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    Kashmir insurgency

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF or read online from Scribd
    Flag for inappropriate content
    11 views87 pages

    Puri Kashmirinsurgencyandafter

    Uploaded by

    Rohit
    Kashmir insurgency

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF or read online from Scribd
    Flag for inappropriate content
    of 87
    KASHMIR INSURGENCY AND AFTER ‘Balj Pai i Jamun jours, clus and socal acti. He ‘ce i publica athe editor of wey prper in 1942 and hasbeen ‘ein te potest oil lief the coun, with Jarmo and Kahr Shir min area of inven. He bs stil be aspsons ofall ehnie iene of th tate on both ie ofthe LoC and acted as bridge erween them. He has bam a champion of fete in be tae with autonomy touch eon. Heh atended nines and adel academic pein Jn come like the USA, UC, Canad, Europ, Pakistan, Bangladesh Si Laka Hels the repent of any inal ava lacing the Pada Bhushan in 2005. Hef the ator and o-autiae of alos forty boos, including, Communion i Keim (1962), Jom A Chew he Kashmir Tangle (1366), Jame and Kumi: Teamph and Tragedy of Indio Fedraleton (1981), Abalh Ex (1982), Simmering Volant: Jamo Relions with Kashmir 1983), Impact of Armed Confer om CBilren IRC2O02) end Mums in ind ince Peon (2007) KASHMIR Insurgency and Afier BALRAJ PURI DS 485° kar Pse] Q00g KASIM INSURGENCY AND AFTER ORIENT LONGMAN PRIVATE LIMITED Reyer Ofce 235782 Hing, Hyer 500 (29 (A). NDIA ‘a cogent oneaangnan. cet ner Opies ‘ingly, Bhopal, Dhsbneshvar, Cems, rata, Cova der apr Koa, Lucknow, Mamba, New Del Patan © Ove Langman vite Lie 1953, 195, 2008 Ftp 1993 Seon ein 195 Thi dine 208| ISON 5:578 81 280 3451 3 ISBN 10; 81 2503481 ‘pet Betgait Dei Prine in at ions Pies Det Pabies by (fet Lng rate Lied 14 Aa AB Rad New Deh 110002 ml: dlenal@ercaongan com, Contents trial Pf to the Pit Bain Ineoducton The Question of Accesion The Yeas of Unceringy “The Clah of ener Beyond Democracy “Towa Insurgency (OF Human Righs Afi the Ineugency Wider Penpectvs Noe A Chronology of Important Evens in Kashmir Sher Bibligrspy 12 2s 4 155 Editorial Preface to the First Edition {acs FoR rhs TM wl atsempeto provide meaningful information, vcs pepecvs, end theorescal selections on various themes of ‘antenporary concen. The tacts wl ek wo deepen our knowlege ‘Femea ies, query our commen sas, rethink old conesp, and tnalye che social and economic problems we confont. "The argument ofthis acs on Kemi s developed around wo cesal themes autonomy and democracy. It argues pasinately for the need to recognise the legitimacy of regional identities. The bonds bronco ad the nation can be ble on suonge rounds within £ pole culture which ie sensitive to the democratic apcations of trope of diferent regions. Inthe eal yar afer independence the tional leadership war comamied co 2 certain notion of anonomy ofthe state and of regional atonomy within the state within the Framework ofthe mcion sate. In subsequenc decades cis iden was {gual thrown overboard, This eo growing fing of ination find anger in Keshis When nacional and regional interests were pretense at incompatible, the aston ive appeared opposed t0 the fegion. The eclucance of che Cente ro concede any autonomy (0 ‘Kashmir was matched bythe refit of the Kashi leadership allow Jammu any ihe co autonomy within che ae. Thi created a version betwen the diferent regions within the tate and eroded the basi of 2 composite ident ofthe Jammu and Kashmir sat “The question of autonomy i linked tothe sue of democracy. Pai shows thac democratic inccons were never allowed co aequite ‘oot in Katie National leader frm Nero Jayaprakash Naya, Aged to one party ele in Kashmir, Democracy elected leaders of the eon were removed through ental interentin, and democratic movements were repesed. It seemed at if nthe eave of the Hate of Jammu and Kashmir, democracy and nationals were incompatible, 2 if che imperative of national inegration alowed no posbilay of any experimen in democracy. Democracy in Kath was projected 8 tn impossible option, and demands for democracy were censored at ani-national. This dena of democratic rights deepened the alienation ‘ofthe Kashi people, Tenor and secsons forces played on this sense of lenin, us traces the sry from 1947 when the princely sat of Jammu and Kashmir acceded Indi. The Mabasa ofthe State gred othe scoesion air considerable vacilltion. Supported by the All Jammu and Kashmir Rajya Hindu Sabha, he was inal i four of « Hind seae independent of secular Indi, and then toyed with the ica of scesion to Patan. Once the ascesion wth Inia mas formalised, the Goverment of India wanted fe approved through a referendum [A this time the Congress was commited to the ides of plebiscite and ‘conden ofwinsing it. By 1953 his conBidence had eaporated, Sheikh Alsdllah was placed under indefinite detnion and the queson of Plebiscce became a mater af prolonged debie. Pui unravels the ‘omplex proces through which the emotional tee berween Kesh and the rest of India were subsequently cuptured, the basis of seule and democratic plies in Kashmir war weakened the legacy of the Indian sate was dentoyed, and trot gine ground. The tact ‘ends with reflections on the logic of terottm,secesionism and ‘communalsm in Kashmir ‘The implication of Puris analysis are cleat. Continued state ‘epresion will ony widen the popular uppor of malian groups Unless democratic proceses are reiaroduced and democratic props hare 2 space to opera exorsm canner be maginaled and conned. Unless the tes besween the Kashmiei people and the eet of India are e- stablshed, the region canner be emesionaly integrate te the nation, ‘This cannor be done tough a ply of pragmatic concesions Not ‘rough stat inkiative alone. The Kashmir problem ie incmatey inked to the way the ene nation ses the rgin, its pits, is dress pepe Theis and ound thedenacraicpione see Mebpe and open our minds o the possibilty of regional Sonny within felted srucre Notaom Buscar (1993) 1 Introduction “This wet san ater at undertnding the insurgency tha Bean in the Kashmir valley—one of the hte regions within he state of Jamon td Kashi J&K)—and geadaly exended wo the Jan region. in the next four or five yar This insurgency had simmered for afew seat before ic exploded flyin che beginning of 1990 Ie causes are frm swells long tt, and mus keto aceunt sme wie ares ofthe Kashi personaly. The development inthe other two regjons ofthe ee, namely Jammu and Lada, so have a vil breasing on the Kasha problem. "A the time of pation in 1947, che Hindu maharja of he sate ‘wat, forks own reasons, euctant 9 aca to che Indian Union and The Hinds, accounting for lini vex 20 per ent ofthe population fof the nae ee divided in thee lopalyto the maha and to India Te-was the Muslin ladethip of che Kashmir region that Gvoured scceton to India. ‘Why did he Kashi Maslin and thir leaders defy the then prvalng pro-Pakinan wave among the Musims inthe res of the fubontinent that bad almost been polar on communal ine? Why {i isonet se in by 1953 when Indian secularism hd etre 4 dedi wiumph over communal fres? Why was Sheikh Abdus, the hero of Kashi atonal nd be architec of the eat aecesion 10 Inia hen dined fom power and imprisoned? Why ide again ‘Sgn an accord with dias Pie Minister Indira Gand, dhs concn, ‘0 Kashmir being a par of India, and sem to power in 1975, withou losing much of his populer support? Why were secessionist and fundamental vies alos sent or he ner weve years o 2 Whar ‘rough about the neat senaton of Kashit’ Mains by 1590 ‘Why did Kathie Hindus migate pracy en mase fom Se wally {hac was il hen considered model of communal harmony for the whole county? Why did noa-Kaskmis Muss, who had bee te ea thus about acosion to Indian 1947, tems, by and lage, ‘siavlved in the ongoing sees insgeny inthe Kathe vag How did thousins of youth of 3 community, alway ridiculed fr fa ‘doce’ and ‘cowardly’ rare, tke to sms and of seman tobe might of che Indi sate wih «determination that has few pal in the counuy? And how do we ateount forthe fic that inspite of he milan’ ttl dependence on Pakistan fr te spp of ams and taining {abo lfc acknowledged ‘mor, plial and diplomatic suppor the predominan bale cry in Kashi wae ead sedom) and ota ‘merge with