https://www.researchgate.

net/publication/326271298_Defining_Safety_Hazards_Risks_in_Mining_Indu
stry_A_Case-Study_in_United_States

http://www.oshc.dole.gov.ph/images/Files/Info%20Materials/National-OSH-Profile.pdf

https://www.ilo.org/wcmsp5/groups/public/---asia/---ro-bangkok/---ilo-
manila/documents/publication/wcms_668734.pdf

https://www.researchgate.net/publication/307831919_Construction_Site_Workers'_Awareness_on_Usi
ng_Safety_Equipment_Case_Study

https://www.miningsafety.co.za/dynamiccontent/92/Reducing-Mining-Accidents-by-Evaluating-
Behavior

https://www.hoffmannworkcomp.com/workplace-injuries-related-to-ppe-failure-st-louis-injured-at-
work/

https://www.researchgate.net/publication/262813859_Awareness_of_occupational_hazards_and_use_
of_safety_measures_among_welders_A_cross-sectional_study_from_eastern_Nepal

https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/2dc7/b222cefadd3688d7cb2727922d0824d837c4.pdf

https://lib.dr.iastate.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=2401&context=rtd

https://www.researchgate.net/publication/328730820_Assessment_of_Personal_Protective_Equipmen
t_use_and_Occupational_Exposures_in_Small_Industry_in_Jeddah_Health_Implications_for_Workers

https://occup-med.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12995-016-0096-7

https://www.hsmemagazine.com/article/ppe-assessment-78/

A human error has been the key factor of industrial accidents since the dawn ofindustrialisation, while
before the industrial revolution it was just a problem (Simpson et al.2009) [1]. This error is an
unavoidable effect of being humans and potential errors in safety-related situations can and must be
controlled to mitigate their impact (Dekker 2006) [2].Rimmington, Chairman of the UK Health and Safety
Committee, commented on thesignificance of a human error, "Studies show that a human error is the
main secondary causeof 90% of major accidents, while 70% of them could be prevented through
managementactions (Rimmington, 1989) [3]. The time when technical safety measures were of
moreimportance has passed... Nowadays, we need to accept the significance of the human
factor"(Rimmington, 1993) [4].It is quite apparent that it is necessary to include the position of a human
factor(ergonomics) specialist in the manning table of mining companies. The main functions of this
Andrei Nikulin, Dmitry Ikonnikov, Iliya Dolzhikov

http://www.iaeme.com/IJCIET/index.asp 2010 editor@iaeme.com

specialist include the communication of information on workplace conditions and anindustrial safety
status to company employees in a convenient form (Reason, 2000) [5].Human factor (ergonomics)
specialists will contribute to decision-making with regard tothe following (Rushworth, 1996) [6]:

standardization of new equipment,

convenient use of best practices,

employee training,

investigation of the cause and effect of a major breakdown and accidents at the industrial site,

consultations for operators and managers on the implementation of new technologies, and
support of controls and display devices.

Furthermore, human factor (ergonomics) specialists can provide important information tohelp process
operators to correctly understand a work process status (Joy, 2000) [7]. The keyaspect of the human
error that global science focuses on nowadays is lack of control over thesituation (Joy, 20007) [8].
Control over the situation means that an operator or a team must beaware of what is going on around
them and understand how events and their own actions willimpact their work (

Horberry, 2006

) [9]. Control over the situation can be restored by makingthe work zone informative (Nikulin, 2017)
[10]. First, the use of personal protectiveequipment must be controllable. Second, employees must be
informed of the currentenvironmental status (air temperature, concentration of harmful substances,
electromagneticradiation level, etc.) (Romanov, 2016) [11]. Being informed of the situation in the work
zoneis a way towards significant safety improvement during mining operations (Nikulin, 2017)[12].

Conclusion

As data are collected at only one point during the study, actual use of PPE as well as the frequency of
use of the PPE could not be ascertained. For instance, some of the workers reported that they used
some types of PPE always, although it is also possible that they did not, and there was no way of
validating their reports. Efforts are taken in making sure that the workers actually had access to the PPE
they claimed to use by asking them to show the mentioned PPE. The use of observations in collecting
data on occupational exposures was useful to the study as a more objective way of collecting data, in
addition to self-reports by the workers.