OmniBAS All-Outdoor System

All-Outdoor Microwave Band
Networking Solutions
(OmniBAS-BX / OmniBAS-OSDR)
GDC-003/39
System Description
Edition 5.1
Confidential
The information contained in this document is subject to change without prior notice.
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INTRACOM TELECOM
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OmniBAS All-Outdoor Solutions
System Description - Edition 5.1
Document Revision History
Revisions This page shows the main changes effected in relation to the previous
edition of the document.
Revisions
Previous Document Edition: 5.0
Current Document Edition: 5.1
Reasons of The table below shows the main reasons for the document change effected
change in relation to the previous document edition:
Paragraph Change
Overview of OmniBAS Product Family Addition of OmniBAS-10P unit.
(page 9)
Aggregation Topologies (page 29) Fig. 14 modified.
Power Injectors (page 71) Update of power injectors' models.
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(Page intentionally left blank)
-II-
Table of Contents
1 Introduction .................................................................................................................. 9
Overview of OmniBAS Product Family ........................................................................... 9
About OmniBAS All-Outdoor Solutions ......................................................................... 13
2 Typical Applications .................................................................................................. 16
Mobile 4G / 5G Last-Mile Backhaul .............................................................................. 17
Leasing Services for ISPs ............................................................................................ 18
Enterprise Connectivity / Utility Companies / Resilient Network Infrastructures ............ 19
Unified Multi-Technology Backhaul .............................................................................. 20
3 Link Topologies .......................................................................................................... 23
1+0 Link Topology ........................................................................................................ 24
Repeater Topology ....................................................................................................... 24
1+1 Link Protection ...................................................................................................... 25
Ring Topology .............................................................................................................. 27
XPIC 2+0 & RLA 2+0 Topologies ................................................................................. 28
Aggregation Topologies................................................................................................ 29
4 Radio & Modem Functionality ................................................................................... 31
Adaptive Coding & Modulation (ACM) .......................................................................... 32
Radio Resource Control (RRC) .................................................................................... 34
Pre-Distortion ............................................................................................................... 35
Radio Link Aggregation (RLA) ...................................................................................... 36
5 Networking Functionality........................................................................................... 40
Layer 2 Bridging Modes................................................................................................ 40
QoS Mechanism ........................................................................................................... 44
Hierarchical QoS .......................................................................................................... 48
Ethernet OAM (Operation, Administration & Maintenance) ........................................... 50
Link Layer Discovery Protocol - LLDP .......................................................................... 51
Provisioning of Carrier Ethernet Services ..................................................................... 52
Packet Optimization ..................................................................................................... 56
6 Network Synchronization .......................................................................................... 58
Synchronous Ethernet (SyncE) .................................................................................... 59
IEEE 1588v2 PTP Transparent Clock (TC)................................................................... 60
7 Ethernet Protection Mechanisms .............................................................................. 61
1+1 Basic Link Protection ............................................................................................. 61
RSTP and MSTP Spanning Tree Protocols .................................................................. 64
Ethernet Ring Protection - ERP (G.8032v2) ................................................................. 65
Link Aggregation / Static LAG Protection ...................................................................... 67
8 Equipment Description .............................................................................................. 68
OmniBAS-OSDR Receptacles and Indicators .............................................................. 69
OmniBAS-BX Receptacles & Indicators ....................................................................... 70
Power Injectors ............................................................................................................ 71
Antennas & Couplers ................................................................................................... 72
5
Table of Contents
9 OmniBAS Management .............................................................................................. 73

Node Manager ............................................................................................................. 73
Network Management .................................................................................................. 75
10 Technical Specifications............................................................................................ 77
Radio & Modem Specifications ..................................................................................... 78
Standards ..................................................................................................................... 81
Networking Specifications ............................................................................................ 82
System Interfaces......................................................................................................... 85
Electrical Specifications ................................................................................................ 86
Mechanical Specifications ............................................................................................ 87
11 Radio & Modem Performance.................................................................................... 88
Transmit (Tx) Power ..................................................................................................... 89
Rx Thresholds .............................................................................................................. 91
System Gains ............................................................................................................... 93
Radio & Ethernet Throughputs ..................................................................................... 95
Link Ranges ................................................................................................................102
Glossary................................................................................................................................105
6
Table of Figures
Fig. 1: OmniBAS™ all-outdoor systems .................................................................................. 13

Fig. 2: Last-mile mobile backhaul application .......................................................................... 17
Fig. 3: Leasing Services for ISPs application ........................................................................... 18
Fig. 4: OmniBAS™-OSDR / OmniBAS™-BX serving utility companies ................................... 19
Fig. 5: Deployment of a backhaul network incorporating OmniBAS™ CBAN nodes ................ 20
Fig. 6: Connection capabilities of a CBAN node ...................................................................... 21
Fig. 7: Traffic & Power Connection options of OmniBAS™ all-outdoor systems ...................... 23
Fig. 8: OmniBAS™-OSDR / OmniBAS™-BX 1+0 Link Topology ............................................. 24
Fig. 9: Repeater Topology (OmniBAS™-OSDR / OmniBAS™-BX cascaded 1+0 links) .......... 24
Fig. 10: 1+1 OmniBAS™ all-outdoor systems protection ......................................................... 25
Fig. 11: Ring Configuration featuring add/drop capabilities ...................................................... 27
Fig. 12: XPIC 2+0 / RLA 2+0 Topology ................................................................................... 28
Fig. 13: Light Aggregation Topology ........................................................................................ 29
Fig. 14: OmniBAS™ Family overall deployment scenario ........................................................ 30
Fig. 15: ACM Mechanism ........................................................................................................ 32
Fig. 16: RLA Operation (2+0 equal speeds) ............................................................................ 37
Fig. 17: RLA Operation (2+0 unequal speeds) ........................................................................ 37
Fig. 18: RLA example for 2+0 link configuration ...................................................................... 38
Fig. 19: RLA and XPIC combination ........................................................................................ 39
Fig. 20: Mobile backhaul (C-VLAN mode) ............................................................................... 41
Fig. 21: Mobile & Corporate Backhaul schematic .................................................................... 43
Fig. 22: Ethernet QoS Mechanism schematic .......................................................................... 44
Fig. 23: Enqueuing stage ........................................................................................................ 45
Fig. 24: HQoS Multilevel Queue Scheduling ............................................................................ 48
Fig. 25: HQoS deployment example ........................................................................................ 49
Fig. 26: Ethernet private lines for corporations ........................................................................ 54
Fig. 27: EVPL for corporate extranet ....................................................................................... 55
Fig. 28: IEEE 802.3 Ethernet frame ......................................................................................... 56
Fig. 29: OmniBAS™ all-outdoor systems network synchronization.......................................... 58
Fig. 30: Protection options at Air-Link Side .............................................................................. 61
Fig. 31: Protection Functionality at Air-Link Side ..................................................................... 62
Fig. 32: Network Side Protection (via Ethernet Switch or OmniBAS™-4P) .............................. 63
Fig. 33: ERP example including OmniBAS™ all-outdoor systems ........................................... 65
Fig. 34: OmniBAS™-OSDR / OmniBAS™-BX Static LAG Protection ...................................... 67
Fig. 35: OmniBAS™ all-outdoor units ...................................................................................... 68
Fig. 36: OmniBAS™ OSDR connection panel ......................................................................... 69
Fig. 37: OmniBAS™-BX receptacles / indicator ....................................................................... 70
Fig. 38: Available power injectors ............................................................................................ 71
Fig. 39: Node Manager User Interface (UI).............................................................................. 73
Fig. 40: Insightful network operations with uni|MS™ ............................................................... 75
7
Table of Figures
8
1 Introduction
Overview of OmniBAS Product Family
Introduction The OmniBAS™ family of Intracom Telecom IP MW PtP portfolio comprises:

 Split-mount systems:
 OmniBAS™ Indoor Units (IDUs), 1RU / 2RU high and 19 wide.
 OmniBAS™ Outdoor Units (ODUs) & antenna systems.
 The OmniBAS™ all-outdoor system (based on OSDR - Outdoor

Software-Defined Radio and the new OmniBAS™-BX) integrating
everything (baseband / controller / modem / radio) into a robust enclosure.
OmniBAS™ The OmniBAS™ Indoor Units (IDUs)(1) are shown below:

IDUs
Indoor Unit (IDU) Description

Native-IP, compact IDU unit 1RU accommodating
one or two modem cards that are XPIC ready. It
employs a fanless chassis design providing
hardened characteristics in extreme environments.
It can be positioned at the edge of the network, or
can be used as a repeater and even as a ring node.
Interfaces:
OmniBAS™-2Wcx  4 x GbE (electrical) and 2 x GbE (SFP)
 16 x E1
Native-IP, modular IDU unit 1RU accommodating up
to two modems and one control card. It can be
positioned at the edge of the network, or can be
used as a repeater and even as a ring node.
Interfaces:
 2 x GbE (electrical) and 2 x GbE (electrical or
OmniBAS™-2W SFP)(2)
 16 x E1
Continued on next page
(1) For details, please refer to OmniBAS™ System Description.