Pakinan? Why dd che dcine of miltincy star aie the ‘urn ofthe century? What at the prospec of an apreemen beotecn Tia sod Pakistan on the sus f 4K? And would th ally solve the Kashar problem? ‘hese and other related qunons may becom ls bf cera ‘emenary fics ofthe sation are recopsed and accepted. Kesh ‘Maslin, fr intance are Kashmiris as wells Masins. The apparent Aluctuons in her mood epesene thee responder the varying forms ‘of threat hey peeve 9 their identity. They have been the most onstent in thee ure to defend her identi, ear ofthe sure of the threat. The urge to become 2 martial community was ao Proved by continuous taunts about thet notvilene characte Jano is not an exusvely Hinds region, Before 1947, i had & Muslim majriy and was the mort populous region ofthe stat. Exe ‘now Hindus are not away exclusively motivated by Hina sentiment ems population, comprising 34 pe cnt Muslims, 6 pe xn Sikhs and 18 percent scheduled casts, cate Hindus, besides, also have ‘eyional aspirations that were sharpened ar the ranser of power from a Jammurbaed ruler wo + Kethmicbased leadership. Again the clon fail og 2.3659 bythe 200 ces se Ey dt (248) breen Bains td Mote (wy fe Sina) ho tw, eel ny Le lio el ona frien cme compl inary of lyn sad nie Bor Inernporl ion adnan kone snd interac dpe daring ona infer sh Reh nnd sinh inane prot he peri goppy andar wets vay st of ch ovilding compli ink dau sk Bea po conpoandel by rad abe arin SF nd oi poe ‘teem oes om an ence lind i og ‘een peru wold npe in Bs nd whe colo soe Son wc on Kak hee ben scat w a the moe Seek apc iy ssl conde puna ogee SS ine the chon inthe ae o comet on ian of tema hs bythe my bes. The Kan pli of he coy ith aed o rnc nly rl owe he ce sod tay de on gens more earn ig ‘The pre tay hae iy wr equi. ati end vou roe + haan pce on Ja etn ae wich fc ty ld cy ads see "B42 have ha the oppor of big ely conned th prs vey impor rcp in tan ed Fone ua wiht vba wee conceit Kali oy fe acon! lel. Whi fens hee exes my ‘ine ves on veer I he ae ste set top ctor vipa admis mach moe tan dpe ove rea ee mates of aoa resi o ew Ian scl I he cuy enn wren doit ote ban epee ‘i lds of psans becoming rage nto ands an 0 he ‘owning ello rinse este he vy cance Ir S18 eaiy il be grey ened. Thess an ag heed fs bes tndestidg te pom anda enn end Infomedia pin ent son, 2 The Question of Accession “The dteamsances and the manner in which he pinay st of Frm and Kishirsccded to the Indian Usion in October 1947 provide ‘al uc o our understanding ofthe vides of is er plies, ti is emotional poll and conrittiona es wih the est ofthe County. The Hindu maharja ofthe sate, who had the constitutional fuuorty under the India Independence Act to decide its fare Aflacon when the eounry was pationed oto evo dominions, was fect co ope fr Lda Te was ot any ease forthe large Masia poplin to elke such a decion epeily a the parison ine was being dwn more or les along comeunal lines. The year of independence had also witnessed a ellipse ofthe cadet of the ‘natlonalin Maslins’ in the subcontinent “anew and Kase wat one of those prin sate which did ot jain the Consent Asebly of Inia, sec up under the Cabins ‘Mision Pn tha id commenced fnctioning sie December 1946, “The mahasja ofthe ste refused to yield despite a warning by Jewel Nei den vice-president ofthe interim government, that such an ect By any wate would be considered hostile acc? The Tegan suppor of che Miskin League wo ‘the sovereign right of| the pins sehen dhe reliance of he mh ino joining the Consioet Assembly, On 17 Jane 1947, the Masi League leader, ‘Mohammad Als nna, declared: "THE QUESTION OF ACCESSION Consent tel the lain Se willbe independent and ‘Genin the erinaon of paraouney and hey wl be fre Boe themsher ade ay come they Hk i open for them ‘opin he Hindtan Contact Aner ote Pitan Consens cml or (ol decide 0 sera indepen More specially on 11 July 1947 Jinnah sid tha fJammu and ‘ask opted for independence, Pakian would welome ic and would sig iendlyagresment with her for eh) common weal ofboth the peoples laquat AH, Kha, the leader ofthe Maslin League in the [trim government, had deed cha the wats were pete fe (0 refse to have anything to-do with the Constituent Assembly" HINDU RAJ VS SECULAR INDIA “The muss was inno mod oon the Indian damian ever when parition beeame inevitable, He war supported by lyal Hinds leaders In Jama who vocferouly argued data Hindu Seas Jamme aad Kelamir claimed to be should not merge i ideniy with 2 secular Inia The working commer ofthe All Jammu and Kashmir Rays Hindu Sabha (he exit incrnasion ofthe present Bharatiya Jats Pry in the sae) frmalyadoped a retlion a May 1947 iterating is fh in the Maharaja and extended its Support wo whatever he was doing or might do-on the ise of accion.” Tn a press sateen ised in May 1947, the acting prsden of he Al Jammu and Kashi Muslim Confrence, Chowdhary Hamiullah Khan also urged His ighnes wo ‘elre Kashi independent imma and etabish 2 separate constituent sembly ro frame the constition ofthe State [He sured Masim co-operation and suppor 9 che maha as the Fine consitusona alr ofan independent and democratic Kase He said in-a press conference, that ‘Should the Paksan goverment invade Kashi, Mune ofthe ae wil se in ans agains Pakistan tnd if necesiny demands, they wil seek Indian hep? All shose who raised pro-Iadia voices, including me, were condemned by Hindu chawinins at and-Hindu and traitor. The Jammu day Renbir cited by Mall Raj Saf, was banned by che ste govenment in June 1947 for demanding accesion co Indi and 5 the release of Sheikh Abia, The All India Congress Commitee tnd riled on 15 June 1947 thatthe Congress could not adm the righ of any state o dear is independence! During his vs othe stein July 1947, Lord Mountbatten had alo eed to pera the rmaharja to accede 10 eiher ofthe two dominions before 15 August 1947. He insruced he British Resident inthe sae to concaue to bre the sme advice to the mahargja. Quoting Mountbaten in his ‘Mision wit Mountbanen Alan Camnpel Jhon ates that, the State ministry, under Sardar Valabhbhai Pals diecon, went out of is very t take asian which ould be inerpreted a faring Kashmir hand and to give asurance tht csesion to Pakisan would aot be taken amis by Indi Envnging no rouble ifthe Maharaja acoded cither way, Mouribaten sid chat the ‘only erouble that could have been sie was by non-accion and shit was unfortunatly the very course followed by the Mara." "As commual tenons speed within the Jammu region and the surrounding Punjab the loyaly of the Hindus and Mass began a ‘gaviaeto ni and Pkisan respectively On 19 July 1947, the working ‘comminee ofthe Sure Musi Confrence again defied @ resolution in Four of independence forthe approval ofthe General Cou ofthe ay which met at Senagar. The Councl wat sharply divide between fellowes of Chaudhary Ghulam Abbas and Cb, Hameed Ula, leaders from Jammu reion, on the one hand, and Mirwais Yost Shah of Kashmir onthe other renal they agreed en x modifi rooluton which ‘respecfilly and fervently appealed wo che Mabarja Behadr 0 Hwee i wa fly soneuned th 14 seuy penn ‘ex putting 7p engi up er ti May 1994. The hrs ane hem ile wml cenit oF pon, antag indicia Bing teen se ‘ape and amet ge Acoring another anauncenent by DG 204 xr fh gh vidos were pel apie BSF peste ou of wh 39 ers mote ca” ‘One ofthe mat ete ar how women ae waxed dung sswoy operon The sepron omen pe Sikh cr ee agian fe a ed ss nting ee dos Aon api ede bs en te nom She Te BSF oan edie fr ping de nd be nd in Aranag The lege pio Cena wan oe Dal be in ina cpu wrth who ped ur wom Hal vile A cna ee sgl pn ny one aed Shop filing medal pt dat eld ug age of fat women the nee ight of 1 snd 1 Oar 122 Io ces to del women pole fr sche ot sny othe ation ining worn The DGP ofthe BS, asec, odd in BBE that he BS didnot hve women pena wat oly ey it the BSF dee fm nomen talon and he se Pl red ‘eng women, 99RD abo masa wha he ofl spoepecon died Cnenton campy Ia 1993, 6240 rcs cdg tia thd member of the dplomae cn sp fo 12 foe ml pons te he ally" The nen Ja Commision ved VIOLATIONS OF HUMAN RIGHTS BY MILITANTS Gate export of frcgn diplomas and media to the sation in Khmi spd sult monitoring by nasonal and international man figs ace besides the inert ofthe mainateam paris—forced fe Government of nin