1. What is Political Question?

This refers to questions which involve the policy or the wisdom of the law or act, or the morality
or efficacy of the same. Generally, it cannot be inquired by the courts.

Further, these are questions which under the Constitution are decided by the people in their
sovereign capacity and where full discretionary authority has been delegated either to the
executive or legislative department.

2. Requirements in Taxpayer’s suit

To constitute Taxpayer’s suit, two requirements must be first upheld such as that the public funds
are disbursed by a political subdivision and instrumentality and in doing so, a law is violated or
some irregularity is committed. Second is that the petitioner is directly affected by the alleged
vires act.

3. Is the Calling-out power of the President is subject to Judicial Review?

No. As held in the case of IBP v. Hon. Zamora, when the President calls the armed forces to prevent
or suppress lawless violence, invasion or rebellion, he necessarily exercises a discretionary power
solely vested in his wisdom. Such act is clear from the intent of the framers and from the text of
the Constitution.

The widest leeway and broadest discretion in using the power to call out by the President is
considered as the lesser and more benign power compared to the power to suspend the privilege
of the writ of habeas corpus and the power to impose martial law.