Ni, Cu. ~ Phan img nhiét nhom ding dé diéu ché céc kim loai Fe, Cu, Zn > Bap an cau 8. Qué trinh xdy ra tai cde dign cure: Tai catot: Cu+, Nat, H20 Tai anot: Cl, NO;,H20 Cut + 2e + Ha 2Cl +Ch+2e b— 2b azwxioa 2H20 + 2e > 20H + He 2H20 > 02 + 4H" + 4e LE DANG KHUONG - NGUYEN XUAN TRUONG 267CHUONG 6: DAI CUONG VE KIM LOAI THA: Dung dich sau dign cé chita H”. 6H’ + ALO, — 2Al* +3H,0 ~ Tai catot nuéc chua bj dién phan, tai anot nuéc bj dién phan, 2 2b>a ‘TH2: Dung dich sau dién c6 chita OH”. 20H" + A,0, ->2A10; +3H,0 ~ Tai anot nuéc chua bj dién phan, tai catot nuéc bj dién phan, s2bCu,,, Anot (+): Cug, —->Cu™ aa +20 = Phuong trinh dign phan: City + CU) —> CUM as + CU Anot Catot * Dign phan dung dich CuSO, véi anot bang graphit: Catot (-}:Cu** +2e—>Cu ‘Anot (+): 2H,O-—+0, +4H’ +4e — Phuong trinh dign phan: 2CuSO, +2H,0—*»2Cu+0, 1+2H,S0, ~ Dac diém chung: Tai cyc am (catot): Cu’* + 2e + Cu = Dap an A Cau 10. Qua trinh xay ra tai ede dign cue: Tai catot: Nav, H*, H20 Tai anot: CI”, NOS, H20 2H" +2e- He 20 4 Ch+ 20 bob aaa 2H20 + 2e + 20H" + He 2H:0 + 02+4H" +40 Dung djch sau dién phan lim quy tim héa xanh + Dung dich cé chéra OH". ~ Tai catot nuéc bj dién phan, tai anot nuéc chua bi dién phan, sb Dap anA ¥ Chic mirng em da hoan thanh t6t bai luyén tap chwong dai cwong kim loai ¥ Dw6i day la bai kiém tra téng hop! 268 LE DANG KHUONG - NGUYEN XUAN TRUONGCHU'ONG 6: DAI CUONG VE KIM LOAL BAI KIEM TRA TONG HOP Cau 1. Dién phan dung dich chita mudi nao sau day sé di8u ché durgc kim loai tuong tng? A. NaCl. B. CaCl2. C. FeCl. D. AlCl. Cau 2. Day kim loai nao du6i day khong thé digu ché theo phuong phap nhiét luyén? A. Na, Al, Cu. B. Na, Ca, Ag. C. Ca, Zn, Al. D. Na, Ca, Al. Cau 3. O diéu kién thong, chat nao sau day khOng c6 kha ning phan tng voi dung dich H2SOsloang? A. FeCls, B. Fe203. C, Fes04. D. Fe(OH);. Cau 4, Phat biéu nao sau day khong ating? ‘A. Ngoai tinh chat chung kim loai cdn cé cdc tinh chat riéng, B, Kim logi kiém c6 thé diing dao c&t duge. C. Kim logi cé tinh dan dién tot thuéng cing dan nhiét tt. D. Cr 1a kim loai cé nhiét 9 néng chay lon nb. Cau 5. Cho céc ion: Cat, Ks, Pb%, Br’, SO, NO;. Trong dung dich, nhimg ion kh6ng bi dign phan la A. Pb, Cats, Br”, NO; B. Cats, Ks, SO}, NO3. C. Ca®, Ks, SOP, Bre. D. Ca, K+, SO;~, Pb, ‘Cau 6. Cho cc kim loai sau: Na, Al, Mg, Cu, Zn, Fe, Ag. S6 kim loai téc dung duge véi dung dich HCL. AS. B.4, C2, D.3, C4u 7. Phat biéu nao sau day khong ding? A. Nguyén tc diéu ché kim loai 1a hit ion kim Jogi thanh nguyén tit. B. Phuong ph4p nhiét luyén ding 48 diéu ché cdc kim loal c6 tinh khir manh. €. Trong an mon dign héa hoc, cyc 4m xay ra qué trinh oxi héa kim loai. D. Tinh ché kim loai la ting dung cia phwong php dién phan. (Cau 8. Khi cho thanh Cu vio dung dich chtta NaNOs, HaSOs, Phin ting thu duoc kh X18 khi gi? A. Khi Hz. B, Khi Oz. ©. KhiSO2, D. Khi NO. Cau 9. Sy dién phan dung dich FeCl, (véi dién cue tro) va an mon dién héa hoc xay ra khi nhting hop kim Zn ~ Fe vao dung dich HCl c6 dc diém chung la A. & crc dwong déu la sy oxi héa Ch. B, déu sinh ra Fe & cyc am. C.& catot déu xdy ra sy kine D. déu kam theo sy phat sinh dong dién. Cau 10, Dién phan dung dich cé chira cdc ion sau: Al", Cu, Fe, Ag”, Zn’, H". Qua trinh dign phan tai catot sau khi ion Ag* bi dién phan hétla A.Cut* +20 Cu, B. Fe + 1e + Fe®, C.Znt + 20> Zn, D. Fe + 3e > Fe, Cau 14. Cach lim nao khéng c6 tac dung chéng in man kim logi? A.Son céch li. B. Han mét migng kim loai cé tinh khir yéu hon vao kim loai durgc bao vé. C. Ngam vao dau héa. D. Gitt cho b8 mat kim loai durge khé rao. LE DANG KHUONG - NGUYEN XUAN TRUONG 269CHUONG 6: DAI CUONG VE KIM LOAI Cau 12. Khi cho mau kim loai Na vao nuéc cé hda tan vai giot phenolphtalein, Hign tugng nao sau day dung? A. Mau Na tan, xudt hign bot khi va dung dich cé mau hing, B. Khong cé hién tong . C. Mdu Na tan, xudt hign bot khf, dung dich khong mau. D. Mau Na tan, xudt hign bot khi, dung dich c6 mau xanh. Au 13. Cho cdc phan img xay ra theo so a8 sau pd eb mang nein Xi +H,0 PACED y+ ot + Het Xo+X_—> BaCOst + KxCOs + H20 Hiai chat XX; lan hegt la A. KOH, Ba(HCO3)2. B, NaOH, Ba(HC0s)2. €. KHCOs, Ba(OH):. D, NaHCO2, Ba(OH), Cau 14. C6 4 dung dich riéng biét: HCl, AgNOs, FeCls, CuSO«, Nhting vio mai dung dich mot thanh sat nguyén chat. $6 trurong hop xay ran mon dign h6a hoc IA A3. B. 4, 1 D2. Cau 15. Thyc hién cac thi nghiém sau: (4) N6i m@t thanh Zn véi m6t thanh Fe ri d@ trong khong khf m. (2) Tha 1 vién Fe vao dung dich chira ding thdi ZnSO. va H:S0,. (3) Tha 1 vién Fe vao dung dich H2S0, loang. (4) Tha 1 vien Fe vao dung dich chita dong thdi CuSO, va HS0,. ‘Trong céc thi nghiém trén nhéing thi nghiém Fe khéng bj 2n man dién héa hoc a A. (0), (2), (3) B. (1), (3), (4) C. (2), 3), (5) D. (1), (2), (3), (4) Cau 16. C6 2 thanh kim iogi Fe (khong nguyén chat) nhw nhau, mOt thanh dugc gitt nguyén cn mét thanh bj bé cong cing dit trong diéu kién khéng khi 4m nhu nhau. Hién twong xy ra la A. cA 2 thanh déu khOngbj an mon. B. c& 2 thanh du bj n mon véi téc 9 Zn mdn nhu nhau. C. thanh cong bj n man nhanh hon. D. thanh cong it bj an mon hon. Cau 17. Trong céc kim loai Na, Fe, Cu, Ag, Al, Ca. C6 bao nhiéu kim loai chi digu ché duge bing phuong phép dign phan? AL B.3. G2. D.4. Cau 18. Phat biéu nao sau day 1a sai? A. Thiéc c6 thé ding aé phi 1én b¥ mgt kim loal sit dé chéng gi. B, Mg duoc diéu ché bang phuong phép dién phan dung dich MgSOs. €. Kém c6 ting dung 4é bao vé v6 tau bing thép. 1D. Nhém 18 kim loai din dign kém hon vang, Cau 19, Lan lot cho 1 mau Ba vao cée dung dich KxS0s, NaHCOs, HNOs, NH4Cl. Cé bao nhiéu trurdng hop xuat hin két tia? 4.3. B.4 G2 DS 270 LE DANG KHUONG - NGUYEN XUAN TRUONGCHUONG 6: DAI CUONG VE KIM LOAL CAu 20.Cho cdc phat biéu sau: (a) Khi cho cdc hop kim cia Fe tip xiie voi moi trudmg thi Fe déu bj in mon dign héa hoc. (b) Ngwai ta c6 thé sir dung phwong phap ma dign dé bao vé kim loai, (6) O nbigt a6 thuong, tat cd cdc kim loai du tn tai & trang thai ran, (@) Chi cé Fe, Crbj thy dng trong H,S0, dc ngué (e) Dign phan dung dich NaCl (dign cyc tro), ion CI" bj oxi héa & catot. (8) Khi cho thanh Zn vio dung dich AgNOs thi Zn bj 3n man dién héa hoc. S6 phat bigu khong ding 12 AS. B.3. C2. D.4, DAP AN 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 C D A D B A B D c B ii 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 B A A D A c B B c D HUONG DAN GIAI cau. Phuong phap dign phan dung djch chi diéu ché céc kim loai c6 tinh khér trung binh va yéu, Na, Ca, Al la céc kim loai c6 tinh khir manh — khéng durgc diéu ché bang phwong phap nay Fe cé tinh Khir trung binh > Fe duge diéu ché theo phuong phap nay. Phvong trinh dién phan: FeCl, —¥> Fe + Cl, T > Dap nC cau 2. Co'sé cia phwong phdp nhiét luyén 14 khit nhiing ion kim logi trong hop chat & nhigt 49 cao bang cdc chat Khir nhw C, CO, Hz hoc cdc kim loai hoat dong. ~ Ding dé digu ché cdc kim loal cé tinh Khir trung binh va yéu, A, B, Csai Na, Al, Ca la céc kim logi c6 tinh khir manh, D ding vi Cu, Ag, Zn la nhimng kim loai cé tinh khir trung binh va yéu. = Bap an D Cau 3. FeCl; khong phan imng véi dung dich 4250, loang vi khéng théa man 1 trong 3 di’u kign ciia phan img trao 463 (tao khi, két tia, cht din li yéu) > Bap an A cau 4, A,B, Cdiing (SGK 12 cor ban - trang 84). Dsai vi W1a kim loai cé nhiét 9 néng chay lon nhét (SGK 12 co ban - trang 84). = Dap anD LE DANG KHUONG - NGUYEN XUAN TRUONG 2hCHUONG 6; DAI CUONG VE KIM LOAI caus. Khi dién phan dung djch: ¥ Tai catot: CAc ion kim logi kiém, kim thé, Al kh6ng bj dién phan. Y Tai anot: Cac géc axit chita oxi khéng bi dién phan nhw:$02",NO;,... > Nhiing ion khéng bj dién phan trong dung dich la: Ca, K+, $O2",NO3 . = Dap anB cau 6. Kim loai ding truéc H trong day dién héa thi phan tng dugc voi dung dich HCL ~ C6 5 kim loai phan tig duc voi dung dich HCI 18 Na, Mg, Al, Fe, Zn. Phuong trinh héa hoc: 2Na+ 2HCI— 2NaCl + HT 2Al + 6HCI > 2AICls + 327 Mg + 2HCl—> MgCl + Ha? ‘Zn + 2HC] > ZnCl; + He T Fe +2HCI— FeCl, + Het 3 Dap dna cau7. Adiing vi nguyén tc diéu ché kim loai la khit ion kim Jogi thanh nguyén te (SGK 12 co ban - trang 96), Bsai vi phuong phap nhiét luygn ding dé diéu ché cdc kim loai c6 tinh khir trung binh va yéu (SGK 12 co ban - trang 96). (C ding vi trong in mon dién héa hoc cé xuat hién 2 dign cyc bang kim loi hodc hop kim: cure am kim loai cé tinh khir maith bj oxi héa, cye dwromg kim loai (hoc phi kim) duge bao vé (SGK 12 co ban - trang 97). Ddiing (SGK 12 nang cao ~ trang 130). = Dap 4nB cau 8. Khi cho thanh Cu duvao dung dich gm NaNOs va H2SOs xay ra phan ting 3Cu + 8H" +2NO; > 3Cu + 2NOT + 4,0 > Khi Xa kh NO = Dap nD cau 9, % Trong qua trinh dign phan FeClz dién cure tro (ding dong dién dé kh) ‘Tai cyc duong (anot) : 2Cl > Cl, + 2e Tai cyc am (catot): Fe +2e > Fe + Fe sinh ra écyc am > Trong qué trinh an mén dién héa hye v6i cp Zn - Fe cling nhting vao dung dich HCI (xuat hign dong dign) ‘Tai cyc dwong (anot): 2H’ + 2e > Hy Tai eye am (catot): Zn Zn?* + 2e — Dac diém chung la: G catot déu xy ra su hit, > Bap anc 272 LE DANG KHUONG - NGUYEN XUAN TRUONGCHU'ONG 6: DAI CUONG VE KIM LOAI Cau 10, ‘Thee ty dién phan tai catot dwoc sip xép theo chiéu giam dan tinh oxi héa la: Ag?, Fe, Cus, H*, Fett, Zn2*, H20. ‘Sau Kchi Ag* bj dign phan hét thi Fe* bj dién phan: Fes +e > Fe = Dap an B Cau 11. Cac phuong phap chéng an mon kim loal: Y Phuong phap bao vé bé mat: Ding nhting chit bén ving d6i voi moi trudng aé phii ngoai b8 mat dd vat nhu bai dau ms, son, ma,... ¥ Phuong phap dign héa: ding kim loai cé tinh khik manh hon dé bao vé chat c6 tinh Khir yéu hon, — Phwong phap khOng 6 tac dung chéng n man kim logi la han mot migng kim logi 6 tinh hiv yéu hon vao kim loal durge bao vé. > Dap 4nB cau 12. Phuong trinh héa hoc: 2Na + 2Hz0 > 2NaOH + Hz Dung dich NaOH —*2hseleh™_, dung dich cé mau hong. > Hign tong a mu Na tan, c6 bot khi va dung dich cé mauhdng. > Dap an A cau 13. apd cé mingngia Xi+H,0 PASM aXe +H? (1) X2+X4—» BaCOsl + K2CO3 + H20 (2) ‘TW (2): Xela hgp chit ciia kali, X41 hop chat ctia bari ‘Tie (1): Xe 1a KOH > Xz 18 KOH, X, 13 Ba(HCOz):- Phuong trinh héa hoe: dpdd mang ngan 2KC1 + 2H20 2KOH + Cpt + Het 0%) O&) 0%) 2KOH + Ba(HCOs):2 —> BaCOs} + KoCO3 + 2H20 &) (Ks) — pap anA cau 14, + Khi cho thanh st nhiing vao dung dich HCI la an man héa hoc vi khéng hinh thanh 2 dién cue: Fe+2H° Fee + Het % Khi cho thanh sat nhuing vao dung dich AgNO: a an mon dign héa hgc vi hinh than 2 dign cyc Fe Ag cing nhiing vio dung dich AgNOs: Fe+ 2Agr— Fe® + 2Agl L® DANG KHUGNG - NGUYEN XUAN TRUONG 273CHUONG 6: DAI CUONG VE KIM LOAI % Khi cho thanh sét nhting vao dung dich FeCl; la an mon héa hoc vi khong hinh thanh 2 din cue: Fe + 2FeCl 3FeClz % Khi nhiing thanh st vao dung dich CuSO, thi xudt hién am mon dién héa hoc vi hinh thanh 2 dign cyc Fe ~ Cu cling nbting vao dung dich CuSO, : Fe + Cut Fet + Cul, ~ Cac truéng hop xuat hién &n man dign héa hoc: Khi cho thanh st vao dung dich AgNOs, CuSO, > Dap 4nD cau 15. (4) In mon dign héa hoc vi 2 dign cyc Zn ~ Fe cing tip xtic v6i méi trong khong Khi am, ~ Zn la cyte mm bj An mon, Fe 1a cuc dwong durgc bao ve. (2) lan man héa hoc vi khong hinh thanh 2 dién cy: Fe + 2H* — Fet*+ Hz, Fe + Zn® — khGng phan ting. (3) 1a an mon héa hoc vi khéng hinh thanh 2 dign cyc: Fe + 2H*— Fe? + HoT (4) 1a dn mon ign héa hoc vi hinh thanh 2 dign eye Fe ~ Cu cing nhing vao dung dich Cu, — Fe la cue duong bj an mon truéc, Cu la cuc am durgc bao vé. ~ Cac thi nghiém ma Fe khéng bj an mon dign héa hoc a (1), (2), (3). > Dap and cau 16. % Khi cho thanh Fe (khéng nguyén chat) vao trong khéng khi ém — xdy ra an mon dién héa hoc (cyc am bj an man, cue duong durge bao vé). % Thanh bj bé cong sé lam phan tiép xtic gitta Fe va cc chat khac bj Id ra va tiép xtc voi mdi truréng — bi in mén dién héa hoc nhanh hon, > Dap an cau17. % Na, Ca, Alla kim loai cé tinh khir manh ~> chi digu ché bing phuong phép dién phan néng chy, %* Cu, Fe ,Ag Ia kim loai cé tinh khér trung binh va yéu > c6 thé diing phuong phap thily luyén, nhiét luyén, dign phan d€ diBu ché, = Dap anB cau 18. 274 A diing vi phi lén bé mt s&t kim loai mat kim loai khdc gitip ngan sy tigp xtc cia sat v6i mdi truéng gitio bao vé kim loi (ma dién). Bsai vi Mg la kim loai manh duoc diéu ché bing phwong phap dién phan néng chay mudi MgClz: MgCl, ~~» Mg + Cl, T Cduing. Ddiing vi thtr ty tinh dn dién Au> Al. > Dap an B LE DANG KHUONG - NGUYEN XUAN TRUONGCHU'ONG 6: DAI CUONG VE KiM LOAI cau 19, Cac phan ting xay ra nhw sau: ‘au tién: Ba + 2H20 > Ba(OH)2 + Hat Sau 46: Ba{OH)2 + K2S0«~> BaSOx! + 2KOH Ba(OH)2 + NaHCOs > BaCOs! + NaOH + H20 hodc Ba(OH)2 + 2NaHCOs > BaCOst + NazCOs + 2H20 = Dap an € Cau 20, (@) sai vi khi hop kim Zn ~ Fe bj an mon dién héa hoc thi > Zn 1a eve Am (bj Sn mon trudc), Fe la crc dong (dugc bao vé). (b) ding (SGK 12 co ban - trang 94) (©) sai vi Hg la kim loai tin tai 6 dang long & nhiét 46 thudng. (@) sai vi Al ciing bi thu dong trong H2S04 dc nguéi. (©) sai vi khi dign phan NaCl v6i dign eye tr Tal anot (eye dong) xy ra sy oxi héa Cl: 2Cl > Cle + 2e (8 diing vi khi cho thanh Zn vao dung dich AgNOs thi hinh thanh 2 diga cye Zn - Ag cing nhiing vao dung dich AgNO; ~ xudt hign an mon dién héa hoc véi Zn la cyre am bj an mon truée. ~ Cac phat biéu khong ding la: (a), (c), (@, (€)- > Dip anD LE DANG KHUONG - NGUYEN XUAN TRUONG: 215CHUONG 7: KIM LOAI KIEM - KIM LOAI KIEM THO - NHOM - NHOM CHUONG 7 | wouadoyey gna 479 KIM LOAI KEM - KIM LOA! KIEM THO 0+ 02-+x¥ HONE 1+ eNe ae (DEN N+ Hoos 'aneN ooneN OR 09 DAN © HE OO EN LE DANG KHUONG - NGUYEN XUAN TRUONGg é 5 = & TM LOAI KIBM - KIM LOAI KIEM THO - NHOM asta eo Ingaeangeimp aS 4 ota HI ~ os 08 ope 2 MG -qundgengmcep dduto Buns Bn Suip Hoon oD Comepem 2) whee aest) ‘Coon Mau tr&ng bac, dn dign va din nhidt tét, > Mang tinh thé: Lap phuong tam khdi. » Kh6i long riéng nhé (tang dan tir Li - Cs), tye, teva 8 cting thap (gidm dn tie Li - Cs). 0) Tinh chat héa hge vs Tinh Khir manh: M> M+ + Le x Tac dung v6i phi kim: 2Na+ Oz ans) ~> NazOe (natri peoxit) 2K 4 Cl, > 2KCI (kali elorua) % Tac dung véi dung dich axit: 2Na + 2HC] > 2NaCl + Het 23 Téc dung v6inuée~ hidroxit, 2Na + 2H20 > 2NaQH + Hat d) Diu ché va ong dung > Dibu ché: Dién phan mudi halogenua hodc hidroxit néng chay: 2NaCl —*=> 2Na+Clt 4KOH > 4K + 2H201 +027 > Ung dung: Hop kim Na - K str dung trong id phan tng hat nhan, Hop kim Li - Al ding trong ki thuat hang khéng. Cs diing lam t8 bao quang dign. 2. Hop chat: a) Natri hidroxit: NaOH (xt) v Tinh chat vat ly: « Chat rén, khng mau, hat dm manh, d8 néng chay. + Tan nhiéu trong nuéc va téa nhiét manh, ¥ Tinh chat héa hoe: La mét baze manh (kim) 2% DGi mau chat cht th]: Quy tim ~ xanh; Phenolphtalein — hing. ~ Tac dung v6i dung dich axit; NaOH + HCl > NaCl + H20 NaOH + HsPO4-> NallzPO, + H20 2NaOH + HsPOs—> NazHPO, + 2420 3NaOH + HsPO4—> NasPO, + 3H20 +s Tac dung voi oxit axit: NaOH + C02 NaHCO3 2NaOH + C02 Na2C0s + 120 ws Tac dung voi dung dich mudi: CuSO. + 2NaOH > Cu(OH)2 | + Na2SOs v Ung dung: Didu ché xa phong, phdm nhudm, to nhan tao. Tinh ché quang Al,0;, ché bién dau mé. LE DANG KHUONG - NGUYEN XUAN TRUONG 279CHUONG 7: KIM LOAI KIEM - KIM LOAI KIEM THO - NHOM v Diu ché trong céng nghiép: 2NaCl + 2H.0 —!> 2NaOH + Ch T+ Het b) Natri hidrocacbonat: NaHCOs (thuéc mudi) ¥ Tinh chat vat ly: Chat ran mau trang, {ttan trong muéc. ¥ Tinh chat héa he w La chat heéng tinh: ‘Tinh bazo: NaHCOs + HCI ~ NaCl + C021 + H20 Tinh axit: NaHCO; + NaOH + Na;CO3 + #20 w Kém bén nhiét: 2NaHCO; —-> NazCO3 + COz1T + H20 Y Ung dung: Nuéc giai khat, cong nghiép thuc pham, y hoc. ) Natri cacbonat: NazCOs © Tinh chat vat ly: Chat rn, mau trang, tan nhigu trong née. + Tinh chat héa hge: C6 méi trurdng bazo yéu vi NazCO; 18 mudi tao béi cation cia bazo manh (NaOH) v6i anion ctia axit yéu (H:C0s): CO} + H,0 == HCO; + OH % Téc dung véi axit: NazCO; + HCl + NaCl + C021 + Hz0 Na2COs + 2HC1 > 2NaCl + CO; T+ H20 ts Téc dung véi bazo: NazC03 + Ba(OH)2 > BaCO3 1 + 2NaOH 3 Tac dung voi mudi: NaxCOs + CaCl > CaCOa4 + 2NaCl * Ung dung: Nguyén ligu san xudt thay tinh, x8 phong, chit tdy rika, Ty sach dau mo trén cl ) Kali nitrat: KNOs ( > Tinh chat vat ly: Tinh thé khéng mau, bén trong khdng khi, tan nhiéu trong nuéc. » Tinh chat héa hoc: Bi nhiét phan hiy: 2KNO; > 2KNO, + O27 2KNO; + 3C+S > NzT+3C021+KS > Ung dung: Ding lam phan b6n (phan dam, phan kali) Ché tao thudc né, thudc sing. Dé nam ving toan bo phan tng héa hoc cia kim loai kiém, em hay hoc thudc long so dé phan tng duéi day 280 LE DANG KHUONG - NGUYEN XUAN TRUONGCHUNG 7: KIM LOAI KIEM - KIM LOAI KIEM THO - NHOM a NaNO & Oye me ) NaNO2, 02) Na gL Na, CO. Ne 6 ee es © af Nac 8 Vs 2 3 Na,oS)_» NaoH__» Natico, 6 cof os “$Y A Nac] ___@0)__y. Giaven (waclsnacio) 1, 4Na +02 —?2Naz0 2.2Na + 2HCl > 2NaCl + Hat 3, Na + 2HNO3(@ +NaNOs + NOzt + H20 4, Naz0 + 2HNOs >2NaNO3 + H20 5, Naz0 + H,0 >2NaOH 6, NaOH + CO2a > NaHCOs, 7. NaHCOs + HCI -> NaCl + CO2t + H20 8. 2NaHCO > NasCOs + H:0-+ C021 9, NaxCOa + CO2 + HaO > 2NaHCOs 10, NasCOs + 2HC} > 2NaCl + COzt + H20 11. NazCOs + MgSO«— MgCOs1 + NazSOs 12. 2NaCl¢y + H2SO4ca > NaaSOx + 2HCloy 13, 2NaNOs > 2NaNOz+O2t 14, NaNOs ) + H2804 a) —> NaHS0s + HNO3 15, NaHSOy + NaOH > NaySO, + FiO 16. NazO + 2HC] + 2NaCl + H20 17, NaOH + HCL NaCl + H20 18, 2NaCl + 2H,0 —> 2NaOH +H. 7+ChT 19, 2NaOH + Cla NaCl + NaCl0 + 20 20, 2NaCl + 210 > 2NaOH + HT +Cht 2NaOH + Cle > NaCl + NaClO + H20 21, NaClO + CO; + H0-» NaHCO; + HCIO 22, 2NaOH + HzS0, > Na,SO,+H,0 NaHS, NaSO4 LE DANG KHUONG - NGUYEN XUAN TRUONG 281CHU'ONG 7: KIM LOAI KIEM - KIM LOAI KIEM THO - NHOM. B, KIM LOAI KIEM THG (Be, Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba) 1, Don chat kim logi kiém thé a) V/ tri trong bang tun hoan, cdu hinh electron, tinh chat vat ly ¥ Thugc nhém IA, cu hinh electron lép ngoai cing: ns? v Mang tinh thé: Be, Mg: Luc phwong. Ca, Sr: Lap phwong tam dién, Ba: Lap phuong tam khi Mau trdng bac, cé thé dat méng, mém, khéi Iuong riéng nhé, Y tee ts bién Q6I khdng theo quy luat tong d6i thap nhung cao hon kim loai kiém thé. 