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Enseignement de la Langue Arabe, niveau 5
Séance 1
-1ﺍﻟﻜﺴﺮﺓ :ﰲ ﺍﳌﻔﺮﺩ ﻭﲨﻊ ﺍﻟﺘﻜﺴﲑ ﻭﲨﻊ ﺍﳌﺆﻧﺚ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﱂ :ﻛﺘﺒﺖ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺪﻓﺘ ﹺﺮ ) ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺪﻓﺎﺗ ﹺﺮ( ﺃﻭ )ﻋﻠﻰ
ﺕ(.
ﺍﻟﻠﻮﺣﺎ ِ
-2ﺍﻟﻴﺎﺀ :ﰲ ﺍﳌﺜﲎ ﻭﲨﻊ ﺍﳌﺬﻛﺮ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﱂ ﻭﺍﻷﲰﺎﺀ ﺍﳋﻤﺴﺔ :ﺗﻜﻠﻤﺖ ﻣﻊ ﺃﺧﺘﲔ ) ,ﻣﻊ ﺍﳌﺪﺭﺳﲔ() ,ﻣﻊ ﺃﺑﻴﻚ(.
-3ﺍﻟﻔﺘﺤﺔ :ﰲ ﺍﻷﲰﺎﺀ "ﺍﳌﻤﻨﻮﻋﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺼﺮﻑ" ﰲ ﺍﳌﻔﺮﺩ ﺃﻭ ﲨﻊ ﺍﻟﺘﻜﺴﲑ ,ﻭﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻷﲰﺎﺀ ﺍﳌﻤﻨﻮﻋﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺼﺮﻑ
ﺳﻨﺄﰐ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺷﺮﺣﻬﺎ ﻻﺣﻘﹰﺎ.
-4ﺍﻻﺳﻢ ﺍﳌﻌﺘﻞ ﺍﻵﺧﺮ ﺍﻻﺳﻢ ﺍﳌﻌﺘﻞ ﺍﻵﺧﺮ ﺑﺎﻷﻟﻒ ﺃﻭ ﺑﺎﻟﻴﺎﺀ ﳚﺮ ﺑﺎﻟﻜﺴﺮﺓ ﺍﳌﻘﺪﺭﺓ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺁﺧﺮﻩ) ,ﺍﻟﻌﺼﺎ ,ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺿﻲ(.
ﺃﺣﺮﻑ ﺍﳉﺮ:
ﺃﺣﺮﻑ ﺍﳉﺮ ﻧﻮﻋﺎﻥ :ﺃﺣﺮﻑ ﺟﺮ ﺃﺻﻠﻴﺔ ﻻ ﳝﻜﻦ ﺍﻻﺳﺘﻐﻨﺎﺀ ﻋﻨﻬﺎ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻜﻼﻡ ﻭ ﺃﺣﺮﻑ ﺟﺮ ﺯﺍﺋﺪﺓ.
-2ﻟﻠﺘﺒﻌﻴﺾ :ﺃﻱ ﻣﺎ ﻳﻔﻴﺪ ﻣﻌﲎ ﺍﳉﺰﺀ ﻭﳝﻜﻦ ﺃﻥ ﻧﻀﻊ ﻣﻜﺎﻬﻧﺎ "ﺑﻌﺾ" )ﺃﻛﻠﺖ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻄﻌﺎﻡ" ،ﺑﻌﺾ"(.
-3ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻥ :ﻛﺜﲑًﺍ ﻣﺎ ﺗﻘﻊ ﺑﻌﺪ "ﻣﺎ" ﺃﻭ "ﻣﻬﻤﺎ" ﻭﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﻣﺎ ﺑﻌﺪﻫﺎ ﺑﻴﺎﻧًﺎ ﺗﻮﺿﻴﺤﻴﺎ ﻟﻜﻼﻡ ﻣﺒﻬﻢ ﳌﺎ ﻗﺒﻠﻬﺎ) :ﻣﻬﻤﺎ ﺗﺄﺗِﻨﺎ
ﺑﻪ ﻣﻦ ﺁﻳ ٍﺔ(.
-4ﺍﻟﺘﻌﻠﻴﻞ :ﻟﺸﺮﺡ ﺳﺒﺐ ﺣﺼﻮﻝ ﺷﻲﺀ ﻣﺎ )ﳑﺎ ﺧﻄﻴﺌﺘﻬﻢ ﺃﻏﺮﻗﻮﺍ ﺃﻱ ﺑﺴﺒﺐ ﺧﻄﻴﺌﺘﻬﻢ ﺃﻏﺮﻗﻮﺍ(.
-1ﻟﻠﺪﻻﻟﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻧﺘﻬﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﻐﺎﻳﺔ )ﺁﺧﺮﻫﺎ ﺃﻭ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺁﺧﺮﻫﺎ ﺇﻥ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺯﻣﺎﻧًﺎ ﺃﻭ ﻣﻜﺎﻧًﺎ( :ﺳﺎﻓﺮﺕ ﺇﱃ ﺑﲑﻭﺕ ,ﻧـﻤﺖ ﺇﱃ
ﺍﻟﻌﺼﺮ.
* ﺣﱴ :ﻫﻲ ﺣﺮﻑ ﻋﻄﻒ ﺃﻭ ﺣﺮﻑ ﺟﺮ ﺇﺫﺍ ﺩﺧﻠﺖ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻻﺳﻢ ,ﺃﻣﺎ ﺇﺫﺍ ﺩﺧﻠﺖ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻔﻌﻞ ﻓﺈﻬﻧﺎ ﺗﻜﻮﻥ ﺣﺮﻑ
ﻧﺼﺐ.
ﺗﺴﺘﻌﻤﻞ "ﺣﱴ":
-3ﻭﺗﺄﰐ ﲟﻌﲎ "ﻋﻦ" :ﺇﺫﺍ ﺭﺿﻴﺖ ﻋﻠ ّﻲ ﻓﺄﻧﺎ ﺳﻌﻴﺪ ﺑﺮﺿﺎﻙ ﺃﻱ ﺭﺿﻴﺖ ﻋﲏ.
-5ﻭﺗﺄﰐ ﲟﻌﲎ "ﰲ" :ﺩﺧﻞ ﺍﳊﺮﺍﻣﻲ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺣﲔ ﻏﻔﻠﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺃﺻﺤﺎﺏ ﺍﳌﻨﺰﻝ ﺃﻱ ﰲ ﻏﻔﻠﺔ.
-6ﻭﺗﺄﰐ ﲟﻌﲎ "ﻣﻦ" :ﺍﻟﺬﻳﻦ ﺇﺫﺍ ﺍﻛﺘﺎﻟﻮﺍ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﻳﺴﺘﻮﻓﻮﻥ ﺃﻱ ﺇﺫﺍ ﺍﻛﺘﺎﻟﻮﺍ ﻣﻨﻬﻢ.
* ﺍﻟﻼﻡ :ﺗﺴﺘﻌﻤﻞ ﻛـ :ﺣﺮﻑ ﺟﺮ ﻭﺗﺄﰐ ﻣﻜﺴﻮﺭﺓ ﻣﻊ ﻛﻞ ﺍﺳﻢ ﻇﺎﻫﺮ )ﻟِﻌﻠﻲ ِّ,ﻟِﺮﺍﻣﻲ( .ﻭﻟﻜﻨﻬﺎ ﺗﻜﻮﻥ ﻣﻔﺘﻮﺣﺔ
ﻣﻊ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻐﺎﺙ )ﻳﺎ ﻟﹶﻠﺴﻤﺎﺀ( ﻭﻣﻊ ﻛﻞ ﺿﻤﲑ )ﻟﻨﺎ ,ﻟﻜﻢ ,ﳍﻦ(...
* ﻭﺍﻭ ﺍﻟﻘﺴﻢ :ﻭﻫﻲ ﺗﺪﺧﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳌﻘﺴﻢ ﺑﻪ :ﻭﺣﻘِﻚ ﻷﺟﻠﺐ ﻟﻚ ﻫﺪﻳﺔ ﻋﻨﺪ ﳒﺎﺣﻚ.
* ﺗﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﻘﺴﻢ :ﻻ ﺗﺴﺘﻌﻤﻞ ﺇﻻ ﻣﻊ ﻟﻔﻆ ﺍﳉﻼﻟﺔ "ﺍﷲ" :ﺗﺎﷲ ﻟﻦ ﻳﻀﻴﻊ ﺍﳊﻖ ﺍﳌﻐﺘﺼﺐ.
* ُﺭﺏّ:
ﺏ ﻓﺘﺎﺓ ﰲ ﺍﳌﺘﺠﺮ.
-1ﺣﺮﻑ ﺟﺮ ﻻ ﳚﺮ ﺇﻻ ﻧﻜﺮﺓ :ﺭ ﱠ
ﺏ.