(2) When Dual Media SFPs are installed, then only two out of four electrical GbE interfaces can be used.
9
Chapter 1. Introduction
Overview of OmniBAS Product Family, Continued
OmniBAS™
IDUs, continued

Native-IP, highly-modular IDU unit 2RU capable of
simultaneously accommodating eight radio modems
(XPIC ready), two interface cards and two controller
cards in the same chassis.
Modems can be flexibly chosen based on the
connection to an ODU (through coaxial IF cabling)
or to an all-outdoor OmniBAS™ OSDR system
(through Ethernet cabling).
Interfaces:
OmniBAS™-8W  Depending on Control cards used:
 2 x GbE (electrical) and 4 x GbE (SFP),
per 6GbE Control card
 (1+1) x 10GbE (SFP), 2 to 4(1) x GbE (SFP) and
2 x GbE (electrical), per 10GbE Control card.
 Tributary options - depending on Interface cards
used (up to two):
 16 / 32 x E1
 2 x STM-1 (VC-12)(2)
 4 x STM-1 (VC-12)(2)
 4 GbE
 OmniBAS™-8W is the base for the leading CBAN
(Converged Backhaul Aggregation Node)
supporting flexibly all MW technologies
appropriate for HetNets backhauling.
(1) GbE (SFPs) third and fourth are operational when the two 10GbE (SFP) are not activated.
(2)
Interface Card with 2 x STM-1 (VC-12) ports supports 1+0 and 1+1 operation modes. Also, Interface
Card with 4 x STM-1 (VC-12) ports supports 2+2 and 4+0 operation modes.
10
OmniBAS™
IDUs, continued

Native-IP, modular IDU unit 1RU capable of
simultaneously accommodating up to four radio
modems (XPIC ready), one controller card and one
interface card, all based on OmniBAS™ 8W cards.
Interfaces:
 Depending on Control card used:
 2 x GbE (electrical) and 4 x GbE (SFP)
(in case of 6GbE Control card), or
 (1+1) x 10GbE (SFP), 2 to 4(1) x GbE (SFP) and
2 x GbE (electrical) (in case of 10GbE Control card).
OmniBAS™-4W
 Tributary options - depending on Interface card used:
 16 / 32 x E1
 2 x STM-1 (VC-12)(2)
 4 x STM-1 (VC-12)(2)
 4 GbE
OmniBAS™-4P is an Ethernet traffic aggregation and
service transformation unit (half-rack, 1RU) that
expands connectivity capabilities of OmniBAS™-OSDR,
OmniBAS™-BX, WiBAS™ OSDR, StreetNode™ and
UltraLink™-FX80/BX70 all-outdoor systems.
OmniBAS™-4P OmniBAS™-10P(3) is the newest model version that
extends the capabilities of OmniBAS™-4P, whilst it’s
optimized for higher GbE and 10GbE traffic and
connectivity requirements.
Interfaces
 4 x GbE (electrical PonE enabled)
 2 / 4 x GbE (SFP) (OmniBAS-4P / 10P(3))
OmniBAS™-10P
 (1+1) x 10GbE (SFP+) (OmniBAS-10P(3))
 16 x E1 (OmniBAS-4P)
(1) GbE (SFPs) third and fourth are operational when the two 10GbE (SFP) are not activated.
(2)
Interface Card with 2 x STM-1 (VC-12) ports supports 1+0 and 1+1 operation modes. Also, Interface Card
with 4 x STM-1 (VC-12) ports supports 2+2 and 4+0 operation modes.
(3) Please, refer to product roadmap.
11
OmniBAS™ The existing line of Outdoor radios (ODU) covers a wide range of operating
ODUs(1) frequencies from 6 to 38 GHz.
The new generation of ODUs that are introduced gradually (available at 18 and
38 GHz)(2) are ultra-slim, support up to 112 MHz channels and feature the
same outstanding RF performance as the existing models.
Furthermore, a complete set of integrated (or standalone) antennas, along with
the required accessories, provides a comprehensive MW portfolio.
OmniBAS™ ODU OmniBAS™ Slim ODU Integrated outdoor system

(ODU-CFs) (Comprising two ODUs, one coupler and
an attached antenna 0.3 m)
OmniBAS™ OmniBAS™ OSDR (Outdoor Software Defined Radio) is a compact, native IP,
all-outdoor all outdoor unit having full compatibility with the split-mount OmniBAS™
systems systems. It is based on the market unique Outdoor Software Defined Radio
(OSDR) platform that is available at frequencies 10.5 to 38 GHz.
OmniBAS™-BX is the new generation all-outdoor Point-to-Point MW radio in
OmniBAS™ product family. OmniBAS™-BX extends the capabilities of OSDR
units and is introduced at 13(3), 18 and 38(3) GHz.
OmniBAS™-OSDR OmniBAS™-BX
(1) For details, please refer to OmniBAS™ System Description.

(2) For 13 GHz availability, please refer to product roadmap.
12
About OmniBAS All-Outdoor Solutions
Overview OmniBAS OSDR and OmniBAS-BX systems constitute the all-outdoor

members of OmniBAS family.
OmniBAS OSDR is based on the market unique Outdoor Software Defined
Radio (OSDR) platform that is available at frequencies 10.5 to 38 GHz.
OmniBAS-BX(1) is the new generation all-outdoor Point-to-Point MW radio in
OmniBAS™ product family. Featuring a new ultra-slim and low-weight
mechanical design, OmniBAS-BX extends the capabilities of OSDR units to
wider channels (112 MHz) and is introduced at 13(1), 18 and 38(1) GHz.
Both OmniBAS all-outdoor systems constitute ideal Point-to-Point MW
solutions aiming to offer state-of-the-art IP connectivity and are designed for
top-notch deployment flexibility in a wide variety of heterogeneous network
(HetNet) backhaul applications.
OmniBAS OSDR and OmniBAS-BX are link compatible with split-mount
OmniBAS™ systems supporting modulations up to 4096-QAM. They employ
advanced Ethernet and traffic processing functionality to demonstrate
exceptional MW radio performance, providing at the same time perfect
synergy with the newest Intracom Telecom portfolio of products comprising
the OmniBAS™, StreetNode™, UltraLink™, WiBAS™ and uni|MS™ families.
A broad range of peripherals and integrated antennas (0.3 / 0.6 / 0.8 / 1.2 /
1.8 m) complements the OmniBAS all-outdoor systems offering for complete
link installations.
OmniBAS all-outdoor systems best fits 4G/4G+/5G last-mile backhaul,
corporate IP connectivity, utilities / outside plants and rural communication
network applications.
Fig. 1: OmniBAS™ all-outdoor systems
13
About OmniBAS All-Outdoor Solutions, Continued
Highlights  Full-outdoor, native-IP, Point-to-Point (PtP) microwave solution.

(OmniBAS-
 Hitless Adaptive Coding and Modulation (ACM) from 4 to 4096 QAM.
OSDR &
OmniBAS-BX)  Radio Resource Control (RRC) with optimized ACM and ATPC.
 Support of Pre-Distortion.
 LDPC and ReedSolomon FEC.
 Leading, full-duplex 555 Mbit/s radio throughput over a single 56 MHz channel.
 Excessive full-duplex 880 Mbit/s line rate over a single 56 MHz channel.
 System Configurations:
 1+0
 1+1 (System Protection). Direct systems interconnection (no IDU needed).
 2+0 East-West
 Advanced Ethernet QoS features to fully support various classes of traffic:
 Packet classification per VLAN / P-Bits / DSCP / IPv6 TC / MPLS EXP.
 Traffic Policing (Two-Rate, Three-Color Policer (2R3CP)).
 8 CoS queues with configurable queue size.
 IFG / PRE & MAC Header Suppression.
 Queue Management: Tail Drop / WRED.
 Egress rate limiting / shaping per port.
 MEF9 & MEF14 compliant (EPL, EVPL and E-LAN).
 Strict Priority (SP), Weighted Round Robin (WRR), Weighted Fair Queuing
(WFQ) and Hybrid (SP and WRR or WFQ) scheduling.
 RSTP (IEEE 802.1W).
 Ethernet ring protection (ITU-T G.8032v2).
 Ethernet OAM suite:
 Connectivity Fault Management (CFM) (IEEE 802.1ag).
 Service Performance Monitoring (PM) (ITU-T Y.1731).
 Ethernet Link OAM (EFM) (IEEE 802.3ah).
 Jumbo frames up to 9600 bytes.
 Synchronous Ethernet (ITU-T G.8261 / G.8262 / G.8264 ESMC).
 IEEE 1588v2 Transparent Clock (TC).
 Node Manager, embedded Web Server (Web UI).
 G.826 statistics for radio paths.
 RMON statistics for Gigabit Ethernet ports.
14
About OmniBAS All-Outdoor Solutions, Continued
OmniBAS-BX  Channels up to 112 MHz.

additions (1)
 Leading, full-duplex 1110 Mbit/s radio throughput over a single 112 MHz
channel.
 Excessive full-duplex up to 2000 Mbit/s line rate over a single 112 MHz
channel using header compressions.
 Up to 2000 Mbit/s for XPIC 2+0 configuration.
 System Configurations:
 1+1 HSB
 XPIC 2+0
 Radio Link Aggregation (RLA) for increased capacity and load balancing.
 MSTP (IEEE 802.1s).
 Link Layer Discovery Protocol - LLDP (IEEE 802.1AB).
 LoS MIMO (Multiple-input Multiple-Output).
 H-QoS (CE 2.0).
 IP / MPLS.
 Ethernet Bandwidth Notification - ETH-BN (G.8013 / Y.1731)
 Encryption AES 256 (FIPS -197 certified).
 SNMPv3
 SDN (NETCONF) support.
 Dual-band support along with UltraLink-GX80.
15
Chapter 2. Typical Applications
2 Typical Applications
This chapter describes the typical applications which the OmniBAS™

all-outdoor systems can support:
 Mobile 4G / 5G Last-Mile Backhaul
 Leasing Services for ISPs
 Enterprise Connectivity / Utility Companies / Resilient Network Infrastructures
 Unified Multi-Technology Backhaul
For graphical simplicity, the following pages depict OmniBAS™

all-outdoor systems without antennas.
16
Mobile 4G / 5G Last-Mile Backhaul
Today’s mobile networks require advanced IP MW transmission systems for

last-mile 4G/ 4G+/ 5G sites or /and new IP Multi-standard Base Stations.
4G introduces flat-IP architectures enabling throughputs of up to several
hundreds of Mbit/s per sector, even or last-mile.
5G will extend the requirements of backhaul network to support Gigabit
throughput, low latency and more advanced traffic control capabilities.
Therefore, a modern MW system must offer high IP capacity and advanced
functionality to serve the increased mobile traffic demands.
OmniBAS™-OSDR being a native IP MW all-outdoor radio, enabling 4096-QAM
in channels up to 56 MHz and offering scalable, pay-as-you-grow capacity – up
to 1 Gbit/s – on a single radio link satisfies all the essential requirements of 4G
last-mile backhaul.
The new generation OmniBAS™-BX, enabling 4096-QAM, 112 MHz channels
and RLA & XPIC operation with no single point-of-failure, is intended to satisfy
the extended requirements of last-mile zero-footprint backhaul solutions to
support radio capacity in excess of 1 Gbit/s. Furthermore, OmniBAS™-BX
constitutes an ideal solution for zero-footprint high-speed IP connectivity for
corporations and utilities applications.
Fig. 2: Last-mile mobile backhaul application
17
Leasing Services for ISPs
Competitive fixed service providers with own network infrastructure are

interested in exploiting their available capacity efficiently in order to generate
new revenue streams.
OmniBAS™ all-outdoor systems can offer a broad range of high-speed
connectivity services to wireless or wireline fixed-line operators or ISPs. By
incorporating top-notch reliability and highly-efficient bandwidth handling
mechanisms, OmniBAS™ all-outdoor systems allow excessive capacity to
be leased to corporate customers needing:
 Cost-effective, high-capacity permanent connections, and
 Standardized Ethernet services, like EPL, EP-LAN or EVP-LAN, with
assured performance.
Fig. 3: Leasing Services for ISPs application
18
Enterprise Connectivity / Utility Companies / Resilient