'b) Tinh chat héa hoe: Tink khir manh dting sau kim loai kim: M— Mz +2e ts Tac dung v6i phi kim: Mg + Cl > MgCl 2Ca +02 2Ca0 w= Téc dung voi dung dich axit: Ca+ 2HCl— CaCl + Het Mg + 2H2S0-;ai) —“-> MgSO. + S021 + 2H20 AMg + 10HNOs going —-> 4Mg(NOs)2-+ NHANOs + 3120 te Tac dung voi nwéc: * Be khéng tdc dung voi née & moi nhige dé. Mg tdéc dung voi mue6e & nhiée d6 cao: Mg+H20 —"> MgO + Hot Ca, Sr, Ba ede dung voi nu6c & nhiée a6 thurdng ~> hidroxie. Ba + 2H20 ~ Ba(OH)2 + Ht ©) Didu ché va teng dung * Diéu ché: Dién phan mudi clorua néng chay: MgCl: —®*-> Mg + Chet Ung dung: * Be: Ché tao cc hop kim cé tinh dan hii, ben chic, khong bj 4n mon. Mg: Ché tao hop kim cing, bén va nhe (may bay...) ‘Téng hep nhiéu hop chat hiu co, chit chiéu sang ban dém, * Ca: Lam chat khit dé tach ox, ju hujmh ra khai thép, Lam khé mét sé hop chat hau co. 2, Cachop chat cita Canxi a) Canxi hidroxit: Ca(OH): (V6i toi) > Tinh chat héa hoc: La mot bazo manh x Tac dung v6i axit: Ca(OH)2 + 2HCI + CaCl + 2H20 v3 Tac dung voi oxit axit: Ca(OH)2 + C2» CaCOs 1 + H20 Ca(OH)2 + 2002 Ca(HCOs)2 2 Tac dung voi mudi: Ca(OH)2 + NagCO3 + CaCO + 2Na0H + Ung dung: Ché tao vita x4y nha, khir chua dat tring, San xuat clorua voi ding dé ty tréing, kh tring. 282 LE DANG KHUONG - NGUYEN XUAN TRUONGCHU'ONG 7: KIM LOAT iM - KIM LOAI KIEM THO - NHOM. ) Canxi cacbonat: CaCOs (DA voi) ¥ Tinh chat héa h ‘Tae dung v6% axit: CaCO3 + 2HC1 > CaCl + C021 + H20 CaCO3 + COr +20 > Ca(HC0s)z (Qué trinh thuan (1) 1a swxam thiye cita nue mua) (Qua trinh nghjch (2) f& sytgo thanh thach nha) Bj phan hay boi mhigt: CaCOa "> Cad + COsT ¥ Ong dung: Ding trong cong nghiép san xudt thay tinh. Bidu ché céc chat khdc nhw: CaO, Ca(OH); ¢) Canxi sunfat; CaSO, (Thach cao) Phan loai va tng dung: #Thach cao sng: CaSO..2H20: chuyén héa thanh thach cao nung. CaSO,.2H,0 —* > caSO,.H,0 © Thach cao nung: (CaSO..H20 ho&c caso. H,0) Thuimg ding dé dic twong, bé bét, trang tri nGi that, lam phan viet. # Thach cao khan: CaSO4: Sin xudt xi mang. 3.Nwéc cing: a) Khai niém; Nuc cing 1a nuée chita nhidu Ca*,Mg” . Nuc m&m Ia nwéc chia rat it hoc khong chita Ca”, Mg? . b) Phan loai: Nuéc cé tinh cing tam thé: HCO;, Ca", Mg . Nuéc cé tinh cémg vinh ciku: CI", SO{, Ca, Mg”. Nuéc cé tinh cing toan phan: gém ca 2 tinh cimg trén. ©) Bign phap kim mém nuéc cing: Nude cing tam thoi; Dun: Ca(HCO,), “> Caco, +CO, T+H,0 Mg(HCO, ), "> MgCO, +CO,7+H,0 Sie dung dung dich Ca(OH), via di Ca(HC0s)2 + Ca(OH)z > 2CaCO3 4 + 2420 Mg(HC0s)2 + Ca(OH). > MgC0s J + CaCO; 1 + 2H0 ¢ Nuée cig vinh cieu; Sir dung dung dich NazCOs va NasPOs. Ca** +COF CaCO, + 3Mg”* +2P0; Mg, (PO,), + « Phuong phdp trao déi ion: Siredung céc hat zeolit gidm tinh cing vinh ciru va tam thd, LE BANG KHUONG - NGUYEN XUAN TRUONG 283CHUNG 7: KIM LOALKIEM - KIM LOAI KIEM THO - NHOM 284 ‘DE nm vitng toan bo phan tng héa hoc cia kim logi kiém thé, em hay hoc thuéc long so dé phan tng dw6i aay “wa Ro,“ @5) > R(OH), fe. @ RO C) fay R(Ba, Cé, Sr) qe = RC, X ZX R(NO-) 1.2R+02—“> 2R0 2.RO + H2SOs > RSO. + H20 3.RO+H20 — R(OH): 4.RO + 2HCL RCI + H20 5.R+2H20 R(OH)2 + Hz 6.R+2HCl RClo+ He 7. RC, —25R + Clr 8. R(OH)2 + FeCle + RCh + Fe(OH)2 9. R(OH)2 + NazCO3 RCO3 + 2NaOH 10. R(OH)2 gta) + Che ~> ROC: + H20 11. ROOH)z + 2CO2a»—> R(HCOs)2 12. 2ROCl: + 2COzjax) + 2H20 -» R(HCOs)2 + RCle + ZHCIO 13, RCHCOs}2 > RCO3 + CO2 + H20 14, RCO3 + CO; + HzO > R(HCOs)2 15. R(HCOs}2 + 2HNO3 ~» R(NOs)2 + 2CO2 + 2H20 16. R(NOs}z + NazCO3 ~> RCO; + 2NaNOs 17. RCOs + 2HNO3 > R(NOs)2 + Hz0 + COz 18. R(NOs}2 > R(NO2)2 + Oz 19. RClz + 2AgNOs + R(NOs)2 + 2AgC1 LE BANG KHUONG - NGUYEN XUAN TRUONGCHUONG 7: KIM LOAI KIEM - KIM LOAI KIEM THO - NHOM 20. RCl2 + NazCO3 > RCOs + 2NaCl 21,RCO3 + 2HCI— RCh + HO + CO2 22, RC2 + 2HNOs > R(NOs}2 + CoHz 23, RC: + 2HCI > RCh + CoH 24. R426 > RC 25.R(OH)2 + HoS0s — RSO, + 2H,0 26. 2ROCI + COz + H20 + RCO; 4 + RCh + 2HCIO ¢. NHOM VA HOP CHAT CUA NHOM A. Nhém (,,A1) a) Vi tri trong bang tun hoan, edu hinh electron, tinh chat vat ly > Oth 13, chu Ii 3, nhém IA. > Cduhinh electron ,,Al: 15*2s?2p%3se3pt > Mau trdng bac, khd mém, dé kéo soi va dat méng. > Cau tric tinh thé: Lap phuong tim ign, > Kim loai nhg, dn dién va din nhiée tot. b) Tinh chat héa hoe: Tinh khir manh sau kim loa kim, kim thé: Al > AP++ 3e t= Tac dyng v6i phi kim: 21 y9¢+ 3Cl, > 2AICls AAL ge + 302 —> 2AL03 vs Tac dung véi dung djch axit; 2Al + GHC! 2AlCls + 3H2 7 8Al + 30HINOs (loin) > BAI(NOs)s + 3NH«NOs + 9H20 % Allbj thy dng trong dung dich HNOs dc, ngudi va dung djch 11,80. de, ngudl. vt» Phan tg nhigt nhom: 2Al + Fe.0; > ALO; + 2Fe ts Tac dung véi dung dich kiém: 2NaOH + 2Al + 2H,0 > 2NaAlO, + 3H2T (natri aluminat) 4% Luru y: Cac vat dung bing nhom b&n trong khong khi do cd mang oxit bn bao vé. c) Diéu ché # Nguyén liéu: quang boxit (Alz0;.2H,0), quing criolit (3NaF-.AIF:). 4 Phuong phap: Dién phan nhdm oxit nong chay: 2Al,03 —%¢ > 4Al + 302 t 4) Trang thai ty nhién va tng dung > Trang thai ty nhién: Chi ton tal & dang hop chat: quéng boxit (Al03), dat sét (Al203.2Si022H,0), mica (K20.Al20;). >» Ung dung: ‘Dang lam vt ligu ben nhe, lam day dn dign, ‘* Dang trong xy dung nha cita, trang tri. ‘© Bot mhém tr6n voi bot oxit s4t (hén hop tecmit) dé han dug ray. LE DANG KHUONG - NGUYEN XUAN TRUONG 285,CHU‘ONG 7: KIM LOAI KIEM - KIM LOA KIEM THO - NHOM 2, Hop chat cia nhom a) Nhém oxit: Al2Os: La chat rin mau trang. + Tinh chat héa hoe: La oxit luég tinh: % Tinh bazo: Al03 + 6HC! ~ 2AICls + 3H20 23. Tinh axit: AlzOs + 2NaOH > 2NaAl0; + #20 * Trang thai ty nhién: + Quang boxit (Alz03.2H20) Trong tinh thé 4 quy (rubi, saphia) b) Nhém hidroxit: Al(OH)s: La chat rn mau trang, két tia 6 dang keo ‘Tinh chat héa hge: La hidroxit wong tinh, kém bén nhié 3 Tinh bazo: AI{OH); + 3HCI > AlCIs + 3H20 +3 Tinh axit ; A(OH)s + NaOH — NaAl02 + 2120 2s Tinh kém bén nhiét: 2Al(OH}; —“> Aiz03 + 3H20 ©) Nhom sunfat: Al;(S0.)3 > Phen chua: KeSO¢.Alo(SO1)3.24H20 (KAI(SO4)2.12H20) > Phen nhém: Thay K+ bing Nat, NH;,.. > Tinh chat héa hoc: Alo(S0;}3 + 6NaOH > 2AI(OH)s | + 3Na2SO; Als(SO,)s + 6NH3 + 6H,0 > AI(OH)s ! + 3(NH,)2S04 d) Natri aluminat: NaAlo2 NaAlO2 + HCl + 0 > Al(OH)s 1 + NaCl NaAl02 + CO2 + H20 + NaHCOs + Al(OH): | ‘DE nm ving toan bo phan tng héa hoe ciia nhém, em hay hoc thude long so d phan tng dui aay AIN 286 LE BANG KHUONG - NGUYEN XUAN TRUONG.CHUNG 7: KIM LOAI KTEM - KIM LOAI KIEM THO - NHOM LAl+N— SAIN 2. 2Al + 2H20 + 2NaOH 2NaAlO; + 3H27 3.481 + 302 —“>2AL202 4, 2Al20: —*> 4Al + 302 5, 2A(OH)s "> Al,O2 + 3H20 6. AI(OH); + NaOH NaAlO; + 2H20 7, NaAlOz + COz + 2H20 --AI(OH)s! + NaHCOs 8. AIN + 3H,0 Al(OH); + NH3t 9. 2Al+3Cl —>2AlCls 10. 2AICls + 3Mg 2A! + 3MgCle 11. AL Os + 2NaOH >2NaAlO, + H20 12, Als + 6HCI +2AICls + 31120 13. AICI + 3NH3 + 34,0 >AI(OH)s! + 3NHACl 44, AI(OH); + 3HCI > AICis + 3H20 15.4A1+3C > AleCs 16. AliCs + 12H20 + 4A1(0H); + 3CHat CAC DANG BAI TAP LY THUYET DANG 1: Bai tap ly thuyét vé kim loai kiém BAI TAP MAU 3 Co ban Cau 1. Cau hinh electron lép ngoai cing cia nguyén tir kim loai kiém 1a A.nst. B.ns?. ‘C. ns*np}. D. (n-1)d=nsv, Huéng dan giai Kim loat kim thuée nhém IA, ¢6 1 electron lép ngoai cing. — C4u hinh electron lop ngoai cling la: nst > Dap an A Cau 2, Nguyén t6 nao sau day cht ton tai & dang hop chat trong ty nhién? A Au B. Na. C.Ne. D. Ag. Huong dan giai Asai vi Aula Kim ioai cé tinh khir yéu c6 tn tai & dang don chat. B ding vi Na JA kim loai kim cé tinh Khir manh nén khéng tin tai & dang don chat trong ty nhién (SGK 12 co ban ~ trang 108). Cssai vi Ne la khi hiém (khi tro) ~ cé tin tai & dang don chat. D sai vi Aga kim loai c6 tinh khit yéu > c6 thn tai 6 dang don chat. > Dap anB LB DANG KHUONG - NGUYEN XUAN TRUONG 287CHUONG 7: KIM LOAI KIBM - KIM LOAI KIEM THO - NHOM Cau 3. Néu M 1a kim loai kiém th) oxit cdia nd cé cng thitc la A.MO2, B.M.0s, CMO. D.M20. Huéng dan gi M la kim loat kim thugc nhém 1A Céng thitc oxit cita kim loai Ma M20. > Dap anD ‘Cau 4. Nhan dinh nao du6i day kh6ng ding vé kim loal kim? A. Kim logi kiém cé tinh khie rt manh. B.C6 thé ding dao 4é cat kim logi kim. C. Tir Li dén Cs, tinh khit cia kim loai kiém giam dan. 'D, DE bao quan kim loai kiém, ngwoi ta thudmg ngdm né trong dau héa. Huwong dan giai A diing vi kim loai kiém o6 nang wong ion ha nhé (SGK 12 co ban - trang 107). B ding vi kim loai kim rat mém (SGK 12 co ban - trang 106, 107). Csai vi tt Li dén Cs, tinh khit ciia kim loai ki8m ting (SGK 12 co ban - trang 107). D ding vi kim loai kiém cé tinh khtr manh tac dung dé dang v6i cdc chat trong khong ki (02, hoi nuéc) 6 diu kién thuéng nhung khdng tac dung v6i dau héa. > Ngam kim loai kiém trong dau héa dé bao quan kim loai kiém Cau 5. Phan img héa hoc nao duéi day viét sai? ‘A.COz + NaOH —> NalICO3 B.SOz + 2NaOH —> NarSOs + H20 C.NOz + NaOH ~> NaNO3 + H20 D.NaOH + NaHCOs —> NaC; + H20 Hwong dan giai Csai vi 2NOz + 2NaOH > NaNO, + NaNOs + 120, > bap an Cau 6, Chat X c6 tinh chat sau: ~ X tac dung véi dung dich HCl tgo ra khf ¥ lam duc nuéc v6i trong, +X khéngiam mat mau dung dich brom. +X tc dung v6i dung djch Ba(OH)2 ¢6 thé tg0 ra hai mudi, chatx la A.NazCOs, B.NaHCOs, C.NaiSOs. D. Na2SOx. Hung dan giai % Khi Y lam van duc nu6c voi trong Ca(OH)2 ~> Y 14 CO2 hoe $02 vi o6 phuong trinh: Ca(OH): + C02 > CaCOs L + #20 Ca(OH): + $02» CaS03 1 + H20 ~ Cac dp dn A, B, C Bu c6 thé vis NazCO3 + 2HCI—> 2NaCl + C02 T+ HeO NaHCOs + HCl NaCl + C02? + H:0 NazSOs + 2HCI + 2NaCl + S02 1 + H20 ~ Logi D vi Na.SO; + HCl kh6ng phan ting. + Xikhéng lam mat mau dung dich Br: > X la mudi chtta g6c CO} hodc HCO;. 288 LE DANG KHUONG - NGUYEN XUAN TRUONGCHUONG 7: KIM LOA KIEM - KIM LOALKIEM THO - NHOM + Csal vi NazSO3, NaHSOs phan tng véi Bra theo phuong trinh phan ting: Na2SOs + Brz + H20 + Na.SO, + 2HBr + X tdc dung véi dung dich Ba(OH), tao 2 mudi Xa NaHCOs 2NaliCOs + Ba(OH)z ~ BaCOs | + NazCOs + 2H20 > bap an B v Van dung Cau 7, Ung dung quan trong cla hop kim Na- K1a A. ché tao thuj tinh hiru co. B, ché tao té bao quang dign. C. fam chat trao déi nbiét trong 1d phan ting hat nhan, D. san xudt NaOH va KOH. Hw6ng dan gidi ‘Gng dung quan trong cia hop kim Na - K 1a ding lam chat trao déi nhiét trong mgt 6 lo phan ting hat nhan (SGK 12 co ban - trang 108). = Dap an C Cau 8. Phuong phdp diBu ché kim loai kiém 1a A, khit oxit bing khi CO. B. dién phan néng chay mudi halogenua hoac hidroxit cia ching. C. dign phan dung dich mudi halogenua. D. cho Al tac dung véi dung dich musi. Hwéng din giai Phuong phap diéu ché kim joai kiém la dién phan hop chét ciia chting (muéi halogen hodc hidroxit) néng chay. ANaOH <> 4Na+ 2H20T + Ost 2Nacl —*>2Na+ Chet > Dap an B CAu 9, Muén bao quan kim loai kim ngudi ta ngam kin chéing trong dau hoa. Loi gidi thich no sau day diing nhat? A. Diu hod tgo lop mang bao vé trén b8 mat kim logi kiém nén ching khéng bj oxi hod khi dura ra ngoai khong khi hoc tiép xtic voi nuéc. B, Diu hod kh6ng tdc dung véi kim loai kim va cach li kim loai kiém véi khéng kehi, bao ve kim loai ki8m khdng bi oxi hod. C, Dau hoa tac dung v6i kim loai kim tao lop mang mdng va bén bio vé cho kim loai kim Khéng bi oxi hod. D, Dau hoa la chat khéng thém nuéc, khong thém khi nén la chat t6t nhdt bao vé kim loai kiém trnh hai tac nan oxi hod nay. Hung dan gidi Vikim loai kiém cé tinh Khir manh, — Phin ting duge v6i Oz, H:0 trong khng ki & nhigt d9 thuéng. — BE bao vé kim logi kiém ta ding dau héa do: dau héa khng téc dung v6i kim loai kiém va ngan cin sy tigp xite gitea khong khi véi kim loai kim gidip kim loai kim khong bi oxi héa, = Dap 4nB LB DANG KHUONG - NGUYEN XUAN TRUONG 289CHUONG 7: KIM LOAI KIEM - KIM LOAI KIEM THG - NHOM Cau 10. Diu nhan dinh nao sau day la sai? A. Trong m@t chu ki, kim loaf kim 6 tinh khir manh nbat. B, Mot s6 kim loai kiém nhe hon nuéc. ¢. Tat cd céc kim loai kiém va kiém thé déu téc dung voi née, D, Trong m@t chu ki, kim loai kiém c6 khdi luong riéng nhé hon kim loai kim thé, Huong dan giai ‘A: trong 1 chu ki tir tréi sang phai tinh khir cia kim loat glam dn ~ Kim loai kim cé tinh khi manh nat (SGK 12 co ban - trang 107). B: kh6i luong riéng cita Li = 0,53 g/cm; Na = 0,97 g/cm? K = 0,86 g/cm? du nhé hen HAO = 1 g/cm? nhung Cs = 1,53 g/cm? lén hon nuéc (SGK 12 co ban - trang 106). C: Be khong tc dung voi nude, Mg tac dung chm voi nuéc & nhiét 46 thudng ~ Khong phai tét cd céc kim loai kiém thd d@u tac dung voi nuée. D: Kim loai kim c6 Kkhéi lugng riéng nhé hon kim loai ki8m thé (SGK 12 co ban ~ trang 106, 113). > Dap an BAI TAP TY LUYEN C4u 1. Cho biét Na c6 Z = 11, céu hinh electron ciia ion Na* 1a A, 1s?2s?2pe3s2, B. 1s¢2s?2p%3st, G.1s¢2s?2ps, D. 1st2se2pé, Au 2, Phat biéu ndo sau day ding? A. Kim loai kiém durgc diBu ché bang phuomg php dién phan néng chy mudi dorua cla chting. B, Cho K tac dung voi dung dich FeCl; sé thu dwgc kim loai Fe. C. Phan ting gitta kim loai kim va dung djch axit la phan ing ém dju, D. Céc kim logi kiém khéng téc dung véi nuéc & nhiét 6 thuong. Cau 3. Cho a mol $02 vao dung dich chita b mol NaOH, dung dich thu dugc chita muéi NaaSO3 va NaHHSOs. Gia tri cila a va b c6 méi quan hé 1a Aa>b. B.a2a, Dasb, Cau 4, Ding day platin sach nhiing vao hop chat X r8i dem d6t trén ngon lira dan khf (khéng mau), ngon lira cé mau tim, Két ludn nao sau day ding? A.X1ahgp chat cia Na, B.Xlahop chat ctia K, C.Xla hop chat ca Li. D.X 1a hgp chat cia Rb, Cau 5. Bién phan dung dich NaCl cé vach ng’, 6 anot thu durge A. NaOH. B. He. C.NaOH va He. D.Ch. Cau 6. Hign twong xdy ra khi thd mot mau natri vio nude la A. khong cé hign tugng gi. B. natri bj néng chay va chay trén mat nuée. C.natri tyr biing chy. D.natri chim din xudng day. Cau 7. Khi cho kim loai R vao dung dich Cu(NOs)z du thu dugc chat rén X. X tan hoan toan trong dung dich HCI du. Kim loai R13 AK B.Fe, CMg. D.Ag. 290 LE DANG KHUONG - NGUYEN XUAN TRUONGCHUONG 7: KIM LOAL KiEM - KIM LOAI KIEM TH - NHOM Cau 8. Tinh chat hod hoc cia NazCO3: (1) Téc dyng duge voi axit manh. (2) Thuy phan cho moi trurong bazo yéu. (3) Thug phan cho m6i trudng axityéu. (4) Téc dung duoc véi dung dich Ba(OH)2. $6 tinh chat dung !& A3. B.2, C4, D1. Cau 9. Mgt dung dich cé chia cc chat sau: K2CO3, KNOs va K-04. Bé chttng minh trong dung dich trén ¢6 chia K,C0s ta ding ‘A. dung dich NaCl. B. dung dich BaCle, C. dung dich HNOs. D. dung dich NaOH. Cu 10, Dung dich NaOH cé thé tic dung vi tat cd cdc chat trong day nao sau day? A. CuSOs, HCl, S02, Al2Os. B. BaCh,, HCI, S02, K. €. CuSO, HNOs, $0z, Cud. D. KzCOs, HNOs, COz, Cud. pAP AN a 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 BD A B B BD B A A c A HUONG DAN GIAL Cau 1. Cau hinh electron nguyén tir ,, Na: 1s?2s?2ps3s!. ~ C4u hinh electron cia ion ,,Na*: 1s228?2p* > bap inD Cau 2, A ing vi phwong phép diéu ché kim loai Iiém IA dign phan mui clorua néng chay cia chiing (SGK 12 nang cao - trang 151) (SGK 12 co ban - trang 108). B sai vi khi cho K tac dung voi dung djch FeCl, khéng thu dug kim loai Fe. 2K + 220 2KOH + Hat 3KOH + FeCls -> Fe(OH); J + 3NaCl Cai vi kim loai kiém phan tmg manh ligt v6i dung dich axit (SGK 12 co ban - trang 107). D sai vi kim loai kiém phan ing v6i nuéc & diéu kiém thurdng: 2M + 2H.0 > 2MOH + He? > Dap an A Cau 3, Phuong trinh héa hoc cita phan tng: NaOH + S02 NaHiSOs (1) 2NaQH +02 ~> Na,SO3 + H20 (2) é dung dich thu dug chita 2 mudi — xay ra c4 2 phuong trinh (1) va (2) a 1B cr 41<2<25acb<2a Teo, a > Dap 4nB LE DANG KHUONG - NGUYEN XUAN TRUONG 291CHUONG 7: KIM LOAI KIEM - KIM LOAI KIEM THO - NHOM. cau. Khi d6t hop chat: cia Li cho agon lira mau dé tia, cia Na cho ngon Kika mau ving. cia K cho ngon lita mau tim > X 1A bgp chat cla K, cia Rb cho ngon lira mau hong. > Dap 4nB caus. Khi dién phan dung dich NaCl (cé vach nga): > Tal anot (cy duong): xay ra qué trinh oxi héa ion Cl" :2Cl- Cl + 2e % Tai catot (cre 4m): xay ra qué trinh Khir H-0: 2H20+2e > 20H" + Hat ~> G anot (cyte dwong) c6 Cl, sinh ra, & catot (cue 4m) c6 He sinh ra, Phuong trinh héa hoc cia phan img dién phan: 2NaCI + 2H,0 22 5 2NaOH + H, T+ Cl,t ~papanD cau 6. Phuong trinh héa hoc cia phan ting gitta Nava H2O 2Na +2H.0 > 2NaOH + Hot ~ Hign tong: mu Na bj néng chay va chay trén mit nuéc (SGK 12 co ban - trang 107) = Dap anB cau 7, A ding vi X la Cu(OH)z tan hét trong HCl du: 2K + 2H20 > 2KOH +H. T 2KOH + Cu(NOs}2 2KNOs + Cu(OH)24 x Cu(OH)2 + 2HCI—> CuCl. + 2420 B, Csai viX la Cu khong tan trong HCI dur Fe+Cut>Fet+Cud Mg Cut» Mg++ Cul x x Cu+ HC khong phan ting. Dsai vi Ag+ Cu — khong phan tmg. > Dap ana caus. (2) diing vi: NasCO3 + 2HCI 2NaCl + C027 + H:0 (2) ding vi: CO} +H.0 == HCO; + OHM ~ Dung dich NazCO» bj thay phan tao méi truéng bazo yéu, (3) sai vi mudi Na2COs thiy phan tao moi trudng bazo yéu. (4) ding vi: NaxCOs + Ba(OH): > BaCOs 4 + 2NaOH — Céc tinh chat diing la: (1), (2) va (4). = Dapana 292 LE DANG KHUONG - NGUYEN XUAN TRUONGCHUONG 7: KIM LOAI KIEM - KIM LOAI KIEM THO - NHOM Cau 9. chat K,CO; KNO3 K,S04 Thude thir Nacl x x x Bach, Kt tia tring x Két tia ting HNO; C6 khi khong mau x x NaOH x x x — Ding HNOs dé nh4n biét K2CO3 cé trong hén hep mudi. 2HNOs + KeCO3 > 2KNOs + C021 + H20 + Dap nC Cau 10, o NaOH tac dung durec véi nhirng chat sau: CuSO,, HCI, HNOs, S02, CO2, K, AlOs. + NaOH khong tac dung v6i nhimng chat sau: CuO, BaCh, KxCO3. CuSO, + 2NaOH > Cu(OH)2 4 + NaxSOx HC] + NaOH ~ NaCl + H20 HNO; + NaOH ~> NaNOs + H20 $0; + 2NaOH ~ NazS05 + HO ‘Al.03 + 2NaQH ~ 2NaAIO2 + HzO CO2 + 2NaOH — Na2CO3 + H20 K phan ting v6i H20 cita dung dich NaOH: 2H.0 + 2K > 2KOH + He t > Dap an A Em lam bai kiém tra dw6i day dé cing cé kién thire nhé! BALKIEM TRA Au 1. Kim loai nao sau day tan nhanh trong nwéc dw 6 nhiét 46 thudng? Ali. B.Fe. Mg. D.Al. Cau 2, Cation M* c6 cu hinb electron lép ngoai cing 3s?3ps 1a ALi’. B. KY C. Rb* D. Nav. Cau 3, Phan ting nhiét phan khéng ding la A.2KNO; —*-> 2KNO2 + O27 B. NHsNO, —"> No + 2H20 €. NHsCl > NHs+ HC] D. NaHCOs —» NaOH + C02 Au 4, C6 thé ding NaOH khan dé lam khé cdc chat Khi nao? A.NHs, $02, CO, Ch. B. Nz, NOz, Cz, CHs, Hz. CNH, Oz, Na, CH, Ha. D. Na, Cla, O2, CO2, He. Cau 5. Kim loai nao sau day 18 kim loai kim? A.A. B.Cs. Cc, D. Mg. LE DANG KHUONG - NGUYEN XUAN TRUONG 293CHUONG 7: KIM LOAI KIEM - KIM LOAI KIEM THO - NHOM Cau 6. Thue hién céc thi nghiém sau: (1) Bign phan dung dich NaNOs. (1 Cho dung dich NasCOs vao dung dich Ca(OH). (HID ign phan dung dich NaCl véi dign exc tro, cé mang ngan. (QV) Cho Cu(OH), vio dung djch NaNOs. (V} Suc khi NHs vao dung dich NazCOs, (VI) Cho dung dich Na.S0« vao dung dich Ba(OH)2. Céc thi nghiém.d&u thu dugc NaOH 1a A.D,dipvawv). B.D, aad. =, Gv va). D. (HN, (¥) va (wD. Cau 7, Bé ching minh NaHCO: a chat Jwéng tinh c6 thé ding 2 phwong trinh héa hoc cia phan tng nao? ‘A.NaHCOs + HCL-» NaCl + 10+ CO2t; NaHCOp + NaHSO4—> NaxSOs + CO2 t + H20. B, 2NaHCOs + H2S04—> NaSO, + 2H20 + 2CO27 ; NaHCOs + HC] > NaCl + H20 + C027. C. NaHCOs + HCI — NaCl + H20 + CO2?; NaHCO: + NaOH ~> Na2COs + H20. D. NaHCOs + NaOH ~> NazCOs + H20; 2NaHCO3 + Ca(OH)}2—> NazC03 + CaCO3t + H20. Cau 8. Ung dung nao sau day khong phai cla NaCl? A.Dé di’u ché kim loai natri. B. DE diéu ché Ch, HCI, née Gia - ven. €. Khir chua cho aat. D. Lam mudi &n trong gia dinh, ‘Cau 9. Cho céc céch diéu ché NaOH: (2) Cho Na tac dung voi H20: 2Na + 2H0 > 2NaOH + Hat (2) Cho Naz0 tac dung voi #20: Naz0 + H,0 > 2NaOH (3) ign phan dung dich NaCl c6 mang ngén x6p: 2NaCl + 2Hz0—*> 2NaOH+ He? + Clat Cach ding dé diéu ché NaOH trong cong nghiép 1 (A). B.