and the secu fines to gridgingly realine thas epenive mesures cannot ene victory nthe bate for Kashi ‘winning the bard of hears and minds was so immporant. The security faces began to dipensewelfire servicer eo the Kashi people in ‘ar sstempe fo put aos human Face, Moreover, Svea nguiies ino viltons of human rights and public til in open cours were hel, followed by dizmisls and imprisonment of the guilty. Chief Minister Ghulam Nabi Azad clined on 22 Decernber 2005 tht there ‘mete no esti Kilings during hit fre 50 days in ofc Wihin ee month, however, an allege cae of euro ling took place in aang, andthe chief minister immediely ordered an inguiry. But tne sill ends to ask why, unlike in most other states ofthe county, HeKis no eqired 0 vepor: caver af eutodi kilings zo he Navona Human Rights Cominon within 24 hour? Again, why were the powers of the State Haman Rights Commision, which was sx up in 1991, cued by an amendment ia 2002? The state government has ‘tow asumed powers to appoint and wanfer its sf. The series of 2 invention officer have Been withdrawn, The Commission bas frotened agsins subjecting ir reports to further investigations by Depary Commissioner: and agin che practice of not informing i ot | ‘2 sateanembly of action taken on ies reports Another matter of| ence is of ising perions, who numbered 2,250 on 1 October ry a 2001, according co goverment figures. Non-ffical sources pt the ‘nuniber much higher” While much more needs tbe dane to improv the human rights record ofthe government excess ofthe mitts spew face. ‘Several media pertone connected with the government-owned TV cunpel and the information department wer ile ater, non-oical independent jouraliss also became victims of the wrath ofthe ‘rlcant, Sublan Vi editor of Al Sef was gunned down. A jounaie Parse Mohammad Sl, eitor of acl news agency, i ho dea A grenade was Shzown of the ofce ofthe BBC correspondent, Ya Jal ho was kidnapped a yar ago by the anny and ler rele The Indien Expr correspondent, George Joseph, was deol oleae Kashmir The PTT corespondent, All Mohammad Sof, was warned agains eeporting onthe Kashmir station. A fine of one lah rupess ‘was imposed onthe Srinagar Timer at well as A Saf for nx publishing the atement ofthe militants: Mhwan-l-Moailmeen announced a bn ton che daly, Af, for ‘dlberacly publing sntimovemeat news “The Jamiatu-Mujsieen locked the ofcs ofthe Sriager Time and the Al Sq in relation forthe publication of notification forthe revision of dectonl ros. The Jammu and Kashnir Feedom Fon, 4nd three other miltane oust Banned che publication of eight lel ‘alles However, the A-Mushideen appealed to och dhe Jamia and the JKEF wife the ban. The JKLE also opposed the bun. The pape resumed publintion afer she intervention ofthe Hunger Conference ‘Srinager Times and Al Sf ao resuned publication afer two mons ‘with an apology fr thei ant-movemeat action anda vow never do sin Fre, Mel mos ofthe eres were pot scaly aia “The Americ based human sight opinion, Asia Watch, which is unparng in its ei of the horan sgh abuss by the Idi secure forces, alo tok the militants eo tank. Te drew a dancin Serween members ofthe scuity forces who were il and wounded bythe militant and the non-combutant who wet killed, wounded oF threatened with death, According co Asin Watch, stack on 0+ ‘ombatans violates intemationl human sights and fumaitarian Bt Ir cbseved: “The mites ave wd ined itty ah pla power to ict in abues apne the cian population. Thee groups have ‘Perma vile iran bumanitarn Law by ening in may excurons,Keeapings chess aed souls on lian ‘The new brand of militants tended be more fanatic, brutal and {eperte det tranformacon ofthe movement a pointed oucabove, om Kashi atonaien to religige fandamenalism, They sare ‘sgeng noreMosin communities dey: Some ofthe lating cases sl emasacres of non-Malims, where the deh cll excecdet 20, inlet: Kling of alzon the whole population of Kashmiri Padi (23 our of 24) in Wandhar in Ganderbl arex near Stinaat on 25 Jinwary 1998 who had not migrned eer: 29 Hindus killed, including 12 children, in Mabore tei of Udhampor disct; 25 indus of a marsage pry ld at Chapari near Doda on. 19 Jone 1998, 35 Sikh ill in Chiasngpor vlage of Anantnag on 21 ‘March 2000; % 20 killed in Kishewar on 22 Joy 2004; 100 killed innitane strikes agune Hinds in vasous pares of the stare on | and 1 Aoguse 2000, supposed co sabotage the move for ceasefire berween Fidbal Mujahideen and che Government of India by tal groups: “killed and 47 injured in Kalucha ear Jammu iy on 4 May 2002 5 25 lle in amine sue at Rajiv Naga in another suburb of Jamu cy on 13 Jly 2002; and 24 Kashi Pants gunned down in Nadimarg in Pulwama dssct on 25 March 2003," and 31 Hinde ‘hla massed inthe Doda and Uahampur dss ofthe Jam i rion on 1 June 2006. Tn all such eaves the only crime of the lle persons was tha hey wee either Hindus or Sikhs OtBer incidents in which the deat rll tr les han 20 were often sore bral and, in many instances, more rovoative. These ined ee atc 0a Raghunath rermple, de est Finds temple in thew lord i the heart of Jammu cey—firs 08 | 20 March 2002, killing eight pesons, and again on 25 November 2002, king ten$® Another provoeatve cc was the iayeen attack on the state asembly on 1 October 2001, in which 31 persons, both “ 8 lindas and Mains, were led! Masts are alo being kil fa being suspected informers (to the scutsy Forces) and member of sansa pola paves rte reine. Fic member of ee bos (or terete) the eeetons to which were eld in May 2005, merle inthe Kashmir valle. Unincended lings of iy were abo cased by grenade stack bythe militants that mised de target (army post oF convoy) and killed innocent passer-by. Tad incense thx exsed widespread prot within and oucide the end ‘wee the gremaearack nest Tyndole Bico School in Amik ‘Srinagar and one near a school bung in Pulama on 12 May and 12 June 2005 respecivey Inthe ler eae, 16 people wer led and over 100 ied Pehaps, due to hostile rections wo such actions of the min there asa ll in hia fora while, But inpreaion shold spread thatthe miliancy had declined, i epitered ite presence by 8 Series of atals, che msinvitime of which were civians eithes dlbeaely or inadvertent. Soon afer the excnquake of 8 Octobet 2005, the worst in over century in Ks when the anion of the armed fos was dvetal to reef operations and when the Unita Jeb Coun ed by Sjed Slhudin bal sanounced suspension ot ‘operations, a eis of kings sata. On 10 October, ten pea belonging eo two fails in Raju disse were slaughtered 8 [else boures were gunned down in Kilgam and dhe ache of tours and Amarth pins were resumed, king innocent cian’ ‘Masses in Dods and Udbamput ato fllowed the quake ‘On 18 October, Fidayeen killed Eduction Minister and PDP leader, Ghulam Nabi Lone and er dys ater, workers of the Nation Confrence, Congress and CPM wee lo ile” ‘Apu om ureting cian fr thei elgiou and polit bei the eins did noc spre dsdene inthe tank of the scarce ssmong thé sypthins. Prominent among them incaled Mira ‘Maul Fuoog, Dr AA. Gara, umn tight activist Hinlay Nath Wanchoo, Prof Abdul Aha, Miwair of South Kashi Quai Nis ‘Alum, Asal Ghani Lone, Maal Mushtag Abad (uncle of Mica Umar Faroog) and Per Hasam-ud-Din (lose asociate of Syed At Shak Gea 6 any Amey Tneionl amends hare in he Fp paerneorenderemeeteerreninet ane) ‘Groton gous he nan opeiiely ppd co smed groupe pen humninon lw sandr tha pois gi Faure! ta aac ofthe forth and Bal pase fig in nd teeny cians on 10 hay 204, Anu eran ele me groupe tan nome and Kahr 0 rept eur low andar he prodbi deliberte ace gue Chane, Violence othe thea of lence mest not be wid 1 fide vores eesion wake of cds” “hme repr a number of stack yee mae om pling sons pl rai eon workers and canine For camp, 0 Tips bomb wa town atan cecon aly in Using 1 people tnd injing 70 Inthe mor ee pe of wing on 3 Ney ‘Spel nan epoedysadd wo doen pngboth ing ter pono doa tnd 3 ined. al cur man ut ome Be spams Er snes Arne heed ey nets ‘Farnam hls by te mes 0 Ina repr cela on # ay 206, Arey Iran here daw buen gh ony ae oped dened Cote: by smed gee (aan) ad not deed obaaly Ihe tem pone tema xd of ind rom the vay sn ling 250 Hind nd Si in he pa ys Tiling not of oe and ination opinion, he aml leer Syl A Sah Gn appealed ol tan oi fo he Atondinal dese al segs He ape she mas in $0 not wl inncee pon ling af ot nce peo fe ilig of ent aan He oi ling face ae un Mini’ hing te ne aig a lem of be Hil Mejia ssi andom lidmppings no oly ge out moremcat 21 “em on cin oe! bn cing robe Sk people anh le Sian pops hv conden Ske cllens ef erin, oksation of won sd wha hy ell nied ting The milan lost some of hit vigil dan de wo numba ‘esos: induling coanuousprolifraion of groups confaon af division in thi ans egarding hee uimate abject and changing policy wards diferent group of milan Graal, ‘ranks were infeed by antisocial element. The Hisbul Moje pred des ence ove the ae of sme gun-vieding Jog ‘who were harusing the innocent people kidnapping local fc at threatening intellectuals, besides interfering in che working of mecamens ofces. Syed Suauddin, chi of the labal Mute snd chaima ofthe United Jha Coun xpresed concen oer de srende explosions hat cuted cian easaie, He had pons tae Suggested tac Maahidens were alr behind such tack. Fle eed ther to focus thei attacks on the sal ages, because very Kashi is our ant and we cannot afford! 