Network Infrastructures
Utility companies, governmental and other state organizations can deploy

OmniBAS™ all-outdoor systems in their plants, distribution stations and office
locations to:
 Create LANs among their buildings in a site.
 Convey controller data and traffic from security / surveillance cameras to
their central monitoring location.
Furthermore, utility companies involved in the energy sector (oil, natural gas,
electricity, water, etc.) and with own facilities at high-risk locations, where
natural disasters – flood, forest fires or hurricanes – may occur, are developing
emergency recovery plans to mitigate the risk from such situations.
Fig. 4: OmniBAS™-OSDR / OmniBAS™-BX serving utility companies
19
Unified Multi-Technology Backhaul
Introduction A Converged Backhaul Aggregation Node (CBAN) solution can flexibly

leverage best-of-breed MW technologies to optimally address the HetNet
backhaul challenge.
This application refers to the full set of Intracom Telecom radio products.
Such a solution can build upon the design features used in the well-established
OmniBAS™ product line providing best synergy with other Intracom Telecom
radio offerings (OmniBAS™ ODUs, OSDR platform, UltraLink™, StreetNode™
MW PtP-PtmP, StreetNode™ V60 PTP).
OmniBAS for The schematic below refers to an indicative application example depicting
CBAN OmniBAS™ CBAN nodes that coexist with diverse technologies (PtP, E/V Band
applications and PtMP) to provide combined applications. OmniBAS™ CBAN nodes, being
part of a resilient Ethernet ring, constitute the core of this application integrating
all peripheral wireless connections.
Operators are able to establish a solid foundation in their macro-cell backhaul
network, enrich it, in order to unify the aggregation layer for HetNets, and finally
accelerate small-cell deployment.
Fig. 5: Deployment of a backhaul network incorporating OmniBAS™ CBAN nodes
20
Unified Multi-Technology Backhaul, Continued
Realization of a CBAN takes shape by configuring an OmniBAS™ Indoor Unit (IDU) with the
CBAN node appropriate cards.
The OmniBAS™-8W/-4W IDU, besides the modems for connecting ODUs
(used in split-mount node configurations), can be equipped with Power on
Ethernet modems to support a wide variety of all-outdoor MW and mmWave
radios (see Fig. 6).
In addition, OmniBAS™-4P/10P(1) provides four Gigabit Ethernet interfaces,
PonE enabled, for connection to any outdoor radio of the current Intracom
Telecom portfolio.
Fig. 6: Connection capabilities of a CBAN node
(1) For OmniBAS-10P availability, please refer to product roadmap.
21
Unified Multi-Technology Backhaul, Continued
Solution The CBAN solution implemented with the OmniBAS™ IDUs offers the
benefits following benefits:
 Unified macro and small-cell backhaul.
 Flexible deployment of MW & mmW technologies, PtP and PtMP.
 Optimized backhaul performance end-to-end.
 High scalability.
 Carrier-grade MW performance & reliability.
 Optimum utilization of licensed MW & mmWave radio spectrum.
 Plenty of IP capacity.
 Enabler for dual-band links.
 Enabler for network sharing and managed backhaul models.
 Unified management suite (uni|MS™) for network and services.
 Simplified network planning, operation and maintenance.
For details on equipment description of Converged Backhaul Aggregation

Node (CBAN), please refer to OmniBAS System Description.
22
3 Link Topologies
Chapter On the following pages, the typical link topologies of OmniBAS™ all-outdoor
topics systems are described:
 1+0 Link Topology
 Repeater Topology
 1+1 Link Protection
 Ring Topology
 XPIC 2+0 & RLA 2+0 Topologies
 Aggregation Topologies
Connectivity Prior to representing the typical link topologies of OmniBAS™ all-outdoor

options systems, the basic traffic and power connection options of the OmniBAS™
all-outdoor systems are shown (Fig. 7).
The schematics of Fig. 7 are only indicative (not all possible traffic and power
connections are shown).
Fig. 7: Traffic & Power Connection options of OmniBAS™ all-outdoor systems
23
Chapter 3. Link Topologies
1+0 Link Topology
Fig. 8 shows how OmniBAS™ all-outdoor systems can be configured for 1+0
configuration.
For local traffic add/drop purposes the GbE line interfaces can be connected to
site switch / CPE.
Fig. 8: OmniBAS™-OSDR / OmniBAS™-BX 1+0 Link Topology
Repeater Topology
Several OmniBAS™ all-outdoor links can be cascaded (see Fig. 9) to enhance

network deployment flexibility and achieve longer distances.
At each node, two OmniBAS™-OSDR (or two OmniBAS™-BX) systems can be
interconnected back-to-back. For local traffic add/drop purposes the Gigabit line
interfaces can be used.
Fig. 9: Repeater Topology (OmniBAS™-OSDR / OmniBAS™-BX cascaded 1+0 links)
24
1+1 Link Protection
Introduction The 1+1 protected system configuration provides increased service

availability even in extreme conditions by means of a working - standby
system pair. Two OmniBAS™-OSDR (or OmniBAS™-BX) radios are
interconnected and attached to a coupler and a single antenna per link side(1).
OmniBAS™ all-outdoor systems supports:
 1+1 basic link protection (OmniBAS™-OSDR / OmniBAS™-BX).
 1+1 HSB hitless protection (OmniBAS™-BX).
Fig. 10: 1+1 OmniBAS™ all-outdoor systems protection
1+1 basic link In 1+1 basic link protection, both OmniBAS™-OSDR (or OmniBAS™-BX)
protection radio units require separate traffic and power feeding through a power
(OmniBAS- injector. At each site, one radio can transmit and receive (working mode)
OSDR / while the other can only receive (standby mode).
OmniBAS-BX)
The 1+1 basic link protection of OmniBAS™ all-outdoor systems is always
performed by accessing the working system that is responsible to keep
standby system updated.
For details on 1+1 basic link protection of OmniBAS™ all-outdoor systems,
see par. 1+1 Basic Link Protection on page 61.
An alternative implementation includes two OmniBAS™-OSDR systems interconnected with an S-FTP

(1)
cable (through their Fast Ethernet ports) and attached to a different antenna each.
25
1+1 Link Protection, Continued
1+1 HSB In 1+1 OmniBAS™-BX Hot Standby (HSB) protection(1), both radios can
protection receive but only one of them transmits (per link side).
(OmniBAS-BX)
This configuration provides a way to protect against transmitter (Tx), receiver
(Rx) or other hardware faults. Especially, the Rx protection is hitless since in
1+1 HSB operation the two receivers per link side “listen to” the same data
from the opposite link side and automatically select the less impaired stream.
In 1+1 HSB configuration the two OmniBAS™-BX units are interconnected
through the high-speed interconnection capable interfaces that transfer traffic
and signaling information.
It's recommended to feed both units with the GbE electrical for traffic and
power over Ethernet.
Switchover The conditions under which system switchover takes place in 1+1 basic link
conditions or HSB protection include:
 Power down.
 Rebooting of the working unit.
 Remote Alarm Indication (RAI) on protected radio units pair.
 Hardware or software problem in the working unit.
 GbE link failure.
 Radio communication error in the receive direction of working unit.
 Replacement or misalignment of the antenna.
26
Ring Topology
Description Fig. 11 shows how OmniBAS™ all-outdoor systems establish native Ethernet
protected rings in 2+0 East-West configuration through RSTP (IEEE 802.1w)
or Ethernet Ring Protection (ERP) G.8032v2.
Fig. 11: Ring Configuration featuring add/drop capabilities
Switching Below the OmniBAS™ Ethernet ring protection capabilities are listed:
capabilities  Protection and recovery switching within 50 ms.
 Efficient bandwidth utilization of ring traffic with multiple instances.
 Automatic reversion mechanism upon fault recovery.
 Multiple and interconnected rings.
 Loop prevention mechanisms.
27
XPIC 2+0 & RLA 2+0 Topologies
Two OmniBAS™-BX radios (per link side) can be combined with an OrthoMode
Transducer (OMT) or symmetrical or asymmetrical coupler, in an XPIC 2+0 and
RLA 2+0 configurations(1), in order to provide higher reliability (protection) and
higher capacity.
 XPIC 2+0 functionality effectively double the air capacity over the same
channel size. The utilizations of two orthogonally-polarized waves (V-polarized,
H-polarized) eliminates the cross-interference at the reception side.
 Radio Link Aggregation (RLA) 2+0 configuration provides traffic aggregation
from two physical links in single logical stream. In OmniBAS™-BX systems,
RLA 2+0 is supported for an aggregate traffic rate of up to 2 Gbit/s. Upon
failure of one radio transceiver, the RLA 2+0 configuration reverts to 1+0 with
the remaining link forwarding the traffic over the air based on priority of traffic
flows.
In both configurations, the two OmniBAS™-BX units are interconnected through
the high-speed interconnection capable interfaces that transfer traffic and
signaling information. It's recommended to feed both units with power.
XPIC can be supported with or without RLA functionality.
RLA 2+0 and XPIC 2+0 configurations enable both radio and interface
redundancy.
Fig. 12: XPIC 2+0 / RLA 2+0 Topology
28
Aggregation Topologies
Introduction OmniBAS™ split-mount IDU (OmniBAS™-4W/8W) or OmniBAS™-4P/10P(1)

can effectively aggregate traffic from multiple OmniBAS™ all-outdoor nodes
for multiplexing, processing and forwarding the traffic to (and from) the
aggregation network.
Aggregation Fig. 13 shows how an OmniBAS™-4W system aggregates traffic from four
topology via OmniBAS™-OSDR / OmniBAS™-BX nodes:
OmniBAS-4W
Fig. 13: Light Aggregation Topology
29
Aggregation Topologies, Continued
Overall The wide range of deployment scenarios enabled by the OmniBAS™ portfolio
deployment is shown below making clear the full interoperability between OmniBAS™
scenario split-mount and OmniBAS™ all-outdoor systems.
Fig. 14: OmniBAS™ Family overall deployment scenario
30
4 Radio & Modem Functionality
Introduction OmniBAS™ all-outdoor systems make efficient radio resources usage to