(2). 6@). D.(1), (3). Cau 10. So dd phan ting nao sau day thfch hop nhat dé aiéu ché Na tir NaxCO? A. NazCOs —HS% 5 NazSOq 85 Na. B.NaxCO; “> NaxO > Na. C.NazCO; #25 NaCl > NaOH —®°-> Na, D.Na2COs "> NaC] > Na. DAP AN 1 2 3 a 5 é 7 8 9 10 B D c B a c c c D 294 LE DANG KHUONG - NGUYEN XUAN TRUONGCHUONG 7: KIM LOAI KEM - KIM LOAL KIEM THO - NHOM HUONG DAN GIAT Cau 1, ‘A. ding vi: phwong trinh béa hoc cia phan ing: 2Li + 2H20 2LI0H + Hat B sai vi Mg tan cham trong nwéc & nhigt 46 thurong do sinh ra Mg(OH)2 khéng tan trong nuéc (SGK 12 co bn - trang 114): Mg+2H20 > Mg(OH)24 + Het sai vi Fe khong téc dung voi H20 6 nhiét a6 thuéng, = Fe khéng tan trong mrdc (SGK 12 co ban - trang 140). D sai vi b8 mat nhém cé mang nh6m oxit bén, khéng cho nude va khéng khi thém qua > Ngan can sy tip xite voi nue cha nhém. ~+ Nhém khong tan trong nuéc (SGK 12 co ban - trang 113). > Bap an cau 2, M¢ c6 cu hinh electron lop ngoai cing 3s*3p* Céu hinh electron cia Mr: 1s*2s?2ps3st3p%, ~ Cu hinh electron ciia M la: 1s?2s?2p3s?3ps4si > Z= 19 MAK. ~ Pap énB caus. D sai vi phwong trinh héa hoc eiia phan ting: 2NaHCOs —"»Na2CO3 + C2 T + H20 + bap an D cau 4, ‘Bé lam khé khi thi chat X cn phai tha man 2 diéu kién ¥ Heit nude. ¥ Khéng phan tng véi cht duge lam kho. A,B, D sai vi NaOH phan ting v6i C02, S02, NO2 C02: CO + 2NaOH ——>Na2COs + 120 S02: SOz + NaQH —>NaHSO3 NO»: 2NO2 + 2NaOH ——>NaNOs + NaNO2+ #20 > Dap an caus. ‘Trong céc kim loai trén, kim loai kiém la Cs (SGK 12 cor ban - trang 106). > Dap an B. cau 6. Phuong trinh héa hoc ciia cc phan tng: (1) HO 24> Het +027 (01) NazCO3 + Ca(OH}2 —+ 2NaOH + CaCOs! (11) 2NaCl + 2H20 —2!> 2Na0H + Hat + Chat (IV) Cu(OH)z J + NaNOs— kh6ng phan ding (V) NHs + NazCOs + kh6ng phan tng LE DANG KHUONG - NGUYEN XUAN TRUONG 295CHUONG 7: KIM LOAI KIEM - KIM LOAI KIEM THO - NHOM, (V1) NazSO, + Ba(OH}2 —>2Na0H + BaSOut Cac thi nghiém diéu ché duoc NaOH la: (11), (1H), (VI). > Dap and cau 7. Chat IwGng tinh 1a chat vita tac dung duge véi axit, vira tée dung duge véi bazo nhung kh6ng cé sy thay A6i s6 oxi ha ciia cac nguyén t6. > Dap anc caus. Adiing vi phuong trinh héa hgc cia phan ting dién phan 2NaCl —M> 2Na+ Chet B diing vi phwrong trinh héa hoc cia phan ting: 2NaCl + 2H20 —2> 2NaOH + Cle T + HoT 2NaOH + Cl: NaClO + NaCl + H20 nuécGia-ven Ch+He > 2HCI Cssai vi dat chua la dat c6 [H+] cao ~ Dé gidm a9 chua cia dat cin giam [H+]. NaCl l& mu6i c6 méi trwéng trung tinh + Khéng c6 tac dung lam gidm [H+] cua dat. ~ Khéng cé tac dung khir chua dat. D diing vi muéi an hang ngay la mudi NaCl dugc két tinh tir nuéc bién. > Dap anc cau 9. Biéu ché NaOH trong céng nghiép bing phwong phap dién phan dung dich NaCl cd mang ngin x6p (SGK 12 NC - trang 154). Phuong trinh héa hoc ctia phan ing: 2NaCl + 2H20 > 2NaOH+ Hz? + Ck t ~ Dap anc cau 10, Asai vi: Ba khéng day duoc Na ra khéi mu6i NazSOx: Ba +2H.0 > Ba(OH)2 + Hz T Ba(OH)2 + Na2SO, > BaSO, 4 + 2Na0H B sai vi: NacCO; —*> khéng xdy ra. C sai vi tir NaCl digu ché duoc Na theo phan tng: 2NaCl —“=> 2Na + Cl T D diing vi:NaxCO2 + 2HCI > 2NaC1+ H20 + C021 2NaCl —8> 2Na +Ch T = Dap anD 296 LB DANG KHUONG - NGUYEN XUAN TRUONGCHUONG 7: KIM LOAI KIEM - KiM LOAi KIEM THO - NHOM. BAI TAP MAU ‘ao ban Cau 1.Cho biét Ca (Z=20) cau hinh electron cia ion Ca?" 1a Ads'2s?2p%3st3p64s2 B.1s*2s*2p63823pS4st, C.1s%2s*2p53s?3p6, D, 1s?2s?2p83s?3ps4s?4p?, Huong din giai Au hinh electron cita nguyén tir .,Ca: 1s22s*2p63s?3psds? ~ Caw hinh electron cita ion Ca®: 15*2s?2p53s23p8, = Dap anc Cau 2. Dé lam mém nuéc cé tinh etmg vinh ciru cé thé ding dung dich nao sau day? A.CaCh. B.NazCOs. C.Ca(OH)a. D.KCL. Huéng dan giai Dé lam m&m nwéc cing vinh ciu ta sit dung dung dich NazCOs hoc NasPOs (SGK 12 co ban ~ trang 117). Phuong trinh ion: Mg** + CO? —>Mgco, 3Ca’* +2PO —>Ca,(PO,), + > Dap an B Cau 3.Tinh cht hoa hoc chung cia kim loai kim va kim Jogi kin thé 2 A.ténh khir manh. B. tinh oxi héa manh. C.tinh Khir yeu, D.tinh oxi ha yéu. Huwéng din giai Kim loai kiém va kim loal kiém thé la ning kim loai du c6 tinh khir manh, > Dap an A Céu 4. Loai da va khodng chat no sau day khong chita canxi cacbonat? A.DA VOI. B.Thach cao. C.Da hoa cuong, D.Da phan. Huong dan gi Khoding chita CaSO, 18 thach cao. = Dap anB Cau 5, Phat biéu no sau day sal khi ndi v8 ting dung cia Ca(OH):? A.Digu ché nuéc Gia-ven trong cing nghiép. B.Ché tao voi vita xy nha, ¢.Khér chua dat trong trot. D.Ché tgo clorua voi IA chat tay trang va sét tring. Hwong dan gidi Asai vi mc Gia-ven c6 cong thie (NaCI0, NaCl). Bating (SGK 12 co ban - trang 114) (SGK 12 nang cao - trang 162). LE DANG KHUONG - NGUYEN XUAN TRUONG 297CHU'ONG 7: KIM LOAI KIEM - KIM LOAI KIEM THO - NHOM. € ding vi: dt bj chua la do [H" ] cao nén nén ding Ca(OH)2 dé giam ndng dé [H*] c6 trong dét theo phuong trinh ion: H’ + OH” > H,0 D ding (SGK 12 nang cao - trang 162). bap ana Cau 6. Thi nghiém khéng xay ra phan ting 1a A, cho BaCO; vao dung dich H250., B, cho dung dich NaNO; va dung dich MgClz. , cho dung dich NaxCOs vao dung dich CaClz D. cho canxi oxit vao nuéc. Huéng dan git Phuong trinh héa hoe cia céc phan ting: BaCOs + HsS04— BaSO, 4 + C027 + Ho NaNOs + MgCl, ~ khéng phan éeng NaCO3 + CaClz~» CaCOs 1 + 2NaCl CaO + H0 > Ca(OH)2 ~ Thi nghidm khéng xdy ra phan ng: dung dich NaNO va dung dich MgCl. > Dap anB ¥ Van dung (Cau 7. Céng thie chung cia oxit kim loai thugc nhém TA 1a ALR2O3. B.RO. ©. RO2. D. R20. Huéng dan gidi Kim loai thuéc nhém IIA Céng thitc oxit li RO. > Dap anB Cau 8. Khang dinh nao sau day khong ding? A. Khong gidng nur kim loai kiém, kim loai ki8m thé cé nhiét 4} néng chay, nhiét dé séi bign d6i khong theo quy luat B. Tinh khit cita céc kim loai ki8m thé chi sau kim loai kim va nhom, C. Nusc cing vinh citu Ia née chita cdc mudi sunfat, mu6i clorua ciia canxi va magie. D, Kh6ng phai tat cd cdc kim loai kiém thé déu tac dung duege véi nude. Huéng dan giai A diing vi cdc kim loai kiém thé cé cu trite mang tink thé khong gidng nhau nén nhiét dQ sdi, nhigt 46 nong chay bién d6i khOng theo quy luat nhw kim loai kiém (SGK 12 co ban - trang 113). B sai vi tinh khit ctia cdc kim logi kiém thé yéu hon so véi céc kim loai kiém nhung manh hon nhém (SGK 12 co-ban - trang 120), C diing (SGK 12 co ban - trang 116). D diing vi: Be khéng tac dung duoc voi nude & moi nhiét a6. > Dap an B Cau 9. Trong thién nhién, kthéng gp céc kim loai kiém va kim thé & dang tyr do vi ‘A. thanh phn cita chiing trong thién nhién rt ahd, B. ching 1a nhéng kim loai hoat dng rat manh. 298 LE DANG KHUONG - NGUYEN XUAN TRUONGCHUONG 7: KIM LOAI KTEM - KIM LOAI KIEM THG - NHOM. C.chiing la nhiing kim loai duge digu ché bang cach dién phan. D.chiing la nhimg kim logi nhe. Huéng dan gidi Kim loai kiém, kiém thé déu la ning nguyén t6 c6 tinh khir manh, = Kim loai kim, kim thé dé phn ting véi céc chat & diéu kién thuong, ~ Khong gap kim loai kim, kiém thé & dang ty do. ~ Dap nB Cau 10. Cho tie tir dén dur khi CO2 vao dung dich Ca(OH), hién trong quan sat durge 18 A.ban dau xuat hién két ta mau trang, sau d6 két ta tan dan dén hét. B.xudt hign két tha mau trang. C.xudthién két tia mau nau 46. D.ban dau xudt hign két tha mau trang, sau d6 két tia tan bot di mot phan, Huéng dan giai COz + Ca{OH}z > CaCOs | ring + HeO Khi COz dur: COz + H20 + CaCOs eins) > Ca(HCOa): cas) = Hign twong: ban dau xuat hién két tia mau trang, sau d6 két tia tan dan dén hét. > Dap an A BAI TAP TY LUYEN 1. Cau 1.Canxi oxit con duoc goi la A.voi sng. B.v0l toi. C.da voi, D.thach cao. Céu 2.Cho kim loai X vao dung dich H,SOs loging vira thay cé khf bay ra vira thay két tia. Kim loai X 1a ABe. B.Mg. C.Ba. D.cu. Cau 3.Chat nao sau day duoc sik dung trong y hoc, bé bot khi xwong bj gay? A.CaS04.2H20. B.MgS0s.7H20. €.CaSO4. D.CaSO4.H20. Cau 4. Hoa tan hén hop X gbm Mg va MgO trong dung dich HNOs loang thu durge khi Y Khong chy va nhe hon khéng khi, Khf Y 1a AN2, B.N20. C.NO. D-H Cau 5.Phan tng nao sau day khong xdy ra? A.Ca + 2H20~» Ca(OH) + Hz B.Be + 2H20 > Be(OH)z + Hat CMg + H;SO4—> MgSO, + Hz? D.Sr + 2H20 ~ Sr(OH)2 + Hat Cau 6.Ihi cho dung dich Ca(OH). vao dung dich Ca(HCOs)2 thi hién tong thu duge la A.cé két tia tring, B.cé bot khf thoat ra. C.cé két tia tring va bot khi thoat ra. D.khong hin tong. Cu 7. Mgt loai nuéc cimng Khi dun s6i thi mat tinh cig, Trong loai nuée cing nay cé hoa tan ning hop chit nao sau day? A.Ca(HCOs}2, Mg(HCO3)z. B.Ca(HCOs)2,MgCh. ‘C.CaSO,, MgCl. D.Mg(HCOz)2, CaCla, (Cu 8.Phan ting hoa hoc nao sau day biéu dién qué trinh tao thanh thach nbd trong cdc hang dng da voi? A.CaCOs + COz + H20 -» Ca(HC0s)2 B.Ca(HCOs)z > CaCOs + C021 + H20 C.Mg(HCO3)2 —"> MgC03 + COz t + H20 D.Ca0 + COz —+ CaC0s LE DANG KHUONG - NGUYEN XUAN TRUGNG 299CHUNG 7: KIM LOAL KIEM - KIM LOAI KIEM THO - NHOM Cau 9. Nude trong ty nhién thwdng cé lin mot luong nhd cc mudi Ca(NO2)2, Mg(NOs}:, Ca(HCOs)2, Mg(HCOs)s. C6 thé ding dung dich nao sau day dé loai dBng thoi cdc cation trong céc mudi trén ra khdi nude? A. Dung dich NaOH. B. Dung dich NaCl. €. Dung dich NazCOs. D. Dung djch HNO>. Cau 10. Nung hn hop X gdm Mg(OH)2, Ca(NOs)z, BaClz dén khdi long khong déi thu duoc hén hop Y. Hén hop Y gm A. Ca0, MgO, BaCle, B. MgO, Ca(NO2}2, BaCie. C. Ca(NOz)2, MgO, BaCh, D. CaO, MgO, Ca(NO2}z, BaClz DAP AN 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9110 A ¢ D a B A a B ¢ ¢ HUONG DANGIAI cau. ‘Thanh phan chinh cita céc chat trén la: Voi séng: Cao Voi toi: Ca(OH) Ba voi: CaCO Thach cao: CaSOs. > Dap ana cau 2, Phuong trinh héa hoe cita céc phan ting: Be + H2S0,—> BeSOs + H2 T Mg + H2S0, > MgSO, + He Ba + H2S0,— BaSOy4 + HT (Cu + He804 doing > KhOng phan ting ~ Kim loal X 1a Ba, ~ Dap an€ cau 3. Thach cao nung (CaSO,.H,0) ding 4é bé bot khi gay xuong, ~ Dap anD cau 4. Y 1a hf khéng chéy, nhe hon khéng khi (My< 29) + Y 1a Na. Phuong trinh héa hoc eita phan tmg: MgO + 2HNO; > Mg(NO3)2 + Hz0 SMg + 12HNO3 ~> SMg(NO3)2+NoT + 6H20 > Dap ana cau 5. A, D ding vi Ca, Sr kiiy H20 6 nhiét d6 thong, B sai vi Be khéng khir dugc née (SGK 12 co ban - trang 114). C ding vi Mg ding truéc H trong day dién héa nén phan img duge voi H.SO;. = Dap 4nB Cau 6: Phuong trinh héa hoe ciia phan ting: Ca(OH)2 + Ca(HCOs)2 2CaCOs 1 +2820 = Hign trgng: cé két tia trang. > Dap an A 300 LB DANG KHUONG - NGUYEN XUAN TRUONG:CHU'ONG 7: KIM LOAI KifM - KIM LOAI KIEM THO - NHOM cau 7. + Céc mudi bi nhiét phan: Ca(HCOs)2, Mg(HCOs)z. + Cac mudi khong bj nhigt phan: CaSO,, CaCle, MgCl. Phuong trinh héa hoc ca céc phan tg: Ca(HCO3}2 > CaCO; 1 + C027 + H20 Mg(HCOs)2 — 5 MgC; 1 +CO27+H20 ~B,C,D sai vi khi dun s6i kh6ng loai bo dugc ion Mg? va Cat, > Dap ana cau 8. Phan tg héa hoc giai thich sy hinh thanh thach nhdi trong hang déng da vol: Cat HCOs)2 + CaCO5 + C021 + H:0 = Dap anB Cau 9: Ding dung dich NazCOs dé loai bé dng thoi cdc cation trong céc mu6i trén ra khdi nude vi: Mg* +CO} — Mgco, 1 Ca* + CO} — CaCO, + = Dap an Cau 10. Phuong trinh héa hoc ciia cdc phan ig: Mg(OH): —“> MgO + H0 2Ca(NOz)2 —-» 2Ca(NOz)2 + 02 T BaChe: khéng bi nhiét phan. — Hon hgp Y gdm: MgO, Ca(NOz}2,, BaCh. ~ Dap an € BAL TAP TU LUYEN 2 Cu 1. Dan hén hop khi gdm COz, Oa, No va Hz qua dung dich Ca(OH)2. Khi bj hap thu 1a AL Ha B.CO2. C.Np. D. 02. Cau 2. Mét m4u nwéc cing chita cdc ion: Ca**, Mg*", HCO;, Cl", SOF. Chat doc ding 48 lam mm mdu nuée cing tren A.NaxC0s. B. HCl. C. HO). D. NaHCO. CAu 3. Dung dich nao sau day cé thé hoa tan CaCO3? A. BaCl, B.Na2SOs. €. Nuée c6 hoa tan khi CO.. D. Ca(HCOs)z. Cau 4. pé sat tring, téy ué tap xung quanh khu vue bi 6 nhiém, ngwoi ta thang rai lén dé. chat bt mau trang, Chat tét nhat 1a A. Ca(OH)2. B.Ca0. C.caCOs. D.ca0Cle. Cau 5. Phat biéu nao sai? A. Dung dich canxi hidroxit cdn goi la nwéc v6i trong. B. Canxi hidroxit la chat tan tot trong nuée. LE DANG KHUONG - NGUYEN XUAN TRUONG 301CHUONG 7: KIM LOAI KIEM - KIM LOAI KIEM THG - NHOM ‘C.Dung dich canxi hidroxit ¢é tinh baze, D.Canxi hidroxit ding 4@ khik chua dat trong trot. Cu 6.Hign tong xay ra khi ding binh dng CO2 xit vao dam chay Mg? A.Dam chay tit ngay, B.bam chdy tat dan. €.Bém chay tigp tuc chéy binh thudng. D.Dam chay chéy sng manh ligt. Cau 7.Kim logi ndo khng phan img duoc voi nwéc? A.Mg. B.Ba, C.Be. Dili. Cau 8.DE phan biét cdc dung dich (riéng biét): NaOH, (NH,)2S04, NH\Cl, NaxSO4 c6 thé ding dung dich nao? A.BaCh. B.Ba(OH)2. CAgNOs, D.NaOH, ‘Cau 9.Cho cdc phuong trinh héa hgc sau X+YZ+1h0 y+ 21+H:0+Et E+X->YhoicZ BiétX, Y, Z la hop chat ctia mt kim loai. Céc hop chat. Y, Z, E la hgp chat nao sau day? x ¥ z aA Ca(OH), CalHCO3)2 CaCOs B | Ca(OH: CaCOs Ca(HCOs}z Cc NaOH NaHCO; NaaCOs D NaOH Na.CO3 NaliCO3 Cau 10.Cho dung dich chira x mol Ca(HCOs)z vio dung dich chita x mol Ca(HSO4)2. Hién tuong xay ral A.siti bot khi. B.van duc. C.siii bot khi va van duc. D.van duc sau 6 trong suét tré lai. DAP AN 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 | 10 B a c D B D € B cle HUONG DAN GIAI cau. Baiing vi: Oz + CafOH)2 > CaCOs1 + H20 2€02 + Ca(OH)z > Ca(HC0s)2 ~ Dap 4n B cau 2, ‘Dé lam mém nwée céeng thi phai lam giam ham hong Ca’*,Mg”* Adiing vi NazCOs chita ion CO két hgp v6i ion Ca®* va Mg” c6 trong nuéc cing CO} +Ca**——sCaCo, + CO} +Mg* —+mgco, L 302 LE DANG KHUONG - NGUYEN XUAN TRUONG.CHU'ONG 7: KIM LOAI KIEM - KIM LOAI KIEM THO - NHOM B,C,D sai vi cdc chat HCI, HaS0s, NaHCO; khéng tac dung tao ra két tiia voi céc ion Ca? va Mgt trong mau nwéc citng. Dap nA cau 3. CaCOs 1A chat réin, khéng tan trong ntéc, nhtng tan trong nwéc c6 hda tan khi COz. Phuong trinh héa hoc ciia phan ting: C02 + HaO + CaCOs 4 — Ca(HHCO3)2 tan > Bap anc Cau 4: CaQCh €6 tinh oxi héa manh nén duge ding dé sat tring, tdy ué tap xung quanh khu vuc bi 6 nhiém, + Dap an D caus. A diing vi nuéc voi trong la dung dich Ca(OH)z (SGK 12 co ban - trang 114). B sai vi Ca(OH)2 la chat it tan trong nwéc (SGK 12 cor ban - trang 114), € ding (SGK 12 co ban - trang 114). D diing vi Ca(OH)2 la chat c6 tinh ki8m c6 kha ning lam gidm [H"] cé trong dat chua > Khit chua dat trong (SGK 12 nang cao ~ trang 162). > Dap an B cau 6. Phuong trinh héa hoc cita phan img: Mg + C02 > Mg0 + C Phan ting trén ta nhigt manh — Dam chay chay sng manh ligt. %* Chui ¥: Khéng diing COz dé dap t&t dm chdy Mg. + Dap anD can 7. A sai vi Mg phan ting v6i nuéc &-nhigt d@ cao: Mg + Hz0 > MgO + Hat B sai vi Ba phan ting voi nuéc & nhiét d6 thuémg: Ba + 2H,0 + Ba(OH)2 + Ha t € ding vi Be khéng phan tg véi nude (SGK 12 co ban - trang 114). D sai vi Li phan ing véi nude & nhigt a6 thug: 2Li + 2H20 > 2Li0H + Hat > Dap an caus, chat NaOH (NH,)2504 NHAC] NazSOx Thuéc th Ba(OH): KhOnghién | Cokhimai khai, | C6 khimii khai | Kéttia trang tong ‘két tia trang Phuong trinh héa hgc ciia cc phan tng: (NH.);S04 + Ba(OH)2 ~> BaSO, 1 + 2NH3 1 + 2H20 2NH4Ci + Ba(OH), > BaCl. + 2NH3 T+ 2H20 NazSO,+ Ba(OH}2~ BaSO, 4 + 2NaOH ~ Dap 4nB LE DANG KHUONG - NGUYEN XUAN TRUONG 303CHUCONG 7: KIM LOAI KIEM - KIM LOAI KIEM THG - NHOM cau 9. Nhiét phn ¥ thu duoc két ta Z va khi EZ la CaCO. Ca{OH)z + Ca{HCO3)2 > 2CaCO + 2H20 ow ” @ Ca(HC03)2 “> CaCOsl + C021 + H20 ~ oO ® 2C02 + Ca(OH}2 + Ca(HCOs)2 © & wo COz+ Ca(OH) > CaCOs 4 + H20 o @ Hop chatX, Y, Z, lan hot la: Ca(OH)2, Ca(HC03)2,CaCO3. > Dap an cau 10. Phuong trinh héa hoc cita phan ting: Ca(HCOs)2 + Ca(HSO.)2 > 2CaSO, + 2CO21 + 2420 ({ttan) (sii bot) — Hign trong: siti bot kh va c6 van duc. = Dap anc m tra dui day d€ cing oO Kign thike wkE! BALKIEM TRA Cau 1. Hal chat duge ding dé lam mm nuéc cig vinh cirw a ‘A.Na2C0s va HCl. B.NazCOz va NasPOs. €,Na2COs va Ca(OH). D.NaCl va Ca(OH)2. Cau 2.Céng thitc hod hoc cita thach cao sng la ‘A.CaS0s.2H.0. B,CaSOj-Hz0 hoc CaS0..0,5 H20. C.CaSO«. D.Ca(H:PO4)z.CaS0,.2H20. Cau 3. Dolomit la tén goi cia hén hgp nao sau day? A.CaCO3.MgCle B.CaCOs.MgCOs. C MgCO,.CaCk, DMgC03.Ca(HCOs)2. Cau 4.Cho dung dich Ca(OH)e vao dung dich Ca(HCOs)2 thay c6 A.két tila trang sau dé két tha tan dan, B. bot khi bay ra. C.bot ki va két tita tréing, D.két tha trang xudt hign. Cu 5. Phuong php thich hop ding dé diéu ché céc kim loai kiém thé 8 A.dién phan mudi clorua néng chay. B.dién phan dung djch mu6i clorua. C.nhiét phan mui sunfat. D.nhiét phan mudi clorua. Cau 6,Phan img héa hoc nao sau day viét sai? A.CaCOs + CO2 + H:0 + Ca(HC0s)2 B.2Na0H — > Na,0 + H.0 CaCO; + 2KHSO, CaSO, + KeSO, + CO2T+ 1:0 D.2Ca0Ch + C02 + HO ~» CaCle + CaCO; 4 + 2HCIO Cau 7,Phuong phap héa hoc dé nhan biét cdc chat ran NaCl, CaCl, MgClala ‘A.Diing diing dung dich H.S0s. B, Ding dung dich NaOH, ding tiép dung dich NazCO. 