10 ean misgivings of our fend, sympathies and leading lights Afr the grenade stack neat che boldings in Amida), Scinagar, and in Pama, the Hic adi niliane groups to avoid the ute of grenades in populated seen. ‘Aer targetting just about everybody else, mitane group Kashmin’ seconing co 2 press report ‘now scared ening on eh oes’ The sources id thatthe Hicbel Mujahideen and Lalor aye have ken killing, idnaping and even sipping cach oe? ‘The Hcl is agains the LeT targeting shoo cildsen snd cin Je has imposed reitons on the LeT Because ofthe onan ssregatd for local sentiments and misbehaviour wih women, Tht Hinbul chi i believed to have insractd frcigncadey of mane ‘roups to ke dearnce from senior commander whenever ent hme to be targets. Terris lenders have warned chat luting that orders will invite the wrath of the Pakittan-based United Jehad Council An incident of trae and rape of one Matam of Dodd by HaskalsMujahideen led to feud beeen the local bul and foreign militants. Hrhal exes, azording to a rato intercept ld thei commanders ha ‘they will not spare the Lashkar’ and Haat men for the restment meted out het woman. The Lashlar mitt ‘epi, You Flows are too sf, We koom Maram was nan iftnes bt her Brother was” pane eres send rhe Men ee ce ote tpn tne ce sl te es iow fe cca aateng ttc tea cli seers aoe i ee paeroerectieereeteetee ato ie A oe me Se cia crete ee ear erent vers et came eee ec eet Banca at Gok eee petal te wo ning el in en ences Ea ce nro tee ag ero ees Sor tee on ge en cert eS iets ie HASHMI INSURGENCY AND APRER ees in the ballot a means ro lec and change the government and evsalaon on thes pare that problems of governance, development arenas cannot be postpone tl the Kashmir problen’ is inally ‘Saved. Te sco this extene that the appel of militancy has lots “Meanie, India opened apolical rns in Kashi, Diet rule in che sate ended in 1996 when i wat eeplaced by am cena] fevernent headed by Farooq Abdallah. Despite the extremely log ‘ote tua in he valley, provided a cv avenue to the people the redresal oftheir day-to-day problems. Elecons in 2002, wi treater popular parscipaton,recuned a coalition ovement bed by the Peoples Democrie Party leader, Muli Mohammed Seen, and supported bythe Congres, CPM, Panthers Party and Demons People Forum. Ic was the fe occasion inthe tate when the changed the government through the ballot. Syed Ali Shah Ged accused the continent of she Fury fr taking pt in he ceo san explanation for the higher curmout of voters? ‘The campsign to boyete poling, which was launched by dhe sccesonist partis and che mila, became almort toy ine | 2005 when municipal elation were held, Despite attacks on dean all, poling boots and candidate some of whom were Kile) ht ‘voter parscpation recorded anew hgh, pecially of women, fr wha one-third of the consituencies had een reserved for the it time Four by-cecions 10 the sate assembly on 24 Aptil 2006 sta unprecedented record of 69 percent poling, What is more importa Js chat nether did the milans diac the polling process of tack the candidates, election rales ot polling booth nor war ser ay allegation against the securcy forces for coercing the people o oad ‘Conceding chat the voter turnout was unprecedented, Sjed All ‘Shah Geel, su i was the direc effec of Pakistan President Genel ‘Masarrat's Uctura on Kashmit. Mirwaa Umar Farooq, lee of the ‘moderate faction of the Hustyat conceding that the mas euro of the voters was voluntary defended che righ of the people to exerci ‘heir fanchise. He ud, if they pay tne, chy have aright w et epresenatves to see that the money inthe sighs hands $© in tne yi id ore ih eee a ae eae opie ene ae ne setae dc betel uted paper epee Oe plat coor rac bop ein cheer oe ts Ebweectemmreee nes oe He eater pe ee ere ate See eR hte nin saint OE ed erie so ee eee Sect Seager reel armen ae aa yey ee ter ece ee ee eee Mn gia urate ince eee a eee paabienl epee en oeers tao cranes tt peon hee ene etn eee ee ae Sock ea Tiare i runierenars eee ee cao GOVERNANCE AND DEVELOPMENT [ASSUME IMPORTANCE ‘The percentage of voter partiipaton ir not an accurte meant ron engin the alley. Bu i suey undies the rat of ° 0 ASHIK INSURGENCY AND AFTER ‘oF suns nackTs POurca Gee ee a ‘his hosts in Pak-administered Kashmis, which he visited along es | Se triton nan 203 romain te mle Betianer shabir Shak Peoples Democratic Perey. mile ‘Srwedgng the role of litany in revi the Kashi iu, ‘Sened hethe ol the milan movement as already oe Both ‘Sho un ster of be Hua cons. irrok Testun a decal fo the milant movement to Ge out ind Mati major ly par ofan agi oer aed ‘ic bl, south of Pir Pj whe had aed threo our sake yecating in the vale, ily, Decne of she ene dvi Since tt two repos, mn doer no ely lion te weds i Sr Rahm ly Scoala of igo harmony in Setegon dai many procs, Hume he egos pred of Sela Tidy, te was aly no sear overod pital leaesp in thereon. When Gh Nabi Aad ee Sechitminerfthe sein Noveber 2005 fs fom Jar {EL macoer 1 Mime emotonl epg in i fot ase ep ended hater or ved forthe mtn "The lone wih the armed oversee azo the LC is soles pronoun Sarkar Abul Quy Ka, heir mest der OF feat Kashi or insane, held cat ‘he worst damage 0 the Fem eun ns Deon cue y the hadi had has note. Ke ‘One nel a howe, ih 0 the conn tat he ie svvenent would snp ad complet comer an en Ie did hve Seman wo mp proene rowgh ome depart 2. Afr {be hand oer ef chef misiesip om ? Noreber 2008 from she epics Democne Pury Ine, Mu Mohammad Saeco Hs ‘eon prin the Congr er Galo Nabi Auadas per hi ‘peement when the exlon came wo power in 2002— dete was a ‘Ses rl in Sigs c,h nt sme te sity oes ‘coten minal the ager ad Kid Innocee cans. The Ole a ‘eX Bark equa on 6 Nove ile ve cans and injured ‘ethan 36 pope TIP dled ht prs handed as ‘aad int hese within month fer the exc * ‘When th inspncy stared in 1990, amos rey important sean leit ha hs own miltns oi Craluly Para bogie ae cuss under is conrol though the machinations ofthe 1ST, La some of the outs became independent of Pakistani cool ae, isl Mujahideen, the lean mitaoeonpristioncdsy, bay cial of General Maas exile ply on Raine Roch Salaun, warned Pain eh its weak poly may een led to ‘ad Jani an Kati png of ts Hove sudden vole fc, the Matas Joad Cou hended by Saud decided co support che ide of ‘independent Kashmir an leriltatn’ ofthe ste atthe UN reauions on Kahne ha become inelane A major hanicp of he mtn movement ia he ae wa Jc had so oepound pail ledehip, Nether ws de dlsiplne fs lel pli leadenip nor cold it dispine rio fictions of the separa leaders. Excepe the faction led by Syed ‘Shak Geelani, all the separatist leaders realised the fut of an armed sug, Meath, Gel malted fer is 2002 sli fom Huriyac Conference, the main conglomeration of the 23 cpu ‘patties, and after he was disowned by the Jamaac--lslami, of which he vas the most prominent leader Even Pakistan, which had fag ‘ecogaied im andthe Hurniatfction led by him ay the repecaaive of Kashi, ler downed hin 4 inva Umar Foo the leader ofthe larger fiction of Hurry, elle upon the milan so soporte Galogue procs! He sid thar continuing with taney a the sole means wo achieg Independence would mean that Kashmiri would hive 1 ey dom smth 0000 ne Hear