Acide, Garey + Bvifers Devin nf- (OCR Advanced GCE in Chomistry 2816 4 January 2002 Untying concepts (b) (e) (a) te) (9) H’(aq) + OF (aq) —> H20( % a) [H*(@a) = Ky OH (ea)] = 4.0% 10-10.00750 = 1.33% 10" mol dm? Y pH =-logllt(aq)) Y= log 1.39% 10" = 11.0% 3) moles NaOH = 0.00760 x 20/1000 = 1.50x 10 mol i} snoles HCOOH = 1.50 x 10 mol Y” nm mass of formio acid in 20 ants = 4.50 x 10x 48 = 6.9.x 109 mass of formic acid in 1 ant = 6,9 x 10° /20 9 = 3.45 x 10% g Y 4% of formic acid = (3.45 x 1076.0 x 10-4 x 100 = 57.5% Y @ ()_partat dissociates V a) w H‘(aq)] x[HCOO (aq) [HCOOH(aq) n (iil) x = cite * = CooH(edI x4 Haq = Y¢(1.6x104) x (6.0%10%)} = 9.8 x 104 mol dm? pH =—log(H"(aq)} = “log 98x 104 = 30% 13 baking powder must be an alkalvbase OR baking powder noutralises acid inant bite ¥ HCOOH + NaHCO, —> HCOONa + CO, +H,0 ¥ a) vinegar is acidic Y and neulralises alkali in wasp sting 2] Total: 18] Page dors 2616 January 2002 2816Jan2002N8.doe ‘o71o272002OCR Advanced Subsidiary GCE in Chemistry 2841 June 2002 Untying concepts —————————— 3. (a) Empirical formula=C : H : O = 40.0/12 : 6.7/1 : 53.3/1 33 7 33 = CHOY mass CH,O = 30; M,= 90 -. molecular formula = CHO, BI (b) x, = HiewlAtal Heal y =" THA(@Q)] (HAG) Haq? 7 e12x 10% = “8 [H’(aq)] = ¥{(1.2 x 10%) x (1.5)} = 4.2 x 10° mol dm" v pH =-toglH"(aqy] Y= tog 42x 10° = 24/237 ¥ 4 marks: Ky oxpressionY; HY: pH expression’; calculation of pH from [H’] (ecf) ¥ Common error. Without square root, answer is 4.7/4.7447... ¥V¥* 4 (©) (A solution that minimises chengestesists change in pH after addtion of acidakalt NOT ‘maintains constant pH’ or ‘cancel out (1 (li) CHsCOOH = HY + CH.COO™/ CHsCOOH +H,0 = H,0* + CH;coo” YW tt (Ill) The weak acid or CHsCOOH reacts with added aikall/ added alkali reacts with HY V/ “The base or CH;COO™ reacts with added acid Direction of movement indicated for one change / indication of the products formed for one change Y {3] (a) effect on pH increases Y ‘explanation equilibrium —> left V H’ removed by CH,COO” ¥ 13] [Total: 15] Page 5 of 6 B16 June 2002 2816 Jun2002MS Final doc 2108/20023. (a) Acid is a proton/H" donor i Base is a proton/H* acceptor “ Conjugate acid has H’ more than conjugate base ¥” Equation showing acid-base pairs “ 2 acid-base pairs labelled correctly “ Dilute acid has small number of moles dissolved per volume ¥ Weak acid has partial dissociation ¥ a Quality of Written Communication Atleast two complete sentences that are legible and where the spelling, punctuation and grammar allow the meaning to be clear. At least one equation shown. ¥ m (b) (i) 1 [H*(aq)] {CN (aq) Ke THCNa@g) | (1 (ii | = Heo? : = Hay? = pHoN@ay = 4axt0 = HOE | TH*(aq)] = V4 (4.9 x 10") x (0.010)} = 2.2x10% mol dm? Y pH = -loglH"(aq)] = ~log 2.2 x 10° = 5.65/5.6015.7 V (accept calculator value) { (3) (Total: 42] Page 4 of 5(b) ® 0 Cc H oO 66.712 : WAT : 22.26 = 5.66 iy 14.1 i 1.39 = 4 iy 8 i 1 ‘empirical formula = CyHe0 ¥ 48 + 8 + 16 = 72 which is half of M, ‘Therefore molecular formula = CeHisO2 ¥ Structural formula = CHs(CH2)COOH ¥ (ii) caprylic acid is a longer molecule/contains more electrons ¥ caprylic acid has more van der Waals forces between molecules ¥ caprylic acid has a higher boiling point /is less volatile LH'G@q)] = Ke TOF (aq)] Y= 4.00 x 10"/0.500 = 2.00 x 10" mol dr? v pH = ~loglH"(aq)] = -log 2x 10 = 13.699 113.7 ¥ (calculator value: 13,69897) moles NaOH in 25.00 cm® = moles NaOH = 0.0125 mol Y moles A in 21.40 cm® = moles NaOH = 0.0125 mol ¥ moles A in 20 cm® = 0.0125 x 260/21.40 .146 mol / [A] = 0.584 mol dm? ¥ 0.146 mol A has a mass of 10.8 g molar mass of A = 10.8/0.146 = 74. mol! ¥ Therefore A is propanoic acid / CHsCH,COOH ¥ Page 5 of 5 (4) [2 max] 3) 5 (Total: 14],2816/01 Mark Scheme 3. (a) (i) He + Clp —> 2HCIW (ii) CeHye + Cle —> CoHyCl + HOLY (b) (il) moles HCI = 8 x 15 = 120 mol ¥ volume HCI(g) = 120 x 24 = 2880 (dm*) ” {il} solution must be diluted by 8.00/0.0200 = 400 times ~ June 2003 (t) (i) (2 To 2.50 cm* of 8.00 mol dm” HClv add sufficient water to make 1 dm® of solution. (lll) pH= 4og('] v = 1.70 ¥ (c) ()_ Final pHis approx 11 / equivalence point <7 ¥ (li) volume of NH3(aq) that reacts is 15 om? amount of HCI used = 0.0200 x 20.00/1000 = 4 x 10 ‘concentration of NH3(aq) = 4 x 10 x 1000/15 = 0.0267 mol dmv? ¥ (iil) chlorophenol red ¥ pH range coincides with pH change during sharp rise OR pH 4-7 / coincides with equivalence point ~ (2 (2 1} [2] (2) [Total: 13]2816/01 Mark Scheme June 2003 4. (a) A solution that minimises changes in pH (after addition of acid/alkali) “ ium: HCOOH = HCOO- + H’ eq HCOOH and HCOO™ / weak acid and its conjugate base “ HCOOH reacts with added alkali / HCOOH + OH” —> H,0 + COO7 added alkali reacts with H' / H' + OH” > HOW" —+ HCOO™ J Equilibrium moves to right (to counteract change) HCOO™ reacts with added acid or H’ ¥ —> HCOOH / Equilibrium moves to left (to counteract change) ¥ (6) we: communicates in terms of relevant equilibrium ¥ (1) {b) For a buffer, K, = [H'] x {HCOOVIHCOOH] ¥ IH']= Kex [HCOOH|HCOO7] = 1.6 x 10% x 1/2.5 = 6.4 x 10° mol dm?y pH = -log(H"] = -log(6.4 x 10°) = 4.19/4.2 7 OR pH = pK, log [HCOOHJ[HCOO] ¥ pK. = 3.84 pH=38+04=4.2¥ NOTES 3.19 worth ¥ (incorrect power of 10) 3.4 worth 7 (use of [HCOOHI[HCOO}) [3] {Total: 10)2816/01 Mark Scheme June 2003 6 Ca c : oO = 31.3/40.1 18.712: §0.016v = 078 : 1.56 3.125 1 : 2 4 Empirical formula of Y = CaC,0, ¥ 2) mass of Ca in kidney stone = 2 x 31.3/100 = 0.626 gv moles of Ca in kidney stone = 0.626/40.1 = 0.0156 mol number of Ca” ions removed = 6.02 x 10” x 0.0156 = 9.39 x 10” ions ¥ 0.0156 mol Ca is 2 marks (molar mass 128.1 g mor") OR moles of Ca = 2/128.1 7 = 0.0156 mol ¥ number of Ca”* ions removed = 6.02 x 10” x 0.0156 = 9.39 x 10” ions ¥ For consequential marking of last point, must be evidence of moles x L 13] Molecular formula of X = H»C20, ~ Structural formula = (COOH): ¥ (2) Oxalic acid forms hydrogen bonds with water ¥ 2x O-H in structure / 2 x COOH groups / no hydrocarbon chain / diagram showing at least 2 H bonds with water per oxalic acid molecule 7 (2) [Total: 9]