304 LE DANG KHUONG - NGUYEN XUAN TRUONGCHUONG 7: KIM LOL KIEM - KIM LOAL KIEM THO - NHOM €. Ding dung dich Na2C0s. D, Diing dung dich HCl, ding tiép dung dich NazCOs. Céu 8, Phuong phap khong ding 46 didu ché Ca(OH)2 1a ‘A. nung dé véi, sau 46 cho san pham rén tac dung v6i nwéc. B, cho canxi clorua téc dung véi natri hidro: €. cho canxi tac dung voi nuse, D. dign phan dung djch CaCl: khong cé mang ngan. Cau 9, Phat biéu nao sau day sai khi n6i v8 tng dung ciia Mg? A, Diing a ché tao hop kim eé tinh ctng, nhe, b&n, B, Ding dé téng hop nhiéu hyp chathiu co. €.Diing dé ché tgo chat chiéu sing ban dém. D. Ding lam chat khir 48 tach S, O2 ra Kndi thép. ‘Cau 10, C6 ba binh chia hn hop mudi: binh 1 (KHCOs + K2COs), binh 2 (KHCO3 + KeS03), binh 3 (KeCO3 + K,S0,). Thude thir dé phan bigt ba binh 46 1a A. dung djch BaCl,, dung djch HC), B. dung dich Ba(OH), dung dich HCl. . dung dich NaOH, dung dich H2SOs, D. dung djch HCl, dung dich Ba(OH).. DAP AN 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 B A B D A B B D D A HUONG DAN GIAL cau 1. Dé lim mem nue ciéng vinh civu ta sik dung dung dich NazCOs hoc NasPOs (SGK 12 co bn - trang 117). Phuong trinh ion ctia phan tng héa hoc: Ca** +CO# —sCac0, + 3Mg”” + 2P0} —>+Mg,(PO,), + = Dap anB Cau 2. Céng thiéc héa hoc ciia thach cao sOng la: CaSO4.2120 (SGK 12 co ban - trang 115). > DapanA cau 3: Dolomit la tén goi cia hén hop CaCOs.MgCOs. = Dap anB cau 4, Phuong trinh héa hoc cia phan tg: Ca(OH)2 + Ca(HCOs}2 > 2CaCOs | + 2H20 > Hién twgng: xudt hién két tila trang. > Dap anD LE DANG KHUONG - NGUYEN XUAN TRUONG 305Cau 5. Phuong phap diéu ché kim loai kiém thé 1a dién phan muéi clorua néng chay cia chting (SGK 12 nang cao ~ trang 160): MCh “5M +Cht Baan a Can 6. Bsai vi phurong trinh héa hoc cita phan tng dién phan: 4Na0H <> 4Na + 2H20 +021. > Dép an B can. chat NaCl CaCl Mach Thude thir NaOH Khong hién twong | Khonghigntegng | _ Kéttia tring NasCOz Khong hién twong Két tia tring Phuong trinh héa hgc cia phan dng: MgCl + 2NaQH > 2NaCl + Mg(OH)2 4 CaCiz + NazCO3 > CaCO; § + 2Naci ~> Dap an B cas, ‘A diing vi phuong trinh héa hoc ciia phan (mg: CaCOs “+ Cad + C027 €a0 + HO — Ca(OH) > Bibu ché dw Ca(OH)2 Being vi phurong trinh héa hgc cia phan tng: CaCl +2NaOH + Ca(OH): + 2NaCl_ > Didu ché duoc Ca(OH) Cdiing vi phirong trinh héa hoe cia phan tng: Ca+ 2H20 Ca(OH): + Hz? > Bidu ché dwoc Ca(OH)» Dsai vi phuong trinh héa hoc cla phan tmg: CaClz + 2H20 —85 Ca(OH): + Cle t+ Het 2Ca(OH): + 2Clz > CaCl + Ca(ClO}2 + 2420 ~» KhGng diu ché duge Ca(OH)2 Dap oad a9, ‘Ung dung cia cia Mg (SGK 12 nang cao ~ trang 160); # Ché tao hop kim cé tinh cing, nhe, ben, *Téng hop nhiéu hop chit hitu co. + La thanh phan trong chat chiéu sing ban dém. ~ Mg khéng ding lim chat khit dé tach S va 0. ra khéi thép. >BeandD 306 LE DANG KHUONG - NGUYEN XUAN TRUONGCHUNG 7: KIM LOQE KIEM - RIM LOALRIEM THO - NHOM cau 10, chat Binh i Binh 2 Binh 3 Thudethi? KACO; | K2CO; | KHCOs KO, | KeCOs | KeSOs Bude 1: Cho BaCh vio cdc binh Khong | Kéttia | Khong | Kéttia | Kéttia | Kéitia Bach | hign twong | tring (1) | hign tegng | trang (2)_| trang (1) | trang (2) > c6 kat tia trang = c6kéttia ting | > c6 két tia trang Bue 2: Loc lay ket tia & ting binh r8i lim thi nghiém Két tia Khéngtan | Kéttia | Khong HCL tan, c6 tanco | tan khi (3) khi (3) Skéttia tan, cékhi | > kéttiakhéngtan | — mot phankéttia tan, 06 khi Phuong trinh hod hac cita cdc phan ting: (1) BaCl: + K:C0; > BaCOs } + 2KCL (2) BaCOs + 2HC! + BaCl, + CO2T + HO (3) BaCh: + KxS04 > BaSOs $+ 2KCI Dap an A BALTAP MAU waco ban Cau 1. Cation M% cé cfu hinh electron & lép ngoai cing 1a 2s*2p*. Vj tri cia M ‘trong bang tuan hoan la ‘A.chu Ki 3, nhém IIIA, B, Chu Id Il, nhom VIIA, Chu kd 2, nhém VA. D, Chu ki 3, nh6m VIII. Hwéng din giat Cu hinh electron ciia M [a 1s*2s*2ps3st3p', > M thuge chu ki 3, nhém ILA, > Dap anD Cau 2, Nhém khéng tac dung v6i chat nao sau day? A. Nuwée. B, Oxi. €.0zon D, Dung dich H2S0s dac, nguéi. Hwéng dan gia Al bj thy dong héa trong H»S0s dc ngudi nén khng tic dung véi H:S0, dic ngudi (SGK 42 co ban - trang 122). > Dap anD LE DANG KHUONG - NGUYEN XUAN TRUONG 307CHUONG 7: KIM LOAI KIEM - KIM LOAI KIEM TH - NHOM Cau 3. Hn hop X gom Fes04 va Alc6 ti1¢ mol teong ting la 1: 3. Thuc hién phan tmg nhiét nhém X (khéng cé khdng khi) dén khi phan tng xay ra hoan toan thu duge han hgp gom A. Al, Fe, Fes04 va AlaO3. B. AlzO3, Fe va Fe304. C.Al03 va Fe, D. Al, Fe va AlzOs, Hw6ng din giai Phwong trinh héa hoc: 8Al + 3Fe304 “> 44103 + 9Fe Baa Tac: Sau phan tng thu durgc Al, Fe va AlzOs > Dip anD Cau 4. nhiét 6 thu’ng, nhém phan ting voi dung dich nao sau day? A. Mg(NOs). B.Ca(NOs)2. C.KNOs, D.Cu(NO3}2. Hwéng dan giai Do Alcé tinh khtr manh hon Cu nén Al phan ting durgc véi dung dich Cu(NOs)2 2A1 + 3Cu(NOs}2 > 2AI(NOs)s + 3Cu + > Dap AnD Cau 5. Criolit NasAlFs dugc thém vao trong qué trinh dién phan AlzO3 néng chay 4é san xudt nhom vilf do: (1) Lam gidm nhiét 46 néng chay cia Alz0s, cho phép dién phan & nhiét d6 thap hon dé tiét kigm nang lwong. (2) Lam ting a9 dn dién cita Al203 néng chay. (3) Tao mot lop ngan cach ndi 1én trén bao v6 nhOm néng chay khéng bi oxi hod. (4) Tao ra hén hop nang hon nhom bao vé nhom néng chay khdng bj oxi hoa béi khong khi. Phat bigu duing 18 A(1,(2). B.(1), (2), (4). €. (2), (3), (4). D. (1), (2), (3). Huéng dan gidi Criolit (NasAlF.) durge thém vao véi AlzOs vi + Gitip 1am giam nbiét a6 néng chay cia Al,05 tir 20S0°C xudng 900°C, «* Gitip tiét kiém nang hong, tao chat lng cé tinh dn dién cao hon Alz0s. # Chat 1éng nay nhe hon néilén trén bao vé Al néng chay sinh ra khong bj oxihda, Céc Ii do diing la (1), (2) va (3). > Dap an D Van dung Cau 6. Nhimg vat bing nhém hang ngiy tiép xtc voi née dii & nhigt 49 cao cing khong phan tg vi nuéc vi b8 mat cita vat c6 mot ep mang ‘A. Al2Os rét méng, bén chéc khdng cho nude va kh{ tham qua. B. AI(OH): khdng tan trong nc da ngin can khdng cho Al tiép xtic véi nuréc va Khi. C.AlL0; va Al(OH); bao vé nhém, D. Al tinh thé da bj thy dong véi khi'va nuée. 308 LE DANG KHUONG - NGUYEN XUAN TRUONGCHUONG 7: KIM LOAI KIEM - KIM LOAI KIEM THO - NHOM Huéng dan giat Nhém bén trong khong khi & nhigt a6 thuong do cé mang oxit AlsOs rat mong va ben bao vé (SGK 12 co ban - trang 121). = Dap an A Cau 7. Cho cac phat biéu sau (a) Nhém 1a kim loai nhe, dn dién, dan nhiét tét. (b) Nguyén ligu dé sn xudt nhém la quang boxit. (6) $6 oxi héa cia nhém 1a +3. (a) Nhom phan ting voi dung dich HNOs dc, ngudi c6 thé gidi phéng khi. $6 phat biéu ding la AA B.2, G4, D.3, Hw6ng dan gidi (a) ding (SGK 12 co ban - trang 120). (b) ding (SGK 12 co ban - trang 124). (©) ding vi cdu hinh electron ciia nhém 1d 1322s?2p%3s?3p", + Nhém dé nhwéng 3 electron héa tri nén c6 sé oxi hod +3 trong cdc hop chat, (d) sai vi nm bj thy déng trong HNOs dc, ngugi nén khéng phan ting voi HNOs diac, ngudi. C6 3 phat biéu ding. = Dap an D Cu 8. Cho cdc phan ting: (a) 8Al + 3Fes0, “+ 9Fe + 4403 (b) 2Al + 3Cu0 —"> 3Cu+AL0; (6) 2AL + 3FeCh,-> 3Fe ! + 2AICls (a) 4a1+3¢ > Alcs Phan ing nhiét nhom la A.(a). B. (a), (b). €. (a), (b), (4). D. (a), (b), (6), @. Hwéng dan giai Phan dmg nhiét nhém 1a nhém khiy ion kim loai trong oxit (SGK 12 co’ ban ~ trang 122) Phan ting (a) va (b) 1a phan tng nhiét nhom. > Dap anB Cau 9. BE thu duge két tia AI(OH)s ngwéi ta dig cch nao sau day? A.Cho tirtiy dén du dung dich NaOH vao dung dich AIC. B. Suc tit tir dén dur khf CO2 vao dung dich NaAlOz, C.Cho tir ti dn dw dung dich HzS04 vao dung dich NaAlQ2. D. Cho tix tir dén du dung dich NHs vao dung dich NaAlO2, Huéng dan giai Asai vi: 3NaOH + AICls ~ AI(OH)s 4 + 3NaCl Khi NaOH du: NaOH + AI(OH); 1 + NaAlO2 + 2H20 —~ Khong thu duge két tiia AI(OH)s B ding vi: CO + H20 + NaAlO2—» AI(OH)s 4 + NaHCOs Khi COz du: Al(OH); + COz > khGng phan tng. > Thu duge két tia AOH); C sal vi: HzS0, + 2H20 + 2NaAlO2 ~ NazSO4 + 2AI(OH)s | LE DANG KHUONG - NGUYEN XUAN TRUONG 309CHUONG 7: KIM LOAI KIEM - KIM LOAL KIEM THO - NHOM Khi HSOy du: 31250, + 2AI(OH)s > Ala(S04)3 + 6H20 — Khong thu duoc két tia AI(OH)s D sai vi NH; + NaAl0, — khong phan éng ~~ Khong thu duge két ta AI(OH)>, > Dap anB Cau 10. Tai sao migng Al (da cao sach mang bao vé Al2Os) khit Hz0 rat cham va khé, nhung lai khir HzO dé dang trong dung dich ki&m manh? A. ViAl c6 tinh khiy kém hon kim loai kiém, kim thé, B. ViAl téc dung véi dung dich kigm, €. Vi Al phan img tgo ra l6p mang AI(OH)s, lép mang nay khong tan trong nuéc ma tan trong dung dich kim manh. D. Vi Alla kim logi cé hidroxit wong tinh. Hwéng din giai Khi da cao sach l6p mang oxit thi nhém tiép mtic v6i nux6c va xay ra phan tg héa hoc: 2Al + 6H20 > 2Al(OH)34 + 3H2t > Xudt hign két ta Al(OH); khOng tan trong muéc nhung lai tan trong kim manh. AI(OH)s L + NaOH ~ NaAlO2 + 2H20 ~ Altan chém trong mréc nhung tan nhanh trong dung dich kiém. 2Al + 2NaOH + 2H20 > 2NaAlO: + 3H: T > Bap anc BAI TAP TW LUYEN Cau 1. Nhém Khéng tan trong dung dich nao sau day? AHL B. H:804. CNHs, D, NaHSOy. Cau 2, Chat khdng c6 tinh hong tinh 1a A. NaHCOs. BAlC. * ALO; D. AIOH)s. Cau 3. Chat nao sau day duxge goi 8 phén chua, diing dé lam trong nuéc? A. K2S04, Alo(SO,)3.24H20, B. Na2SO4, Ala(SO,)3.24H20. C. (NH4)2804. Alo(S04)}3.24H20. D. LizSOs, Alo(SO4)s.24H20, ‘Cau 4. Cac dung dich nao sau day déu tac dung véi Al203? A. Na2SOs, HNO. B. HNOs, KNO:, CHCl, Naok. D, Nacl, NaOH, Cu 5. AI(OH); khéng tan trong dung dich ndo sau day? A. KHSO.. B.H,SO,. C, Ca(OH). D.NH3. Cau 6. Cho Al nguyén chat vao dung dich NaOH thi nhém bj oxi hod dén hét, Phat biéu n30 sau day ding? A. NaOH Ia chat oxi hoa. B. H20 1a chat oxi hoa. C. ALIA chat bi kha D. H20 18 mai truvdng. Cau 7. C6 céc dung dich AICls, NaCl, MgCle, HSO,. Chi ding thém thuéc thir ndo sau day dé nha biét cc dung djch &6? A. Dung dich NaOH. B. Dung dich AgNOs. C. Dung dich BaCl.. D. Dung dich quy tim, 310 LE DANG KHUONG - NGUYEN XUAN TRUONGCHUONG 7: KIM LOAI KIEM - KIM LOAI KIEM THO - NHOM Cau 8. Cho chudi phan in ely Aly: 22> AI(OH): SR Ca(Alozj2 “G4 > AL(OH)s Chuyén hod nao khOng thé thc hién duoc? (1). B(2). C3). D.(1) va (3). Cau 9.Phyc hién hai thi nghiém sau day: ‘TN4: Nhé tl tir dén dur dung djch NaOH vao dung dich chita a mol AICls. ‘TN2: Nhé tir tir dén du dung dich HCl vao dung dich chtra a mol NaAi9z. Nhan xét nao sau day sai? ‘A. Hai thi nghigm nay c6 hign tong kde nhau. B.Thi nghiém (1) va (2) ching minh Al(OH). lnéng tinh. C.Luong két tia cue dai 6 hai thi nghiém nhu nhau. D. Két thiic hai thi nghiém thu durgc hai dung dich trong suét. an 10. Khi hda tan mot vat bang nhém dé ngoai khéng ki vao dung dich NaGH thi phan ting dau tign sé xay ra la? A.2Al + 6420 > 2AI(OH)s 1 + 3H2T B.2AM2NaOH + 2420 > 2NaAlG2 +3H2t ©.AlOs + 2NaOH > 2NaAl02 + H20 D. AI(OH)3 + NaOH + NealO2 + 24:0 bap AN i 2 3 4 5 6 79] i € B a c D B ate HUGNGDAN GAT cut. Phuong trinh héa hgc cia cde phan tng: 2AL+ GHC > 2AlCls + 3H2t 2Al + 3H,S04— Al:(SO,)3 + 3H27 2Al + 6NaHSO, ~ Ala(SO4)2 + 3Na2SO« + 3H2 t Al + NH3 > khong phan ting. + Bap an € Ga, Asai vi NaHCOs Ia chat lung tinh: NaHCO; + NaOH > NazCO; + H20 NaHiCO3 + HCl > NaCl + H20 + CO: t Bdiing vi AICIs khGng phai chat long tinh: AlCl: + 3NaQH — 3NaCl + AI(OH)s 1 AICI + HCl khong xdy ra. sai vi Al2Os 1a onit lung tinh: 2Na0H + AlO3 + 2NaAl02 + H20 GHCI + AiO, 2AICls +3120 LB DANG KHUONG - NGUYEN XUAN TRUONG 3ilCHUONG 7: KIM LOAI KIEM - KIM LOAI KIEM THO - NHOM Desai vi Al(OH): a hidroxit luong tinh: NaOH + AI(OH)s 1 > NaAl0z ean) + 2H20 3HCI + ACOH); 4 > AlCis + 3H20 > Dap 4nB cau3. Cong thite cia phén chua l&: KeS0x.Ale(S04)3.241120 (SGK 12 co ban - trang 128). > Dapana cau 4. Cac chat hda tan dug Alz0s la: NaOH, HCI, HNOs Phuong trinh héa hoe cita cdc phan tng: GHNOs + AleO3 + 2Al(NO;)s + 3H20 GHCI + AlOs > 2AlCIs + 3H,0 2NaOH + Al; > 2NaAl02 + He = Dap anc caus. Phuong trinh héa hoc: 6KHSO, + 2AI(OH)s + 3K,S04 + Al(S0.}3 + 6H20 3H2SO4 + 2AI(OH); — Al,(S0,)2 + 6H20 Ca(OH)z + 2AI(OH)s — Ca(AlO2)2 + 44120 NHg + AI(OH)s > khong xay ra, > Dap anD cau 6, Phuong trinh héa hoc cita cic phan tmg: ow 2 ° 2NaOH + 2Al + 2H, 0 ~> 2NaAlO, +3H, T ~ Al & chat hit, HzO 1a chit oxi héa, NaOH 1a chét a€ hoa tan lép oxit Als; bén va ‘két tila Al(OH); sinh ra. > Dap 4nB cau 7. Thuéc thir AICh, Nach MgCl, H2SO« NaOH | Kéttila, kéttia | Khonghien tong | Kéttia | Khong hién wrong tan. Mg(OH)2 Khéng hién trong Két tua tan. Phuong trinh héa hoe: AlCls + 3NaOH ~ 3NaCl + AI(OH)s 4 Al(OH): + NaOH + NaAl02 + 2H20 MgCl; + 2NaOH > 2NaCl + Mg(OH): L HaSO¢ + 2NaOH - NaxSO«+ 2H20 H2SO, + Mg(OH)2 -» MgSO, + 2H20 > Dap ana 312 LE DANG KHUONG - NGUYEN XUAN TRUONGCHUONG 7: KIM LOAI KiEM - KiM LOAT KEM THG - NHOM caus. Phuong trinh héa hoc ctia cde phan ting: (1) AliCs + 12120 + 4A1(0H)3 + 3CH«T (2) 2Al(OH)s + Ca(OH}2 > Ca(AlO:)2 + 4420 (3) Ca(Al02}2 + 2HCI + 2420 > CaCl + 2Al(OH): + AN(OH)s + 3HCI au) > AICls + 3420 — ChuyGn héa kh6ng thyc hién durge la: (3) ~ Dap an€ cau 9. Thinghiém 1; 3NaOH + AlCl; > ACOH). + 3NaCl a> a NaOH + AI(OH); + NaAlO, + 2:10 acioa — Hin tong tao két tia lon nhat (a mol Ai(OH);), sau 46 két tia tan, — Dung dich thu duge trong suét gom NaOH du va NaAlO2, ‘Thinghiém 2: HC]+NaAlO2 + 1,0 NaCl + AI(OH)s a e a BHCI + AI(OH):~ AlCl + 3420 > Hien tugng tao két tia lon nhat (a mol Al(OH),), sau dé két tia tan. — Dung dich thu duge trong sudt gdm HCl dw va AlCl. — Nhan xét sai la hai thi nghiém cé hién tong khac nhau. > Dap 4nA cau 10. MG vat bang Al a8 ngoai khéng khi cé lop mang oxit bn bdo vé nhom. ~ NaOH sé hda tan lop mang oxit. Phuong trinh héahgc: ‘AlzO3 + 2NaOH — 2NaAl02 + H20 > Dap anc £m 1am bai kiém tra nbé dui day dé cing cé kKién thirc nheé! BAI KIEM TRA Cau 1, Thanh phan chinh cia quang boxit 1a A. Al03. B. Fe03.H20, C. Fe203. D, AlO3.2H20. Cau 2, Cho cdc chat: Al, Alz03, Cu, Fe chat c6 kha nang téc dung véi dung dich HCI va tac dung véi dung dich NaOH du tgo ra Kkht la AAl. B.AlLOs. cu D.Fe. Cau 3. Bot nhém ty béc chay khi tiép xtc voi Aoxi. B.clo. C.lwu huynh. D, hoi nuée. Cau 4, Ung dung nao sau day khong phai cia nh6m? A, Dang trang tri ngi that. B, Ding san xuat hop kim nhe, ben. LE DANG KHUONG - NGUYEN XUAN TRUONG 313CHUONG 7: KIM LOAI KIEM - KIM LOAI KIEM THG - NHOM C. Diing lam day cap din dign. D. Lam binh chuyén chér dung dich HzS0s loang. Cau S, Logi chat nao sau day khong chita nhém oxit? A. Quing boxit. B. Da saphia. ©. Dé rubi. D. Phén chua, Cau 6. Hign twgng nao xy ra khi cho tir tiy dn due dung dich HCI vao dung dich NaAlO2? A. Khong cé hién tong gi xay ra. B. Ban dau co két tua dang keo, sau dé két tia tan, C, Ban dau c6 két tia dang keo, lugng két tia ting dn dén cc dal, sau @6 két tia tan din. D. C6 két tiia dang keo, két tia khong tan, Cau 7. Cho Al 82 Hp 285 Al 25> Ala —2% > ALO; 5 AI(NOs)p 1282 5 Ala(SO4)3. C6 bao nhiéu phan ting cé thé thyc hién durge ? AA, B.S. C3. D6. Cau 8 Thuéc thi ding 48 nhan biét 4 oxit: Na2O, AlzOs, Fez0s, MgO la A. 120, dung dich NaOH, dung dich HCI. B. H0, dung dich HCl, dung djch HCI, dung dich NazCOs, D. dung dich NaOH, dung deh HCI, dung Cau 9. Thire hién nhing thi nghiém sau day: (2) Nhé tir tty dén du dung dich NaOH vao dung dich Ca(HC0.)2. (2) Nhé tiv tiy dén du dung dich AlCl; vao dung dich NaOH. (3) Nhé tir tte dén dur dung dich NH3 vao dung dich AICL. (4) Nh6 tix tir dén du dung dich HCI vao dung dich NazCOs. (5) Suc tir tir dén du khf CO; vao dung dich NaAlO2. (6) Cho tir tix dén dur dung dich NHs vio dung dich Zn(NO3)2. ‘Thi nghiém nao thu duge két tia sau phan tig? A. (1), (3), (5). B. (3), (5), (6). C. (2), (4), (6). D. (1), (4), (6). Cau 10. Cho day phan ng: X —> AICls —> Y—25 2 > x 8", XY, 7, Blin iugtla NazCOs, A. Al, Al(OH)s, Al2O3, NaAlO2. B. AI(OH);, Al, Alaa, NaAlO2, C.Al, Al20s, Al(OH):, NaAl0z. D. Al, AkOs, NaAl0z, Al(OH). DAP AN z z 3 4 3 6 7 8 9 10 D a B D D C A B A A HUONG DAN GIAI cau. ‘Thanh phan chinh cia quang boxit 18 Al,O3.2H20 (SGK 12 co bain - trang 124). = bap inD 314 LE DANG KHUONG - NGUYEN XUAN TRUONG.CHUONG 7: KIM LOAL KIEM - KiM LOA KIEM THO -NHOM cau 2. 