ad her no mone the resorted to 20 of violence could tee nema poe “Hn we el upon uma: neo jn ur fe ed 2 sckng« plc seemen ofthe i, he wid. He adel hat, ‘he continuation of miliancy wil only add tothe ering of 0) vend Yasen Malis KLE bad given up violence in 1995. He oy 2 cic. Acoli the nevpper por sia the int ch proce \ teas yas von 16 November 2005, Huniyat leader Umar Farooq, National cont prenatal ed PDP co Msi Ml Siew ch hn Ks alc, ty noid Loeeaeariengen aati SET end the Hinde Ties Lede Soni 2005, Sot iho signe. The milan cone tog the spor of sen eeu ese o up than wich nfomaton onds for pasing TEI pode ce, ea sy to we going apd Seen fre and he imeigence gnc any they a fe bse fr open pl por ” Tower he dope of popu sacnmen i ans of the sans wl nse a fsa hs vos bythe ‘Rony oc abou which te pope of Kashmir have Become een scive Afar he Pane Mine anaouncement the ‘Sind Round Tile Coenen Sina abot mo tle of {ian he vain andthe doing down of Indo-Pak pace rn yay he cy reo by he apes poked och dr poplar proves aie conven aca by mins, vac on te stole cininued tw deine "Chan ales fom nan 1 15 $uembe 006, ood ar 214. Ne yee hoe forte deed © Tien thc ame poo. Whacs 125 Tain wl, pace erate tnd ipl wee led in ner Speer 20, on 6 we io in cr dung he se fro! 207- Tough lane ft wo topped foe 42910 37, oe fam 275 wo 313” The Dal asc ur fe ede to 207 a 191 9 oly 12 oor a he en of Ones” “heh init GN. And preted he hope ht 2007 may te de Bar yur since mltanoy coped in he ee hat no ae of mal appa fs ben cpr Coal ig to hae ‘ener dows ve pe on be ae ‘Whar mr hee bowed chem of the miltans was she oporay they got in taking over rele wrk in PoK wiere te lol admin had colaped us to fir mor gic form uf the ears. Tap ‘wee abo report ta milan took care ofthe orphan for eiag ‘them a faire Mujahid The American ambasador procred aia the act oe ofaound 20,000 mits i the quakes ‘of PoK. General Musharraf replied thatthe group played an ened humanitarian role and wil be monitored bor not shut down! Bg these developmen hay helped the milan groups to reve tap tole and che expectations of the people from them in Kesha ‘There was universal condemnation ofthe bls tha kil lens inthis petod. In fact, fr the fit time, even the sepa leaden pantcipaced in the condemsation, “We do not believe in ju ‘condemnation but practically wan sn end to volence at wave! om ‘or level’ sid Mirwaia Una Farooq adding tha the reson of Keshmirisue was nor posible without an end wo violence the sate Yaseen Malik the JKLF chain, condemned the bla at J&K Bask sand sid, "My heart goes ut tothe people killed inthe bla Spl Ali Shah Geelani, the leader ofthe ral ition ofthe Hurrat win Ind 0 far not disowned the role ofthe gun i ortheing the ease of ashi, said that "Huiyae chinks cha Blast sould not tke pl in the markets, And so do the militant organisations” He, bowen did not rule out the role of Indian agencies in the bast, The spokesperon ofthe Geni fiction ofthe Huta 'any mia camry ove such acs, i would be like esting thet own lege? ‘The Alien, one ofthe four outs tha ad oppo the uch ofthe Ssinagar-Mizafarabad bus serie, med responsibly fre, ‘ts. Tei spokesperson called the medio explain how dey ised the tage and fad to detonate che exposve at an unimende ple at the explosverladen car was stopped by the acusty forces befte could teach the tage” ‘The miliane acs in October November 2005 could not rue the growing isolation ofthe milan from the people. Thi aon va evident when hundeeds of people took 1 the sets to prow spine the abduction of 2 lea! policeman by micas in Kap ” % ‘Within a few days ofthis sateen, a teacher wa Kile by he ‘army in cestody in Kupware allegedly because he sled 0 stuy ay fiom women teachers of his schoo o shield a dersanded bya soi? {ele toa weeklong protest by the people il the govenmene promi | au inguiry ito the incene NON-MILITANT AND NON'SECESSIONIST ‘OUTLETS OF ALIENATION cis important 0 reogre tate end of milianey does not ingly she ed ofthe aeration ofthe people of Kathi None ha fe provided pe oust sention, Now th ice a rove oe halen, woul alge re» ote un the Indo-Pak and New Deis logs il nl ai pos: mitany plans rer nin, what woud be ee of tliaey Weald ts popes be ay ete tan when al sata ‘Would congloment of man oops und he nae of Und ‘kd Coun le by Syed San romain nace cough al and downs? Whar hel of contol ht he wou cin oe itn pclae over Hibat Majsidcen, the premier met expansion of Kish? What ie fue of Faas pled repens ofthe mpc of ch impor, the end since she sof the centr, eps fet 9/1 inde Cty tat see the pains flay, co bang ncn pect Tee css ae nx only nem of he yl i being infied onthe peopl uta intra ofthe mage to rofesed cus andthe lw of low intrainlsppe,apat from cexing the moral and social vie and eroding the un Cilsaonal as of Kathie Reaising sis emma M2 Bhan, a member of he Pain atonal Asebly Propo wespon more dey in ver ad fr more ceive it cil dobedencenn-pgmeat oft er cooper, wing got alin hota nd to bc beet ple bles Other, be mane sat lence nr 9% dee wont and sghtousnes of poll cae drown by shee ‘gine of exor? Quoting hori experiences, he aed eto bat ‘Nm achieved i sn ad where fe af ar ordered its owe ‘Biden Bux an the prsen milan: lnenbip candor ial to flyin rola an overground pla pry and concn Re rope {ad che other eesti pares fr any sas hat they apt fo the Thee no indaon sa ian eine hey tan itch overt onary method of waging the rg tt egies ch frenct courage and consicdon. I involves change in thir bare ‘oie eznaton Lis equal ely hehe woud become ore epentc and cxreme in he Helgi belt patos Already SoEson of then rp Hindar ad tna tt el eee. They Comer thc supe o8» pt of the woke jehad agains the $Bhdh fo cng se dominason of sar. The Unie Jed Counc {UO chasm, Syed Saluda, chrewened that if Tada doce noe thi its foes om Kai the wa saith il speed ll ero Ind snc the tans hve the oti ose i ny pat finda” Th they do have che pret to ike snywhee in India was demonstrated by te tack on the Re orn 200, on he Ein foment in 201, the ses of bin Deli on Diva eve om 29 eae 2005 and in Banglore cao mons exe the seri ls 08 te tains i Manta Banglore. Hyderbed, Madeion Vara timer Shel and Usdin ocr oe afer te he ail 2007, roca Pais, Th Hi oad he ‘pons, Thoogh te UJC ba diownel heir and in he Bas, Sear tel he hand lathars ind he Siac Teno blasts donc require ge nanan rll spor nly 3 or 4 pesons are suppor o be eoponsbe for mos ofthese Dai basa Bue ses in ance ve uc wider mplictions tien the Kushmi sue. Is double peopl of Kahne could ‘eww railed aw gi uptown dint culture and wait. Iti dbo doula i akan poly can cape the comequencs of + change in the haar of ans oto ter threat is own ” iB. polity and to General Maar’ survral and whether thre would by ny scope for what he alls enlightened moderation ot the revo democracy in Pakistan. Tae Mums of ndia—vho are lng mane ‘han show in Pakistan so reat the emergence ofa mate Rg 4 thes thomas. " Essentially, the tetoret brand of mltancy will ash with ig incereste of Kashici Muslin, he Pakistani ation and Indian Maing pac from the armed might af the Indian Sate. ‘Thus the insurgency in Kashi which stared in 190 wich mm popula involvement, ered fit into = militant movement shat ha links wit the antndia plc leadeahip on boc the Indian and ‘he Paka sides and by 2005 had entered phase in which wa isowned by tos of che pla edeship on both ies. By then had assumed a more desperace and ambitious form, with the characteristics ofa verorist movement, but with educed rl nth polics of the see Especially aie 91, forms of errnm and methods of desing ith them have become majo concerns of erate and academics a universes and esearch istiuions the world ove. But there shad sy unanimity on even the definition of esroriam among the exper Schmide and Youngman, for instance, have cited 109 diferent ‘inion, which they obained in «survey of leading academic ia the field. Foes workable defniton, use of violence or political ends ‘or libestion movements against occupation should be differentiated from kling of non-combat and innocent cians for thir eligi or poll bei. Throoghout this Book, a neutral term of milianey| hasbeen used But by 2005, the movement had bepun wo inceangy acquire the chaaternis of torn. ‘The Government of India willbe well advised slow neaion ‘human right oration lke Amnesty Iteration and Asia Wate 0 visit the site to monitor viletione a they have no pated nas forthe violations they have eommed, atleast on 3 case to ce bas ‘Thee repors on violations bythe militants would be far more erie than those of the government. Smiley the state Human Right ‘Commission needs ro be strengthened and made fly auronomots Moreover there eno juries for no accepting the jurisdiction of Sie Nasional Human Righer Commision to the mate. Every efor | foul made to avo human rights violations by the vecsity forces I isthe people have developed ser degre of tolerance for even the Sghes acof violence. The government should no esate ro respond ry vere fora dialogue with miliants on a Umited agenda, 0 tert with, of ot kiling an unaemed civan for hier religious oF pea bai and hold them wo the recent commiement ofthe United Jia Counc afer i reportedly signed a statement to abide bythe Tandsmenal rules protetig the dignity ofall human beings.and pel by che ules ofthe Geneva Convention of 12 Auge 1949 fr fe protoection ofthe vicims of armed cont, Tha, t0o, has now 2 special esponsbiiy to matin the highest ‘andar of human rights not only because ic fas become the large deocracy in the wot but also afer being dered a member ofthe Human Rights Counc of he United Nations, which hs replaced the Commision om Human Righe, on 19 Jone, 2006, by scoring 173, cuzof 191 vous ofthe UN General Asembly—the masimum number foxes inthe Asan group. Indika pledged during election to promote tal proect human sights and fundamental frecdoro for al India ison til in Kashi where i ean honous i pledge and |i iteraional sat. Espeily afer 91, forme oF terorism and methods of dealing with them have beaome major concens of sags and academics in universes and research initutions the ‘werd over. Buc cher is hardly any unanimity on even the definition ef terorsm among the exper. Schmide and Youngman, for insanc, lave cited 109 difree definitions, which they obtained in survey fain academies in the fel.” Fora wortable dein, the we sf volence For polite ends ot libeton movement pint occupation should be differentiated fom the kiling of non-combatance and ‘enacent civilians for their religious oF polit bei, Throughout Sis bok, neutral en of eiltancy has heen used. But by 2005, the ovement had Begun to increwingly acquire the characteristics of| red tnds—an ase ht ws ao mean fr Aneice—that ial wold mo lowed betwee acts ese count, Howe, nde ans need ap i tes pcan A rmber fear tc ncaing soe Seiji suet align Sper snd on he pent lain in Det ole by sacs one any quan ay ij SS Gch tng 30, ad ro ae Reet abt of on do. pels ey any scion Te ‘ring erent pp eon, fe Goeamen of | nnd Bap er pes obit of cron Pa | {ita eile “Operon Pan. The memo comma | Grol ge conr ce th aries in bmati. Conined | Sige ean en een os tern sed it j Teo pun ind ith eet postions Teton permet ed conor een a ld Sey dence te opt wate Wa sd peal ala Sh bo rea op tm i 8 After the Insurgency “The decline of popular seppore for tltncy in Kashmit Valley ‘scompanieland flared by the Indo-Pak peace proces, The Kb problem, fier all, was the major case a well sf of the tno between che ewe conti, ‘The proces tok a somewhat smooth cath afer several aborte sscempts, The bus journey <0 Lahore in eay 199 led by she hen Tadian rime Miner Au Bar Vspayee rat extraordinary hop mote so because he ad is pany were considered hawks in Ini politics. But chese hopes were 1000 dashed due to Pakisanh sniadventure in Keg i dhe Enda part of the state, Repuats of te akan army who had infitraed dere inthe gb of rains wee howevet withdrawn ae the ingervention ofthe Ametian Predene The Ags Summit meeting in July 2001 between Prime Miser Vajpayee and General Musharraf who had aken over as president of Paksan afer an amy’ coup, Filed to tke of, inky on account of ulleences over the relative poy of the ‘ate ive of Kashi o¢ ‘eos-bordr cerrovisn!. The fille had s serous backlash on ce relcions between the two councie, Meanwhile, afer 9/11, when ‘eros hic the Word iad Cenc in New Yr there was ualative change in che international aad toward terror. General Masharal had to make « major policy change fom patronising ehe Taliban ‘Majahiden in Afghanisan wooing the Ameticed wa pint eu INDO-PAK PEACE PROCESS ‘A new ea of peace began in the subcontinent afer Pakistan declared a ceucie on the LoC in November 2003 and Tada eiprocsted. I ‘flowed by talks berween Vajpayee abd Musharraf onthe sidelines ofthe SAARC conference in Mamabad in January 2004 when the wo lade agrecd to sare a composite dialogue on all contentious ius, ‘aclading Kasha ‘fit the 2004 gener cections anew goverment in India headed ly the Congres Inder Dr Manmakn Singh pursed the peace proces inthe same spire and was supported by the BJ, che main opposition fy, ar the later claimed credit for having stared the proces. Mahe, a groundiwel of popular sentiments af endship exwcen the rwo counts, parcial aco the Indlan and Pakistani sides of| igjah gave a powerfl bor to the peice proce. Ie mater mote in Pakitan at Punjabis comprise the bulk of is atm, which isthe ‘main suppor: base of General Musharat ae ee om ee i to i a ee Cen create dre Neneh age FE Ra ctor a ta de i a alt rs tesa: - ee oem e al pee rea eas ieee me we sel ol i a coche CE ee a rc Sg Kes Seh nt Oa ee sl ec alegre For aigpeclpeprproreig en strike ane a aeanretc ger TP st Tarte once ey nn , | See es inp ia) ‘demand on both sides of the LoC to open bus routes ee aon fo eee creases i a ee nce ge eer ce ages Shera he ae i phe et een rey europe ded ty rae an ieee Se a a elias i et a, ln ei peak kre arin deren ene et eee ne eee wo SAESTOL SESS, ha a pen pega gen peepee re cee eames paar eee 2 em [array irae ngrterg cen gerne cipro oe Pawel sor sea he ln pone ee fo sre Foes te oneal ‘to make ‘the borders irrelevant’ and the ‘peace process irreversible! Sig mu ey hal Mr ced a ortepenict eon ogogetinadd oe ay Ser ean errr Scant nip die ad's’ Heat eta ‘opleader of India and Pakistan to cake the decision. According to ha, eerste cept, facet ZAC pope malo pl tes on dope Jews igen dimbowe fr Pian fom i atonal sad i cae some dilasonment in the p-Paisan group in Kat Syed Al Skah Genie fon ofthe Hye was vid 2 che geauine Hut by te Pain poement and te ‘wel ary he Orgninton of nic Counts (Item aad volte fice om Kathie at «letdown, Palit soon gamed simi ‘engin che moda ction fe Hr by Mia Mah Ups Foo, and recommenda his nomination to the OTC = repre of he Kaci Mins His son vied the ld fat of te nae along wih che JKLF cit, Yen Malla fc fue On the ev ofthc ve evel Matra id el ht {Ove eprocnie of Kshs APHC fed by Mira? “The Miri tion ot sina sgn fom she Tas prt nner wh invied efor als on 5 Seprembe 2005. The wierd of rexogsicon by the Palisa goverment ad the OC war acct for Gece a i was flowed by the wide of ppt by eve ‘THE IRRELEVANCE OF BORDERS ‘The poplar vation receive in Jaina by soe publi gure fom che stan part of heat, incuding Adal Majed Mal eid hi 8. Junie ofthe sa J&R Fgh Cours when thy vite fo erly ‘ie in August 2005, clely demonsted tha dhe natu! ban ‘common language cannor he long auppresed by mere 3 Seca Genel Matar resumed eine wih ee of Geter propels al lon of the acne pole. The Erol tithe dal n pre afeene ot 2 ori PoE ly Ind not maw fad no ce she {iy Hore nn ine Mies Os Marasn eerie ged wee ol ne Ws oa Kai Kt Se teen by hes gnc in ral wy oh pope Trot indon Prime ner to Pit dd ore place te npn ear f the Masbarfnmal wa hi optic! fre pots of he sae, moon the Paina side he Fore Are an Ard Ja snd Kanes he aan Kats Jn and Lada Ira depart om hi ‘Sic mand which recgred ive gs on eli sey ing Jrwe and Las on gi ine In hat we eae propo! Soul te pop spt lire the ow pa of he stn the rion win hom. Though i rece om bs ot {ele non of tee waking group twp afer exon trode confens sere wih he ol woking ot etd sep tone The propo vl om the ote Hand Sa ru mil pels be ein of he Pin Seine pa ef he The le coin lb oh pi on ing denis th abe shot at agent. How ‘Scho he nan sy wold rein win the wate wuld be oni bythe drt pnp, wih might indie objec ‘ajc deen: One o ln sjions wth pogo wat Slr by Pala inde milton fon PAK wer the ie Ina ancor mangement ce eo aes inthe se which ws epider rly the rp for tes managment of he ate ee sr guess hun