-2ﻭﻗﺪ ﲣﻔﹼﻒ :ﺭ ْ
-3ﺇﺫﺍ ﺍﺗﺼﻠﺖ ﻬﺑﺎ "ﻣﺎ" ﻓﺈﻬﻧﺎ ﺗﻜﻒ ﻋﻤﻠﻬﺎ ﻭﺗﺴﺘﻄﻴﻊ ﺣﻴﻨﺌ ٍﺬ ﺃﻥ ﺗﺪﺧﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﺳﻢ ﻣﻌﺮﻓﺔ ﺃﻭ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻓﻌﻞ :ﺭﲟﺎ ﺍﻟﻄﻔﻠﺔ
ﻧﺎﺋﻤﺔ ,ﺃﻭ ﺭﲟﺎ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﺗﻠﻌﺐ ﰲ ﻏﺮﻓﺘﻬﺎ.
* ﻣ ْﻨ ﹸﺬ ﻭﻣﺬ :ﳘﺎ ﺣﺮﻓﺎ ﺟﺮ ﺇﺫﺍ ﺩﺧﻼ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﺳﻢ ﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﻭﻳﻜﻮﻧﺎﻥ ﲟﻌﲎ "ﻣﻦ" ﺇﺫﺍ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﺰﻣﻦ ﻣﺎﺿﻴًﺎ :ﻣﺎ ﺷﺮﺑﺖ ﻣﺎ ًﺀ
ﻣﻨﺬ ﺍﻟﺼﺒﺎﺡ ,ﻭﺗﻜﻮﻧﺎﻥ ﲟﻌﲎ "ﰲ" ﺇﺫﺍ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﺰﻣﻦ ﺣﺎﺿﺮًﺍ :ﻣﺎ ﺭﺃﻳﺘﻪ ﻣﻨﺬ ﺍﻟﻴﻮﻡ.
* ﺧﻼ -ﻋﺪﺍ -ﺣﺎﺷﺎ :ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻷﺣﺮﻑ ﻗﺪ ﺳﺒﻖ ﺷﺮﺣﻬﺎ ﻋﻨﺪ ﺩﺭﺍﺳﺔ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﺜﲎ.
* ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺀ :ﻭﺗﺄﺗﻰ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺀ ﺯﺍﺋﺪﺓ ﰲ ﺧﱪ ﻟﻴﺲ ﻭﻓﺎﻋﻞ ﻛﻔﻰ :ﻟﻴﺲ ﺍﳍﺮﻭﺏ ﺑﺸﺠﺎﻋ ٍﺔ ,ﻛﻔﻰ ﺑﺎﷲ ﺷﻬﻴﺪًﺍ ...ﻭﻳﻌﺮﺏ ﺍﻻﺳﻢ
ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻳﻠﻴﻪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻧﻪ ﳎﺮﻭﺭ ﻟﻔﻈﹰﺎ ﻭﻟﻜﻨﻪ ﻳﻌﺮﺏ ﺣﺴﺐ ﻭﻗﻮﻋﻪ ﰲ ﺍﳉﻤﻠﺔ.
ﻣﻼﺣﻈﺔ :
-1ﺇﺫﺍ ﺃﺯﺑﺪﺕ "ﻣﺎ" ﻋﻠﻰ " ﻣﻦ ﻭ ﻋﻦ ﻭﺍﻟﺒﺎﺀ" ﻓﺈﻬﻧﺎ ﻻ ﺗﺒﻄﻞ ﻋﻤﻠﻬﻢ :ﳑﺎ ﺧﻄﻴﺌﺘﻬﻢ ﺍﻏﺮﻗﻮﺍ.
ﳉ ْﻤﻊُ
ﺍﹶ ﺍ ﹸﳌﹶﺜﻨﱠﻰ ﺍﳌﹸ ﹾﻔ َﺮﺩُ
ﺤ
َﻧ ْ ﺤ
َﻧ ْ
ﻧﹺـ ﹾﻠـﻨَﺎ ﻧﹺـ ﹾﻠـﻨَﺎ ﺖ
ﻧﹺـ ﹾﻠـ ُ ﺍ ﳌﹸ ﺘَ ﻜﹶ ﻠﱢ ﻢُ ﹶﺃﻧَﺎ
ﹸﻥ ﹸﻥ
ﻧﹺـ ﹾﻠـُﺘ ْﻢ ﹶﺃْﻧُﺘ ْﻢ ﻧﹺـ ﹾﻠـُﺘﻤَﺎ ﺖ ﹶﺃْﻧُﺘﻤَﺎ
ﻧﹺـ ﹾﻠـ َ ﺍ ﳌﹸ ﺨَ ﺎ ﻃﹶ ﺐُ ﹶﺃْﻧ َ
ﺖ
ﺍﳌﹶﺎﺿِــﻲ
ﻧﹺـ ﹾﻠـُﺘﻦﱠ ﺃْﻧُﺘﻦﱠ ﻧﹺـ ﹾﻠـُﺘﻤَﺎ ﺖ ﹶﺃْﻧُﺘﻤَﺎ
ﻧﹺـ ﹾﻠـ ِ ﺍ ﳌﹸ ﺨَ ﺎ ﻃﹶ ﺒَ ﺔُ ﹶﺃْﻧ ِ
ﺖ
ﻧَـﺎﹶﻟﻮﺍ ُﻫ ْﻢ ﻧَـﺎﹶﻟﺎ ُﻫﻤَﺎ ﻧَـﺎ ﹶﻝ ﺍ ﻟ ﻐَ ﺎ ﺋِ ﺐُ ﻫُ َﻮ
ﻧَـ ﹾﻠـ َﻦ ُﻫﻦﱠ ﻧَـﺎﹶﻟـﺘَﺎ ﺖ ُﻫﻤَﺎ
ﻧَـﺎﹶﻟـ ْ ﺍ ﻟ ﻐَ ﺎ ﺋِ ﺒَ ﺔُ ِﻫ َﻲ
ﳉ ْﻤﻊُ
ﺍﹶ ﺍ ﹸﳌﹶﺜﻨﱠﻰ ﺍﳌﹸ ﹾﻔ َﺮﺩُ
ﻧَـﻨَـﺎﻝﹸ ﺤﻦُ
َﻧ ْ ﻧَـﻨَـﺎﻝﹸ ﺤﻦُ
َﻧ ْ ﹶﺃ ﻧَـﺎﻝﹸ ﺍ ﳌﹸ ﺘَ ﻜﹶ ﻠﱢ ﻢُ ﹶﺃﻧَﺎ
ﺗَـﻨَﺎﹸﻟـﻮ ﹶﻥ ﹶﺃْﻧُﺘ ْﻢ ﺗَـﻨَﺎ ﹶﻻ ِﻥ ﺗَـﻨَـﺎﻝﹸ ﹶﺃْﻧُﺘﻤَﺎ ﺍ ﳌﹸ ﺨَﺎ ﻃﹶﺐُ ﹶﺃْﻧ َ
ﺖ
ﺍ ﹸﳌﻀَﺎ ﹺﺭﻉُ ﺍ ﹶﳌ ْﺮﻓﹸﻮ ُ
ﺗَـﻨَـ ﹾﻠـ َﻦ ﺃْﻧُﺘﻦﱠ ﺗَـﻨَﺎ ﹶﻻ ِﻥ ﲔ ﹶﺃْﻧُﺘﻤَﺎ ﺍ ﳌﹸ ﺨَﺎ ﻃﹶ ﺒَﺔُ ﹶﺃْﻧ ِ
ﺖ ﺗَـﻨَـﺎﻟﹸ َ
ـﻨﺎﹸﻟـﻮ ﹶﻥ
َﻳ َ ُﻫ ْﻢ َﻳـﻨَﺎ ﹶﻻ ِﻥ ﻳَـﻨَـﺎﻝﹸ ُﻫﻤَﺎ ﺍ ﻟ ﻐَ ﺎ ﺋِ ﺐُ ﻫُ َﻮ
ﻉ
ﳉ ْﻤﻊُ
ﺍﹶ ﺍ ﹸﳌﹶﺜﻨﱠﻰ ﺍﳌﹸ ﹾﻔ َﺮﺩُ
ﻧَﺎﻟﹸـﻮﺍ ﹶﺃْﻧُﺘ ْﻢ ﻧَﺎ ﹶﻻ ﹶﺃْﻧُﺘﻤَﺎ ﻧَـ ﹾﻞ ﺍ ﳌﹸ ﺨَﺎ ﻃﹶﺐُ ﹶﺃْﻧ َ
ﺖ
ﺍ َﻷ ْﻣﺮُ