2Al+ 2NaOH + 2H20 + 2NaAl02 + 3H27 2Al+ 6HCL— 2ANChs + 3HeT > Dap anA cau 3. ‘Al tw b6c chay khi tigp xtic véi Cle (SGK 12 corban - trang 121). Bap an B Cau 4. Ung dung ciia Al (SGK 12 co ban « Diing 48 trang tri ndi that © Diing dé san xudt hop kim nhe va ben. # Diing dé lam day cap dién. > A,B,C ding, Dsai vi Al tan duge trong H$04 loang: 2Al + 3H2S0s > Ala(SOs)s + 3H T ~» Khong ding binh nhém 4é chuyén ché H2S0s loang. = Dap 4nD trang 123): cau Nhom oxit 6 trong quang boxit, da saphia va da rubi (SGK 12 néng cao - trang 177). = Dap nD cau 6. Phwong trinh héa hoc clia phan mg: HCI + H,0 + NaAl0, + NaCl + Al(OH): + HClay + AI(OH) > ANCL + 3420 > Hign twong [a ban du xudt hign két tila tréng keo, sau dé HCI du thi két tia tan, > Dap an€ cau7. Phuong trinh héa hoc cita phan tng: 2Al+ GHC! 2AIC + 3H T Hp + ALOs ——>khéng phan eng 2Al+3S —"> AbSs 2ALS3 + 902 —"-> 2Al203 + 65027 AlzO3 + 6HNO3 —*~> 2Al(NOs)3 + 3H20 AI(NOs)s + NazSO4 > kh6ng phan img ~ $6 phan ting thyc hign durgc la 4. > bap ana caus. Thudc thir NaO ‘ALO; Fe.02 MgO 10) Tan— NaOH | Khéngtan Khong tan Khéng tan NaOH Tan, Khong tan Khong tan HCL Tan Tan Cho NaOlf vio dung dich thu duoc Két tia nau a6 Két tia trang LE DANG KHUONG - NGUYEN XUAN TRUONG 315CHUONG 7: KIM LOAL KIEM - KIM LOAI KIEM THO - NHOM NaxO + H20 + 2NaOH AlzO3 + 2NaOH -> 2NaAlO; +20 Fe.03 + 6HCI—> 2FeCls + 3H20 MgO + 2HCI + MgClz + H20 FeCls + 3NaOH > Fe(OH)s 1+ 3NaCl MgCh: + 2NaOH > Mg(OHJ2 4 + 2NaCl > Dap an B cau 9. ‘Thi nghiém thu duoc két tia la: (1), (3) va (5). (4) 2NaOH + Ca(HC03)2 > CaCO; 4 + NaxCOs + 220 (3) 3NHs + 3H20 + AICI; + AI(OH)s 4. + 3NH«CI (5) CO2 + HO + NaAlO2 + NaHCO3 + Al(OH); L Dap dna Cau 10, Phuong trinh héa hgc cia cfc phan tmg: Al+Ck "> AIC x AlCl, +3NaOH —> AI(OH)s 4 +3NaCl y 2Al(OH)s “+ ALO; + 3H20 Y z 2AL03; => 4Al+ 3021 2Al + 2NaOH + 2H20 ——> 2NaAlO2 + 3H T E ~ Gc cht x, ¥, Z, E tuong ting la: Al, AI(OH)s, AlOs, NaAlO2, > Dap ana ‘Chitc ming em da hoan thanh t6t bai tap tw luyén kim loai Dwéi day 1a bai kiém tra téng hyp 46 em cing cé lai kién thitc nhét BAI KIEM TRA TONG HOP Cau 1. Nhom cdc nguyén t6 déu tac dung duge véi maéc tao dung djch kim 1a A. Na, K, Mg, Ca. B.K, Ba, Ca, Na. CAL, Na, K, Ba. D. Zn, Mg, Ba, Ca. Cau 2. Khi néi vé kim loai kiém, phat biéu nao sau day la sai? A. Cac kim loai kiém cé mau trang bac va cé anh kim. B.Trong ty nhién, cdc kim loai kiém chi ton tai 6 dang hop chat. C.Tir Li dén Cs kha nang phan eng voi nwéc gidm dan. D. Kim loai kiém cé nhiét d6 néng chay va nhiét d6 s6i thép. Cau 3, Trong cde day chat duéi day, day nao gdm cdc chat tac dung véi Ca(HCOs)2? A. HCl, BaCO3, KOH. B. HNOs, CaCh, NaOH. C.HNOs, Na2COz, Ba(OH)2. D, HCL, Cu(NOs)z, Mg(OH):. 316 LE ANG KHUONG - NGUYEN XUAN TRUONG,CHUONG 7: KIM LOAI KIEM - KIM LOALKIE} {THO - NHOM ‘Cau 4, Cho cdc hop chat hay quang sau: criolit, 4&t sét, mica, boxit, phén chua. $6 truéng hop chita hop chat cia nhém a AS. B.2. C3. D4. Cau 5. Phat bigu nao sau day la ding? A.Trong hop chat, tat ca cdc kim loai kigm déu cé sé oxi héa +1. B, Tat c& céc kim loai nhém JIA déu co mang tinh thé lap phong tim khéi, €.Trong nhém I1A, tat cd cdc hidroxit cha kim loai déu dé tan trong nude, D.Trong nh6m TA, tinh Khié ciia cdc kim loai giam dan tir Li dén Cs. Cau 6. Cho so a8 phan tng: NaCl (X) + NaHCO» > (Y) ~ NaNOs.X va Ya A. NaOH va Naclo. B, NaxCOs va NaClo. C.NaClO3 va NaxCOs. D. NaOH va NazCO>. Cau 7. Cho hn hop gdm Al, Mg, Al(OH), Ala0s, MgO vo dung djch KOH du, sau khi phan wing x4y ra hoan toan thu dwoc cht ran X.X gdm A.Mgva MgO. B.Al:0s, Alva AI(OH)s. C.Al, Mg. D. Al(OH}s, AlOs va MgO. ‘Cau 8. Nhfn xét nao sau day khOng ding vé kim loai kim? A. Kim loai kim 6 tinh Khir rét man, B. Nuéc chéra nhigu ion Na", K* lanuée cing. C. Kim loai kim khir nuéc dé ding & nhiét a thuong gai phOng khf He. D. Cu hinh electron lép ngoai cing cia kim loai kiém 1a ns*. Cau 9, BS nh4n biét céc chat rn riéng biét: AlsO2, Mg, Al ding hod chat nao sau day? A. Dung dich H2S04 dc, ngudi. B. Dung dich NaOH. C. Dung dich HCl. D. Dung dich NazCOs. Cau 10. Day gdm cdc chat vita phan tng voi dung dich HCl, vira phan wing véi dung dich NaOH 1a A. NaHCOs, MgO, Ca(HC03)>. B. NaHCO;, Zn0, Mg(OH)2. C.NaHCOs, Ca(HCOs)2, AI(OH)s D. Mg(OH):, AlOs, Ca(HC03)2. Cau 14. Nh6 tiv tir dung djch NaOH vao dung djch X thay dung dich vén duc. Nhé tip dung dich NaOH vio théy dung dich trong tré lai, Sau d6 nhd tir tir dung dich HCl vao thay dung, dich van duc, nhé tigp dung dich HCl thay tré nén trong suét. Dung dich X18 A.NaAlO2, B. Alx(S04)3. ©. (NHa)zS0s. D, Fex(S0s}s. ‘CAu 12. Dung dich chita mudi X kh6ng lam d6i mau quy tim, dung dich chira mudi ¥ lam quy tim héa xanh. Tron hai dung dich trén voi nhau tao két tila. Vay X va Y c6 thé la cap chat nao trong céc cap chat dur6i day? A. NaSOs va BaCh. B. Ba(NO3)2 va NazCOs. C.KNOs va NaxCOs. D. Ba(NOs}z va K2S0s. Cau 43. Diu ndo dudi day vé nuéc cing lA ding? A, Nuc cing tam thoi i nude chita mudi hidrocacbonat ciia canxi va magie. B, Nu6c chita it hoe khéng chira ion Ca** va Mg* la nec cing, C. Nude cing vinh ciru 1a nuée chita tinh cimg tam théi va tinh toan phn. D. Nuéc cimg toan phn la nuéc chtra mudi sunfat va clorua ctia canxi va magie. LE BANG KHUONG - NGUYEN XUAN TRUONG 317CHUONG 7: KIM LOALKIEM - KIM LOAL KIEM THO - NHOM ‘Cau 14. Phat biéu nao sau day sai? A. Tir Be dén Ba, tinh Khir cita cdc kim Joai ting dan, B. Hop kim cia K ~ Na diing lam chat trao di nhiét trong 1d phan ting hat nhan, .Theo chigu tang dan dign tich hat nhan, cdc kimn loai kiém cé bén kinh nguyén ti ting dn, D. Cac kim loai kiém thé déu tac dung voi nuée 6 diéu kién thudng, Cau 15, Cho so dé phan tg: NaHCOs + X > NazCO3 + K:CO; + H20 Xc6 thé la chat nao sau day? A.KHCOs. B. K2COs. C.KHSOs. D.KOH. Cau 16.H6n hop X chira Na2O, NHsCl, NaHCO; va BaCl c6 sé mol méi chét bang nhau, Cho hén hgp X vo nuéc (dur) dun néng, dung dich chita: A.NaCl, NaOH. B.NaCl. C.NaCl, NaHCOs, NHAC, BaCle. D.NaCl, NaOH, BaCl. Cau 17.Nhan xét nao sau day ding? A.Nh6m khéng tac dung véi nuéc do nhém Ia kim loai cé tinh kh yéu. B. Trong phan ting cia nhém véi dung dich NaOH thi NaOH déng vai trd chit oxi hoa, , hom cé tinh khit manh nén luén tac dung véi cde dung dich HCI, H2S0«, HNOs trong moi diéu kién, D. Cac vat dung bang nhém khdng bj oxi héa va khéng tan trong nwéc do co 6p mang oxit bin bao vé. Cau 18, Cho céc phat biéu sau: (1) Cac kim loai kim déu téc dung voi nwéc & nbiét 46 thudng, (2) Cac kim loai Na, Mg va Al duge diéu ché bang phuong phap dién phan néng chay. (3) Kim togi K, Mg khtr duoc ion Ag* trong dung dich thanh kim loi Ag. (4) Khi cho Mg vao dung dich FeCls dur thu duoc kim loai Fe. S6 phat biéu ding la AB. BA. C1 D.2. Caw 19.X, Y, Z1a céc hop chat vé co’cita mt kim logi, khi d6t néng 6 nhiét 46 cao cho ngon ltva mau vang. X tac dung vi Y thanh Z. Nhiét phan Y thu dugc Z, hoi nuéc va kh{ E, Biét E lahop chat ciia cacbonic, E tac dung véi X cho Y hoe Z. X, Y,Z, E Fan lot la nhimng chat nao sau day? A.NaOH, NazCOz, NaHCO, CO2. B, NaOH, NaHCOs,NazCOz, CO2. C.NaOH, Na2COs, COz, NaHCOs. D.NaOH, NacCO3, COz, NaHCOs. Cau 20. Chi ding 1 kim loai hay phan biét cdc dung dich mudi sau: NaCl, NH,Cl, CuCl (NH4)2COs, AICI. A.Ba. B.Na, cK D.Mg. DAP AN 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 B c c A A D A B B c a1 {12 | 13 | aa Tas | ie | a7 | a8 | 19 | 20 B B A D D B D D B A 318 LE BANG KHUONG - NGUYEN XUAN TRUONGCHUNG 7: KIM LOAT KIEM - KIM LOAI KIEM THO - NHOM HUONG DAN GIAL cau. + K, Na, Ba, Cala ning kim loat kiém, kiém thé + Tac dung voi H20 tao dung dich ki8m, 2M + 2nH,0 > 2M(OH)n + nla T 4 Mg tac dung cham véi nuéc tao Mg(OH)s it tan: Mg + 2H,0 > Mg(OH)2 4 + Hz > Al, Zn khng phan tng voi nude. > Dap an B cau 2, A ding (SGK 12 co ban - trang 106). B dking vi do cc kim loai kim c6 tinh khir manh nén dé bj oxi héa thanh ion duong Chi thn tai & dang hop chat. C sai vi tir Lit6i Cs tinh khé tng > Kha ning phan tng v6i H20 tang dan. D duing vi (SGK 12 nang cao ~ trang 150). > Dap an cau3. Ca(HCOs}2 & mot chat luéng tinh, phan ting durgc véi céc chat: HINOs, NaxCOs, Ba(OH):. Phuong trinh héa hoc cia phan ting: 2HNOs + Ca(HCOs)2 > Ca(NOs)2 * 2002 7 +2H20 NaxCO3 + Ca(HCO3)z > CaCOs | + 2NaHCOs Ba(OH)z + Ca(HCO)2 > BaCOs ! + CaCOs | + 2H:0 > Dap an C cau 4: Cong thite ctia criolit 1a NasAlFe. ‘Thanh phan cia dat sét A (Al203.2S102.2H20). Thanh phiin cia mica (K20.AL03). ‘Thanh phan cia quang boxit 1a AlsOs.2H20. Céng thite etia phan chua K,S0s.Ale(SOs)s.24H20. + C6 5 trwdng hop chia hop chat ciia nhém. > Dap an A caus. A dting vi céc kim loai kiém thu nhém IA Gé mét electron héa tri: M> M* + Le = Trong céc hop chat d@u c6 6 oxi héa la +1 B sai vi: Be va Mg cé mang tinh thé luc phuong. Ca va Sr c6 mang tinh thé lap phwrong tam dién. Ba cé mang tinh thé lap phrong tam khdi. + C4c kim loai c6 mang tinh thé khong gidng nhau. C sai vi Be(OH). va Mg(OH)2 la 2 hidroxit khong tan trong nuéc. D sai vi trong nhém 1A, tir Li dén Cs tinh khér cla cac kim loai > Dap ana ng dn. LE DANG KHUONG - NGUYEN XUAN TRUONG 319CHUCONG 7: KIM LOAI KIEM - KIM LOALKIEM THO - NHOM cau 6, XIANaOH, ¥ 18 NaxCOs. Phuong trinh hod hoc ciia céc phan tng: (1) 2NaCl + 2H20 8» 2NaOH + Het + Clot x (2) NaOH + COz —> NaHCO; (3) 2NaHCOs —*-»NasCOs + COat + H20 Y (4) NazCO3 + Ca(NOs)z > 2NaNO; + CaCO; 1 > Dap an D cau 7. Phuong trinh héa hoe: 2Al + 2KOH + 2120» 2KAIO, + 3H T ‘AlzOs + 2KOH > 2KAlO, + 10 AI(OH)s + KOH > KAIO2 + 2H20 > Chat rén thu dirgc gdm MgvaMg0. + Bap an A caus. Adting (SGK 12 co ban - trang 107), Bsai vi nc cfg 18 nurée chita nhiGu cation Ca? va Mg?* (SGK 12 ca-ban - trang 116). C ding vi: 2M + 2H. > 2MOH + Hot D dting (SGK 12 co'ban - trang 106), > Dap anB cau 9. Thude the ‘ALO; Mg Al NaOH Tan Khong tan Tan, c6 Kai thodt ra Phuong trinh héa hoc cita cdc phan ting: (1) 2NaOH + Al.03 > 2NaAlO2 + H20 (2) 2NaOH +2Al + 2H20 > 2NaAlO2 + 3H2 T > Dap anB Cau 10. Day gdm céc chit vita phan img véi dung dich HCl, vita phan tmg voi dung dich NaOH la NalfCOs, Ca(HCOs)2, AI(OH)s vi NaHCOs + HCI NaCl + C021 + H20 NaHCO; + NaOH + NaeCOs + HzO Ca(HCOs)2 + 2HCI > CaCl, + COz T+ 2H20 Ca(HCOs}2 + 2NaOH + CaCO; | + NaxCO; + 2H20 AI(QH)3 + 3HCI = AICIs + 3H20 AI(OH)s + NaOH — NaAl02 + 2H20 > Dap an 320 LE DANG KHUONG - NGUYEN XUAN TRUONG.CHUONG 7: KIM LOAI KIEM - KIM LOAi KIEM THO - NHOM Cau 44, X18 Ale(S04)s v1 6NaOH + Ale(SO4)s > 2AI(OH)2 4 + 3NarSO< NaOH + Al(OH}2— NaAlO, + 2H20 _ NaAlO2 + HCL+ H20 > NaCl + AI(OH)s4 AI(OH)s + 3HCI ~ AICI: + 3H20 = Dap an B Caui2: X va Y 6 thé la cp Ba(NO)2 va NaaCO> vi ¥ Ba(NO;); 1a muéi tzo béi bazo manh Ba(OH)2 va axit manh HNOs nén cé moi truong trung tinh > khong lam 461 mau quy tim. ¥ NazC0s la mu6i tao béi bazo mgnh NaOH va axit yéu H2COs nén ¢6 moi trudng bazo— lam quy tim héaxanh. Phuong trinh héa hgc: Ba(NOs)2 + Na2CO3—> BaCOa 1 + 2NaNOs = Bap 4n B cau 13. A dling (SGK 12 co ban - trang 116). B sai vi nwéc cing 1a nuéc chira nhiéu Ca?* va Mg (SGK 12 co ban ~ trang 116). C sai vi nwéc cting vinh citu 1a nuéc chia mudi sunfat va clorua cia canxi va magie. D sai vi nude cimg toan ph’n Ia nude c6 ca tinh cig tam thoi va tinh cimg vinh cir (SGK 12 co ban - trang 116). > Dap an A Cau 14. A ating (SGK 12 co han - trang 113). B ding vi tmg dung cia hep kim Na va K ding lam chat trao d6i nhidt trong mot sé lo phan tmg hat nhan (SGK 12 co ban - trang 108). C ding D sai vi: Be khong téc dung véi née. Mg tac dung cham véi née 6 digu kign thutng. Ca, Sr, Ba tae dung v6i nw6c 6 dibu kign thong. > Dap AnD Cau 15. Phuong trinh héa hoc: 2NaHCO: + 2KOH > KaC03 + NazCOs + 2H20 = X1a KOH = pap an D Cau 16. Phuong trinh héa hoc cla céc phan tng: NazO + 2H:0 > 2NaOH ac 2a LE DANG KHUONG - NGUYEN XUAN TRUONG 321CHU'ONG 7: KIM LOAL KIEM - KIM LOAIKIEM THO - NHOM NaOH + NaHCOs > NazCOs + H20 a> as a NaOH + NH NH3 T+ H,0 + NaCl astas a NazCO3 + BaClz > BaCOs 4 + 2NaCl aoa > 2a ~~ Dung dich thu durge Ia: NaCl > Dap anB cau 17. Asai vi: Al1A kim loai cé tinh Khik manh nén kik dege nuéc 6 digu kién thurdng, 2Al + 6H20 + 2Al(OH)a | + 3H T Nhung do Al c6 mang oxit AlgOs b&n khéng cho nuéc va khéng khi di qua nén Al khdng téc dung véi nude & itu kign thuéng (SGK 12 co ban - trang 122, 123). Bsai vi NaOH dong vai trd la mot trudng cho phan tmg 2Al + 2NaOH + 20 2Nadlo, +3HT ~ NaOH déng vai trd chat méi trudng, ALIA chat khit, H20 la chat oxi hoa. Csai vi Al bj thu déng héa trong dung dich H.S0, dic, ngudi va dung dich HNO; ac, ngudi (SGK 12 co ban - trang 122), D ding vi AleOs la chit bén khéng cho khéng khi va nuée thém qua ~ Bao vé thanh nhém khéng bj oxi héa. ~ Dap an D cau 18, (1) ding vi kim logi kiém c6 tinh khit manh Khir Khir nuéc 6 digu kién thudng (SGK 12 eo ban - trang 107). (2) ding vi Na, Mg, Al la nhiing kim loai cé tinh khi manh nén duge diéu ché bing phuong php dién phan ndng chay (SGK 12 co ban - trang 97). (3) sai vi khi cho K vao dung djch AgNOs xay ra phan ting 2K + 2H,0 > 2KOH + Het 2KOH + 2AgNOs > Ag,O 1 + H20 + 2KNO3 ~ Khong kh duge Ag’ thanh Ag. (4) sai vi phuong trinh ion ciia phan ing: Mg + 2Fe™ ~> 2Fe2* + Mg? Fev dur + Mg hét + Khéng sink ra Fe ~ S6 phat biéu diing la 2, ~ Dap 4nD Cau 19. X.Y, Z la cic hop chat v6 cor ctia mot kim loai, khi dét néng & nhiét dé cao déu cho ngon lira mau ving ~ La hop chit cia natri, NaOH + NaHCOs —> NazCOs + H20 (e.8) mM @ 322 LE BANG KHUONG - NGUYEN XUAN TRUONGCHUONG 7: KIM LOAI KIEM - KIM LOAi Ki THO - NHOM NaHCO; —“> NaCOs + CO2T + Ho0 Y z © C02 + NaOH —> NaHCOs Y C02 + 2NaOH —> NazCOs + H20 Z = Dap anB Cau 20. Ding Ba dé nhan biét $ dung dich trén vi Nach NEC Cuch, (NH)2CO3 AlCl Go khi that] Cd khi_ mii | Co Khf thoat ra, [C6 khi mui Khai | C6 khf thoat ra, két ra khai thodtra | kéttiaxanh — | thodt ra, két tla | tia trang sau dé két wing tha tan Phuong trinh héa hoc Ba + 2H:0 > Ba(OH): + He? Ba(OH)2 + 2NH,Cl > BaCly + 2NHs Tisai + 2H20 Ba(OH)2 + CuCl; > BaCl + Cu(OH}z Ba(OH)z + (NHs}2CO3 ~ BaCOs being rant + 2NHs Tena + 2H20- 3Ba(OH)2 + 2AICls > 3BaClz + 2AI(OH)s + tring Ba(OH)2 + 2AI(OH)s > Ba(Al02)2 + 4H20 ~ Dap an A LE DANG KHUONG - NGUYEN XUAN TRUONGCHUONG 8: CROM - SAT - DONG CHUNG 8: CROM - SAT - BONG 24,nhom VIB, chuki 4 ¥ La kim loai ning, mau tring bac, cieng mhat trong cfc kim loa Crom: €6 tinh kit mank hon se. ©S6.oxlhéa thing gap: +2, +3, +6. *Téedumgv6i phikim 4Cr + 30, £2 2¢r,0, * BBn vot mute va khong kb, do c6 mang oxit bdo vé + Tae dung vét axit: Cr + H,S0, £2 crs, + Ht (Cha f+ Cr bj thu dag bia axie HNO, va H,SO, 3c, ngudi rom) oxi, CrO CrO ld oxttbaco:Gro + ZHCL +> CrCl, + HO © 4Cr0 +0, + 2010, Cr(OH), + 1,50, + CrS0, + 24,0 ACI(OH), +0, + 24,0 4¢r(0H), Mudi crom(Il) 6 tinh Kit manki: 26rC, +l, -+ 2CrCl, i wet | crom(v) oxit: Cr0, (mau dé thhm). | *Cétinhoxihsa mah. chy kh pe VFS, NH, OH, i 2C10, #2NH,~ C40, +N,» 3H,0 | ACr0,+ GH.OH— 2G, © 20,1 +3140 \ *Oxitaxit:CrO, + HO + H,Cr0, (axiteromic) 2610, + HO > F,CrO, (axitdicromic) ‘Musi croun(¥1) £6 tink ox! hda manh. K.Cr.0, + 6FeSO, + 7H,50, + 3Fe,(50,), + Cr(S0,),* K.S0, + 73,0 Can bang chuyén héa givra musi cromat va mu6i dievomat. 2Cr0} +2 ——=# CHOF +H,0 mau da ears} — —— Crom(iil) oxit: Cr,0, (mau Nuc}, ‘Luding tin tan erong dang dich axit va kim df. CO, + GHC + 2CrCl, + 31,0 r,0, + 2NaOH ~» 2NaCrO, + 1,0 Crom(Iil} hidroxit: Cr(OH), (mau lye xd), Lung tinh: tan trong axit va kiBan. Cr(OH), + 3HCL —~ crcl, + 34,0 Cr{OH), + NaOH — Nacro,+2H,0 Cr: viea 66 tink oxi héa, vita €6 tinh hie, 2CrCl, + An — zErcl, + ZnCl, 2NaCrO, + 3Br, + NAOH —> 2Na,CrO, + 6NaBr+ 44,0 ‘Trang thai ty nhion, aféu che [Crom tin tal dang hop chit, hop chit ph bigs nhat cua crom la quang cromit Fe0.Cr,0,, 324 LE DANG KHUONG - NGUYEN XUAN TRUONG= DONG + SAT CHUONG 8: CROM ee ee OfH9 + Cosyag «os'he + (uo}eaz OFHE + D9az < [oH9 +'0'ed O'Nz +054 —"os'H + (Hola OH 98 ~ DHE + 0% ‘oxeq yup 99 apoupry (u)2gS "AD $09 +04 5-09 + 084 2894 Ro HULL, ofKa +’osune + “os'y +"CosYaus ~ ‘os'Ha + oun ‘pa "™" {Ho}ery + oH 0+ apy yup e] Suan sep yun ‘(n)aes wey dow oe ‘ONO +2 POND ead UND 2RL @ “Bue8 Buon ~uyy'6 459 94 f807 aA URS 9p UAH CN 19 HS % 2-109) 919K BND UD} oH eT dou. OSH gH EDA BUND ORL 4 gs yu Zunb Buon ps peo mupt pr URS 2p Ups {CS UH IS %5-2 9) 9 YR WHO wo eT Suey ape yoa ump 994, rapes mp Sug ‘on goagsaeup dy a Bu ea vonduzyp a0 Su0u)- gag emp ws ytd Bue “opeg 2nu2 appx Buen, Hoag “DE + 2 ty ‘Hw'o'aa eanp nem apeMay Buen ‘uemp fo'ea epup 9p yewoy Buen SR ee “ / dom Suép ea pea warn yuREL ON IOKU MED "UID URD Tay ia age eo? 9 ney aga aps “wang dy Suody,- “P99 “wer (oy BOE ry. wo BUELL, FP MW ‘aria wp yi “92 30mm eg 325 LB DANG KHUONG - NGUYEN XUAN TRUONGCHU'ONG 8: CROM - SAT - BONG Of *0s +*0sMO ——M™ostHZ +O OfW2 + fone + Condn ——"" onde + m9, OfWE+ 1 ON2 + CoN)IO€ —™oNHIB + m9 Ofue+ tomoz ~ 0+ HF + NOE Ofne + osnoe —'0 +'ostHe + mz axe 10a Buap 2eL 5 1ilvz +*CONINO + ‘ONBVZ +19, 9 ow ‘ep Buon ng nes Banp Wor wa 59 EY wo MP “6189259 om Yop Hunp 90 Bun 264. tonz—n+n stp —s4nD sai yi von Sup 2g “agu 1grqu ugp ‘upIp ugp “BugU. Typ Ba 1s O9y ap ‘oap ‘op NEW } “p BL NYS “AT Woy "62 95 9 RIA, “(HOI'CHN)RO] — SHINE + “(HO)PD apes s0mu yuu OF) “HN Yoip Bunp Buen wey "(HO)ND O'HZ + *CON)n9 — SONHZ + ‘{Ho)n9 sozeq yun 99 “(HO)ND “osen + t*(Ho)nd + HORNZ +"OSnD -ozeq pip Sanp ea (1)2u9p ign ypip Sunp au ge maT “yuex neu apt agyp ef (H0)n9 ayxeupry (1)2uEq 1700+ —09 + nD 2894 Ho YUN 99 OND OH + {09+ ongz —;—"(HO)RD“0OND 40+ LON +0nDz ——"Condnoz ~(o)9“o9n9 “CONDI, 2(Ho)noagup doy ueudadrun au nAIG “Map meu ‘UBL ZY BI OND “1X0 (11)Bu Suglae4> 299 Buon gnu eo ag0 ep wey aPyd ap wey ’OSND Bug — “auex new O'HS"OSND Bug meus ups agy> e] wens Suep 9 '9sn9 “sn eyuns (11)3u9q -my-no ego umpy doy gL exe 6 Buy tug - ny eno wpy doy e| YUEN BuOg - -{4n%Sz) IN- mo ETO UIE doy g YEG Sug - “(uz%S¥) Wz,- np eNO wit dou BI eM BUQG - Bagp eyo wipy doy 2¢9 LE DANG KHUONG - NGUYEN XUAN TRUONG 326CHUONG 8: CROM - SAT - BONG CROM 5624 aaCrs 15%25?2p636?3p03de4st {hom VIB chu kl 4 @ Tinh chat vat li Y La kim logi ning, ¥ Mau trang bac, rat citng (cing nhat trong céc kim loai), rach dugc thay tinh. © Tinh chat héa hgc ¥ Crom: C6 tinh khé manh hon sat, céc sé oxi héa thurdng gip la +2, +3, +6. * Tac dung véi phi kim ACr + 30. —S8%> 2Cr203 2Cr + 30h —“S2> 2CrChs * Ben véi nuéc va kh6ng khi, do c6 mang oxit bao vé. * Tac dung véiaxit:Cr + 2HCl -“+ CrCl + Hat ¥ Hep chat cita crom Hgp chat Tinh oxi hda-khir Oxit, hidroxit Crom(ii) C6 tinh Khir Cétinh bazor ACr(OH)24 (ring + Oz + 2H20 Cr(OH)2! gang + H2S0s > ACr(OH)s + asexsmy > C180, + 2H20 2CrCle + Che > 2CrCls CrO + 2HCl > CrCl, + H20 Crom(iii) Cé tinh oxi héa Cé tinh Tong tinh 2CrCls + Zn CrCl; + ZnClz ] Cras (mane) + GHC > 2CrCls + 3H20 C6 tinh Khir CroO3 + 2NaOHaje > 2NaCrOz + H20 2NaCrO2 + 3Br2 + 8NaOH Cr(OH)s ¢maatucxiny + HCI > 2NaxCrO, + 6NaBr +4120 > CrC+ 310 Cr(OH)s + NaOH > NaCrO, + 2H,0 Crom(Vi) Cé tinh oxi héa manh Cé tinh axit, 2Cr0s + 2NHs CrO3 + HzO > H,Cr0, (axit cromic) > Cr03+N21+3H20 | 2CrOs + 20 K:Cr07 + 14HCl > HaCr207 (axit dicromic) > 2KC1+ 2CrCh + 7H20 + 3Cle t Ché ¥: Trong méi trdng thich hop, cc mudi cromat va mudi dicromat chuyén héa lan nhau theo mét cn bang. 2crO} + 2H* <= Cr,0F + H,0 {vang) (da cam) LE DANG KHUONG - NGUYEN XUAN TRUONG 327CHUONG 8: CROM - SAT - BONG SAT 656 26 26Fe: 1822822 p*3s23p%3do4s? > {ann VILIB chu kid @ Tinh chat vat ly ¥ Mau tréng hot x4m, c6 tinh nbigm ti. ¥ Dan dién, din nhiét tét. © Trang thai tw nhién Y Trong ty nhién, st ton tai &' trang thai ty do trong c4c manh thién thach va dang hgp chat trong cdc quang. Cac quang chita sit la Quang hematit d6 chia Fe:0; khan, Quang hematit nau chifa Fez0s.nH20. Quang manhetit chira Fes0¢ (quing gidu sat nhat, hiém cé trong ty nhién), Quang xiderit chika FeCOs. Quang pirit sdt chia FeS:. ¥ Trong co thé ngudi va dong vat, hop chit sit c6 trong hdng cau cia mau. © Tinh chat hoa hoc Y St: La kim loai cé tinh kh trung binh * Tac dung v6i phi kim: 3Fe + 202 “> Fes, 2Fe + 3Ch “> 2FeCls * Tac dung véi axit ¥ Téc dung véi axit HCI, HeS04 loang tao thanh muéi sét(). Fe + 2HCI— FeCh + Hat ¥ Tac dung véi axit HNOs va HoSO, dc, néng tgo thanh mudi sét(II1). Fe + 6HNOs (aq "> Fe(NOs)3 + 3NO2 1 + 3H20 2Fe + 6HSO4 (ase) —-> Fex(S03)3 + 3802 T+ 6H20 Clu 9: Fe bi thy dong bai axit HNOs dc, ngudi va H2S0s dic, ngudi * Tac dung voi dung djch mudi: Fe c6 thé Iehir €ugc ion cia cdc kim loat ditng sau Fe trong day dién héa ctia kim loai Fe + CuSO; -—> FeSO, + Cul 328 LE DANG KHUONG - NGUYEN XUAN TRUONGCHUONG 8: CROM - SAT- DONG Hop chat chia sat Hop chat Tinh oxi héa-khir Oxit, hidroxit Sat(i) Tinh khir (dic trung) Bazo Fe(OH); + 02 +2H:0 ~ 4Fe(OH)3 | FeO + 2HCI— FeCl, +H20 2PeCla + Ch > 2FeCls Fe(OH)2 | slsaxann + HzO Timh oxi héa FeSO, + 2H20 FeO + CO —t» Fe + CO? Sat(i) Tinh oxi hoa Bazo’ 2FeCl + Fe + 3FeClz Fe203 + 6HCI— 2FeCh + 3120 2FeChs + Cu 2FeChe + CuCh, 2Fe(OH)s nines + 3H2S0, 2FeCh +2KI > 2FeCh + 2KCl +h L = Fe2(S0,)s + 6H20 © Gang La hop kim clia Fe v6i C (C: 2-5%, Si, Mn, S, ..). Nguyén tac san xudt: Khir oxit sat trong quing thanh sat. © Thép Lahgp kim cia Fe v6i C ( C: 0,04 - 2%, Si, Mn, Cr, Ni... Nguyén tic sin xudt: Loai bé C, Si, , Mn,..trong gang. @ Ung dung Y FeSO, dwgc ding Kim chat diét su bo cé hai cho thue vat, pha ché son, myc va ding trong ki nghé nhugm vai, ¥ FeCla duge ding lam chat xtic tac trong mét sé phan ting hire co. Y Fe:03 durgc ding dé pha ché son chéng gi. Bé ndm ving ton bé phan tng héa hgc cila sat, em hay hoc thudc long so do phan ing dw6i day KMn0, » ay a, a2) Fe*"| fari3d®) a3)" a4) LE BANG KHUONG - NGUYEN XUAN TRUONG 329CHUONG 8: CROM - SAT - BONG (1) Fe+S—“> Fes (2) Fe + 2H*—> Fe* +H, T (3) Fe+1, —Fel, (4) Fe + Cu” —+Fe* + Cul (5) 21 +2Fe* —>2Pe* +1, (6) Fe+ 2Fe* — 3e* (7) Cu + 2Fe* > Cu” +2Fe* (8) Mgua aa + 2Fe* —> 2Fe* + Mg? (9) Alwa a+ 3Fe*—> Al* + 3Fe”* (10) Znviaai + 2Fe** —> 2Fe* + Zn (11) SFe* + MnO; + 8H*—> 5Fe™ + Mn** + 44,0 (12) 2Fe* +. Cl,—> 2Fe™ + 2c (13) 2Fe** + Br, — 2Fe™ + 28 (14) 3Fe* + 4H* + NO; —> 3Fe* + NOT + 2H,0 (15) 2Fe* + 4H + SOP ——> 2Fe* + $0, T + 2H,0 (16) Fe* + Ag*—> Fe* + Ag’ (17) 6Fe* + Cr,0;" + 14H" —> 6Fe* + 2Cr* + 7H,0 (18) 2Fe +3Cl, > 2FeCl, (19) 2Fe + 3Br,—" > 2FeBr, (20) 2Fe+ 6H,S0,, "> Fe,(S0,), + 350, t+ 6H,0 (21) Fe+4H*+NO, Fe +NOT+2H,0 (22) Fe+3Ag’ —+Fe™ +3Ag 1 (23) 2Fe+C1,0}- +148" —s2Fe™ +2Cr™ +7H,0 (24) 5Fe+3Mn0, +24H* >SFe™ +3Mn” +12H,0 (25) Mg+Fe™ —>Mg** + Fel (26) Zn+Fe* —>7n* + Fe) (27) 2Al+3Fe* —>2Al"* +3Fe+ (28) Fech “ Fe + chat 330 LE BANG KHUONG - NGUYEN XUAN TRUONGCHUONG 8: CROM - SAT - DONG DONG 856 29 29Cu: 1s?2s?2p63s?3p$3d194s! > j nhém IB cha kid © Tinh chat vat ly ¥ Mau dé, déo, dé kéo sgi va dat méng. Y Dan dign, dan nhiét tét. @ Tinh chat héa hoc ¥ Bang: La kim logi o6 tinh khit yéu. * Tac dung véi phi kim Cut Cl > CuCh 2Cu +02 "> 2Cu0 (was con) * Tac dung voi axit: 2Cu + 4HCI + 02 > 2CuCh + 2H20 3Cu + 8HNO3 going > 3Cu(NOs)2 + 2NO T + 4H20 Cu + 2H2S04 cage) > CuSO4 + S02 T+ 2H20 * Tac dung voi dung dich muéi: Cu 6 thé khir dugc ion cita céc kim loai ding sau Cu trong day dign héa cia kim loai Cu + 2AgNO;+Cu(NOs)2 +2Agl ¥ Hop chat cita dong © Dangl) oxit, Cu CuO cé tinh oxi héa cud +CO “> Cu+ CO2T CuO + Cu SFE, CuO. © Dong{it) hidroxit, Cu(OH)z: a chat rn mau xanh. Dibu ché tir dung dich mudi ddng(!) va dung dich bazo CuSO, + 2NaOH + Cu(OH)2 4 + NaxSO Cu(OH)2 ¢6 tinh bazar: Cu(OH): + 2HNOs — Cu(NOs}2 + 2H20 Cu(OH)2 tan trong dung dich Ntls tao thanh nuéc Svayde CufOH)2 + 4NHs > [Cu(NHs)s](OH)2 © Ddng(t1) sunfat, CuSO CuSO. khan fi chat ran mau trang. CuSO,5H20 mau xanh, Dag CuSO, khan @é phat hién dau vét cia nwéc trong cac chat long. ® Cac hop kim cia dong ¥ Dong thau Ia hgp kim cia Cu ~ Zn (45% Zn). ¥ bong bach 1a hop kim ciia Cu -Ni (25% Ni). ¥ Dong thanh Ié hop kim cia Cu - Sn. v Vang 9 cara la hop kim cia Cu - Au (2/3 la Cu, 1/3 18 Au). chat ran, mau den. LE DANG KHUONG - NGUYEN XUAN TRUONG 331CHUONG 8: CROM - SAT - DONG BAI TAP LY THUYET CROM VA HOP CHAT BAI TAP MAU Co ban Cau 1: Crom cé dign tich hat nhan Z = 24, cu hinh electron Khéng dang la A. Cr: [Ar]3d54s1, B.Cr: [Ar]3d*4s2, C. Cr+; [Ar]3d*. D. Crs: {Ar]3q2. Hung dan giai Z= 24 Cau hinh electron ciia Cr: [Ar]3d54s1 ~» Cau hinh electron ciia Cr": [Ar]3d*; Cr+: [Ar]3ds. + Dap anB Cau 2: Nhén xét nao sau day khong ding? A. Vat dung lam bang nhém va crom du bén_ ‘trong khong khi va nuéc vi cé mang oxit bdo vé. B. Crom Ja kim loai cig nhat trong tat ca cdc kim loai. C.Nhdm va crom déu bj thy dong héa boi HNO: dic, nguéi, D.Nhém va crom déu phan tng véi dung dich HC! theo cing ti 1é sé mol. Huéng dan giai Addting (SGK 12 nang cao trang 173, trang 189). B dling (SGK 12 nang cao trang 189). C duing (SGK 12 nang cao trang 173, trang 189). Dsai vi Cr+ 2HC] —> Crh + Het 2Al + 6HCL —» 2AlClz + 3H27 ~ Dap 4nD 4u 3: Cho céc phat biéu sau: {@) Crom [a kim loai c6 tinh khir manh hon st. (b) Crom 1a kim logi nén chi tao duge oxit bazo. (c} Crom cé mét sé tinh chat hoa hoc gidng nhém. (@) Trong ty nhién, crom c6 & dang don chat. (e) Phuong phdp san xuat crom 1a dién phan Cr202 néng chay. (8 Kim loai crom o6 thé c&t dugc thuy tinh. (g) Kim loai crom cé céu tao mang tinh thé lap phuong tam khdi. Cc phat biéu ding 1a A. (a), (0), (¢). B. (a), (2, (e). €.(a), (c), (8, (8). D. (a), (0), (8. Hw6ng dan giai (a) ding (SGK 12 co ban - trang 152). (b) sai vi CrO 18 oxit bazo, Cr20s 1a oxit Iwéng tinh, CrO; 1a oxit axit (SGK 12 co ban = trang 153, 154). (©) diing (SGK 12 co ban - trang 152, SGK 12 nang cao - trang 189), (d) sai do trong ty nhién crom khong & dang don chat ma chi cé & dang hop chat (SGK 12 nang cao - trang 190), 332 LE DANG KHUONG - NGUYEN XUAN TRUONGCHONG 8: CROM - SAT - DONG (e) sai vi crom duge diéu ché bang phuong phap nhiét nhom C1203 + 2Al —"-> 2Cr + ALOs (8 Ging vi crom 1a kim loai c6 d6 cieng cao nén duge ding aé cat thiiy tinh. (g) duing (SGK 12 nang cao - trang 188). = Céc phat biéu ding 12 (a), (c), (8), (8) + Dap An ¢ Cau 4: Cho so dé phan ting cr Sx Ae _, y Chat ¥ trong so do trén la A.NazCr07. B.NaCrO2. C.Cr(OH)s. D.Cr(OH)2. Hwéng dan giai ‘Ta cé phwong trinh héa hoc: 2Gr+3C + 2CrCls x CrCls + 4NaOH —> 3NaCl + NaCrOz + 20 Y ~ Dap An B Cau 5: Cho vao éng nghiém mét vai tinh thé K2Cr207, sau dé cho thém tiép khoang 1m nuéc léc déu dé K2Cr20; tan hét thu dugc dung dich X. Thém vai gigt dung dich KOH vao dung dich X, thu durgc dung dich Y. Mau sc cla dung dich X va Y fin lot l& A. mau vang va mau da cam, B, mau vang va mau nau dd. C, mau nau dé va mau vang, D. mau da cam va mau vang. Hwéng dan gidi Tacé can bing: r,0F + H,0 <2 2Cr0F + 2H" (1) Dung dichX Dung dich Y (da cam) (vang) ‘Thém vai gigt KOH vao dung dich X thi ndng a6 H* trong dung dich X gidm. — Can bing (1) dich chuyén sang phai + thu duoc dung dich Y (mau vang). > Dap an D » Van dung Cau 6: Mdt chat bot mau lyc X thyc té khéng tan trong dung dich lodng cha axit va kiém. Khi ndu chay voi KOH va c6 mat khong khi dé chuyén thanh chét ¥ c6 mau vang va dé tan trong nuée, chat ¥ tac dung véi axit tgo thanh chat Z cé mau da cam. Chat Z bi uu huynh kkhér thnh cht X va oxi hod axit clohidric thanh clo. Céng thite phan tt cita céc chat X, Y, Z Lin lugt la C1205, NazCrO4, NaxCr207. B, Cras, KxCrOs, KeCru0>. C.CraOs, NaxCr207, NaaCrO,. D. Cr20s, KxCr20r, KeCrOs. LE DANG KHUONG - NGUYEN XUAN TRUONG 333CHUONG 8: CROM- SAT - DONG Hwéng dan giai Céc phwong trinh héa hoc: 2Cr20s + BKOH + 302 4KxCr0; + 44:0 X (luc) Y (ving) 2CrO} + 2H == Cr.0F + H,0 (vang) (da cam) KiCr07 + 14HCl > 2KCI+ 2CrCls + 3Chet + 7H20 z KiCri07 +S + Cra03 + S04 Zz x ~ Cong thite phan tir cita céc chat X, ¥, Z lan lurgt 18 CrOs, KeCrO4, KeCr207. > Dap énB Cau 7: Cho so a8 phan ting sau: R+ 2HChoing > RCle+ He 2R+3C —> 2RCls R(OH)s + NaOHicang —> NaROz + 2H20 Kim loai RI& ACr. B.Al, CMg. D.Fe. Huéng dan giai R tqo ra 2 mudi la RCh va RC ~ R c6 héa tr] II va lll > Bva Csai, R(OH): téc dung v6i NaOH > D sai, Adiing vir Cr+ 2HCI ioing——> CrClo+ He T 2Cr + 3Ck > 2crCls Cr(OH}s + NaOHiong —> NaCrO2 + 2H20. + Dap ana. ‘Cu 8: Phan ting héa hoc nao sau day viét sai? A.2Cr #3Ch > 2CrCls B.Cr +2HCl — CrCk + Hot C.2Cr + 2NaOH +2420 > 2NaCrO, + 3Hat D.Cr + GHNOs(dac, ngudi) > Cr(NOs)s + 3NO3t +3H,0 334, Hw6ng dan giai D sai vi Cr bj thy déng trong HNO; ic, ngudi nén khong phan ting véi HNOs dc, ngugi (SGK 12 co ban ~ trang 153), > Dap anD LE DANG KHUONG - NGUYEN XUAN TRUONGCHUONG 8: CROM - SAT - DONG * Nang cao Cau 9: Oxit cla nguyén t6 R 6 cdc tinh chat sau : Y Cé tinh oxi hod rat manh, ¥ Tan trong nude tao dung dich axit H2ROs. ¥ Tan trong dung dich bazo tao muéi ROY cé mau vang. Oxitnéu trén la ALSO, B.Cr20s, ©.Cr0s, D. $03 hoc CrOs. Huong dan giat Oxit trén la CrOs Ta cé cdc phuong trinh héa hoc: 2CrO3 + 2NH3 — CreO3 + Nz 1 + 3H20 CrO3 + H20 + HaCrOs CrO3 + 2NaOH > NazCrO4 + H20 ~ Dap an C Cau 10: Cé hign trong gi xy ra khi suc khi S02 t6i dur vao 6ng nghigm cé chita dung dich hin hgp (KzCr207 + H2SO4)? A. Khong cé hién tugng gi. B. C6 két tia mau xanh xudt hign. C. Dung dich chuyén tir mau da cam sang mau xanh. D. Dung dich chuyén tiy mau vang rom sang khéng mau. Huong din giat ‘Ta cb phwong trinh héa hoc Kir, + HeSOe + 3902 > HiO + K2S0q + Cr2(SO4)s dacam khong mau_ khong mau khong mau mau xanh ~ Dung dich chuyén tic mau da cam sang mau xanh, > Dap an BAI TAP TY’ LUYEN Cau 1: Cho biét Cr (Z= 24), Cu hinh electron cia ion Cr3v1a A. 1s¢2st2p53s? 3p!3d14s2. B, 1322s? 2pe3s? 3pe3d3, C.1s?2st2ps3s? 3ps3de4st . D. 15*2s*2p53s? 3ps3d? 42, Cau 2: Ion Cr,02 khong tin tai trong méi truéng nado? ‘A. MOi trudng axit, B. Méi trong trung tinh. C.Méi truéng kim, D. M@i trudng trung tinh hodc méi trwéng axit Cau 3: Phong trinh héa hge nao sau day sai? A. 2Cr + 3H2SOageing) > Cra(SO4)3 + 3H. B. 2Cr+3Cl, —“>2CrCl,. ©. Cr(OH), +BHCI-> CrCl, +3H1,0 D. Cr203 + 2NaOH (as) ——> 2NaCrO2 + H20. LE DANG KHUONG - NGUYEN XUAN TRUGNG 335CHUONG 8: CROM - SAT - BONG CAu 4: Cho so dé phan img: Cr S-> x te yy Biét Y la hop chat cia crom, Hai chat X va ¥ Tan Iugt la A.CrCle va Cr(OH)s. B. CrCls va KaCr207. C.CrCh vaKeCrO,. D. CrCl va KaCrOy. CAu 5: Cho ede phat biéu sa (a) Trong bang tun hoan cdc nguyén t6 héa hoc, crom thuge chu ki 4, nhém VIB, (b) Cac oxit cita crom d&u 18 oxit trung tinh. (©) Trong cdc hop chat, sé oxi héa cao nhét cia crom la +6. (4) Trong céc phan mg héa hoc, hgp chat crom(11) chi déng vai trd cht oxi hod. (e) Khi phan ting v6i kh{ Clz du, crom tgo ra hop chat crom(II1). ‘Trong cic phat biéu trén, nhiing phat biéu diing la: A.(a), (va). B.(b), (va (2). C@),(b) a). D. (b), (4) va (e). Cau 6: Chat nao sau day vita phan tig véi dung dich NaOH lodng, vira phan tg voi dung dich HCI? A. NaCrQ2, B.Cr(OH)s, CNaCrOs D.CrCls. Cau 7: Cho day chuyén hod sau Cr, —MRGELEEY yg _AFSO, ESO, yy samen mone Cée chat, ¥, Zin lot la A. NaaCr207, CrSOs, NaCrOr, B.NaCrO4, CrSO«, Cr(OH)s. C. NaxCrO4, Cra{SO4)s, NaCrO2. D. NaxCr.0r, Cro(SO4)s, Cr(OH)s. Cau 8: Dung dich X cé mau vang tuoi. Néu cho thém vao mt long H2SO., mau vang ciia dung dich dan dan chuyén sang mau da cam. Tir dung dich cé mau da cam thu duge néu cho thém vao dé mét iwong KOH, mau vang ctia dung dich lai dan dan tré lai. Dung dich X Ta dung dich nao? ‘A. Dung dich KeCr207. B. Dung dich KMn0,, Dung dich K,Cr0s, D. Dung dich Brz Cau 9: Phat biéu nao sau day khong ding? A. Do Cr(OH)s la hidroxit luéng tinh nén Cr téc dung dugc voi dung dich NaOH dic. B. CrO 18 oxit bazo, tan dé dang trong dung dich axit. C.Cr0s tan dé trong nuéc, tac dung dé dang v6i dung dich kiém loang. D.CraO3 la oxit lwéng tinh, khdng tan trong dung dich axit va dung dich kiém. Cu 10: Cho sod phin ing: +NH3 +H he 5 2 KNtn04/KOH Sa cl, cr—2» crch. K,CrO, 336 LE BANG KHUONG - NGUYEN XUAN TRUONG:CHUONG 8: CROM - SAT - DONG chat Ea A.CrCh, B.CrCls. C.Cra0s, D.cr. DAP AN 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 B c A c A B c c A B HUONG DAN GIAT cau: Z=24- Cau hinh electron cia Cr: 1s*2s?2p83s? 3p°3ds4s?. — Cu hinh electron etia Cela: 18225?2p93s? 3pe3ee, — pap an B Cau 2: Do trong dung dich chita ion Cr,0;~ luén cé6 cn bang: Cr0? + H,O <= 2Cr0> + 2Ht ‘Thém OH” vao dung dich X thi ndng 46 H* trong dung dich giam. ~ Can bang trén dich chuyn sang phai > dung djeh chita ion CrO;-. = Ion Cr,0}° khong ton tai trong mdi trudng kiém, ~ Dap an cau 3: Asai vi: Cr + HeSOstoing > CrSOs + Hot > Dap an A Cau 4: 2Cr + 3Clz > 2CrCly x 2CrCls + 16KOH + 3Cl, —> 2K.Cr0, + 12KC1 + 8H2O0 Y = Dap an C. cau S: (@) ding vi Cr thuge 6 $6 24, chu Ki 4, nhém VIB (SGK 12 co ban - trang 152). (B) sai vi CrO 18 oxit bazo, Cr20s 1a oxit ludng tinh, CrOs [a oxit axit (SGK 12 co bin - trang 153, 154). (c) ding (SGK 12 co ban - trang 152). (a) sai vi trong cic hyp chat crom c6 cdc s6 oxi héa la tir+1 dén +6 > Hop chat Cr(I1D) vira cé tinh Khir, vita cé tinh oxi héa. 2 a o 8 ¥ Tinh oxi héa: Cr 0, + 2AI—"92Cr + Al,O, ° “6 a “Tinh Khir 26rCl, +16KOH +3C., 92K {FO , +12KC' 8H Q LE DANG KHUONG - NGUYEN XUAN TRUONG 337CHUONG 8: CROM - SAT - DONG (e) dang vi 2Cr + 3Cl, “> 2¢rCls > Dap an A. Cau 6: A sai vi NaCrO2 khOng phan tng v6i NaOH. B dting vi: Cr(OH)3 + 3HCI + CrCls + 3H20 Cr(OH)3 + NaOH + NaCrO2 + 24:0 € sai vi NazCrOs khéng phan ing véi NaOH. D sai vi CrCl khdng phan tmg voi HCI. > Dap anB, cau 7: ‘Ta 06 céc phwong trinh héa hoc CrO3 + 2NaOHa > NazCrO, + H20 x 2NazCrOs + 6FeSO, + BH2S04—> 2NazSO, + 3Fex(SOs)s + Cro(SO4)2 + 8H20 Y Cr(SOs)s + 6NaOH ~> 2Cr(OH)s 4 + 3NaxSO. Cr(OH)s + NaOH du > NaCrO2 + 2120 Z XY, Z fin lugt la NazCrO4, Crz(SO4)s, NaCrOz ~ Dap anc Cau 8: ‘Tacé can bing: 2croy + 2H" == Cr,0% + H,0 (1) DungdichX Dung dich Y (vang) (da cam) Y Thém vai giot HeSOs vao dung dich X thi nbng d6 He trong dung dich X tang. ~ Can bing (1) dich chuyén sang phai -> thu duoc dung dich ¥ (mau da cam), Y Thém vai gigt KOH vao dung dich Y thi ndng 6 H+ trong dung dich ¥ gidm ~ Can bang (1) dich chuyén sang trl > thu dugc dung dich X (mau vang), ~+ Dung dich X 1a K2CrOs, ~ Dap an ¢ cand: Asai vi Cr khéng tac dung voi dung dich NaOH dc. Bduingvi CrO + 2HCI— CrCh: + H20 € ding vi CrOs a oxit axit dé tan trong nude va tac dung dé dng voi dung dich ki&m losing. CrO3 + H20 > H2Cr0y 2CrOs + Ha0 > HeCr07 CrO3 + 2NaOH + NaxCrO, + H20 338 LB DANG KHUONG - NGUYEN XUAN TRUONGCHUONG 8: CROM- SAT - DONG D dang vi Cr.03 khong tan trong dung djch kiém, chi tan trong dung dich axit va dung djch kiém ac Cr03 + 6HC] + 2CrCh + 3H20 > Dap ana Cau 10: Ta cé cdc phwong trinh héa hoc: 2Cr + BC, > 2CrCls CrCl + 3NHs + 31,0 -> Cr(OH)s 4 + 3NHAC] x Cr(QH)5 + 3HCI > CrCls + 3420 E CrCls + 3NaOH + Cr(OH)s 4 + 3NaCl x Cr(OH); + NaOH — NaCrO, + 2H.0 Y¥ NaCrO2 + 2HCI > NaCl + 2H20 + CrCla E GrCls + 3KMn0, + SKOH > KrCrOs + 3KCI + 3KeMn04 + 4H20 EIA CrCls > Dap an B Em lam bai kiém tra dui day dé cing 6 kién thite nhét BAI KIEM TRA Cau 1: Cp kim loai nao cé tinh chat bén ving trong khdng khi va nuéc do cé mang oxit bio ve? A.Feva Al B. Fe va Cr. CaAlvacr. D. Mn va Cr. ‘Cau 2: Hign tuong xay ra khi nhé vai gigt dung dich H2S0« vao dung dich NaxCr0s 1a ‘A.Dung dich chuyén tir mau vang sang khéng mau, B, Dung dich chuyn ty mau da cam sang mau vang. Dung dich chuyén tiy mau vang sang mau da cam. D. Dung dich chuyén tir khong mau sang mau da cam. ‘Cau 3: Cho sod phan ting sau: (NHs).CriO, ZX SEMEL, y _aShemeih KON, 7 _ sme a SO, yp Trong d6 X, ¥, Z, T dbu la cdc hgp chat khdc nhau cla crom, Chat T 1a A.K.Cre07. B.K2CrOs. C.Cre(S0))2. D.CrS0s. Cau 4; Phat bigu nao sau day kh6ng ding? ‘A. Crom(Ill) oxit va crom(III) hidroxit déu la chat ¢é tinh leéng tin. B, Ancol etylic béc chay khi tiép xtc véi CrOs. LE DANG KHUONG - NGUYEN XUAN TRUONG 339CHUONG 8: CROM - SAT - DONG C. Khi phan ttng voi dung dich HCI, kim loai Cr bi oxi hod thanh fon Cr2+, D, Crom(VI) oxit [a oxitbazo, ‘Cau 5: Khi tham gia phan ting oxi hod - khir thi hop chit Cr(JII) A. chi thé hign tinh oxi hoa, B. chi thé hign tinh khik. C. vira thé hign tinh oxi hoa vira thé hién tinh kehit, D. khéng thé hién tinh oxi hoé-Khit. Cau 6: Cho phan ting: NaCrO2 + Br2 + NaOH > X + NaBr + H20. Xa A.NazCr20r. B, NazCr0s, C.CrBr3, D. NaCr02, Cau 7: Phat biéu nao sau day Khéng ding? A, Cac hop chat CrO, Cr(OH)s téc dung duroc véi dung dich HCl con CrO; tac dung duoc véi dung dich NaOH. B, Thém dung dich kiém vo muéi dicromat, mudi nay chuyén thanh muéi cromat, € Cac hop chat Cr205, Cr(OH)s, CrO, Cr(OH): du cé tinh chat hong tinh. D. Mu6i Cr{ll) c6 tinh khir dc trung con mudi Cr(VI) cé tinh oxi hod manh, Cau 8: C6 mot cde thuy tinh dung tich 100 ml, dyng khodng 10 ml dung dich KsCraOr, ‘Thém tit tit tng giot dung dich NaOH vao c6c thuy tinh, Hién tong quan sat duoc Kk mau. da cam ela dung dich ch: ng mau vang, C6 hién tong gi xdy ra khi thém dung dich BaCl, vao dung dich c6 mau vang trén? A. Xudt hign két tiia mau vang cita BaCrOs. B. Khéng cé hign tuong gi xy ra. . Mau vang chuyén thanh mau da cam. D. Xuat hign két tiia mau vang, dung dich tré nén khong mau, Caw 9: Cho cdc phan ting: M+H;SO,—> MSO4+ Het MSO. + 2NaOH > M(OH)2 + NazSOs 4M(OH}2 + Oz + 2420+ 4M(OH)s M(OH): + NaOH — NaMO2+2H20 Kim loai M1a B.Al. ccr, D.Pb. : Phat bigu nao sau day [a sai? A, CrOs la mét oxit axit. B, Cr(OH)s tan durgc trong dung dich NaOH. C. Cr phan ting v6i axit H2S0, loang tao thanh Cr3+, D. Trong méi truéng kiém, Br2 oxi héa CrO; thanh Croz-. DAP AN a 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Cc c A D c B c D c c 340 LE DANG KHUONG - NGUYEN XUAN TRUONGCHUONG 8: CROM - SAT - DONG HUONG DANGIAL cau 1: © nbigt a6 thudng trong khong khi, crom va nhém tao ra mét lop mang crom(ill) oxit va nhém oxit 6 edu tao min, dic chdc va bin ving bao vé. > Dap an Cau 2: ‘Ta c6 can bang: CrOF + HOG=* 2cr0> + 2H (da cam) (wing) ‘Thém H;SO, > [H'] ting + can bing chuyén dich sang trai. > dung dich chuyén tir mau vang sang mau da cam. > Dap anc Cau 3: Ta c6 phwong trinh héa hoe (NH,)2Cr207 > Crz03 + Nat + 4120 x Crz03+ 6HCI 2CrCls + 3H20 Y 2CrCla + 3Clz + LEKOH > 2K2CrOs + 2KCI + 8H20 z 2KCrOs + H2SOs > KaCr207 + KySO, + Ha T > TRKCr0;, > Dapana cau 4: ‘A diing vi Cr203 + 6HCI > 2¢rCh + 34,0 Cr203 + 2NaOH > 2NaCrO2 + H20 Cr(OH)s + 3HC! + CrCls + 3H20 Cr(OH)s + NaQH > NaCrO2+ 2H20 B diing vi CoHsOH + 4CrOs -> 2Cr202 + 202+ 3H20 Gdiing vi Cr+ 2HCI-> CrCk + Het D sai vi CrO3 18 oxit axit CrO3 + H0 > HaCrO. 