transport packet services and to offer more capacity with lower cost-per-bit:
 Optimum 100% radio bandwidth utilization due to the advanced radio
mechanisms.
 Ethernet services are carried over a common layer and share an efficient
common radio pipe.
 Ability to overbook available capacity in a multi-technology environment.
Chapter topics This chapter describes the following features that contribute to the
OmniBAS™ advanced radio functionality:
 Adaptive Coding & Modulation (ACM)
 Radio Resource Control (RRC)
 Pre-Distortion
 Radio Link Aggregation (RLA)
31
Chapter 4. Radio & Modem Functionality
Adaptive Coding & Modulation (ACM)
Introduction In microwave PtP radio networks, both link performance and service
availability are highly dependable on the weather conditions. An effective
solution to this problem is the use of an ACM mechanism.
Description of OmniBAS™ all-outdoor systems employ a hitless 10-state ACM mechanism

the ACM that dynamically changes the modulation and coding, based on specific link
mechanism quality metrics. This unique link adaptation mechanism accordingly engages
all the available modulation schemes – from 4-QAM to 4096-QAM – to best fit
link’s conditions.
During stormy weather, for instance, OmniBAS™-OSDR / OmniBAS™-BX
automatically drops the modulation so that the bandwidth associated with
non-real-time, data-based applications is reduced. At the same time, the
bandwidth reserved for real-time, high-revenue applications (such as video
and voice), remains intact.
A higher modulation always means higher throughput. The excessive
bandwidth (beyond the one reserved for critical applications) can be allocated
to non-real-time applications, such as download services, which are less
tolerant to system availability.
The ACM mechanism uses the following parameters to determine when to
change modulation:
 SNR.
 FEC code stress (LDPC corrected codewords).
 Available transmit (Tx) Power.
The ACM mechanism is fast enough to withstand 100 dB/sec channel fading.
Fig. 15: ACM Mechanism
32
Adaptive Coding & Modulation (ACM), Continued
Support of According to ETH-OAM (ITU-T Y.1731 08/2015), the ETH-BN (Ethernet

Ethernet Bandwidth Notification) function enables OmniBAS™-BX system(1) to signal
Bandwidth (in BNM –Bandwidth Notification Message) the MW link rate changes /
Notification deviations due to ACM from a nominal value relevant to each MW link’s
physical conditions to connected routers at the upstream direction in order to
allow them to take other proper actions (like QoS , shaping (reduces the rate
of traffic being directed towards the degraded link), re-routing, etc.).
ETH-BN feature allows operators to take advantage of the maximum
available air bandwidth under any atmospheric conditions, since they can
deploy ring topology or non-ring topology backhaul networks, while
cooperating with adaptive modulation radios.
Benefits The ACM feature offers significant benefits as follows:

 Maximum spectrum utilization that saves CapEx.
 Leading air throughputs and system gain.
 Range extension without change in link robustness.
 Guaranteed uninterrupted delivery of critical services.
 Excessive capacity that can be exploited to deliver value-added, packet-
based services.
 Ability to use smaller antennas.
33
Radio Resource Control (RRC)
Introduction In MW communications, a particular frequency channel occasionally suffers

from transmission loss mainly due to the multipath fading.
In such cases, not only the C/N ratio of the particular channel gets
worsened, but also the interference from adjacent frequency channels is
increased, degrading the quality of the received signals.
RRC is referred to an algorithm that combines ACM and ATPC for optimally
handling the aforementioned phenomena.
Description of ATPC (Automatic Transmit Power Control) is commonly used as a link

ATPC quality improvement technique to control the level of the transmit power only
for any modulation scheme and frequency channel.
The ATPC mechanism works as follows: under clear sky conditions the
transmit side is gradually increasing the transmit power until an optimum
predefined SNR level is attained at the receive side. This predefined
optimum SNR level is set above the predefined ACM increment threshold
(the level that that forces modulation increase) and therefore ATPC
algorithm drives the link fast in the highest modulation that can be sustained
with optimum SNR.
When a drop in the reception signal level is detected, the transmit side is
informed accordingly to gradually increase the transmit power in order to
sustain the optimum SNR level at the receive side. If this increase is not
adequate to keep the SNR above the ACM decrement threshold, the
modulation scheme will be decreased one or more steps until optimum SNR
is reached again.
When fading effect disappears, the ATPC and ACM mechanisms will again
drive the system fast in the highest modulation that can be sustained with
optimum SNR.
The use of ATPC mechanism is recommended for links where transmitting
at an optimum power level instead of the maximum is required (e.g.
networks with increased interference levels).
The transmit power can be set in one of the following ways:
 Manually by the user to any acceptable value within the transmit power
range of the system (e.g. required for special purposes, such as regulatory
restrictions for the transmit level).
 Optimally per modulation to the lowest value that provides sufficient SNR.
 Automatically, in the highest possible that provides maximum SNR in the
achieved modulation.
34
Radio Resource Control (RRC), Continued
Link quality OmniBAS™ all-outdoor systems feature Radio Resource Control (RRC), an
optimization advanced link performance optimization algorithm that optimally combines
ACM with ATPC, to enable:
 Automatic setting of the maximum available power per ACM mode.
 Continuous control and adjustment of the optimum power (per ACM mode)
for the remote receiver.
On dynamic basis, RRC perfectly balances between the maximum available
link capacity and the minimum radio interference, based on the application
and the specific link conditions.
The result is optimum link performance and maximum capacity for changing
radio propagation environments.
Pre-Distortion
OmniBAS™ all-outdoor systems feature Pre-Distortion, a special algorithm

designed by Intracom Telecom to provide a more efficient operation of the
transmitter, especially in higher modulations. Enabling Pre-Distortion, higher
Tx power values and longer ranges are achieved resulting in up to 9 dB
improvement in the system gain for 4096-QAM.
The Tx power values of OmniBAS™ all-outdoor systems when
Pre-Distortion is enabled or disabled are given in details in par. Transmit
(Tx) Power, on page 89.
35
Radio Link Aggregation (RLA)
Introduction RLA (Layer 1 Link Aggregation) overcomes the practical limitations of Layer
2 link aggregation, which include the inefficient allocation of Ethernet frames
to the physical radio links.
With RLA, the total capacity of the logical link is the sum of the capacity of all
physical links associated with the same RLA group.
In general, the RLA algorithm distributes the packets coming from the line
interface to the available radio paths, based on the actual capacity of each
path. At the other side of the link, the packets (received over the radio paths)
are re-assembled and forwarded to the outgoing traffic interface. This is
made possible through the high speed interconnection cable that connects
the two OmniBAS™-BX units(1).
RLA The RLA technique featured by OmniBAS™-BX(1) has the following

characteristics characteristics:
 Combination of two links into one logical stream.
 RLA also applies 2+0 XPIC configuration (combination of the two different
polarization paths in the same frequency).
 Optimum allocation of Ethernet frames to the physical radio links.
 Support of physical links of different throughput capacity, which is the case
for MW links utilizing ACM.
 Automatic load balancing among the radio links.
 Fast switching time in case of link failure.
 In case of congestion (or a link failure), priority is given to the
high-priority traffic.
Description of OmniBAS™-BX assigns the incoming packets to those radios associated

the RLA with the same RLA group, based on a packet-based round-robin algorithm.
mechanism In particular, packet after packet is fed serially to each one of the radios
participating in the RLA group. This process is repeated in rounds.
(1) Please refer to product roadmap.
36
Radio Link Aggregation (RLA), Continued
Description of Fig. 16 depicts how the RLA mechanism normally takes place assuming a
the RLA group composed of two links of equal throughput capacity:
mechanism,
continued
Fig. 16: RLA Operation (2+0 equal speeds)
This algorithm runs in parallel to both units and has inherent load balancing.
In case one of the links fails to retain its initial throughput capacity (due to the
dropping of its physical mode, from 2048-QAM to 64-QAM for instance), the
RLA mechanism will feed the radios according to the current capabilities of
each individual link.
In the Fig. 17, the radio corresponding to the degraded link #2 will be fed with
50% less traffic until the link’s initial mode (2048-QAM) is restored.
Fig. 17: RLA Operation (2+0 unequal speeds)
In case one of the links presents great imbalance (i.e. 4-QAM) with respect to
the other links, the RLA mechanism will stop feeding the respective radio and
keep alive only the remaining links of the group.
The RLA has the following criteria to find out if a Tx link has problem:
Local Rx fail, Local Tx Alarm or Remote Rx fail (RAI mechanism).
The RLA mechanism stops to use the faulty Tx link when one of the above
alarms occurs and restore it again when the alarm is cleared.
37
RLA example Fig. 18 depicts a MW link realized with OmniBAS™-BX systems operating in
for 2+0 link 2+0 configuration. In this example, the total effective throughput is the sum of
configurations the two link throughputs. The total load is also balanced between the two
links. In case the one of the links (e.g. Link 2) fails, and considering the full
capacity of an OmniBAS™ link, the link 1 undertakes to uninterruptedly carry
the critical, high-priority Ethernet traffic, while reducing the total system
throughput to that of a single link. In this way, only the low-priority traffic (e.g.
Internet downloading) is affected without any impact on the critical services
(such as voice).
In this example, RLA enables the most efficient and resilient radio link
utilization:
 Doubling of throughput to fit demanding LTE applications.
 Automatic load balancing between the radio links.
 Elimination of the need for two (or more) VLANs associated with the same
Ethernet port. One VLAN is enough to be assigned to the port’s total gross
payload.
Fig. 18: RLA example for 2+0 link configuration
38
RLA and XPIC When combined with XPIC (see Fig. 19), RLA enables the most efficient and
resilient radio link utilization:
 RLA applies 2+0 XPIC configuration (combination of the two different
polarization paths in the same frequency).
 Reduction in half of the frequency bandwidth allocations.
 Doubling of throughput to fit demanding LTE applications.
 Automatic load balancing between the two polarizations.
 Elimination of the need for two (or more) VLANs associated with the same
Ethernet port. One VLAN is enough to be assigned to the port’s total
payload.
Fig. 19: RLA and XPIC combination
39
Chapter 5. Networking Functionality
5 Networking Functionality
This chapter describes the Ethernet networking functionality supported by the