ﻧﹺﻠـ َﻦ ﺃْﻧُﺘﻦﱠ ﻧَﺎ ﹶﻻ ﹶﺃْﻧُﺘﻤَﺎ ﻧَـﺎِﻟﻲ ﺍ ﳌﹸ ﺨَﺎ ﻃﹶ ﺒَﺔُ ﹶﺃْﻧ ِ
ﺖ
ﺍﳌﹶﺎﺿِــﻲ
َﻭﻋَـ ْﺪُﺗﻦﱠ ﺃْﻧُﺘﻦﱠ َﻭﻋَـ ْﺪُﺗﻤَﺎ ﹶﺃْﻧُﺘﻤَﺎ ﺕ
َﻭﻋَـ ْﺪ ِ ﺍ ﳌﹸ ﺨَ ﺎ ﻃﹶ ﺒَ ﺔُ ﹶﺃْﻧ ِ
ﺖ
َﻭﻋَـ ُﺪﻭﺍ ُﻫ ْﻢ َﻭﻋَـ َﺪﺍ ُﻫﻤَﺎ َﻭﻋَـ َﺪ ﺍ ﻟ ﻐَ ﺎ ﺋِ ﺐُ ﻫُ َﻮ
َﻭﻋَـ ْﺪ ﹶﻥ ُﻫﻦﱠ َﻭﻋَـ َﺪﺗَﺎ ُﻫﻤَﺎ ﺕ
َﻭﻋَـ ْﺪ ْ ﺍ ﻟ ﻐَ ﺎ ﺋِ ﺒَ ﺔُ ِﻫ َﻲ
ﳉ ْﻤﻊُ
ﺍﹶ ﺍ ﹸﳌﹶﺜﻨﱠﻰ ﺍﳌﹸ ﹾﻔ َﺮﺩُ
ﻧَـﻌِـ ُﺪ ﺤﻦُ
َﻧ ْ ﻧَـﻌِـ ُﺪ ﺤﻦُ
َﻧ ْ ﹶﺃ ﻋِـ ُﺪ ﺍ ﳌﹸ ﺘَ ﻜﹶ ﻠﱢ ﻢُ ﹶﺃﻧَﺎ
ﺗَـﻌِـ ُﺪﻭ ﹶﻥ ﹶﺃْﻧُﺘ ْﻢ ﺗَـﻌِـﺪﺍ ِﻥ ﹶﺃْﻧُﺘﻤَﺎ ﺗَـﻌِـ ُﺪ ﺍ ﳌﹸ ﺨَ ﺎ ﻃﹶ ﺐُ ﹶﺃْﻧ َ
ﺖ
ﳉ ْﻤﻊُ
ﺍﹶ ﺍ ﹸﳌﹶﺜﻨﱠﻰ ﺍﳌﹸ ﹾﻔ َﺮﺩُ
ﻋِـ ُﺪﻭﺍ ﹶﺃْﻧُﺘ ْﻢ ﻋِـﺪﺍ ﹶﺃْﻧُﺘﻤَﺎ ﻋِـ ْﺪ ﺍ ﳌﹸ ﺨَﺎ ﻃﹶ ﺐُ ﹶﺃْﻧ َ
ﺖ
ﺍ َﻷ ْﻣﺮُ
ﷲ
ﺤﱠﺒﺔﹸ ﺍ َﻷﺏُ َﻷ ْﻭ ﹶﻻ ِﺩ ِﻩ ﹺﻧ ْﻌ َﻤ ﹲﺔ ِﻣﻦ ﹺﻧ َﻌ ﹺﻢ ﺍ ِ
َﻣ َ
ﺤﱠﺒﺔﹸ ﺍﻷ ﱢﻡ....................................................................... َﻣ َ
Séance 4
ﺠ ﱡﺪ َ ،ﺑﻞﱠ َ ﻳَﺒﻞﱡ
ﺤ ﱡﺞ َ ،ﺟ ﱠﺪ َ ﻳ ﹺ
ﺸﻢﱡ َ ،ﺣ ﱠﺞ َ ﻳ ِ
َﺷ ﱠﻢ َ ﻳ ُ
ﺤ ﹶﺔ ﺍﻟ ﹸﻔ ّﹺﻞ
ُ .................ﻣﻨَﻰ ﺭَﺍِﺋ َ ﺤ ﹶﺔ ﺍﻟ ﹸﻔ ّﹺﻞ
َﺷ ﱠﻢ ُﺳ ﹾﻔﻴَﺎ ﹸﻥ ﺭَﺍِﺋ َ
