4.4 UNDETERMINED COEFFICIENTS—SUPERPOSITION APPROACH ¢ 47 REMARKS () In Problems 27-36 in Exercises 44 you are asked to solye initial-value problems, and in Problems 37-10 you aze asked to solve boundary-value problems. As illusrated in Example 8, be sre o apply the initial eonditions or the boundary conditions to the general solution y = Ye + yp. Students offen rake the mistake of epplying these conditions only to the complementary funetion ye because i is that part ofthe solution that coniins the eonstanis (di) From the “Form Rute for Case "on page 144 of this setion you see why the method of undetermined coellicicnts is not well uted to noshomogeneous linear DEs when the input function 2) is something other than one of the four ‘basic types highlighted in color on page 140, For example, if P(x) isa polyno- ‘ial then continued differentiation of P(x)e* sin 8x will generate an indepen- deat set containing only a finit number of Funetions—all of the same type, namely, a polynomial times e** sin ix oc a polynomial times e* cos Bx. On the other hand, repected differentiation of input functions such as g(x) = In.x ‘or g(2) = tan™'x generates an independent set containing an infinit- number of Functions: 1-12 derivatives of In. x Lo nae 2 bo? dervatvesof ex's STP OTe EXERCISES 4.4 Aner to selected odd-numbered problems begin on page ANS:S. In Problems 1-26 solve the given differential equation by 46, y @yresv 42-6 Byte ayais 2. y= toy #25) =30043 Lythy 6 =2 @leey 6, y" = By" + 20y = 100s" ~ 26re* 2 3)sin 2x iy = 2 4 Ti, y= 2y! + Sy = eos de 18, y"~ 29! + 2y= eos ~ 3 sin) 20. y+ By! ~ Day @yr-« 22, y= 2y" = sing +3082, 16 ~ Ur + Det 3 cose 14 By = Gre 23, yh = By By yee det 24, y" y bays Sethe 25, y+ Dy" y= U= DF 26, yO — yh dy Dae {n Probleme 27-36 solve the given initial-value problem, (By + ay = = ve7/8) = yap) Lye -4y= 1, =O ¥O=0 28, Iv #3’ — 2 29, Sy" y= Gx, MO) = 0,y"O) = =10 30. ye" Fay Hay = GB + Ne WO) = 2 yO = By" Sy 235%, VO “O=1e+ 32. y"~ cosh, 1 =2y'O = 12 Fysin ot, (0) = 0,20) 08 1, 110) = 0,20) =0 @rr-arey yO =4hy'O 36, y+ By = De 5 4 BE YO — Met + AoE, 90) = 4 yo) = + In Problems 37—40 solve the given boundary-value problem @rty- eh MO=S <0 38 y" =v! I= 2x~ 2 0) = Oya) = 7 39. y" 4 3y= 61, WO = OD FG) =0 40. y" 4 By = 6x, YO + 'O)= Gy) =0 In Problems 41 and 42 solve the given initial-value problem Jn which the input funtion g(1) is discontinuous. (Hine Solve each problem on two intervals, and then find a solu- ‘don so that y andy’ arecontinuous at x = a /2 Problem 41) and at « = 77 Problem 42) @y Hay=2@. 10 = Ly" = fi x 0s > af 80) 42, y" —2y" + 1Oy= ga), YO) =D,y'@) =O, where Discussion Problems 43, Consider the diferentin] equation ay" + by’ + ey = &, where a Bc, and & ate constants, The auxiliary equation of the associated homogeneous equation is an? t bn + c= 0. (a) If is not a root of the ausiliery equation, show that we can find a particular solution of the form xp Ac#, where A = T/lak? + DK + 6) (8) If kisa wot of the auxiliary equation of multiplicity cone, show that we ean find particular solution of he form yp™ Axel, where A= 1/Qak +b) Explain how we know that k # -b/(2a) (6) IFkis 9001 of the ausiliory equation of multiplicity ‘vo, show that we can finda pesticula solution of the formy = Are, whore A = 1/Qa. 44, Diseuss how the method of this seetion ean he used to find a particular golution of y" + y ~ sin x e08 2% Carry out your ides, ‘CHAPTER 4 HIGHER. ORDER DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS 48, Without solving, match solution cave of y" + y = fla) shown in the figure wih one of the following Hnetions @ fa) =. a fay =e. ai fay = 6) fen) = sin 2x, oO fa=e'sins, OD SO) Briefly diseuss your reasoning @ y \aala FIGURE 4.4.1 Solution curve © FIGURE 4.4.2. Solation curve Vu FIGURE 4.4.3 Solution eure "AWM FIGURE 4.4.4 Solution curve Computer Lab Assignments In Problems 46 and 47 find a particular solution ofthe given differential equation. Use a CAS as an aid in eorrying out dillerentations, simplifications, and algebra 46, 3" — Ay + By he?" eos 2x + 0x? = x= 1e* sin 2 2y" by = Des — Sein an