OmniBAS™ all-outdoor systems:
 Layer 2 Bridging Modes
 QoS Mechanism
 Hierarchical QoS
 Ethernet OAM (Operation, Administration & Maintenance)
 Link Layer Discovery Protocol - LLDP
 Provisioning of Carrier Ethernet Services
 Packet Optimization
Layer 2 Bridging Modes
Introduction This paragraph describes the Layer 2 bridging functionality for mobile and
corporate backhaul applications.
L2 bridging OmniBAS™ all-outdoor systems support the following L2 bridging modes:

modes &
characteristics Bridging Characteristics
Modes
C-VLAN  Supports IEEE 802.1Q and IEEE 802.1p.
 L2 ports can accept Ethernet frames that are:
 Untagged
 Tagged-only
 Untagged & tagged
S-VLAN  MEF9 & MEF14 support (EPL, EVPL, EP-LAN, EVP-LAN).
 Supports Q-in-Q functionality.
 Programmable S-VLAN Ethernet type.
 L2 port modes:
 Transparent (Q-in-Q tunnel port).
 Provider (for accepting double-tagged Ethernet frames).
40
Layer 2 Bridging Modes, Continued
Mobile Fig. 20 depicts a typical wireless network where a mobile operator, with
backhaul Ethernet interfaces, needs to backhaul traffic to the RNC / LTE EPC.
(C-VLAN mode) The required backhauling functionality is provided by the OmniBAS™
all-outdoor systems.
A VLAN id is assigned to an eNodeB / NodeB. Each VLAN is corresponds to a
tunnel through the MEN toward the RNC / LTE EPC. Only C-VLAN tagged
Ethernet frames are used in this configuration. The OmniBAS™ GbE ports
(facing the access network) operate in C-VLAN mode and can be
programmed to accept tagged-only Ethernet frames. Also, the OmniBAS™
modem L2 port operates in C-VLAN mode and is programmed to accept
tagged-only Ethernet frames for preventing undesired traffic from being
forwarded.
Ethernet frames from all the Base Stations are forwarded through the wireless
backhaul network to an Ethernet Switch, which is located at the edge of the
Metro Ethernet Network (MEN). The latter can be any of the following:
 IEEE 802.1ad (Q-in-Q) – the switch adds/ strips an S-tag for each individual
C-VLAN.
 MPLS – in this case an appropriate MPLS router is used for mapping
C-VLANs to LSPs.
Fig. 20: Mobile backhaul (C-VLAN mode)
41
Mobile & Fig. 21 depicts a typical wireless network where OmniBAS™ all-outdoor
corporate systems provide traffic backhaul services to mobile operators and to
backhaul corporate customers simultaneously.
Ethernet traffic from NodeB sites is forwarded toward the RNC / LTE EPC
site, while corporate Ethernet traffic – from business A and business B sites
– is forwarded toward the respective remote corporate premises.
OmniBAS™ all-outdoor nodes need to add the appropriate Service provider
tags (S-tags). The functionality at UNIs is as follows:
Site Addition / Stripping of S-tags
NodeB #1 OmniBAS™-OSDR / OmniBAS™-BX at NodeB #1 site adds
an S-tag=100 at ingress and strips the S-tag=100 at egress.
Business A #1 OmniBAS™-OSDR / OmniBAS™-BX at Business A #1 site
adds an S-tag=103 for the whole user port (E-Line service) at
ingress and strips the S-tag=103 at egress.
Business A #2 OmniBAS™-OSDR / OmniBAS™-BX at Business A #2 site
Business B #1 OmniBAS™-OSDR / OmniBAS™-BX at Business B #1 site
Business B #2 The VLAN Switch at Business B #2 site adds an
S-tag=104 for the whole user port (E-Line service) at ingress
and strips the S-tag=104 at egress.
The OmniBAS™ GbE ports (facing the access network) operate in S-VLAN
Transparent mode, whilst the ports attached to MEN are configured in
S-VLAN Provider mode. Metro Ethernet Network (MEN) can be any of the
following:
 IEEE 802.1ad (Q-in-Q)
 MPLS – in this case an appropriate MPLS router is used for mapping
S-VLANs to LSPs.
The S-VLAN id is used for opening a tunnel toward the RNC / LTE EPC and
through the MEN.
42
Mobile & corporate

backhaul, continued
Fig. 21: Mobile & Corporate Backhaul schematic
43
QoS Mechanism
Introduction OmniBAS™ all-outdoor systems accommodate advanced Quality of Service

(QoS) features, which fit any demanding application. The Ethernet traffic
processing stages, which contribute to the OmniBAS™-OSDR /
OmniBAS™-BX QoS mechanism (ingress to egress), are illustrated below:
Fig. 22: Ethernet QoS Mechanism schematic
Classification Incoming packets can be classified in distinct Class of Services (CoS) per:
CoS per Details
Interface All the Ethernet packets coming from the port.
Interface & VLAN Incoming port and the outer VLAN ID (or inner VLAN
ID if frame is double-tagged).
Interface & P-Bits Incoming port and IEEE 802.1p VLAN Header P-Bits.
Interface, VLAN ID & P-Bits Incoming port and combination of VLAN ID and P-Bits
values.
Interface & DSCP Incoming port and the Differentiated services Code
Point (DSCP) value.
Interface and IPv6 TC Incoming port and the IPV6 packet Traffic Class 8-bit
field.
Interface and MPLS EXP Incoming port and the MPLS packet header EXP bits.
44
QoS Mechanism, Continued
Policing In every ingress flow the OmniBAS™-OSDR / OmniBAS™-BX bridge can

apply the following actions:
 Dropping of flow packets using tail drop or Weighted Random Early
Detection (WRED).
 Policing - The flow packets are policed and prioritized by a two-rate,
three-color marking policer based on a MEF 10.1. More specifically, the
incoming information rate is measured and compared with the predefined
rate limits – typically CIR / EIR and CBS / EBS – and applies traffic
policing with drop option (two-rate, three-color marking) for post-
processing by the scheduler stage. Non-conforming frames are either
discarded or tagged (marked).
 Priority Mapping - A specific output queue ID (from 0 to 7) is selected for
the flow packet.
 Remarking - The p-bits value of the flow packet is changed according to
the remark value (ranging from 0 to 7). This action takes places when the
packet is transmitted from a Layer 2 bridge port.
Forwarding Selection of the output port which the packets will be forwarded to.
Forwarding process is based on packets’ VLAN ID and MAC address.
Enqueuing The egress packets are enqueued in eight (8) queues (per egress bridge
port) based on ingress classification applied. Each queue supports a
different priority Ethernet QoS. Before packets are inserted into appropriate
queue, Congestion Control mechanism is applied.
Fig. 23: Enqueuing stage
45
Enqueuing, Queue congestion management

continued
 Tail Drop - Frames in a queue are dropped when the queue buffer is filled
up completely.
 WRED (Weighted Random Early Discard) - WRED randomly drops
packets to avoid link congestion to achieve better link utilization. WRED
will drop a packet only when the queue average size is between specific
thresholds. When the average queue size exceeds the minimum
threshold, the WRED module drops each arriving packet with a certain
probability, where the exact probability is a function of the average queue
size. Therefore, the WRED mechanism keeps the average queue size low
while allowing occasional bursts of packets in the queue. When the
average queue size exceeds the maximum threshold, the WRED module
drops all packets until the average queue size decreases the maximum
threshold. The average queue size is based in the previous average and
the current queue size.
Scheduling For the de-queuing of packets from queues, OmniBAS™ all-outdoor systems
support the following Scheduling mechanisms:
 Strict Priority (SP) - Scheduling is based on the fixed queues priority.
Packets in the high-priority queue always transmit first, and packets in the
low-priority queue do not transmit until all the high-priority queues become
empty.
 Weighted Round Robin (WRR) or WFQ (Weighted Fair Queueing) -
WRR or WFQ scheduling mode guarantees that no output queue will get
more than a predetermined proportion of line capacity. A weight value is
assigned to each output queue reflecting the packets that will be transmitted
from a queue before proceeding to the next queue. The difference between
the two modes concerns the weight values. In WRR weight values count
packets, while in WFQ weight values count bytes.
 Hybrid (SP+WRR or SP+WFQ) - Hybrid scheduling mode is a combination
of Strict and WRR or WFQ modes. One or two output queues are selected to
have Strict Priority (SP) and the rest to have a configurable weight counting
in packets (WRR) or bytes (WFQ).
Egress traffic Port shaping provides a means to control the aggregate traffic through a port
Rate Limiting / to a rate that is less than the max port rate. The shaping functionality on
Shaping egress ports observes the QoS priority for dropped packets. Thus, if needed,
lower-priority packets are dropped first increasing usable bandwidth of more
critical packets. In OmniBAS™ all-outdoor systems, port shaping is based on
CIR (in Mbit/s) and CBS (in Bytes) parameters.
Transmission The packets are transmitted toward the radio path.
46
Packet buffer A packet buffer is memory space set aside for storing packets awaiting
size transmission over networks or storing packets received over networks.
Packets are stored temporarily during the transmission of information to
compensate transmission delays or retransmissions due to traffic congestion
or traffic bursts. Packet buffering in systems reduces the effects of packet
delays and packet loss.
OmniBAS™ all-outdoor systems support a pool of free buffer resources
allocated dynamically to the buffering points of the system (e.g. QoS queues,
Shaping queues, etc.). The operator is free to configure the port queues with
a queue depth size according to the nature of traffic (e.g. bursts) that is
going to be handled by the specific port.
Buffer size is defined by a License SW key.
Relationship with OmniBAS™ functionalities:
The packet buffer size configuration has impact on operation of the following
functionalities / operations:
 Data traffic transmission/reception.
 Scheduling mechanisms: SP / WRR / WFQ.
 Tail Drop / WRED Congestion Avoidance.
 Egress Shaping.
 Control protocols packet transmission/reception like Ethernet OAM.
 The number of ports supported for transmit burst absorption including the
modem ports.
Maximum Packet buffer size: 64 MB (1)
(1) Higher buffer size may be implemented in future releases.
47
Hierarchical QoS
Introduction The Hierarchical QoS (HQoS)(1) functionality supported by OmniBAS™-BX

allows to manage QoS at different levels so as to achieve a higher degree of
granularity in traffic management making multi-service support easier and
more efficient. Prerequisite is the MEF CE 2.0 functionality implementation.
Multilevel HQoS allows multilevel queue scheduling to guarantee performance for