soe What Kind f machinery wuld le ‘peta Wh jc wuld ea ab? Would encosch pon Screg’ of te oo contro apo theses enue he prt of he seo bh is of he La? Would eae ssegorsn. I farther encouraged he procs of mdrion thet cout that had sen Jay 2004 nd pve a incemenal approach was « mote praca Way ou of the Sod honily. This approach rcved the endoncnent of Sener A Qayoom Khan, the senoemon ler a ead Kai Dus ‘iso Ini inthe last nek of Scere 2005, be ide Kashmiri cannot be ook orig xo irc an bw novi Abdal Majed Mal dared Ja hat he aly «feng peaking the same languge and bowing othe se aa ‘wat more important than enn nt connie oe he ed {nd fin selon ofthe Kash probe sail th iy of term ise Ser nd ‘saos andthe inten of bora emphataly demon by cea flovinge wort et noe cy ok a ofthese Theil carhguaeon 8 Oca 2005 tak ah af ove 1300 Ines and rented 9,090 pons homes on the Idi sie. On the Pakistan side, 73.00 pero wee led and 3.3 mail became hone. The rine mini of aad Kash, Sanda He Khan, emake tht he was ing oer gave Asotin wih peopl more shan tee shred ge the people of Ind and aaah had rly fe monly cls. Inde he clu ag pr 1 be the bigs Confdene Bung Mesnue (CBM) taken fa the oo counties. This was ada by akan Pome inl Sakae Asta the Dhaka confrsce ofthe SAARC. in Norentit 205. Whe thanking the couse the pated the much sel 4d, Mahara pect menoned Manmohan Singh by name Bt the help that india had gien Pada. “The ined and al elution ofthe Kashiisue ered ‘bea wp oy forte pepe of Ja om bot sds ofthe LOC. Ta same could alo be mid about the people of Pakistan, The ve semospher of goodwill create bythe tragedy and the eve ‘utrounding it, wat «pote developmen. 4 105 joine defence and forcgn policy? Would ic be possible tthe pr, Teel of ferences berween the swo countries on the subject ‘The obseration of che prime minister f PAK, Avique Akad Khan i lean inthis context. According t him, “the concep joine management need noc be defined a this age a one that wel creat obstaces in the proces." He sid, “these concepts would sau ‘lay a che proces eoptinued."” A more practical way could bem sep an advisory body comprising represenaies ofthe oo coun tnd parte ofthe sate on either se ofthe LOC to share informa Sand give advice on sbjec like environment, atonal de ead fand travel arom the LoC. ‘Maushara’s proposal sharpened divisions in the spurs canp in Kashmir while the Mirvairled Hurrat almost wholly owned ‘sis va Ali Shah Geel accused Musharraf of showing extaedinay Aexibly to plese the United sates, India and some other count ‘The United Jehad Coane chi alo ced the Paistn governed weak apologetic palicy and pins modesion by sone Kale leadeers which "had damaged the separatiee movement.” Ged suppor che UJC' prot agune the Pakizan governments si ‘Kashmi: Bue afer Salahuddin seported avtst and sles, Ged caus him of succumbing ro presue from Musharraf ‘Oa che other and, the vally-based mainstream partes in Kis ‘welcomed Mushara’s four point frmala nepreed in thee own mp According wo the PDP, selfrle meane regional federalism which promised to explain ina blseprine which har not boos sled 0 ‘Umar Abdulla, president ofthe National Conference, who bad vid Pakistan and met Mosharra, belived tha he ler war eocvigel the National Conference’ sand on autonomy ofthe sate and elf smeane hat. ‘Meanie the Indo-Pak peace proce awed down due wo og other reasons fist the inherent dicey of any govermene in In co compromite its sovereignty on Kashmir second, he sel bs ot ‘eto tise in Mumba, which killed around 200 ianocene can tnd which war aed a he handiwork of Paka based error, cae ‘cveve of anger inthe whole coairy aginst Pakitan and oppose 106 sy dlogu witht Paine Miner Manmohan Sigh savaged the p25on when e met Masha inthe Havana consene whete he ‘hay eros posed a threat to boc Inia and Pakian. Both ‘ees then agreed to sup ot ieigenceanteeror mechanisms “The Mumbai blasts were followed by terse anacks on che Sexfiura Expres a Hyderabad, Ajmer Shs and Lahiana which ‘Gard the stmospher. Pakistan wat in rurmoll using mow of 2007, {he Hontir Province, Balchisan, Warrsan andthe wba belt on enor west bordering Afghanistan wee already wicnesing a srt of (ale rrle by Ise exemise. They demonstated thst presence himabad by contoling the Lal Majid, which was rescued by the ‘2p ling and aestng she vero apart om the neat hat Maza faced fom Mamie entemis, teal recived eis challenge fom liberals and cv soe when oat eared « popular agitation agaist the removal ofthe Chis Jjter of the Federal Court, Chaudhary Ifilchar Mohammad. The fgonion ended ony aie he wat riseaed. Criss oer the rection Frnsilene Masha, legal uncertainy over i and a boyot by the tppoion was followed bythe bloody reception to Benair Bhttoo {FFarch where 139 of ber admirers were klled when she reared, fe Paknan on 18 October 2007 afer cghe years of exile. "There area number of querion marks abou the future of Paki. VW Mihara survive the cuene cs and with how mach poli ‘du? What wil he rl ofthe army bet What wil he clave eng tt anc fundamen and democratic ber oces be? The srtion is Paka wat summed up by an Armescan newspaper a the ‘ox Alegeouseaion of te word! in the lat issue of October 2007. As Inogasinsably persis in Paka, any progress ks with Inia over ‘de Kashmir problem sunthnkable Pakistan seed to appreciate fois prion. Is foreign nny spokesman conceded on 10 October 2007 "at "Pakisa-ndia aon Rave never been so god? and vate a vey compl tlaonship and we should nor expect results overnight.” “The dovlopmens in Paka inevibly cased duionment among the Kashinri Musas. Is capaiy to iberate Kashmir fom Ted en sustain an armed revolt inthe state had already been exposed wr Ie now rtd to be sour of npn ofan aezve a ‘0 the state’ relation —with all its imperfections — with ba 8 pow pepe inh valk era lod wh hig Aided gs of polite endehip Wht wer te seater aa to tem? The seh fron lene and one pry maybe on she age sens to ve gn nd pops mu get ed os mak py ‘gem However may ke tne fr cae ede sad pare tren. Mea he rac big filled year rol nd the emerge of il wc toon of poli Seng et of deft and depron, the oxen tn be wed to tae movement of ean nd 0 conc abrons i ak age inthe soil snd clr ie of he ein ne lat ew dead and for further improvement in The physical ad mena ‘chablaton of victims ef vile, in puree of wome aod hile of li whe he bre eres bee ile ng ‘mat be an ap by the wae snd cry on sp poy “The Kesher told ao lok fr» pene bss of ini eu be dia fen pps ine of me, in egress feom movment wf ith slogan of nding our ceri of very. Magi, Aig, Sand Dog ea, insur eee rm 147-53 Plan sonore bl ih we sed wo aru eters ofthe peopl Lat tome to be dead in omy of anda dag The changing mo ofthe pole nthe vale canbe ated t by ese fom proakien or Paina tur, Aconng © Ali Lanby quoted eatin ln chape 3, the ely pe ‘hnking Pains can tve concede vote weal at fin chee Pkian wo hve lool eh bu ad asim wold abo fae diaper in Shel Abdul ‘fe the creation of Bogle, and he Inde Aaa reoncian,wfeting onthe new mood o the pope, Mal Hust chiman ofthe fg resins commie of te akan Nason Ase obeed he fom 1972-198, he word Kamit wo an fo kan oi ply lec ‘The reasons forthe changing mood of the people in the Vey fave been dcussd ac lng in the preceding pages. Incidentally then he cae for 3 plebise. No pacar mood is 0 sacrosanct ss {be vd fr al ies co come, cis parca in he case ofthe Indian pac of the sate where Malis ofthe Vlley do not constite striven in Canad, where the ight of scssion i constitutionally permisibl, the federal coute deed inthe ave of Quebec thatthe Aecison of mere major cannot be binding on ll atte generations tes ies sported bya subaanialmjoiys though itd not define at subeantl maori precely meant. The cure farther held that ‘essa ory sould alo concede the eight ofl decersinaion tothe ethnic minors. Avey the echnicainorsyregjon of Iu in Northern Quebo: has been ganed autonomy. "The fi condition for arcing aa stable and subscantal majority oc cnsenss within the Kee rion for any sts of che tate i thr peopl should be fice wo exchange ther views. An aumosphere of fee debate and eolerance of disene hardly exited even in periods of uma. Bu at long a milltancy pets, anybody who suppor the folio of the Kashinie problem within the Indian Union, or is tupeced to devine fom