2CrOs + Hz0-» HaCrO7 > Dap nD cau 5: Vi trang thai sé oxi héa trung gian, ion Cr vira cé tinh oxi héa, vita cé tinh Khit. Tinh oxi hoa: Gr 0,+ 2Al—">2Cr + Al,0, 8 ° “ “1 Tinh Khir 2¢rCl, +16KOH +3Cl, 2K £rO , H2KCl 48H Q > Dap an LE DANG KHUONG - NGUYEN XUAN TRUGNG 344CHUONG 8: CROM - SAT- DONG ‘Ta co phwong trinh héa hoc: 2NaCrO; + 3Br; + 8NaOH + 2NacCr04 + 6NaBr + 420 Xa NaxCrO; > Dap 4nB cau 7: Adting vi CrO + 2HC] > CrCl; + 2420 Cr(OH), + 2HC] —+ CrCl, + 2H.0 CrOs + 2NaOH —> NaxCrO,+H20 Bing vi: Cr,0} + H,Og—% 2crOP + 2Ht Khi thém OH": HY + OH” > H,O — [H+] gidm nén can bang chuyén dich sang bén phai (sinh ra H’ va CrO?"). Cssai vi CrO va Cr(OH)z khong cé tinh wong tinh CrO + 2HCl-—> CrCl; + H20. Cr(OH)z + 2HCl —> CrCl: + 2H20 D dting (SGK 12 nang cao ~ trang 194, 193). = Dap nC Cau 8: ¥ Taé can bang: Cr0F + H,Oe= 2Cr0> + 2H™ (da cam) (vang) ‘Thém NaOH > [H" ] giém ~ cén bang chuyén dich sang trai — dung dich chuyén tir mau da cam sang mau vang. ¥ Khi cho BaCl ta cé phuong trinh héa hoc: BaCle + KzCr04 > BaCrOa ving + 2KClining niu ~ Khi cho BaCh: vao dung dich mau vang thi xudt hién két tia va dung dich tre nén khéngmau, > Dap an D cand: Vi trong cdc hop chat M cé 2 s6 oxi héa la +2, +3 va hgp cht M(OH)s phan ting v6i dung dich NaOH Kim loai M1a Cr Ta cé cdc phwong trinh héa hoc Cr+ H:804—> CrSOu+ Hat CrSO. + 2NaOH > Cr{OH): + NazSO, 4Cr(OH)2 + Oz + 2H20— 4Cr(OH); Cr(OH)s+ NaOH —> NaCrO2 + 24:0 ~ Dap anc 342 LB DANG KHUONG - NGUYEN XUAN TRUONGCHUONG 8: CROM - SAT- BONG cau 10: A ding vi CrOs + H20 > HaCrO« 2Cr0s + 2H20 > HaCr207 B duing vi Cr(OH) + NaOH > NaCrO; + 2H,0 € sai vis Cr + HzSO4— CrSO, + Hot D ding vi: 2Br2 +2 CrO; + 80H” — Br” + 2CrOf"+ 4H20 > Dap anc. sAT VAHOP CHAT BAI TAP MAU 23. Co ban Cau 1: Nguyén tir cua nguyén t6 sat cd A.8 electron lop ngoai cng. B, 2 electron hod tri, €. 6 electron phan lop d. D, 56 hat mang dién. Huwéng dan giai Sat c6 dign tich hat nhan Z = 26, cau hinh electron cia Fe la 1s*2s*2p*3d°4s? ~ St cé 6 electron phan l6p d, cé 2 electron lép ngoai cling va 8 electron héa tri. = Dap an Cau 2: Phan ig khéng thé digu ché duge FeCl: 1a A.Fe+ Ch. B. Cu + dung djch FeCls. €.Fe+ dung dich HCl. D. Fe(OH). + dungdjch HCL Huong dan giai ‘Ta cé céc phwong trinh héa hoc 2Fe + 3C —> 2FeCls Cu + 2FeCls -> CuCle + 2FeCl Fe + 2HCI— FeCl: + Hot Fe(OH): + 2HCI— FeCl: + 2H20 > Dap anA Cau 3: Quang dwoc ding dé san xudt gang la A. xiderit, B, manhetit va hematit. G pirit. D. hematit. Huéng dan giai ‘Trong céc loai quang sit trén, quing dugc ding dé xuat gang 1 quang manhetit va quang hematit (SGK 12 nang cao - trang 198). > Dap 4nB Cau 4: Métloai hop kim cia st trong 46 c6 nguyén t6 C (0,01 - 296) va mot lugng rat ft céc nguyén t6 Si, Mn, S, P. Hop kim a6 12 Avamelec. B. thép. Ggang, D. duyra. Huong din giai Hop kim cita sit trong dé nguyén t6 C (0,01 - 2%) va mot lwong rét ft cdc nguyén t6 Si, Mn, S, P 18 thép (SGK 12 - co ban - trang 148). ~ Dap 4nB LB BANG KHUONG - NGUYEN XUAN TRUONG 343CHUONG 8: CROM - SAT - BONG Cau 5: Kim loai s&t Idhong phan ting duge voi dung dich nao sau day? A.H2SO, dae, néng, B. HNO; loang. C.H,S0,loding. D. HNOs dc, ngudi. Hwéng dn giai Kim loai sat khéng phan tg dugc voi dung dich HNO; dac, ngudi. 2Fe + 6HeSOs aie "> Fex(SO4}3 + 3802t + 6H20 Fe + 4HINOs joing > Fe(NO3)3 + NOT + 2H20 Fe + H2SO41oing > FeSOy + Hot > Dap anD v Van dung ‘Cu 6: C6 cdc phucong trinh hod hoc (2) 2Fe(OH); —> Fe.03 + 3H;0 (2) Fe203 + 2Al "+ Al,0s + 2Fe (3) 2FeCls + Cu 2FeCh + CuCle (4) FeCls + 3NaOH ~> Fe(OH): + 3NaCl Nhimng phwong trinh phan tmg thé hién tinh oxi hod cla hep chat s&t(lld) 1a A23,4, B.2,3, cL D1. Hung dan giai 3 ey (1) 2Fe(OH), "> Fe ,0, + 3H,0 @ Fe,0, + 2Al—* > Al,O, + 2Be 3 2 (3) 2FeCl, + Cu» 2FeCl, + CuCl, (4) Fecl, + 3NeOH + Fe(01N, + 3NaCl Phan éing thé hign tinh oxi hoa cha hop chat s&t(Itt la phan tmg (2), (3). = DépanB Cau 7: Nhd tiv tir dén du dung dich FeSO, vao dung dich gdm KMn0, va H:S0,. Hign trong nao quan sat duge ? A. Dung dich mau tim bj nhat dan. B, Dung dich mau tim bj nhat dan va chuyén dan sang mau xanh, C. Dung dich mau tim bj chuyén din sang nau dd. D. Mau tim bj mat ngay. Sau dé dan din xudt hign tré lai thanh dung dich c6 mau héng. Hwéng din giai Tacé phuong trinh héa hoe: 10FeS0, + 2KMn0, + 8H2S05~» 5Fex(S0«)2 + KsSO, + 2MnSO, + 8H20 — Dung dich KMn0, c6 mau tim, khi phan ting xy ra, dung dich mau nhgt dn, “Dap an A Cau 8: C6 3 lp dyng hin hop bot: (1) Fe + Fe0, (2) Fe + Fe20s, (3) FeO + Fex0s. Thuéc thir dung dé nhan biét 3 lo dung hn hop trén la 344 LE BANG KHUONG - NGUYEN XUAN TRUONGCHUONG 8: CROM - SAT - BONG A. Ding dung dich HCI loang, dung dich CuS0,, dung djch HCl, dung dich NaOH. B, Ding dung dich HCI long, dung dich MnSO4, dung dich HCl, dung dich NaOH. C. Dang dung dich H2SO, loding, dung dich NaOH, dung dich HCl. D. Diung dung djch HCI, dung dich NaOH. Huéng din giai ‘Trinh ty tién hanh dé nhan biét céc hn hop trén La: Thudc thir Fe+FeO Fe +Fe203 FeO + Fe203 Dungdich Hcl | Cac chat ran tan va | Cac chat rn tan va | Cac chat ran tan. 6 Khi khéng mau|c6 khi khéng mau thodt ra, thoat ra. Dung dich NaOH vao | Co két tia mau trang | C6 két tia mau trang dung djch vira thu} xanh xanh va mau nau 46 duoc lo (4) va (2) Che phwong trinh héa hoc: Fe + 2HCi FeCh + Het FeO + 2HCI > FeCl: + #0 Fez03 + 6HCI > 2FeChs + 320 FeCle + 2NaOH -+ Fe(OH)zbringxans + 2NaCl FeCls + 3NaQH + Fe(OH)staaues + 3NaCl > Dap anD * Nang cao Cau 9: Cho hén hop X gdm Mg va Fe vao dung dich axit H2SOs dac, néng dén khi cdc phan ing xay ra hoan toan, thu du¢c dung dich Y va mét phan chat ran khéng tan. Chat tan c6- trong dung dich Y 1 A. MgSO, va FeSO4. B.MgSOs. C. MgSO, va Fe2(S04)3. D. MgSOs, Fez(SOa)s va FeSOs. Hwéng dan giai Cac phurong trinh héa hoe: Mg + 2H2SOsesj — > MgSO. + SOzt + 2H20 2Fe + 6H2SOxee —> Fez(SO.J2 + 3902t + 6H20 ViFe con du dung dich khong chita Fe2(S0.)s do xay ra phan dng Fe ae+ Fex(S0.Js. —> 3FeSO, Mgso. ~ Dung dich ¥ gdm: ‘ jing dicho (ee > Dap ana Cu 10: Cho cdc so 40 phan tng X+HCLoY+Z X+HNOs—> E+NOzt + H20 LE DANG KHUONG - NGUYEN XUAN TRUONG 345CHUONG 8: CROM - SAT- DONG Y+thoT Y+ NaOH ~> Gl + NaCl E+NaOH > HL + NaNOs. G+I+HO> HY Céc chat, ¥, 7, E, G, HA nhting chat nao? x Y T E G H A Cu CuCl CuCk “| Cu(NO;)2 | CufOR) | CulOH)s B Fe FeCl FeCls | Fe(NOs): | Fe(OH}: | Fe(OH): c Fe FeCls FeCl: | Fe(NOs)s | Fe(OH): | Fe(OH): D Fe Fe(NOs}s | FeCh | Fe(NOs}: | Fe(OH), | Fe(OR)e Hwéng dan gi Ta cé cdc phuong trinh héa hoc Fe + 2HCI— FeCl, + Het x Y oZ Fe + 6HNOs > Fe(NOs)s + 3NOzt + 3H:0 x E 2FeCl + Cy > 2FeCs Y T FeCl; + 2NaQH — Fe(OfiJz! + 2NaCl Y G Fe(NOs): + 3NaOH + Fe(OH)s! + 3NaNO; E H 4Fe(OH)al + 02+ 2H20 > 4Fe(OH)s! G H = Dap 4nB BAI TAP TY’ LUYEN (Cau 1: Cau hinh electron ctia ion Fe? 1a A. 1s*2st2ps3s3pe3deds?, B, 1522s?2p63s?3pe3dt4s2, © [Ar] 306, D. [Ar] 348. ‘Cau 2; Dung dich nao cé thé oxi hod Fe thanh Fe-? AHCI. B, HS, loaing, C.FeCls. D. AgNOs dur, (Cau 3: Kim loai sat tac dung voi dung dich nao sau day tao ra mudi s&t(I1)? A, HINOs dc, néng, dur. B. MgSOs. C.CuSO,. D. H2SOs aac, néng, dw. (Cau 4; Héa tan hoan toan Fes0s trong dung dich H2S0, loang (du), thu dwge dung dich X. ‘Trong cac chat: NaOH, Cu, Fe(NO3)2, KMn0s, BaCl, Clz va Al, s6 cht cd kha nang phan tng urge voi dung dich X1a AA, B.6, Gs. D7, Cu 5: Thanh phan nao cla co thé ngwdi cé nhiéu sit nhat? A.Téc. B. Rang. C.Mau. D.Da. 346 LE DANG KHUONG - NGUYEN XUAN TRUONGCHUONG 8: CROM - SAT - BONG Cau 6: Chat nao cé ham lwgng sat nhiéu nhat? A. Fe2(SO4)s, B.FeS2. CFeO. D.Fe20s. Cau 7: Quang gidu sit nhat 1a A. manhetit. B. xiderit. C. pirit sat. D.hematit. (Au 8: Trong cic chat sau Fe, FeCk, FeChs, FeS0,, Fez(SO.Je, FeO, FexOs. Nhiing chat c6 ca tinh oxi hod va tinh kh 1a A.Fe0, FeCh, FeSO; B.Fe, FeCl, FeCls. C. Fe, FeSOs, Fe2(S04)s . D.Fe, FeO, Fe20s. Cau 9: Cho day cac kim logi: Cu, Ni, Zn, Mg, Ba, Ag. S6 kim logi trong day phan tng dugc véi dung dich FeCl 1a A. Ba. 3. D.5. au 10: Hoa tan m gam hén hop gbm Al, Fe vao dung dich HySOs loang (du). Sau khi c&e phan Gg xdy ra hoan toan, thu duoc dung dich X. Cho dung dich Ba(OH)s (du) vio dung dich X, thu dwoc kéttia ¥. Nung Y trong khong khi dn kh6i long khong dé, thu durge chat rn Z 18 A.H6n hyp gom BaSO, va FeO. B. Hon hop gdm AlO3 va Fe20s. C.HGn hgp gdm BaSO, va Fe:02. D.Fe203. pAP AN 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 c D ¢ D c c A A D c HUONG DAN GIAI Cau 1: ‘Sat c6 dign tich hat nhan Z= 26, cfu hinh electron cita Fe 1a 1s"2s*2p53s?3p3ds4s = Cu hinh electron cia Fe 1a 1s%2s*2p3s?3pe3dé hay [Ar] 3d. > Dap an cau 2: Phuong trinh héa hoc ¥ Fe+ 2HC1> FeCl + Hat Y Fe + HzS0s > FeSO, + Hat VFe+ 2FeCls > 3FeCh, ¥ Fe + 2AgNOs + Fe(NOs)2 + 2Agl Fe(NOs)2 + AgNOs du > Fe(NOs)s + Ags > Dap 4nD cau 3. Céc phwong trinh héa hoc: Fe + 6HNOs (asy —-> Fe(NO3}3 + 3NOz t + 3H20 Fe + MgSQs— khéng phan ting Fe + CuSO, > FeSO, + Cul 2Fe + 6H2S0« i) +> Fe2($04}s + 3902 t + 6H20 > Dap nC LE DANG KHUONG - NGUYEN XUAN TRUONG 347CHUONG 8: CROM - SAT - DONG Cau 4: Fex04 + 44250q) —> FeSO, + Fez(SOq)s + 4120 Feso, Dung dich X gdm: ; Fe,(SO,)}, > Fe, Fe", SO}, H” H,S0, Y NaOH: OH” +H" —>H,0 20H" + Fe* — Fe(OH):t 30H + Fe + Fe(OH)st ¥ Cu: Cu + 2Fe*—> Cue + 2Fe* Y Fe(NOs)z: 3Fe”* + 4H” + NO, —>3Fe* +NOT42H,0 ~ KMnO«: 5Fe™ +Mn0; + 8H* —>5Fe™ +Mn’* +-4H,0 ¥ BaCls: Ba** +$0}°—>Bas0, 1 YChiC + 2Fe*—» 2Fe* + 2c VAL: 2Al+6H" —>2al* +3H, T Al + 3Fe* —> Al +.3Fe* 2A + 3Re*—+2A)" + 3Fe ~ C67 chat phan tng duge voi dung dich X > Dap nD Cau 5: ‘Trong cdc thanh phan trén, trong mau cé nhiéu sit nhat > BAp an C Cau 6: Ham lugng sat trong cachgp chat la: 56.2 Fex(S0.)s 96Fe = =-S°2-— 200% = 28%, 56 564322 58 400% =77,78%. 56+16 56.2 624163 100% = 46,67%, 100% = 70%. Quang gidu st nhat la quing manhetit (SGK 12 nang cao - trang 198). + Dap 4n A Cau 8: ‘S&t06 36 oxi héa 0, +2, +3. Nhiing hop chat c6 s6 oxi héa +2 vira cé tinh oxi héa vita cé tinh hi, C6 8 chat c6 cd tinh oxi hda va tinh khirla FeO, FeCl,, FeSO,. > Dap anA 348 LE DANG KHUONG - NGUYEN XUAN TRUONGCHUONG 8: CROM - SAT- BONG cand: ‘Theo day dign héa va quy tac a thi cdc kim logi cé thé phan img duoc véi dung dich Fes 1a: Cu, Ni, Zn, Mg, Ba: (1) Cu+ 2Fes —s Cut + 2Fee (2) Ni+ 2Fes Nir + 2Fe2 (3) Zn + 2Feta, —>Zn + 2Fee 3Znay + 2Fe* —> 3Zne + 2Fe (4) Mg + 2Fe? ae —> Mg? + 2Fe% 3Mgus + 2Fe?* —» 3Mg?* + 2Fe (5) Ba+ 210 —»>Ba(OH): + Hat Fe* 30H” —>Fe(OH), 1 > Dap anD Cau 10, 2Al + 3H:SO.— Al(SO.)s + 3Het Fe + H2S0, > FeSO, + Hat ‘AL,(S0,), ~ Dung dich X gdm: j FeSO, 4,50, Ba(OH)2 + H2S0, > BaSOl + 2H20 3Ba(OH)2 + Al:(S0.)s + 3BaSOst + 2Al(OH)s1 AI(OH)s| + OH” gy > AO; +2H,0 Ba(OH). + FeSO; > BaSO,) +Fe(OH)zt Baso, Fe(OH), AFe(OH)2+ 02—"> 2Fe205 + 4120 BaSO, Fe,0, — Két tia Y gdm: { > Chat ran Z gb > Dap anc Em lam bai kiém tra duéi day dé cing c6 kién thire nhé! BALKIEM TRA (Cau 1: Cho cdc cht sau: HCI, KI, Al, Cu, AgNOs, HNOs va CO2, Nhiing chat tac dung véi dung dich FeCl; 18 AHCI, KI, Al, Cu, AgNOs, HNOs va CO. B. HCl, KI, Al, Cu, AgNOs. C.KI, Al, Cu va AgNOs, D.Al, CuCl, Zn. LE DANG KHUONG - NGUYEN XUAN TRUONG 349CHUONG 8: CROM - SAT - BONG ‘Cau 2: Hoa tan oxit sét tir vao dung dich H,SO; lofing du thu duoc dung dich X. Phét biéu nao sau day khong ding? A. Dung dich X lam mat mau thude tim. B. Dung dich X khong thé hoa tan Cu. €.Cho dung dich NaOH dur vao dung dich X, thu lay két tia va dé lau trong khong khf khdi luong két tia sé ting. D. Dung dich X téc dung duge voi dung dich AgNOs. ‘Cau 3:C6 céc phwong trinh hod hoc: (4) FeO + CO “5 Fe +O, (2) 2FeCh + Cle > 2FeCls (3) 4Fe(OH)2 + 02 + 2H,0 = 4Fe(OH); (4) 3Fe0 + 10HNO > 3Fe(NOs); + SHO + NO (5) FeO + 2HCI> FeCl: + H20 NhGing phuong trinh hod hoc minh hga tinh khir cia hop chat sAt(II) 1a A.(2), 3), (4). B.(1), (4). (5). €.(1), (3), (5), D. (1), (2), (4). CAu 4. Cho céc dung dich mudi: Fe2(S04)s, FeSOs va FeCls, Diing hoa chat nao dé phan biét? A. Dung djch MgCl, dung dich KOH, B. Dung dich BafOH}2, €. Dung dich AgNOs. D. Dung dich Zn(NOs)2, dung dich NaOH. Cu 5: Phan ting gitta céc cap chat nao khéng ding dé diéu ché mudi Fe(II) ? A.FeO + HCL. B.Fe(OH)s + H:S0sloang. C.FeCO; + NaNOs + HCL. D.Fe + Fex(S0,)s. ‘Cau 6: Phuong trinh héa hoc cia phan ting nao viét ding? A.3Fe + 202 “> Fes0, B.Fe + Cl "> FeCl CFe + Cu0 “> Fed + Cul D.2Fe(NOs)2 "> 2FeO +4NOot + Ort cau 7: Thép la hop kim cla Fe ~ C va mOt s6 nguyén té khdc, Phin tram vé khdi lwgng cla Ccé trong gang a A.0,01 ~ 2%, B.2-5%. C.8-12% D.> 15%. Cau 8: Phat biéu nao ding vé Fe(OH)? A.Mau luc nhat, B. Dé bj nhiét phan. C.Khé tan trong axit. D. Dé tan trong baza. Cau 9: Trudng hop nao sau day Khéng phi: hop gitta tén quang va cong thitc hep chat chinh trong quang? ‘A. Hematit nau va Fe20s. B.Manhetit va FesOs. C.Xiderit va FeCOs. D. Pirit va FeS2. ‘Cau 10: Tign hanh mét thi nghiém nhu hinh vé 350 LE BANG KHUGNG - NGUYEN XUAN TRUONGCHUONG 8: CROM - SAT- DONG Hinh vé trén minh hoa cho cae phan img trong 46 oxit X14 A. Mg0 va K20. B. Fex03 va CuO. .Na,0 va Zn0. D. Alz03 va BaO. DAP AN i 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 ¢€ B a B C aA A B A B HUONG DAN GIAI caud: Asai vi FeCls khong phan tng vi HCl, HNOs va CO2. B sai vi FeCls khéng phan ting véi HCl. C ding vir 2K + 2FeCls + 2ReCls + 2KCI + ab 3FeCls + Al AlCl; + 3FeCle 2FeCls + Cu CuCh + 2FeChe FeCls + 3AgNO3 ~> 3AgCl 1 + Fe(NOs)> D sai vi FeCls khong phan tng véi CuCl. + Dap nC Cau 2: Phuong trinh héa hoc: Fes(4 + 4H2S0¢ —» Fes(SO,)s + FeSOs + 41:0 Ading vi: 10FeSO, + BH2S0, + 2KMnO4 ~» 5Fex(SOu)s + 2MnSOx + KzS04 + 8H20 Bsaivi: Cu + Fes(S0s)s + CuSO4 + 2FeSO4 € ding vi ban dau xay ra phan tng héa hoc: FeSO« + 2NaOH — Fe(OHJel + NaxSOs Fex(SO4)s + 6NaOH > 2Fe(OH)s! + 3NaxSO4 Sau d6, xay ra phan ting: 4Fe(OH)2 1 + 02+ 220 > 4Fe(OH)st > Khdi lwgng ket tia ting D ding vir LE BANG KHUONG - NGUYEN XUAN TRUONG 351CHUONG 8: CROM - SAT - DONG Fet + Age + Fe + Agh 2Ag* +50} —> Ag,S0, = Dap an B Cau 3: 2 ° (1) FeO + CO "> Fe + co, t ~ FeO 6 tinh oxi héa (2) 2c, + cl, + 2Kec, ~ FeCl c6 tinh khir (3) 4Fe(OH), + 0, + 24,0 4Fe(oH), > Fe(OH): c6 tinh kh (4) 3820 + 10KNO, > 3Fe(NO,}, + SH,O + NOT ~> Fe0 6 tinh kit 2 2 (©) Feo + 2HCl > Fecl, + H,0 ~ FeO khOng thé hign tinh khir va tinh oxi héa, > Nhiing phuong trinh héa hoc minh hoa tinh khit cla hop chat s&t(Ul 8 (2), (3), (4). > Dap ana Cau 4: Fea(S04)s FeSO; FeCl Dung dich | Kéttiia trang eo lan Két tia trang Kéttia nau do Ba(OH)e két tha nau dé Khdy kéttia | Khong déimau | Chuy€nsangmaunaude | Khongddimau Cac phwrong trinh héa hoc: Fe,(SO,)s + 3Ba(OH)2 > 2Fe(OH)s Lasuas + 3BaSO4 Lecng FeSO. + Ba(OH)2 > Fe(OH)2ludygsanh + BaSOs Liring 2FeCh + 3Ba(OH): > 2Fe(OH)s Jnivas + 3BaCh, AFe(OH)2esingxann + Oz + 2Hz0 —> 4Fe(OH)s Iniucs > Dap anB caus: Céc phuong trinh héa hoc: FeO + 2HCl>FeCk + H:0 Fe(OH}2 + HoSO+ ing + FeSOy + 2H20 3FeCO; + NO, + 10H + 3Fe% + 3CO.t+ NOT+ 5H.0 Fe + Fex(S0,)3 > 3FeSO, ~ Dap an 352 ‘LE DANG KHUONG - NGUYEN XUAN TRUONGCHUONG 8: CROM - SAT - DONG Cau 6: Bsai vi: 2Fe + 3Ch “> 2FeCl: C sai vi phan eng trén khong xay ra D sai vi: 4Fe(NOs)3 > 2Fe20s + 12NO2f + 3021 = pap an A cau 7: ‘Thép l& hop kim ciia Fe va C trong 46 cé tir 0,01-2% kh6i lung C (SGK 12 co ban = trang 148). > Dapan A Cau 8: Asai vi Fe(OH)s ld chat ran mau nau 4d (SGK héa hoc 12 ~ co’ ban - trang 144) B ding vi 2Fe(OH)2 —*-> Fez02 + 3H20 C sai vi Fe(OH)s dé tan trong dung dich axit tao thanh dung dich mudi Fe(lli) Fe(OH)s + 3HC1~ FeCl; + 3H20 D sai vi Fe(OH); kbOng phan ting véi dung dich baz + Dap in B caus: ‘Thanh phn chinh cia cdc quiing 1&: Hematit nau: Fe202.nH20 Manhetit: Fess Xiderit: FeCOs Pirit: FeSz > bap in Cau 10: Khi sinh ra & Ong dn khi J8 Ho vi: ‘dn + 2HCl > ZnCl. * Het Oxit X bi khit-béi khi Hz 18 oxit ctia kim loai cé tinh khi trung binh va yéu ‘Aloai vi Mg va K 1a hai kim loai 6 tinh khiy manh B diing vi Fe, Cu la kim loai cé tinh khér trung binh va yéu Fe203 + 3H2 "> 2Fe + 340 Cud + He > Cu + #20 Cssai vi logi Nala kim loai cé tinh khir manh D sai vi Al, Ba la hai kim logi 6 tinh Khir manh > Dap anB LE DANG KHUONG - NGUYEN XUAN TRUONG 353CHU'ONG 8: CROM - SAT - DONG DONG VA HOP CHAT BAL TAP MAU Coban Cau 1: Biét sé tht ty ca Cu trong bang tuan hoan la 29 va cé cac phat biéu sau (1) Cu thudc chu ki 3, nhém IB. (2) Cu thuéc chu ki 4, nhém IB, (3) Cu thud chu ki 4, nhém IIB, (4) Jon Cur 6 1ép electron ngoai cling bao hod. (5) Jon Cu2* cé 1ép electron ngoai cling bao hoa. Phat biéu ding la A.