Queue multiple service of different users.
Scheduling
The traditional QoS technology uses a flat eight queues scheme per port,
where traffic is being forwarded to queues according to the eight service
priorities. This algorithm does not differentiate among flows of the same
priority that may come from different applications / subscribers. So, these
traffic flows compete for the same queue resources and the service quality
of the various applications cannot be guaranteed.
In the HQoS algorithm, the various traffic streams can be classified into two
levels of hierarchical scheduling and shaping at egress. In this way, HQoS
enhances and extends traditional QoS support and egress port shaping.
Fig. 24: HQoS Multilevel Queue Scheduling
48
Hierarchical QoS, Continued
Effective HQoS provides to mobile operators an advanced solution to handle

solution for unprecedented growth of data efficiently while preserving or improving QoS.
operators Mobile operators are able to assign traffic coming from different generation
Base Stations more effectively and assign the real high-priority traffic by
reserving less bandwidth.
Fig. 25 shows an HQoS implementation example:
Fig. 25: HQoS deployment example
Benefits HQoS offers significant benefits as follows:

 More effectively handling of traffic coming from different users.
 Ability to guarantee the quality of service for key users.
 Better dynamic bandwidth allocation.
 Finest capacity management is achieved as critical traffic can be assigned
with a CIR that is really needed avoiding overbooking.
 Considering the egress port as the modem port, air bandwidth varying with
modulation changes can be efficiently handled.
49
Ethernet OAM (Operation, Administration & Maintenance)
Introduction OmniBAS™ all-outdoor systems support carrier-grade Ethernet OAM features

for maintaining service availability and end-to-end quality according to:
 IEEE 802.1ag standard (Connectivity Fault Management - CFM).
 ITU-T Y.1731 standard (Service Performance Monitoring).
 IEEE 802.1ah standard (Ethernet in the First Mile - EFM).
Connectivity The IEEE 802.1ag standard for Connectivity Fault Management (CFM)
Fault enables carriers to monitor and manage potential service disruptions:
Management
 Fault detection, through Continuity Check Messages (CCMs), for
(IEEE 802.1ag)
detecting service interruptions.
 Fault verification, through Loopback Messages (LBMs) and Loopback
Reply (LBR).
 Fault isolation, through Link Trace Messages (LTMs) and Link Trace
Reply (LTR), for determining a service’s network path and for isolating the
location of a fault without making a site visit.
 Fault notification (ITU-Y.1731), through Alarm Indication Signal (AIS) for
alerting the operator to a fault before it is reported by customers.
Service The ITU-T Y.1731 standard provides Key Performance Indicators (KPIs) that
Performance enable carriers to establish SLAs for performance-guaranteed services in
Monitoring order to meet specific customer requirements. These KPIs include:
(ITU-T Y.1731)
 Frame loss ratio, indicating the percentage of traffic that has been lost.
 Frame delay (latency), indicating the delay introduced during the
transportation of traffic, one-way and roundtrip.
 Frame delay variation, indicating the jitter introduced during the
transportation of traffic.
50
Ethernet OAM (Operation, Administration & Maintenance),

Continued
Ethernet Link Ethernet link OAM based on IEEE 802.3ah (Ethernet in the First Mile - EFM)
OAM provides mechanisms for link monitoring and fault isolation. EFM OAM data
IEEE802.3ah are carried in untagged 802.3 Slow Protocol frames that are sent between the
two ends of a single link.
In general, EFM OAM provides network operators the ability to monitor the
health of network elements and quickly determine the location of failed links
or fault conditions.
The following OAM features can be provided by EFM OAM:
 OAM Capability Discovery.
 Event Notifications (allowing the inclusion of link diagnostic information).
 Critical Link Events.
 Loopback of frames.
Link Layer Discovery Protocol - LLDP
LLDP (Link Layer Discovery Protocol)(1), as specified in the IEEE 802.1AB

standard, allows stations attached to an IEEE 802 LAN to advertise, transmit
and/or receive to/from other stations attached to the same IEEE 802 LAN,
information about the capabilities and the current status of the local / remote
OmniBAS™-BX systems.
The information distributed through this protocol is stored by the recipient
element in a standard Management Information Base (MIB), making it
possible for the information to be accessed by a Network Management
System (NMS) using a management protocol, such as SNMP.
The topology of an LLDP-enabled network can be discovered by crawling
the hosts and querying this database.
(1) Applicable for OmniBAS-BX. For availability, please, refer to product roadmap.
51
Provisioning of Carrier Ethernet Services
Overview MEF has defined the Ethernet service framework that sets Ethernet service
types, as well as the associated Ethernet service attributes and parameters.
OmniBAS™ can deliver the following Carrier Ethernet (CE) services as per
relevant Metro Ethernet Forum (MEF) definitions:
 Ethernet Line (E-Line) including:
 Ethernet Private Line (EPL)
 Ethernet Virtual Private Line (EVPL)
 Ethernet Private LAN (EP-LAN)
 Ethernet Virtual Private LAN (EVP-LAN)
According to CE 1.0, OmniBAS™ is MEF9 and MEF14 compliant for EPL,
EVPL, EP-LAN and EVP-LAN services.
E-Lines (EPL / EVPL)

E-Line services provide point-to-point Ethernet Virtual Connections (EVCs)
between pairs of dedicated User–Network Interfaces (UNIs).
Both EPL and EVPL services offer low frame delay, frame delay variation
and frame loss ratio. The differences between them are summarized below:
Characteristic EPL Service EVPL Service
Transparency High degree of transparency. Lower transparency.
Service frame’s header and Service frame’s header
payload are identical at both the may be different at the
source and destination UNIs. destination UNI.
Service Multiplexing No service multiplexing at each Multiple EVCs or
(see MEF CE 2.0 UNI (physical interface). All Ethernet services can
additions) service frames at the UNI are be multiplexed per UNI.
mapped to a single EVC.
Bundling (see MEF All-to-one. C-VLAN ID/EVC map.
CE 2.0 additions)
EP-LAN / EVP-LAN services

EP-LAN / EVP-LAN services provide multi-point to multi-point EVCs between
two or more UNIs. When there are only two UNIs, more UNIs can be added
to the same EVC (if required). This capability distinguishes E-LAN from the
point-to-point service type. Typical applications include:
 Multi-point Layer 2 VPNs.
 Transparent LAN service.
 Foundation for IPTV and multicast networks.
52
Provisioning of Carrier Ethernet Services, Continued
MEF CE 2.0 The addition of CE 2.0 standard(1) extends Carrier Ethernet services on
additions OmniBAS™-BX systems.
CE 2.0 includes the E-Line, E-LAN and introduces the E-Tree service types
(EP-Tree, EVP-Tree). In turn, each service type includes both port-based
and VLAN-based services.
Design is according to the following key specifications: MEF 6.1/6.2, MEF
10.2, MEF 45, and MEF 23.1.
CE 2.0 includes the following networking functions:
 Service multiplexing and bundling at the UNI: Service multiplexing
defines more than one EVCs at UNI. In turn, bundling defines more than
one C-VLAN ID mapping to an EVC. The maximum number of EVCs per
UNI is 64 for GE ports. The maximum number of C-VLAN ID per EVC is
also 64. Service multiplexing and bundling are supported on a UNI trunk
port. When bundling is enabled, C-VLAN ID preservation and C-VLAN CoS
preservation are enabled.
 VLAN translation at the UNI: VLAN translation (mapping) is supported on
a UNI trunk port. Specifically, C-VLAN ID is translated (mapped) to an EVC
(S-VLAN tag). C-VLAN ID and C-VLAN CoS may be preserved.
 Direct forwarding (MAC learning disabled) for point-to-point services:
For E-line (point-to-point services) MAC learning is not required. Instead,
traffic is forwarded between bridge ports directly (without MAC learning
and forwarding based on VLAN ID and destination MAC address),
provided that VLAN only has two bridge ports as members. In turn, VLAN
has its "service type" parameter set to "point-to-point".
 Split-horizon (root / leaf isolation) for E-Tree services: E-Tree services
require isolation between two leaf UNIs, meaning that a leaf UNI can only
communicate with the root UNI. On the other hand, a root UNI can
communicate with all leaf UNIs. Split horizon will be used to prevent two
leaf UNIs from directly communicate between each other.
53
Example #1: Fig. 26 depicts how OmniBAS™ all-outdoor systems implement private point-
Ethernet to-point Ethernet connections for corporate customers.
private lines Three companies (A, B and C) have branches in three different locations (1,
for 2 and 3). Each company requires dedicated connections to exchange
corporations
sensitive corporate data between its branches. The OmniBAS™ network
establishes “trusted” point-to-point data connections, which are fully isolated
each other.
(Three EPL EVCs are shown: orange, blue and green).
Fig. 26: Ethernet private lines for corporations
54
Example #2: Fig. 27 depicts how OmniBAS™ all-outdoor systems can deliver extranet
EVPL for connectivity to corporate customers. A company makes business with two
corporate partners (A and B) and needs to exchange business-sensitive information with
extranet both of them. OmniBAS™ all-outdoor systems establish a secure muti-point to
muti-point connection over the Carrier Ethernet network, also ensuring that
Partner A will have no access to Partner B’s information flows and vice versa.
(Two EVPL EVCs are shown, red and blue, with service multiplexing at the
Company-side UNI on the left).
Fig. 27: EVPL for corporate extranet
55
Packet Optimization
IEEE 802.3 The IEEE 802.3 Ethernet frame structure is shown in Fig. 28 (for simplicity
Ethernet frame purposes, the S-VLAN and C-VLAN tags are not shown).
structure
Fig. 28: IEEE 802.3 Ethernet frame
The gross rate of the Ethernet traffic passing through an Ethernet port is
referred to as L1 throughput (or line rate) and can be up to 1000 Mbit/s for a
GbE interface.
Similarly, the gross rate of the Ethernet service frame is referred to as L2
throughput (or information rate).
The size of the Ethernet payload – 46 to 1500 bytes / jumbo frames up to 9600
bytes – plays a key role in determining the actual throughputs than can be
achieved. With large packets, overhead information is comparatively minimized
and the information rate approximates the radio net throughput, i.e. the rate of
the packets transferred over the air interface.
By employing advanced packet optimization mechanisms, OmniBAS™-OSDR /
OmniBAS™-BX achieves significant gains in traffic throughput (up to 58% for
64-byte Ethernet service frames). These suppression mechanisms are
described below.
IFG and PRE OmniBAS™-OSDR / OmniBAS™-BX can apply dense suppression of the IFG
suppression and PRE+SFD overhead information (practically eliminating the need to
transmit these 20 bytes) for its transportation over the air interface. This
means that the IFG and PRE+SFD information is not transmitted over the air
and it is regenerated at the Rx side.
56
Packet Optimization, Continued
MAC Header The goal of the MAC Header Suppression (MHS) is to compress (from 12 to 1
Suppression byte) the header by reusing the pair of Destination MAC Address (DA) and
(MHS) Source MAC Address(SA) from already known links.
The SA and DA information fields (6+6=12 bytes) are encoded with a single
byte. Effectively, the transmitter does send SA / DA information of every
packet. Although the single byte transmitted is decoded at the Rx side, the SA
/ DA fields of the original frame are re-created.
Layer 2/3/4 Further throughput gains can be achieved on OmniBAS™-BX(1) systems by