ﺖ(
ﻀﻠِﻲ ) ................ ،ﹶﺃْﻧ ِ
َﺗ ﹶﻔ ﱠ َﻫ ﹾﻞ ﻳُ ْﻤ ِﻜﻦُ ﹶﺃ ﹾﻥ ﹶﺃ ُﻣﺮﱠ ؟
ف
ص ْر ِ ال َمـ ْمنُو ُ
ع ِم َن ال ﱠ
ﺴ َﺮ ِﺓ،
ﺿﺎ َﻋ ﹺﻦ ﺍﻟ ﹶﻜ ْ
ﺤ ِﺔ ِﻋ َﻮ ً
ﺠ ﱡﺮ ﹺﺑﺎﻟ ﹶﻔْﺘ َ
ﺤ ُﻖ ﺁ ِﺧ َﺮ ُﻩ ﺍﻟﱠﺘْﻨ ﹺﻮﻳ ُﻦ َ ،ﻭُﻳ َ
ﻑ ُ :ﻫ َﻮ ﹸﻛﻞﱡ ﺍ ْﺳ ﹴﻢ ﹶﻻ َﻳ ﹾﻠ َ ﺼ ْﺮ ِ ﻉ ِﻣ َﻦ ﺍﻟ ﱠ ﺍ ﹶﳌ ْﻤُﻨﻮ ُ
ﻑ َﻣﺎ َﻳِﻠﻲ : ﺼ ْﺮ ِ ﺾ ﹺﺇ ﱠﻻ ﹺﺑﺎﻟﱠﺘ ﹾﻘ َﻮﻯ "َ .ﻭ ُﻳ ْﻤَﻨ ُﻊ ِﻣ َﻦ ﺍﻟ ﱠ ﻕ َﺑْﻴ َﻦ ﹶﺃ ْﺳ َﻮ َﺩ َﻭ ﹶﺃْﺑَﻴ َ
ﺤ ُﻮ " :ﹶﻻ ﹶﻓ ْﺮ َ
َﻧ ْ
ﹶﺃﻭﱠ ﹰﻻ :ﺍﻟ َﻌ ﹶﻠـ ُﻢ :ﹺﺇ ﹶﺫﺍ ﹶﻛﺎ ﹶﻥ :
ﺤ ُﻮ َ :ﺣ ْﻤ َﺰﺓ ُ .ﻣ َﻌﺎ ﹺﻭَﻳ ﹸﺔ .ﹸﺃ َﺳﺎ َﻣ ﹸﺔ . ـﺎَ ،ﻧ ْ
1ـ َﻋﹶﻠ ًﻤﺎ ُﻣ َﺆﱠﻧﹰﺜﺎ :ﺃ( ﹶﻟ ﹾﻔ ِﻈﻴ ًّ
ﻼ ُﻡ .ﹶﺃ َﻣ ﹸﻞ.ﺤ ُﻮ ُ :ﺳ َﻌﺎ ُﺩ .ﹶﺃ ْﺣ ﹶ ﺏ( َﻣ ْﻌَﻨ ﹺﻮﻳﺎَ ،ﻧ ْ
ﺻ ْﺮﹸﻓ ُﻪ ﹶﺃ ْﻭ
ﺠﻮ ُﺯ َ
ﺤ ُﻮ ِ ) :ﻫْﻨ ُﺪ َ .ﺩ ْﻋ ُﺪ ( .ﹶﻓَﻴ ُ
ﻂَ ،ﻧ ْ ﻼِﺛﻴﺎ َﺳﺎ ِﻛ َﻦ ﺍﻟ َﻮ َﺳ ِ ﻱ َﻋ َﺮﹺﺑﻴﺎ ﹸﺛ ﹶ
ﺚ ﺍ ﹶﳌ ْﻌَﻨ ﹺﻮ ﱡ
* ﹺﺇ ﱠﻻ ﹺﺇ ﹶﺫﺍ ﹶﻛﺎ ﹶﻥ ﺍ ﹸﳌ َﺆﱠﻧ ﹸ
ﻑ.ﺼ ْﺮ ِ ﻑ ﹶﺃ ْﻭﻟﹶﻰ ِﻣ َﻦ ﺍﻟ ﱠ ﺼ ْﺮ ِ َﻣْﻨ ُﻌ ُﻪ ﹺﺇﻻﱠ ﹶﺃﻥﱠ َﻣْﻨ َﻊ ﺍﻟ ﱠ
ﺝ( ﻟﻔﻈﻴّﺎ ﻭﻣﻌﻨﻮﻳّﺎ ،ﳓﻮ :ﻓﺎﻃﻤﺔ .ﻟﻴﻠﻰ .ﻣﻴﺴﺎﺀ .