(1, (4). B, (2), (4). C.(3), (4). D. (2), (5). Hwéng dan giai ‘Ta c6Z = 29 ~ cau hinh electron cia Cu la: 1s°2s*2p°3st3ps3dt04s2 ~ Cu thuge chu ki 4, nhém IB — (2) ding. C4u hink electron ciia ion Cur la 15%2s2ps3s?3p63d00 + (4) ding, Cau hinh electron ciia ion Cu?* la 1s*2s?2ps3s¢3ps303, ~ on Cu c6 l6p electron lép ngoai cing bao hoa, — Phat biéu (2) va (4) ding = Dap anB Cau 2: Hop kim nao khong phai la cua déng? A. Bong thau. B. Dong thanh. C. Vang 9 cara, D.Thép inox. Hwéng dan giai Dong thau la hop kim cia ding - kém (45% Zn). ‘Dong thanh la hop kim ciia dng - thiéc. Vang 9 cara la hop kim cita Cu ~ Au, trong 46 2/3 1a Cu, 1/3 18 Au, Thép inox l& hgp kim cia sat, crom, mangan. > Dap 4nD Cau 3: Dung dich nao sau day khéng phan ting voi Cu? A. HsPOs. B,HClcé ho&tan Oz. — C.Fex(S04)s. D. AgNOs. Hw6ng dan gidi Ta c6 cée phirong trinh ha hoc: Cu+ HaPOs > khong phan ting 2Cu + 4HCI+ 02 2CuCh + 2420 Cu + Fex(S0.)s + CuSO, + 2FeSO5 Cu + 2AgNOs + Cu(NOs): + 2AgL > Dap an A Cau 4: Khi d6t néng trong khéng khi, Cu bj oxi hod tgo oxit cé mau den. Tiép tue dét néng trong khong khf 6 nhiét d6 cao hon, mét phn oxit mau den bién thanh oxit méi cé mau 48. Phan ting nao da xiy ra giai doan nay? 354 LB DANG KHUONG - NGUYEN XUAN TRUONG.CHUONG &: CROM - SAT - DONG AAC+ Oz "22> 2Cu20 €.4Cu0 "22-5 2Cu,0 + O2 B.Cu0 + Cu > Cu,0 D,2Cuz0 + 02 “2 4Cu0 Huéng dan gia Ac phurong trinh héa hoc: 2Cu+02—"+ 2Cu0 Mau den Cud +Cu 225 Cw20 Mau do = Dap anB Cau 5: Khi cho Ba(OH)z due vio dung dich chéta FeCls, CuS0,, AlCls thu duge két tila, Nung két tia trong khéng kh{ dén Khi c6 khdi lrong khong di, thu dwoc chat ran X. Chat ran X gom A, Fe0, Cu0, AlzOa, C,Fes0s, Cu, BaSOs, B. Fe;03, CuO, BaSOs. D.Fe20s, Cud. Huéng dan gidi ‘Ta 06 so dd phan tng: FeCl, BaSO, Baso, cuso, 22d, Fe(OH), —> | Fe,0,, Alcl, cu(OH), cud Phuong trinh héa hoc: Y 2FeCls + 3Ba(OH)2 > 2Fe(OH)at + 3BaCk, ¥ CuSOy + Ba(OH)2 > Cu(OH)at + BaSO«! ¥ 2AlCl; + 3Ba(OH)2 > 3BaCh + 2AI(OH)st 2AI(OH)3 + Ba(OH)2 > Ba(Al02)2 + 4420 ¥ 2Fe(OH); —+ Fe203 + 3H20 ¥ Cu(OH}: > cud + H20 — Chat ran X gdm BaSO,, Fez0, va Cu0. + Dap 4nB » Vandung Cau 6; Phat biéu nao sau day khéng ating? A.Cu(OH)2 tan duge trong dung dich Nits. B.Cr(OH)2 la hidroxit lwong tinh, €.Kim logi Cu phan ng dugc vi dung dich hon hop KNOs va HCl. 1D. Khf NH khir dug CuO nung néng. Huong din giai A ding vi Cu(OH)2 + 4NH3 — [Cu(NHs)4](OH)z Bsai vi Cr(OH)2 8 hidroxit c6 tinh baz LE DANG KHUONG - NGUYEN XUAN TRUONG 355CHUNG 8: CROM - SAT - DONG Cr(OH)2 + 2HCI > CrCle + 2H20 C dting vi: 3Cu+2NO; + 8H’ —93Cu* +2NOT+4H,0 D ding vi 2NHs + 3Cu0 —> 3Cu + Nat + 3120 ~ Dap 4nB Cau 7: Chat long Boocdo 1a hén hop dng (II) sunfat va voi tdi trong néc theo mot ti 18 nhat dinh, chat long nay phai hoi c6 tinh kim (vi néu dng (II) sunfat dur sé thm vao md thyc vat gay hai Ién cho c4y). Boocdo 1a mt chat diét ném cho cay rat c6 higu qua nén duge céc nha lam vin wa ding, hon niéa vige pha ché né cling rét don gidn. Bé phat hién Bng(II) sunfat dw nhanh, c6 thé ding phan éng hoa hoc nao? A. Glixero] tac dung v6i déng(Il) sunfat trong moi truéng kiém. B. Sat téc dung v6i ddng(Il) sunfat. € Amoniac tac dung v6i déng(II) sunfat. D. Bac téc dung voi ddng(I1) sunfat. Huéng dan giai é phat hign dOng(il) sunfat dw nhanh, diing phan ing st t4c dung véi dung dich d&ng(I1) sunfat vi nguyén ligu dé tim va hién tong phan ting dé quan sat Fe + CuSO, + FeSO, + Cul Mauxanh —-khGngmau = mau do = Dap énB Cu 8: Trong céng nghiép thudng ding phwong phap nao dé digu ché CuSO4? A. Cho Cu phan ting voi dung dich Ag:S0s, B. Cho Cu phan ting véi H.S04 dc, néng, €.Cho Cu phan ting v6i H,S0, loang, D. Cho Cu phan ting voi H2S04 loang, c6 suc Khi oxi. Huwéng dan giai Asai vi phan ting nay cn mot lugng lén AgoSO« (t6n kém ve kinh t8) B sai vi phan éng nay tiéu tn H:SOs dc, néng (ton kém vé kinh té) va sinh ra khi $02 gay 6 nhiém moi tradng. Cu + 2H2SOsase “> CuSOs + $027 + 220 Cssai vi Cu khong phan (eng véi H2S0s loang. D ding 2Gu + 2H2SOy + 02» 2CuSO4 + 220 Dap anD * Nang cao Cau 9: Ngam Cu du vao dung dich AgNOs thu dugc dung dich X. Sau d6 ngam Fe dur vao dung dich X thu duge dung dich Y. Dung dich Y gdm A. Fe(NO3)2. B. Fe(NOs)s. C.Fe(NOs)z, Cu(NOs)2. D. Fe(NO;}2, Cu(NOs)2, AgNOs. 356 LE DANG KHUONG - NGUYEN XUAN TRUONGCHUNG 8: CROM - SAT- DONG Hwong din gia Ta cé cdc phuong trinh héa hoc: Cu + 2AgNOs— Cu(NOs)2 + 2Agl Fe + Cu(NO3)2z > Fe(NOs)2 + Cul > Dap ana Cau 10: Cho so dd : X me Ye 7 Ee r,t Céc chat X, Y, Z, E,T thuéc phuong an nao? chatx Cha ChatZ ChatE ChatT A_|Ca(OHe Cucle Cu(NO3}2 cud CuSO, B_ | cuso. uC. Cu(OH}e cud CufNOse C_[ Cu(nos)e CuChe Cu(OH) ud CuSO D_| CutNO:)2 CuChe GusOs cud CuQOH) Hw6ng dan giai ‘Ta cé céc phuong trinh héa hge: CuSO, + BaCl, + CuCl + BaSO4! x Y CuCl, + 2NaOH — Cu(OH)e! + 2NaCl Y¥ Zz Cu(OH). + HeS0s > CuSO, +2H20 Zz x Cu(OH): > cud + #20 z E CuO + Hz > Cu + H20 CuS04+ Ba(NO3}2> Cu(NOs)2 + BaSOst x T Cu(NO,)2 + Fe + Fe(NO3)2 + Cul > Dap an B BAI TAP TY LUYEN Au 1: Cho biét Cu (Z= 29) cfu hinh electron cita ion Cu la A, 1822s?2p63s?3p0309, B. 1s%2s?2p93st3p93d74s2, C, 19%2s*2pe3s?3ps3de4st, D. 19°2s2p%3s*3pe3dr4st, Cau 2: Dé nhan biét ion nitrat, thwdng ding Cu va dung dich HeSO, loang vi A. phan ting tao két tia mau vang va dung dich ¢6 mau xanh. B, phan ting tgo ra dung dich cé mau xanh va khi khéng mai lam xanh quy 4m. LE DANG KHUONG - NGUYEN XUAN TRUONG 357CHUNG 8: CROM - SAT - DONG C.phan ting tgo ra két tia mau xanh. D. phan tng tao dung dich c6 mau xanh va khi khong mau héa ndu trong khéng khl, Cau 3: Hop kim Cu- Zn (45% Zn) 6 tinh cing, bén hon dong ding dé ché tao cdc chi tiét my, ché tao thiét bi ding trong déng tau bién durgc goi la A, dong thau, B. ding bach. C.dong thanh, D.vang 9 cara. (Cau 4: Kim loai Cu khéng tan trong dung dich nao sau day A. HNO3 loang, néng. B.HNOs long, ngudi. C.H,SO, loaing, néng. D.H2S04 dic, néng, ‘Cau 5: Day nao gdm céc chat déu tac dung duge vai dung dich HCl? A. Fez02, KMn0,, Cu. B. Fe, CuO, Ba(OH)2, €.CaCO; H,S0., Mg(OH)2. D.MgCOs, BaSO,, AgNOs. Cau 6: Cho cac dung dich: HCI, MgCl, NHs, KCL. $6 dung dich phan ting duo voi Cu(OH) 1a Aa, BA. C2 D.4, Cau 7: Néu cho s6 mol H2S04 nhu nhau thi phan Ging nao thu dwec long CuSOs nhé nhat? A.H,S0s + CuO, B.H,SO, + Cu(OH).. C. H2804 + CuCOs. D. H2SOsaic+ Cu, Cau 8: C6 mot céc dung dung dich HCI, nhting mét ban ding méng vao céc, Quan sét bang mat throng ta khéng thay cé hign tugng gi xdy ra. Tuy nhién néu dé lau ngdy, dung dich din chuyén sang mau xanh. Ban dong cé thé bi ditt ché tiép xiie v6i b8 mat thodng cila céc axit, Diu gidi thich nao sau day 1a hop ly? A. Dong c6 téc dung véi axit HCL, nhung cham dén mic mat thuéng khong nhin thay. B. Dong téc dung véi axit HCI loang khi cé mat oxi. C. Xay ra hign tugng an man dién hod. D. Dong bj nuée an man. Cau 9: Cho hdn hop Fe va Cu vao dung djch HINOsloang, ngudi duoc dung dich X v8 chét ran Y, cho dung dich NaOH dw vao dung dich X dug két ta T. Két tia T gbm nhing chit nao? A. Fe(OH): va Cu(OH)2, B.Fe(OH)2 va Cu(OH)2. C.Fe(OH)2, D. Fe(OH). CAu 10: Cho céc phat biéu sau (1) CuO via c6 tinh oxi héa vita 6 tinh kht, (2) Cu(OH): Ia hop chat khong c6 tinh ludng tinh. (3) CuSO, iehan c6 thé ding 4é phat hign nuéc Kin trong dau hoa hoac xang. (4) CuS0« cé thé diing lam khd ki NHs, Phat biéu kinéng déing la A.) (3. B.(4), (4). C.(2), (4). D.(2), (3). BAP AN a 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 D A c B c D B B D 358 LE BANG KHUONG - NGUYEN XUAN TRUONGCHUONG 8: CROM - SAT- DONG HUONG DAN GIAI cau 1: ‘Ta cb Z= 29 = c&u hinh electron cita Cu la: 1s*2s*2ps3s*3pe3die4st — C4u hinh electron ciia ion Cu?* la 15*2s*2p%3s*3pe3d, > Dap ana cau 2: Phuong trinh héa hoc: 3Cu+2NO; +8H" —>3Cu™ +2NOT+4H,0 Dung dich Cu?* cé mau xanh va khi NO khéng mau héa nau trong khong khi. + Dap anD Cau 3: Hop kim Cu - Zn (45% Zn) durgc got la dng thau (SGK nang cao 12 - trang 211). ~DdpanA Cau 4: Cu dimng sau H trong day dién ha —> Cu khéng téc dung v6i dung dich HeSOs loang, néng. = Dap anc Cau 5: Asai vi Cu Ikhéng thc dung duoc véi dung dich HCl. B ting vi: Fe + 2HCI— FeCl + Hat CuO + 2HCI— CuCl + H20 Ba(OH)2 + 2HC] > BaCh + 2H,0 C sai vi HCI khong phan ting voi HzS0,. Dsai vi BaSO, khong phan ting véi HCL. + Dap anB Cau 6: C6 2 chat phan ting vi Cu(OH)2 1a HCI, NEL. 2HCI + Cu(OH): > CuCh + 2120 ANH + Cu(OH)2 — [Cu(NHs):] (OH)2 > Dap an cau 7: Ta c6 cdc phwong trinh héa hoc: H2SO, + CuO > CuSO. + H20 H2SQ« + Cu(OH)2 > CuSO; + 2H20 H,SO¢ + CuCOs + CuSO, + H20 + CO2t 2H2804.je+ Cu > CuSO4 + S021 + 2H20 > Dap AnD Cau 8: Phuong trinh héa hoc: 2Cu + 4HC1 + 02» CuCl2 + 2H20 ~ Diu giai thich hop ly 1A dng téc dung v6i axit HCI loaing khi c6 mat oxi. ~ Dap anB LE DANG KHUGNG - NGUYEN XUAN TRUONG 359CHUONG 8: CROM - SAT- DONG Cau 9: Ta c6 so dé phan tng Fe sino, nism, [PE(NO,), —smuow , [Fe(OH), Te No, cu Cueno,), cu(oH), Chat ran Yla Cu ‘Ta c6 phuong trinh phan tng: Fe + 4HNOs— Fe(NO;)3 +NOT + 2H20 3Cu + BHNO3 + 3Cu(NOs); + 2NOT + 4H20 Cute + 2Fe(NOs)s > Cu(NOs)2 + 2Fe(NOs)2 Fe(NOs}2 + 2NaOH — Fe(OH)2! + 2NaNOs Cu(NO:)2 + 2NaOH > Cu(OH)2l + 2NaNO3 ~ Két tia T 1a Fe(OH), va Cu(OH)s. = Dap anB Cau 10: (1) sai vi s6 oxi héa cita Cu trong Cu0 la +2 (s6 oxi héa cao nhét) ~ CuO chi cé tinh oxi héa. (2) ding vi Cu(OH)z fa hidroxit c6 tinh bazo. (3) ding (SGK 12 co ban - trang 158). (4) sai vi-xay ra phan tng: CuSO, + 2NHs + 2Hz0 — Cu(OH)2l + (NH,)2SOs ~ Dap 4nD Em lam bai kiém tra du6i day dé ciing c6 kién thire nhé! BAI KIEM TRA Cau 1; Dung dich nao khéng phan tng dwgc kim loai Cu? ‘A, Dung dich FeCl. B, Dung dich NaHSOs. C. Dung dich hdn hop NaNO: va HCl. D. Dung dich HNOs dc, nguéi. Cau 2: Nhiing vat bing dong dé lau ngay trong khéng khf 4m cé mat ciia CO2 sé bi bao phit bén ngoai bing lép mang A.ddng(it) oxit, B. déng(il) hidroxit. €. dong (IN)cacbonat. D. dng cacbonat bazo. ‘Cau 3: Din khi HS qua dung dich Cu(NOs): thi hign twong xay ra la A. Khdng cé hién tugng, B.cé két ta den, C.c6 két tha trang. D.cé két tia mau vang. C4u 4: Phan tg nao ding diéu ché CuCl: trong cong nghiép? A.Cu+HCl (4, t2), B.Cu(OH). + HCL. C.Cu+02+HCIQ). D.cu0 + Hc. 360 LE DANG KHUONG - NGUYEN XUAN TRUONGCHUONG 8: CROM - SAT - BONG Cau 5: Phuong phap digu ché kim logi Cu cé 4 tinh khiét cao tir khong chat malachit (Cu(OH)2.CuC0s) Ia A. Cu(OH}2.Cuco; —##> dung dich CuCl, —™> Cu B, Cu(OH)2.CuCOs “2-5 dung dich CuClz “> Cu .Cu(OH};,.Cuco; —“> cuo "> cu D.Cu(OH)z.cuco, —-» cud "> cu Cu 6: Phuong phap nao tinh ché ding thé thanh dng tinh kniét? A. Dign phan ndng chay dng tho. B, Ho’ tan dong thé rdi dién phan dung dich muéi dong. C. Dign phan dung dich CuSO, véi anot la Cu thé. D. Ngam dng thé trong dung djch HCI 4é hoa tan hét tap chat. Cau 7: Hién tueng xy ra khi dua mét day ng manh, dugc wén 10 xo, ndng dé vao lo dug thiy tinh chia kh clo, 6 dudi day cé mét lop nuéc méng? A, Day dng khong chay. B. Day dng chay manh, c6 khéi mau nau. C. Day dng ch4y manh, c6 khoi mau nau, khi khéi tan, lop nuéc 6 day lo cé mau xanh nhat. D. Day dng chdy manh, c6 khéi mau nau, khi khéi tan, lop nude & day lo c6é mau nau ad. Cau 8: Truong hop xdy ra phan ting la A.Cu + Pb(NOs)2 (loang) > B.Cu+HCl (loang) > C.Cu + H2804 (loang) D.Cu + HCI (loang) +02 > Cau 9: Cho so a9 chuyén hoa sau Mui X > Ran Xi —> Ran Xz “525 xX, "> Fe(NO,)}, Cac chat X, X1, Xa va X3Tan lugt la A. Cu(NOs)2, CuO, Cu va FeCh. B. Fe(NOs)z, FeO, Fe va FeCh. €. Cu(NOs)2, Cu20, Cu va FeCl D, Fe(NOs)s, FeO, Fe va FeCh. Cau 10: Khi cho CO dur vao binh dyng CuO nung néng thi c6 hién twong: A, chat ran tir mau 46 chuyén sang mau den. B. chat rn tir miu den chuyén sang mau 46. , chat rén tiv mau trang chuyén sang mau den, D. chat rin tiv mau tring chuyén sang mau 6. DAP AN 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 B D B c A c Cc D A B LE DANG KHUONG - NGUYEN XUAN TRUONG 361CHUONG 8: CROM - SAT - BONG HUONG DAN GIAE cau 4: Cac phuong trinh héa hoc: Cu + 2FeCls > CuCl + 2FeCle 3Cu+2NO; +8H*—>3Cu™ +2NO*+4H,0 Cu + 4HINOs age > Cu(NOs)2 + 2NOzt + 2H20 > Dap an B cau2: Trong khéng khi 4m, voi sy c6 mat clia C02, dng bj bao phi béi lp mang cacbonat bazo mau xanh CuCOs.Cu(OH)2 (SGK 12 nang cao - trang 210). > Bap AnD Cau 3: Phuong trinh héa hoc: H2S + Cu{NOs)2~» CuSd¢mauden) + 2HNO3 > Dap anB cau 4: ‘Trong cong nghiép ding phan img sau dé diéu ché CuCh: 2Cu+ O2 + 4HCi(i) + 2CuCie +220 > Dap anc Cau 5: Phuong phap diéu ché Cu c6 d9 tinh khiét cao tir khodng chat malachit 18 Cu(OH}2.CuCOs + 4HC1— 2CuCl + COzt + 3H:0 CuCl, > Cu+ Clot > Dap ana Cau 6: Dé thu duge dng tinh khiét tir dng thé ding phuong phdp dign phan dung dich CuSO, v6i anot 18 Cu thd, (Qua trinh xay ra tal cdc dién ce: Tal catot (cre Am) Tai anot (ce dweng) Cut (dd) +2e 3 Cu) Cu (1) > Cur (dd) + 2e + Cu bam trén bé mat catot Anot dn bj héa tan Phuong trinh dign phan: Cale) + Cu? (dd) —e cu (ad) + cats Anot Catot > Dap anc 362 LE DANG KHUONG - NGUYEN XUAN TRUONGCHUONG 8: CROM - SAT - DONG cau 7: ‘Ta cé phuong trinh héa hoc: Cut Cle > CuCle Dung dich muéi dng ¢6 mau xanh = Bap an cau 8: ¥ Cucé tinh khér yéu hon Pb + Cu khong phan tmg voi dung dich Pb(NOs)2. Y Cu dieng sau H trong day hoat déng hod hoc = Cu khOng phan tng voi dung dich HCI va H2S0. lodng. Y Tacé phuong trinh héa hoc: 2Cu + 4HCl + 02 > 2CuCh + 2H20 > Dap nD cau 9: Ta cé6 cdc phurong trinh héa hoc 2Cu(NOs}2 > 2Cu0 + 4NOzT + O.T x X CuO + Hz —"> Cu + H20 X Xo Cu + 2FeCls -> CuCl + 2FeCls X Xe FeCl, + 3AgNOs ~» Fe(NOs}s + 2AgCl! + Agt > Dap anA ~ Cau 10: Ta cé phwong trinh héa hoc: CO + Cu —“-> Cu +COz mauden mau dd = Dap anB Chtic mirng em da hoan thanh tét bai luyén tap chwong crom - sit - dong Dui day Ia bai kiém tra tong hop! BAL KIEM TRA Cau 4: Céc $6 oxi héa thudng gp cla crom 1a, AL +2, +4, +6, B.+2,+3,+ 6. C. +1, +3, +6. ‘iD, +3, +4, +6. Cau 2: Dé phan biét duge Cr20s, Cr(OH)e chi can ding A, H2SO4 loang. B.HCL Cc. NaOH. ‘1D. HNO3. Cau 3: Phuong phap thu duge Cu tinh khiét nat tir CuCOs.Cu(OH)2 18 ‘A,CuCOs.Cu(OH), > Cud M25 cu B. CuCOs.Cu(OH}: “+ dung dich CuCh > Cu LB DANG KHUONG - NGUYEN XUAN TRUONG 363CHUONG 8: CROM - SAT- BONG €,CuCOs.Cu(OH): "> dung dich CuCl. > Cu D, CuCO:.Cu(OH}, "> Cu(OH)2 “> Cuo —™5 cu Cau 4: Cho vao dng nghiém mét vai tinh thé KeCrz07 sau d6 thém tiép khoang 1 ml nuéc va Jac du, thu duoc dung dich X. Thém vai giot dung dich KOH vao X, thu duoc dung dich Y. Hai dung dich X va Yin gt cé mau A. da cam va vang. B. vang va da cam. €.d6 ndu va vang. D. vang va dé nau. Cau 5: Cho sod chuyén hod gitta cdc hop chat cia crom Cr(OH)s 4 > x —AlCusHOHD yas. , 7 _ sie oths04) Cae chat X, ¥, Z, T theo ther ty 1a A.K2Cr0¢; KCrO3; KaCr207; Cre(S04)s. B. KCrOz3 KpCr207; KeCr04; Cre(S04}s- €.KCr03; KaCr07; KrCr04; CSOs, D.KCrO2; KaCrO4; KeCr2075 Cre(SO4) Cau 6: Phat biéu nao sau day khong ding? A, Trong méi trung kiém, mudi Cr(Hll) ¢6 tinh khik va bj céc chét oxi hod manh chuyén thanh mudi Cr(vi), B. Do Pb%/Pb diimg trudc 2H*/Hs trong day dién hod nén Pb d& dang phan img v6i dung dich HCl loang ngudi, gidi phong khi Ha, €. CuO nung néng khi tac dung v6i NHs hoc CO, déu thu duge Cu. D. Ag khong phan tg voi dung dich HeSO, loang nhung phan tg véi dung dich H2S0s dic, néng. Cau 7 Phat biéu nao sau day ding? ‘A. Gang la hop kim cita st voi cacbon trong a6 cacbon chiém 5 ~ 10%, B. Thép la hop kim cia s4t véi cacbon trong @é cacbon chiém 2 - 5%. . Nguyén tc san xudt gang 1a khir quang st bing cdc chat khir nh CO, Ho, Al, .. D, Nguyén tac san xuat thép Ia oxi hoa cdc tap chét (C, Si, Mn, S, P, ...) thanh oxit, nhim gidm ham hrong cia ching. Cau 8: Cac vat dung bing dng khi dé lau trong khOng khi 4m thurong bj bao phi bai mét lop mang mau xanh. Hién tong nay la do ‘A. dng téc dung véi hoi nuéc trong kh6ng khi am tao thanh Cu(OH)2 mau xanh. B. dong bj oxi hod bdi oxi khéng Khf tgo ra CuO (en), CuO tac dung voi hoi nuéc tao ra Cu(OH)2 mau xanh. C. tren bE mat ding bao phi bei. mét lop mang oxit CuO, CuO téc dung vbi CO2 tao ra CuCOs mau xanh, D. trong khéng khf 4m, v6i sy c6 mat ciia khf CO», trén bé mat ddng bi bao phii béi métlép ‘mang cacbonat bazo mau xanh (Cu(OH)2.CuC03). Cau 9: Dung dich Cu(N02)z tac dung v6i chat nao sau day cho két tita mau den? ALSO. B.NaOH. C. Fex(S04)3. D.HRS. Cau 10: Thyc hién cdc thi nghiém sau (a) Cho Ba vo dung dich CuSO, du. (b) Din phan dung dich NaCl. 364 LE BANG KHUONG - NGUYEN XUAN TRUONG

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