Header suppressing the transport over the air of higher Layer packet header fields
Suppression that are repeated in packet-after-packet transmission.
The goal of the L2 compression Header is to compress from max 22 to 1 byte.
The DA (Destination MAC Address,) SA (Source MAC Address), up to two
VLANs compressed to 1 byte.
Further throughput gains can be achieved by suppressing the transport over
the air of higher Layer packet header fields that are repeated OmniBAS™-BX
systems support L3 (Network Layer) and L4 (Transport Layer) packet header
field suppression to further increase the user traffic transmission capacity.
(1) Please refer to product roadmap.
57
Chapter 6. Network Synchronization
6 Network Synchronization
The synchronization of a packet-based network is an essential process that is

applied to all nodes down to the tail links (see Fig. 29).
OmniBAS™ all-outdoor systems support the following clock transfer protocols:
 Synchronous Ethernet (SyncE)
 IEEE 1588v2 PTP Transparent Clock (TC)
Other synchronization options available by OmniBAS™-OSDR / OmniBAS™-BX,

include:
 Synchronization transport over the air.
 Holdover mode: In case of link (or network) outage, OmniBAS™ will
synchronize all internal processes using its own high-accuracy (4.6 ppm)
clock.
Fig. 29: OmniBAS™ all-outdoor systems network synchronization
58
Synchronous Ethernet (SyncE)
Overview OmniBAS™ all-outdoor systems implement SyncE according to ITU-T G.8261,

G.8262 and G.8264 (ESMC) standards, which define the synchronization
aspects in packet networks.
 ITU-T Rec. G.8262 specifies the timing characteristics of synchronous
Ethernet Equipment slave Clock (EEC).
 ITU-T Rec. G.8264 describes the specification of Ethernet Synchronization
Messaging Channel (ESMC), which enables the exchange of Synchronization
Status Messages (SSM) between SyncE enabled nodes.
Synchronous Ethernet works on the physical layer and enables synchronization
of the Base Station. Performance is independent of the network loading, whilst
the utilization of SyncE requires that each node in the packet network supports
SyncE capability to be able to recover the clock.
SyncE modes There are two choices for the SyncE synchronization mechanism:
 Auto QL Disabled: The OmniBAS™ all-outdoor nodes are self-synchronized
to an available clock source based on user-defined priorities.
 Auto QL Enabled: The OmniBAS™ all-outdoor nodes are self-synchronized
to an available clock source based on their Quality Level (QL), as specified
in the ITU-T G.781 standard.
59
Chapter 6. Network Synchronization
IEEE 1588v2 PTP Transparent Clock (TC)
PTP version 2 The Precision Time Protocol - PTP version 2, which is the core of the IEEE
(IEEE 1588v2) 1588v2 standard, is a protocol for synchronizing clocks throughout a packet
network which provide end-to-end and network-wide synchronization.
IEEE 1588v2 is designed to provide accurate frequency, phase and time
synchronization to wireless backhaul networks, overcoming the Ethernet
NTP latency and jitter issues.
Clock distribution is based on a hierarchical Master- Slave architecture that
does not require support in all intermediate network nodes between the
Master and the Slave and provides sub-μs accuracy and phase
synchronization.
Transparent OmniBAS™-OSDR and OmniBAS™-BX(1) systems support the

Clock (TC) IEEE 1588v2 PTP Transparent Clock (TC) mode.
mode
IEEE 1588v2 is based on the exchange of a series of time-related messages
(over PTP packets) between the Master and the Slave clock (client) in order
to achieve synchronization. The effect of varying network delays and delay
asymmetries affecting the PTP accuracy in the recovery of the clock by the
Slave are greatly reduced if each element in the end-to-end path of the PTP
packet calculates and “informs” the Slave / Master of the time it took the
packet to traverse it. This function is called Transparent Clock (TC).
1588v2 TC function is based on the calculation of the time (delay) it takes
the PTP packet to traverse the link from the ingress Ethernet port of one
link-side to the egress Ethernet port of the other link-side. The PTP packets
include a field that the network element uses to record the delay (or
residence time) it took for the packet to pass the link endpoints.
In order for the residence time to be recorded on the PTP packets, a time-
stamping mechanism is supported in the nodes.
The IEEE 1588v2 packet correction field accuracy per link (signifying the
time to traverse the link from Ethernet interface-IN, on one side of the link, to
Ethernet interface-OUT, on the other side of the link) is compliant with
G.8273.3.
(1) For OmniBAS™-BX, please refer to product roadmap.
60
7 Ethernet Protection Mechanisms
This chapter describes the following protection capabilities of OmniBAS™

all-outdoor systems:
 1+1 Basic Link Protection
 RSTP and MSTP Spanning Tree Protocols
 Ethernet Ring Protection - ERP (G.8032v2)
 Link Aggregation / Static LAG Protection
1+1 Basic Link Protection
Protection at 1+1 Basic Link Protection at air-link side enables enhanced system
air-link side availability of OmniBAS™ all-outdoor links.
Two OmniBAS™-OSDR (or OmniBAS™-BX(1)) system is interconnected(2) at
site and configured in a working - standby system pair. The interconnection
cable allows the control signaling information exchange between them.
1+1 Basic Link protection at air-link side is implemented by using either a
coupler and a single antenna (A) or two antennas (B) (Fig. 30).
Fig. 30: Protection options at Air-Link Side

(2)In current SW release, the OmniBAS™-OSDR interface dedicated for the protection is not used. The
interconnection of OmniBAS™-OSDR systems must be made through the NMS (Fast Ethernet) ports.
61
Chapter 7. Ethernet Protection Mechanisms
1+1 Basic Link Protection, Continued
Functionality
According to redundancy
(air-link side)
scheme, in normal
operation, the working
OmniBAS™ all-outdoor
system is able to transmit
and receive while the
standby can only receive
(Tx-muted).
When the working system

fails, an automatic
switchover occurs and the
standby system takes
over.
Reverting to the formerly
working system is a
configurable feature.
Therefore, after failure’s
recovering, the previously
working system can be
selected to take over
again or not.
Fig. 31: Protection Functionality at Air-Link Side
Protection 1+1 Basic Link Protection configuration requires a Layer2 Switch to

configuration aggregate traffic from GbE interfaces and to forward it towards Ethernet
at network side network.
Fig. 32-Option A shows the connection of one GbE interface of each
OmniBAS™ all-outdoor system on an Ethernet Switch or
OmniBAS™-4P/10P(1), while Fig. 32-Option B(2) shows the connection of both
GbE interfaces of each system on the Ethernet Switch or
OmniBAS™-4P/10P(1). This second implementation (Option B(2)) provides
resiliency-protection on GbE interfaces of system pair.

(2)
For traffic via GbE (SFP), power is provided through GbE (electr.) port/ power injector. When using
OmniBAS™-4P, there is no need to use power injectors.
62
1+1 Basic Link Protection, Continued
Protection The following requirements should be met by the Ethernet Switch or

configuration OmniBAS™-4P/10P(1) to implement the 1+1 Basic Link Protection at
at network network side (see also indicative schematic below):
side, continued
 L2 basic bridging functionality.
 802.1Q VLAN tag encapsulation.
 L2 forwarding.
 STP / RSTP functionality on Ethernet Switch and OmniBAS™ all-outdoor
system for preventing Ethernet loops between them. This requirement
concerns only Option B.
Fig. 32: Network Side Protection (via Ethernet Switch or OmniBAS™-4P)
63
RSTP and MSTP Spanning Tree Protocols
Introduction OmniBAS™ all-outdoor systems support the following Spanning Tree

Protocols on Ethernet ports:
 Rapid Spanning Tree Protocol - RSTP (based on IEEE 802.1w).
 Multiple Spanning Tree Protocol - MSTP (based on IEEE 802.1s).(1)
RSTP Rapid Spanning Tree Protocol - RSTP mechanism is used to avoid loops and
disable those links that are not part of the spanning tree, thus leaving a single
active path between any two network nodes.
In case of a physical link failure, RSTP will rapidly create a spanning tree
within a mesh network of connected Layer 2 bridges, and will restore blocked
paths.
MSTP Multiple Spanning Tree Protocol - MSTP(1) implements an extension of RSTP

that maps multiple independent spanning tree instances (logical topologies)
onto one physical topology. Each Multiple Spanning Tree Instance (MSTI)
includes one or more VLANs.
Unlike STP and RSTP configurations, a port might belong to multiple VLANs
and be dynamically blocked in one spanning-tree instance, but forwarding in
another. This behavior significantly improves network resource utilization by
load-balancing across the network and maintaining switch CPU loads at
moderate levels.
MSTP creates a Common and Internal Spanning Tree (CIST) to interconnect
and manage all MSTP regions and even individual devices that run RSTP or
STP, which are recognized as distinct spanning-tree regions by MSTP.
The CIST views each MSTP region as a virtual bridge, regardless of the actual
number of devices participating in the MSTP region, and enables Multiple
Spanning Tree Instances (MSTIs) to link to other regions. The CIST is a single
topology that connects all switches (STP, RSTP, and MSTP devices) through
an active topology, ensuring connectivity between LANs and devices within a
bridged network.
MSTP provides all the benefits of RSTP like rapid convergence in case of link
or switch failures, protocol migration and also the flexibility of management
traffic in the network. MSTP also works with legacy 802.1D bridges running
STP and RSTP.
(1) Applicable for OmniBAS™-BX. For availability, please refer to product roadmap.
64
Ethernet Ring Protection - ERP (G.8032v2)
Description Ethernet Ring Protection (ERP) based on ITU-T G.8032v2 standard is a Ring
Protection Switching mechanism that uses messages to control the ring
network protection behavior ensuring that there are no loops formed at the
Ethernet layer.
Fig. 33: ERP example including OmniBAS™ all-outdoor systems
G.8032v2 supports grouping of the multiple(1) traffic channels that a physical

ring may include into different sets of VLANs that constitute the logical ERP
instances. Using multiple(1) ERP instances, bandwidth optimization, load
balancing and better failure coverage are achieved.
Key features  For typical rings, recovery switching within 50 ms is achievable.