2ـ ﻋﻠﻤﺎ ﺃﻋﺠﻤﻴّﺎ ﺯﺍﺋﺪﺍ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺛﻼﺛﺔ ﺃﺣﺮﻑ ،ﳓﻮ :ﺇﺑﺮﺍﻫﻴﻢ .ﻟﻮﺭﻧﺲ .
* ﺃﻣّﺎ ﺇﺫﺍ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻢ ﺍﻷﻋﺠﻤﻲ ﺛﻼﺛﻴّﺎ ﺳﺎﻛﻦ ﺍﻟﻮﺳﻂ ﻓﻴﺠﻮﺯ ﺻﺮﻓﻪ ،ﳓﻮ ) :ﻧﻮﺡ .ﻣِﺼﺮ (
ﺇ ﹼﻻ ﺃ ﹼﻥ ﻣﻨﻊ ﺍﻟﺼّﺮﻑ ﺃﻭﱃ
3ـ ﻋﻠﻤﺎ ﻣﺮﻛﹼﺒﺎ ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺒﺎ ﻣﺰﺟّﻴﺎ ﻏﲑ ﳐﺘﻮﻡ ﺑـ ) ﻭﻳﻪ ( ،ﳓﻮ :ﺣﻀﺮﻣﻮﺕ .ﺑﻌﻠﺒﻚ .
4ـ ﻋﻠﻤﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻭﺯﻥ ﺍﻟﻔﻌﻞ ،ﳓﻮ :ﻳﺰﻳﺪ .ﺃﲪﺪ .ﺃﻛﺮﻡ .
5ـ ﻋﻠﻤﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻭﺯﻥ ) ﻓﹸـ َﻌﻞ ( ،ﳓﻮ :ﺯُﺣﻞ .ﻋُﻤﺮ .ﺩُﻟﻒ .
6ـ ﻋﻠﻤﺎ ﻣﻨﺘﻬﻴﺎ ﺑـ ) ﺃﻟﻒ ﻭ ﻧﻮﻥ ( ﺯﺍﺋﺪﺗﲔ ،ﳓﻮ :ﻣﺮﻭﺍﻥ .ﻋﺜﻤﺎﻥ .ﺳﻔﻴﺎﻥ .
1ـ ﺻﻔﺔ ﺃﺻﻠﻴﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻭﺯﻥ ) ﺃ ﹾﻓﻌَﻞ ( ﻭﻣﺆﻧّﺜﻬﺎ ) ﹶﻓﻌْﻼﺀ ( ،ﳓﻮ :ﺃﲪﻖ :ﲪﻘﺎﺀ.
ﻭﺇﺫﺍ ﺃﹸﻧﺜﺖ ﺑﺎﻟﺘﺎﺀ ﺍﳌﺮﺑﻮﻃﺔ ﱂ ﺗُﻤﻨﻊ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺼّﺮﻑ ،ﳓﻮ :ﺃﺭﻣﻞ :ﺃﺭﻣﻠﺔ .
2ـ ﺻﻔﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻭﺯﻥ ) ﹶﻓﻌْﻼﻥ ( ﻭﻣﺆﻧﺜﻬﺎ ) ﻓﻌْﻠﻰ ( ،ﳓﻮ :ﻋﻄﺸﺎﻥ :ﻋﻄﺸﻰ .
ﻭﺇﺫﺍ ﺃﹸﻧﺜﺖ ﺑﺎﻟﺘﺎﺀ ﺍﳌﺮﺑﻮﻃﺔ ﱂ ﺗُﻤﻨﻊ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺼّﺮﻑ ،ﳓﻮ :ﻧﻌﺴﺎﻥ :ﻧﻌﺴﺎﻧﺔ .
3ـ ﺻﻔﺔ ﻣُﺼﻮﻏﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻷﻋﺪﺍﺩ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻭﺯﻥ ) ﻓﹸﻌﺎﻝ َ ،ﻣﻔﻌَﻞ ( ،ﳓﻮ :ﻣﺜﲎ ،ﺛﻼﺙ ،ﺭﺑﺎﻉ .
4ـ ﻛﻠﻤﺔ ) ﺃﺧﺮ ( ﲨﻊ ) ﺃﹸﺧﺮﻯ ( ،ﳓﻮ ﻗﻮﻟﻪ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ :ﻓﻤﻦ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻣﻨﻜﻢ ﻣﺮﻳﻀﺎ ﺃﻭ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺳﻔﺮ ﻓﻌﺪّﺓ
ﻣﻦ ﺃﻳﺎ ﹴﻡ ﺃﺧ َﺮ ".
