ACETONE

Made By-
Shivang Patel (13BCH042)
Vedant Patel (13BCH043)
 OVERVIEW
• Introduction
• About the compound.
• Structure.
• Properties.
• History.
• MSDS.

• Preparation.
• Major Producers.
• Production and Consumption.
• Statistics.
 ABOUT THE COMPOUND
• Acetone (IUPAC name Propan-2-one) is the
organic compound with the formula (CH3)2CO.
It is the Simplest Ketone.
• Acetone serves as an important solvent in the
lab as well as in the industry.
• It also serves as a cleaning agent as it
is able to dissolve almost all the
compounds.
STRUCTURE
 PROPERTIES
Molecular formula : C3H6O

Molar mass : 58.08 g·mol−1

Appearance : Colorless liquid

Odor : Pungent, Irritating, Floral

Density : 0.791 g cm−3

Melting point : −95 °C; −139 °F; 178 K

Boiling point : 56 °C; 133 °F; 329 K

Solubility in water : Miscible

Solubility miscible in : Benzene, diethyl ether, methanol, chloroform, ethanol

Vapor pressure : 9.39 kPa (0 °C) 30.6 kPa (25 °C) 374 kPa (100 °C) 2.8 MPa (200 °C)

Acidity (pKa) : 19.2

Refractive index (nD) : 1.359

Viscosity : 0.36 (10 °C) 0.295 cP (25 °C)

 HISTORY
• Industrial exploitation of ABE (Acetone–butanol-
ethanol) fermentation started in 1916, during World
War I, with Chaim Weizmann's isolation of
Clostridium acetobutylicum.
• Thus the first lab production of acetone dates back
to 1916.
• Also Acetone was the reason that the Germans lost
the World War 1.
MSDS
MSDS
 PREPARATION
• Acetone is produced using different methods:-

1. Cumene Process.
2. From Alkane nitriles.
3. Hydrolysis of Gem-Dihalides.
4. Oxidation of isopropyl alcohol.
5. Ozonolysis of alkenes.
6. Fermentation process.
 1) CUMENE PROCESS
• The air oxidation of cumene (isopropyl benzene) leads to the production of
both phenol and acetone, as shown in the following figure. The mechanisms
for the formation and degradation of cumene hydroperoxide require closer
looks, which are provided following the figure.
REACTIONS
REACTIONS
 REACTIONS

• At the end of reaction we get Acetone as well as

Phenol both of which are desirable.
 MECHANISM

• In the Initiation step the intermidiate Tertiary

Benzylic Radical is formed.
 MECHANISM

• Here Cumene Hydrogen Peroxide is formed and the unreacted Cumene

helps in further production of free radical.
MECHANISM
 2) FROM ALKANENITRILES

• Reaction of Grignard reagent with alkane

nitriles followed by hydrolysis results in
formation of ketones.
 REACTIONS

• So, Ethanenitrile reacts with

Methylmagnesium bromide and it is
followed by hydrolysis.
• At the end of hydrolysis we get acetone.
 MECHANISM
• Step 1: Nitriles reacts with grignard reagent and
to produce magnesium salt of imine.
 MECHANISM

• Step 2: Then imine followed by hydrolysis and

to produce ketone.
 3)HYDROLYSIS OF GEM-
DIHALIDES
• Ketones are produced by alkaline hydrolysis of
those gem-dihalides in which the two halogen
atoms are attached to a non-terminal carbon
atom.
 REACTIONS

• So, 2,2-Dichloropropane followed by alkaline

hydrolysis and at last acetone will produce.
 MECHANISM

• Step 1: Alkaline hydrolysis with gem-dihalide

and it produces mono helo hydroxy compound.
• Step 2: Again nucleophilic substitution to form di
hydroxy compound.
• Step 3: It wll eleminate water molecule and to
form ketone.
 4) OXIDATION OF ISOPROPYL
ALCOHOL
• Ketones can be prepared by controlled
oxidation of secondary alcohol using an
acidified solution of potassium dichromate.
 REACTIONS

• So, 2-Propanol followed by oxidation

process and produce acetone.
 5) OZONOLYSIS OF ALKENES

• Ozone is passed through an alkene in an inert

solvent, and it form an ozonide.
• Ozonide are explosives compounds.
• Then warming with zinc and water , it will form
aldehydes, ketones or an aldehyde and ketone,
depending upon structure of alkene.
 REACTIONS

• So, 2-Methyl-2-butene followed by

ozonolysis reaction and produce acetone
and acetaldehyde.
MECHANISM
 6)FERMENTATION PROCESS

• The process may be likened to how yeast ferments sugars to produce

ethanol for wine, beer, or fuel, but the organisms that carry out the ABE
fermentation are strictly anaerobic(obligate anaerobes). The ABE
fermentation produces solvents in a ratio of 3 parts acetone, 6 parts butanol
to 1 part ethanol. It usually uses a strain of bacteria from
theClassClostridia (Family Clostridiaceae). Clostridium acetobutylicum is the
most well-studied and widely used species, although Clostridium
beijerinckii has also been used with good results.
 MAJOR PRODUCERS
• Indian producers and their installed capacity:

Source: Govt. of India, Ministry of Commerce, Antidumping statement dated 10th April 2012
ANNUAL ALL INDIA PRODUCTION
LEVEL OF ACETONE

Source: Annual Report , Ministry of Chemicals & Fertilizers, Department of Chemicals and Petrochemicals
 COUNTRY WISE EXPORTS

Source: Annual Report , Ministry of Chemicals & Fertilizers, Department of Chemicals and Petrochemicals
COUNTRY WISE IMPORTS
 IMPORTS OF INDIA

Source: Annual Report , Ministry of Chemicals & Fertilizers, Department of Chemicals and Petrochemicals
DEMAND AND SUPPLY GAP

Source: Annual Report , Ministry of Chemicals & Fertilizers, Department of Chemicals and Petrochemicals
Thank You