the line of milan, runs che isk of being thor dead if 6) he is without scout, Even most of the separcs leaders have eo lve under government security, and disenes among. them have been kill, How can independence or any other sus if Achieved through such means, guarantee Feedom and ensure tht ‘ifernces wil not be setied by ball? “The cultural and inelecual groupe tht are autonomous fom pals have a important cle inthis context. The foremost tsk of the inal i o stdy and debate what happened before and fix 1947 and prepare an objeive and unbiased account of it, without far of milianee and four of politans. Shing blame to Indian ‘Paka ules wil ot safe, Leaders and people of the Kashar ‘ion have alo commited sakes, which they ms ease wo avoid resurence of wich misakes Tri bo the primary responsiliy of Kashi mellem and wes eo ind out an eating bass of Kami deny. Ther i 109 (a. ASHI INSURGENCY AND AFTER tetng he movement of decminaon bedi Kash vailey vied tow muon ofthe problem fh se i exited bere {heen aro Kn tom Kn eer wth ch cae ean of assed pate on he far of te co ould ate be ponte no wit engi sone SEE oer pws of she na. Ont afer he wpa ofl dhe Tite che conmunies of he ses anid, shud Bieta ustcny sar sepable to alo them 1h oer aleve ur the Kaba seck « sas fam er gins, Wind out? npn, Ceara agin decor inde eas wi cy foes cher of sgh Whar abut og ali’ Wi export oie alent rn ieenbor ll ove de wd? Whe sas ge fro sae wach, wil poses number of qusons 08 EK imi or oss nya cay ef ee TiS now ben ey nied ha ay stemp omic Sais gohan inva edo atta Hier La eEyieny demon, Laal manny i ofen much won tan simon by aan pee reer nove snare pate a for haley the nf Kat atin pope by te Pal Gane Lene Sal Loe, He get opaon © Hinds majsiy Serr ume she Bai jr dof Lal 0 0 fhe Kai on Alig yi Spe SO Mey 207 be pecialy deed he olan ate fe ‘Din as Matin tre’ Can chaste be eed Kashi ain! When sn-Rad at mged wih ce Kahle, {Col got oly crsh her ures but ao cree the unio ional tage of Ki A isn fe ave ng egos fe se fe sous plats ch a ofthe sate od, tas fre whole cout dpporny lap of hi apr and thers fhe soot at dee wth ony ap ofthe wae te. Keshi eon teen acm, Bursa ikaw out hte wo gone By ihe ylcy man and the ch a demenary dcsion on ving ein arg mo Main al ut incoge without sign: Rest Pa Bae itn oe, ‘Hj rar i Seem Movement i, har tii tm fom rang’ Appr el Ae ca Se St yet i Sa aca eae thorn by ne 286 reel on pfs ae pty Cet bl pal ena ae ted ihr proceed ara ws aa a Sc Rigue nd iad pcted nl hry ad tna Ac hu meng spa etm hn gp Gna cen Ka ge Sh ‘rel hatte lp wey pose ped ini terpenes Seen eee ieee abou Pandits stil living in the valley. eae ‘dase of top din eal ec, mm howe se wen he Pad etl Duna Denke 207 Seo dea Meme ain peo of Pw sa fe sotto romney ma Ragas telcos Bove Hoc Manel an ‘oud ab be tell rjc of common oe trewrton o ced hetuged enoelne Kain end exe pak tos Nocioni smi cg th emo 50H yar Ka i ons tobe The sow Gl det ew bn the ar te mor flac ad pred by gpa cor The a ties fs snd ow a nor al Simms hint eth one hens Su Slt Him Kun the Me Minera aed ann tad Ka Ghana he igh Har rte eu oh had ted he oer de of LOG on then of Pet fore dese fat ew lean ‘env oah Thaw iu ee op a Asha INSURGENCY AND AFTER ATER TE SUING tthe yous di nthing to aie Janos ein dione Slice Since anton in Kahne “Tay the sof automa er he ate ad om wiki she sate mayo loge ein an aac to oll parc and Pe opie in he coun. Te isons feral plier ave ben cpr fo the demogaphi ompron of he tin De Kan Sh he tlt Dog leader, wo ome he ‘Stamey clin i 984 wih se upon fe JE a pd mir er, ying i nd second positon the Congo {ade Nana Confence pec be lacked he spor of Mss Si and te Schell Cae, Slay In she 200 ‘eon, Tab asin « Mam, defted bi Hinde a9 in de mu Poonchpumentey seat Inthe Data sembly tuto, wih iy af nc 9 pr cnt Min vote, leer nd cars Pos Sg ws ced ars camion Seaue of te Pa commeiyInng thee, deeing ce Msn Grins of he engl pola prs nthe aelydoion om By pleing a Moin lode, hla Nai Acad the fe chr of esa he ane eso of 2002, Canes twee the pln ae Jammin td moral the BJP and Stier envunal group, Jams scar Menty wat farce Caste when hal actualy cae these mnie on 2 Noe 203 an sen eb ye an ol fe Janson They ge malt cept so Ads he Bi ter chic mine ot th on ont al othe wer ta Se Apr 2005. The BJP te lem Sete Morcha and patos, ‘ening alle vegous ene communis vid ith one ‘Biber ining cater nn adr ming he niin The ne set wee had iit cen on 4 fyi the Sy Sine Onc ft we el pour th it ie orgie a ar py forte Man bret ding Ransan The oer ou ‘Erode ate the Ed py OF ene, he rotason of he pot ofc miner ho 58 ya, die he empay Caprice nwa ning soliton ofthe egal problem dledopment in the other wo eons ial he more import a complete picture of the whole state. a ‘THE JANOMU REGION The non at ofthe Jam ein is mat double she of he Kashmir (26.303 hm. or 5448 km) an ayy is in ppulaon fe prt of nt cc by aia ao The teson bee he to ar regi dade poe 2 crcl part inthe pol ofthe na bth before and ee independence nis oeof th major eats ofthe Kah pation, The eiom movement in Kh cre 197, wah he bade ry of Dag a Marea (Death Doi ll ea Kasim wo the Dogs she dian commuiy in mene prow te Hinds and Mi ede to ppt the No Soe fir gt of eae nr dl sme Hinds dest apa te ono of the within which wa graeme of Aen ‘scr an pion fr ce sopion of Arie 370 he dan ension ht pe! pel ons othe sate The aon this gain wo ei of at sealed Ke Baa Provoking en any action ine Kai ion The vc oe Of deans ffl sce’ td‘ scion’ made he to Scion tf conven And hit a te pn of he ovemet for demcenon and snd in Rashes "The pit in wcpiing hc chron i he nie the Jam pen me Hinks pono eae + Mai pln. nthe Jann pn, nic eta he Dog, aj, ar and Pashia othe me fay of ngage 15 vel a cane—eut atom egos Me and nse ce sna more han lon Moroes regional ue woul nee he Seen icc fad the BJP ands price te a Seg ot he fe of Neh ah Ab for egal sono ined of sein the selina veoalpaem by sing © scingy ational sega of fl meg of he ae th Inn fc the sow eon he anon of he ae at hppa mm eee Insole yh nigh ig the al, wa Pa, og tis might br oe ofthe cast FOF soa hemor le forsee Al greg nro weve ab acs pa jet pp tye ee Shere tnt Te FOP pon weak cr Sent it i er elds in Ofoem a drs net Siesta penn ee a tine Im fc thing le han taruphgoing yee mls rtm sapien oases ee i poe Sy ere a pas eas Sopa noon fn ‘THE LADAKH REGION “Theses of the hid eon ofthe one nda i there ima gis oa nf hen en turn eter the yer since lndependnce Tl mon he eof Independence lver-cmmiy mariage between Bais sod atm ee penile nmet e e ee not uncommon, Grady, hey sed dig pu, a ab de toute infec Unite dhe Jumma and te Ke po Tih, which anasto sod al es ae an he combed are f thot veins nd iy dle om the, hasnt been reopen consttion of th at Coscusoaly at iin it pf the Kan i, ough i eet ‘vay fom Sige thn Jann nd circa fom it ar tor than lhe ys dung the wine Tn 1978, dhe ste goveent ed she Lah i in ‘vo uc, ogy i i poplin: he Budi majo eh and She Mastin mujer Kah Inthe acer of comma ean autor he ref he vo monies in te bw dic ie in degre dion Tnnead of eoneting ter demand Gr regional quanomy the poole of Lala netsh ob ed ik sme alate ar 1 awe, thereon was declared echedaled ibe area, which promis pot jo and deeopment. Butjobe and development are no subsite Fr the urge for iden and share in polis! powes. Evenly, ch she gramed an utonomos acs under the Ladabh Autonomous Hill Development Council Act, 1995.1 asked the then prime minister, ‘Nani Ro, hk seasons for ejecting the demand for anonomy when iewas demanded forthe whale rogion while conceding ic for Leh when fewns demanded bythe Ladakh Buddhist Association. He insied hat tbe decison was for the whole region. When T sought 2 clarion from she weteary for Kashmir afais, on the prime minister phone te confimed ha the offi dcon wa for Leh only. Obviously che prime miner was under the impresion that Leh and Ladakh were ‘onymous The coalition government led by Mufti Sayeed granted similar suronomy to Kargil in 2002. Bus, in the absence of + common Stonomons suc the cotnaon ginal deny was weakened ert tore. In fact, with powers less than even dat ofthe cece diet ruin theres ofthe eounry nde the Panchayat Rant, the Tedakh Autonomous Hill Development Council dd litle co sem the

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