ﻭﻫﻮ ﻛ ﹼﻞ ﲨﻊ ﻭﺳﻄﻪ ﺃﻟﻒ ﺯﺍﺋﺪﺓ ﺑﻌﺪﻫﺎ ﺣﺮﻓﺎﻥ ﻣﺘﺤﺮﻛﺎﻥ ،ﺃﻭ ﺣﺮﻓﺎﻥ ﻣﺪﻏﻤﺎﻥ ،ﳓﻮ :ﻣﻨﺎﺑﺮ.
ﻣﺴﺎﺟﺪ .ﻣﻮﺍ ّﺩ .
ﺃﻭ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﻷﻟﻒ ﺍﻟﺰﺍﺋﺪﺓ ﺛﻼﺛﺔ ﺃﺣﺮﻑ ﺃﻭﺳﻄﻬﺎ ﺳﺎﻛﻦ ،ﳓﻮ :ﻗﻨﺎﺩﻳﻞ .ﻣﻴﺎﺩﻳﻦ .ﺩﻧﺎﻧﲑ .
ﺃﻭﻻ :ﺿﻊ ﺩﺍﺋﺮﺓ ﺣﻮﻝ ﺭﻣﺰ ﺍﻹﺟﺎﺑﺔ ﺍﻟﺼّﺤﻴﺤﺔ ﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﻳﻠﻲ :
1ـ ﻣﻦ ﺃﺑﺮﺯ ﲰﺎﺕ ﺍﳌﻤﻨﻮﻉ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺼّﺮﻑ ﺃﻧّﻪ :
ﺏ ـ ﻋﻼﻣﺔ ﺟﺮّﻩ ﺍﻟﻔﺘﺤﺔ . ﺃ ـ ﻋﻼﻣﺔ ﺟﺮّﻩ ﺍﻟﻜﺴﺮﺓ .
ﺩ ـ ﻳﻈﻬﺮ ﺍﻟﺘﻨﻮﻳﻦ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺁﺧﺮﻩ . ﺝ ـ ﻳﻌﺮﺏ ﲝﺮﻛﺎﺕ ﻣﻘﺪّﺭﺓ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺁﺧﺮﻩ .
3ـ ﺃﺣﺪ ﺍﻷﻋﻼﻡ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﳚﻮﺯ ﺻﺮﻓﻪ ،ﻭﳚﻮﺯ ﻣﻨﻌﻪ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺼﺮﻑ :
ﺃ ـ ﺳﻌﺎﺩ .ﺏ ـ ﻗﺮﻳﺶ .ﺝ ـ ﻣُﻀﺮ .ﺩ ـ َﻣﺼْﺮ .
7ـ ﻛﻠﻤﺔ ) ﺃﲪﺪ ( ﰲ ﺇﺣﺪﻯ ﺍﻟﻌﺒﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﻟﻴﺴﺖ ﳑﻨﻮﻋﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺼﺮﻑ ،ﻭﻫﻲ :
ﺏ ـ ﺍﻟﺘﻘﻴﺖ ﺑﺄﲪﺪ ﰲ ﺍﳌﻌﺮﺽ . ﺃ ـ ﺃﲪﺪ ﻫﻞ ﺯﺭﺗﻪ ؟
ﺩ ـ ﺃ ﲪﺪ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺳﻼﻣﺘﻚ . ﺝ ـ ﺃ ﲪﺪ ﺳﻌﻴﺪ ﺑﺰﻳﺎﺭﺗﻚ .
8ـ ﺃﺣﺪ ﺍﻷﻋﻼﻡ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﻋﻠﻢ ﻣﺮﻛﺐ ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺒﺎ ﻣﺰﺟﻴﺎ ،ﻫﻮ :
ﺃ ـ ﺗﻘ ّﻲ ﺍﻟﺪﻳﻦ .ﺏ ـ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﻟﺼﺒﻮﺭ .ﺝ ـ ﺭﺍﻡ ﺍﷲ .ﺩ ـ ﻋﺒﺪﺍﷲ .
9ـ ﺍﻟﺼﻔﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻭﺯﻥ ) ﺃﻓﻌﻞ ( ﻣﺆﻧﺜﻬﺎ ) ﻓﻌﻼﺀ ( ﺇﻻ ﻭﺍﺣﺪﺓ ﻫﻲ :
ﺃ ـ ﺃﺟﺮﺩ .ﺏ ـ ﺃﻓﻀﻞ .ﺝ ـ ﺃﻏ ّﺮ .ﺩ ـ ﺃﻫﻴﻒ .