Strength of Materials

2.SIMPLE STRAIN
a.Stress-strain diagram
𝜹 𝒅𝜹
𝝐= =
𝑳 𝒅𝑳
Rod with given density/unit mass:
𝑴𝒈𝑳
𝜹=
𝟐𝑨𝑬
Stiffness:
𝑷
𝒌=
𝜹
For frames:
∑ 𝑺𝑼 𝑳
𝜹=
𝑨𝑬
*(+) for S and U, if tension; otherwise (-).

Offset method in getting the yield point:

c.Shearing Deformation
𝜹𝒔
𝜸=
𝑳
𝝉 = 𝑮𝜸
𝑽𝑳
𝜹𝒔 =
𝑨𝒔 𝑮
d.Poison’s ratio: biaxial and triaxial
deformations
b.Axial deformation
𝑷𝑳
𝜹=
𝑨𝑬
Biaxial: Bring 𝐿1 and 𝐿2 into 𝐿3
𝛿3 =0, 𝑃3 =0,
P + P2 = total load carried by L2
P + P1 =total load carried by L1

Triaxial:

Relations of E,G,and v:

Volume expansion:

Statically Indeterminate:
*apply the static equilibrium
*apply geometric relations, for exaggerated
sketch of physical change
*genrally, the most rigid parts of an
indeterminate structure carry the most
load(principle of rigidities) e.Thermal stresses
*if P is unknown, use the ratio of all “𝛿′𝑠” in 𝜹𝑻 = 𝜶𝑳(∆𝑻)
terms of P. if its known use the ratio in
terms of “σ’s”, to get safe load easily. If the wall yields at distance “x”:

Sample problem cases: 𝜹𝑻 =𝜹𝑷 + 𝒙

Techniques in solving:
*draw an exaggerated sketch for the
behavior and movements of structures (elongations
due to loads and elongation due to thermal
changes)
*get equations out from it and also from
structure’s geometric relations

Way to solve: