Kovaipudur, Coimbatore - 641042

A Project Report
on

Electro Chemical Cell

For
AISSCE 2020 Examination
[As a part of the Chemistry Course]

SUBMITTED BY
A.Vaidyanathan
Roll No…….
Under the Guidance of:
Mr. Anil Kumar
PGT (Chemistry)
 CERTIFICATE
This is to certify that the Project / Dissertation entitled
Electro chemical cell is a bonafide work done by Master
A.Vaidyanathan of class XII-E Session 2019-20 in partial
fulfillment of AISSCE’s Examination 2020 and has been
carried out under my direct supervision and guidance.
This report or a similar report on the topic has not been
submitted for any other examination and does not form a
part of any other course undergone by the candidate.

Signature of Student Signature of Teacher/Guide

Name:A.Vaidyanathan Name: Mr.. Anil Kumar

Roll No.: …………………… Designation: PGT (Chemistry)

Place:……………. ……….…………………
Date:…………….. Signature of Principal
Name: Mr. Neil Guha

………………………………… …………………………………..
Signature of Internal Examiner Signature of External Examiner
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

I undertook this Project work, as the part of my XII-Chemistry course. I

had tried to apply my best of knowledge and experience, gained during the
study and class work experience.
I would like to extend my sincere thanks and gratitude to my teacher
Mr. Anil Kumar. I am very much thankful to our Principal,
Mr. Neil Guha for giving valuable time and moral support to develop this
project.
I would like to take the opportunity to extend my sincere thanks and
gratitude to my uncle parents for being a source of inspiration and
providing time and freedom to develop this Biology project.
I also feel indebted to all my friends for the valuable suggestions during
the project work.

A.Vaidyanathan
Class XII
 Abstract
An electrochemical cell is a device capable of either
deriving electrical energy from chemical reactions or facilitating
chemical reactions through the introduction of electrical energy.
A common example of an electrochemical cell is a standard 1.5-
volt "battery". (Actually a single "Galvanic cell"; a battery
properly consists of multiple cells, connected in either parallel
or series pattern.)
The lemon battery is similar to the first electrical
battery invented in 1800 by Alessandro Volta, who
used brine (salt water) instead of lemon juice. The lemon
battery is described in some textbooks in order to illustrate the
type of chemical reaction (oxidation-reduction) that occurs in
batteries. The zinc and copper are called the electrodes, and the
juice inside the lemon is called the electrolyte. There are many
variations of the lemon cell that use different fruits (or liquids)
as electrolytes and metals other than zinc and copper as
electrodes. Batteries are used to illustrate the connection
between chemistry and electricity as well as to deepen the circuit
concept for electricity. The fact that different chemical elements
such as copper and zinc are used can be placed in the larger
context that the elements do not disappear or break down when
they undergo chemical reactions. Batteries serve to illustrate the
principles of oxidation-reduction reactions.
 THEORY
This model of the chemical reactions makes several predictions
that were examined in experiments published by Jerry
Goodisman in 2001. Goodisman notes that numerous recent
authors propose chemical reactions for the lemon battery that
involve dissolution of the copper electrode into the electrolyte.
Goodisman excludes this reaction as being inconsistent with the
experiments, and notes that the correct chemistry, which
involves the evolution of hydrogen at the copper electrode, has
been known for many years. When the electrolyte was modified
by adding zinc sulfate (ZnSO4), the voltage from the cell was
reduced as predicted using the Nernst equation for the model.
The Nernst equation essentially says how much the voltage
drops as more zinc sulfate is added. The addition of copper
sulfate (CuSO4) did not affect the voltage. This result is
consistent .When the battery is hooked up to an external circuit
and a significant electrical current is flowing, the zinc electrode
loses mass, as predicted by the zinc oxidation reaction above.
Similarly, hydrogen gas evolves as bubbles from the copper
electrode. Finally, the voltage from the cell depended upon the
acidity of the electrolyte, as measured by its pH; decreasing
acidity (and increasing pH) causes the voltage to fall. This
effect is also predicted by the Nernst equation; the particular
acid that was used (citric, hydrochloric, sulfuric, etc.) doesn't
affect the voltage except through the pH value.
The Nernst equation prediction failed for strongly acid
electrolytes (pH < 3.4), when the zinc electrode dissolves into
the electrolyte even when the battery is not providing any
current to a circuit. The two oxidation-reduction reactions
listed above only occur when electrical charge can be
transported through the external circuit. The additional, open-
circuit reaction can be observed by the formation of bubbles at
the zinc electrode under open-circuit. This effect ultimately
limited the voltage of the cells to 1.0 V near room temperature
at the highest levels of acidity.
Energy source The energy comes from the chemical change in
the zinc (or other metal) when it dissolves into the acid. The
energy does not come from the lemon or potato. The zinc
is oxidized inside the lemon, exchanging some of its electrons
with the acid in order to reach a lower energy state, and the
energy released provides the power. In current practice, zinc is
produced by electron winning of ZnSO4 or pyrometallurgic
reduction of zinc with carbon, which requires an energy input.
The energy produced in the lemon battery comes from reversing
this reaction, recovering some of the energy input during the
zinc production.
 EXPERIMENTAL WORK

MATERIAL REQUIRED
1. DISTILLED WATER, COLDRINK, SALT WATER
2. CONNECTING WIRE
3. COPPER AND ZINC STRIPS
4. DIGITAL CLOCK

PROCEDURE
 Assemble a “connection pair” by connecting the wire carefully thread the
wire’s exposed metallic end through the holes on the plate. Gently twist wire
to secure it to the plate.
 Afterwards, connect the black wire from the LCD clock (negative) to one of
the zinc plate. Then connect red wire from LCD clock (positive) to piece of
copper plate. Now all the components are connected
 Insert the copper and zinc plates into salt water such that the metallic strips
do not touch each other. The clock now starts to work.
 Repeat this experiment with distilled water & coldrink.
 OBSERVATION
As soon as we connect the wires and put the key on electricity
generated by the fruit juice flows through the clock, making the clock run in
case of salt water and coldrink. The clock does not work when the rods are
immersed in distilled water as no current flows.
 Result/conclusion
The metal strips and liquid make a simple battery that creates the electricity to
operate the clock. Salty water and coldrink work as a device called
electrochemical cell. It converts the chemical energy stored in the metal strips
into strips into electrical energy.
A cell works because of the chemical properties of the metals inside (in this case
the copper and zinc). The different properties cause tiny particles charged with
electricity (ions) to move between the two strips of metal. This flow is an
electric current. The liquid which conduct electricity contains the particles that
allow the current to flow, but it stops the metals touching. Electric current also
flows along the wire between the zinc and copper strips & the clock. This
current makes the clock run.
SALT WATER: The ions present in common salt sodium chloride dissociate
into ions of sodium and chloride. These ions are responsible for conduction of
electricity. Potential is provided by copper and zinc rods.
DISTILLED WATER: There is absence of ions in distilled water therefore the
distilled water doesn't conduct electricity and hence the clock doesn’t work.
Though the H+ and OH- but the pH is 7 therefore the ion dissociation is not
enough only 10-7M H+ is present in distilled water. so this can not conduct
electricity.
COLDRINK: The coldrink too contains ions which dissociate to conduct
electricity. Ions in coldrink are
 Bibliography
 NCERT

 Principles of physical chemistry

 hometrainingtools.com

 Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

 google