 Multiple(1) ERP instances over the same physical ring.
 Revertive / non-revertive recovery is supported.
 The Forced Switch, Manual Switch and Clear administrative commands are
supported for blocking a particular ring port.
 Interconnected rings with or without a virtual channel.
 Flush FDB (Filtering Database) logic, which significantly reduces the
amount of flush FDB operations in the ring.
(1)
Current releases support up to two ERP instances over the same physical ring. For multiple support of
ERP instances, please refer to product roadmap.
65
Ethernet Ring Protection - ERP (G.8032v2), Continued
Signal failure The following Signal failure detection mechanisms are supported:
detection
 Detection by the Ethernet CFM CCM function performing the periodic
mechanisms
continuity check to discover and identify the Signal Failure (SF) conditions
towards specified RMEPs of the adjacent ring nodes. Connectivity Failure is
detected if no CCMs are received from the RMEP for a period equal to 3.5
times the defined CCM transmission interval.
 Detection of the link status of the ring ports when CFM CCM is not set to be
used together with G.8032.
The first signal failure detection mechanism can support sub-50 ms switching
times as CCMs can be transmitted as frequently as 3.3 ms (300 CCMs per
second). The second method results in switching times in the order of 500 to
1000 ms.
66
Link Aggregation / Static LAG Protection
Introduction Static Link Aggregation (LAG) supported by OmniBAS™-BX(1) refers to the

method to control the bonding of multiple Ethernet line interfaces for
addressing the bandwidth limitation and lack of resilience issues associated
with Ethernet connections.
In particular, static LAG combines multiple Ethernet links into one logical link
in order to:
 Increase the throughput beyond the physical capabilities of a single
connection, also balancing the network load among all the available links.
 Provide redundancy in case that one of the links fails.
Description Fig. 34 depicts an OmniBAS™-BX system configured for an aggregate 2

Gbit/s (= 2 x 1 Gbit/s) connection toward the Ethernet aggregation network.
Load is automatically balanced between the two GbE physical links.
In case that one of the two links fails (see Fig. 34 on the right), the
throughput toward the aggregation network is halved (1 Gbit/s), but the QoS
requirements are preserved. The delivery of critical traffic is assured, while
only the low-priority traffic (e.g. Internet downloading) is to be affected.
During normal operation, a distribution algorithm is employed to balance
traffic load. In case of equipment failure, link operation switches to
unbalanced mode and traffic is routed to the surviving link. Criteria to
distribute traffic between the two Ethernet links include: MAC address,
Round Robin, IP address, TCP port, etc.
LACP mechanism(1) will be also used for the LAG implementation of
OmniBAS™-BX systems.
Fig. 34: OmniBAS™-OSDR / OmniBAS™-BX Static LAG Protection
67
Chapter 8. Equipment Description
8 Equipment Description
Introduction OmniBAS™-OSDR and OmniBAS™-BX are the all-outdoor systems of the

OmniBAS™ PtP MW family. They are compact, native IP units that have full
compatibility with the split-mount OmniBAS™ systems, employ advanced
radio and Ethernet traffic functionalities and constitute a zero-footprint,
cost-effective and high-capacity IP solution.
 OmniBAS™ OSDR (Outdoor Software Defined Radio) is based on the
market unique Outdoor Software Defined Radio (OSDR) platform that is
available at frequencies 10.5 to 38 GHz.
 OmniBAS™-BX is the new generation all-outdoor PtP MW radio in
OmniBAS™ product family. OmniBAS™-BX extends the capabilities of
OSDR units and will be gradually introduced at 13(1), 18 and 38(1) GHz.
Fig. 35: OmniBAS™ all-outdoor units
Power injectors are provided together with OmniBAS™ all-outdoor systems to

serve power and traffic feeding from the AC or DC Local Traffic Equipment.
Chapter topics The equipment of the OmniBAS™ all-outdoor systems are described in the
following topics:
 OmniBAS-OSDR Receptacles and Indicators
 OmniBAS-BX Receptacles & Indicators
 Power Injectors
 Antennas & Couplers
68
OmniBAS-OSDR Receptacles and Indicators
The OmniBAS™-OSDR connection panel is shown below:
Fig. 36: OmniBAS™ OSDR connection panel
# Marking Details Use

A GbE2 Ethernet Connection of Gigabit Ethernet cable
100/1000Base-T, (traffic / inband management / PoE
electrical (RJ-45) input(1)).
B FE Ethernet 100Base-T, Connection of Ethernet cable
electrical (RJ-45) (outband management / PoE input(1))
or interconnection to a second
OSDR (1+1/ 2+0 East-West).
C PROTECT(2) Ethernet System interconnection interface
100/1000Base-T, (1+1/ 2+0 East-West).
electrical (RJ-45)
D – Ethernet Reserved.
100/1000Base-T,
electrical (RJ-45)
E GbE1 Ethernet 1000Base-X Installing a Gigabit Ethernet SFP
(SFP cage) (optical or electrical) for traffic /
inband management.
F GND Enclosure grounding Connection of the outdoor grounding
terminal cable.
G RSSI BNC, female RSSI measurement.
H STAT Multi-functioning LED Providing system indications during
operation.
Note that the non-used receptacle positions are protected against the
penetration of water and dust through the supplied seal caps.
(1)
OSDR / OmniBAS™-BX PoE standard - Intracom Telecom proprietary (compatible with the provided
DC and AC power injectors).
(2) For PROTECT interface availability, please refer to product roadmap.
69
OmniBAS-BX Receptacles & Indicators
The OmniBAS™-BX(1) receptacles and indicators are shown below:
Fig. 37: OmniBAS™-BX receptacles / indicator
# Marking Details Use

A GbE2 Ethernet 1000Base-X Installing a Gigabit Ethernet SFP
(SFP cage) (optical or electrical) for traffic and
inband management. (2.5 Gbit/s
capable(1)).
B Protection / Proprietary System interconnection interface for
XPIC bus HSB 1+1, XPIC 2+0, RLA 2+0 or
dual-band with UltraLink™-GX80.
C GbE1 Ethernet Connection of Gigabit Ethernet cable
100/1000Base-T, (traffic / inband management / PoE
electrical (RJ-45) input (2)).
D GND Enclosure grounding Connection of the outdoor grounding
terminal cable.
E STAT Multi-functioning LED Providing system indications during
operation.

(2)
OSDR / OmniBAS™-BX PoE standard - Intracom Telecom proprietary (compatible with the provided
DC and AC power injectors).
70
Power Injectors
OmniBAS™-OSDR and OmniBAS™-BX radio units can be AC or DC

powered via an external power injector. Power injectors are compact, low
cost and easy to install devices providing power and Ethernet traffic transfer
over a single Ethernet cable.
Depending on customer requirements, Intracom Telecom offers a variety of
power injectors covering AC or DC powering, indoor or outdoor installation,
site temperature conditions, etc.
Fig. 38: Available power injectors
OmniBAS™-4P/10P(1) unit can also be provided, as an

expansion of power injector to enable connectivity and control of
up to four all-outdoor units.
For information on various options of power injectors, please

refer to the available Product Catalogs and Installation &
Cabling Manuals.
71
Antennas & Couplers
Antennas OmniBAS™-OSDR and OmniBAS™-BX systems can use the same type of
antennas and couplers as the ODU units in OmniBAS split-mount portfolio.
A variety of specially designed antennas are provided by Intracom Telecom
for all supported frequencies from 10.5 to 38 GHz:
 Integrated antennas with diameter up to 1.8 m.
 Standalone antennas with diameters exceeding 1.8 m.
 Single-Polarized antennas.
 Dual-Polarized antennas.
 Dual-Polarized antennas with Ortho Mode Transducer (OMT).
Couplers Symmetrical or asymmetrical couplers can be provided to implement:

 Hot standby operation mode with the use of asymmetrical coupler and a
single antenna.
 2+0 EE (2+0 on single direction) operation mode, with the use of
symmetrical coupler and a single antenna.
The coupler is directly attached on integrated antenna, while for the
installation with a standalone antenna, an appropriate mounting kit and a
waveguide are required.
For details on available antennas for OmniBAS™ all-outdoor systems,

please refer to OmniBAS Outdoor Product Catalog.
72
9 OmniBAS Management
This chapter provides the following topics to describe the management of

OmniBAS™ all-outdoor systems:
 Node Manager
 Network Management
Node Manager
Embedded With the embedded Node Manager, that is accessible using a web browser,
Node Manager field installation teams and regional office staff are able to quickly, securely
and reliably perform installation, commissioning and troubleshooting actions
on OmniBAS™ all-outdoor Network Elements.
Fig. 39: Node Manager User Interface (UI)
73
Chapter 9. OmniBAS Management
Node Manager, Continued
Embedded Node Manager facilitates a friendly User Interface to perform:

Node Manager,  Alarms & Events monitoring.
continued
 Performance & status monitoring.
 Equipment configuration management.
 Service provisioning.
 Inventory Information collection.
 Maintenance & troubleshooting utilities.
 Software license administration.
Key features  Multiple concurrent users (15) supported.

 AAA support.
 HTTPS support.
 ACL support.
 Ajax technology.
 Friendly configuration workflow similar to CLI.
 Support of all major latest web browsers.
 Web 2.0 compatible.
 Web plugin free - no need for java, flash or other plugin.
74
Network Management
About uni|MS The uni|MS™ Unified Management Suite serves the concept of simple and
unified management for networks, infrastructure and systems. uni|MS™,
automates the management and monitoring tasks to eliminate error-prone
and time-consuming manual efforts for Intracom Telecom and third-party
products which are seamlessly integrated through unI|MS™ technology
drivers.
With uni|MS™, CSPs are proactively informed about degrading network
conditions and are able to avoid service-affecting problems. All management
functions are carried out through the powerful and intuitive web-based user
interface, with online and offline interactive maps that visualize network
topology based on devices’ geo-coordinates with color-coded fault & KPI
overlays.
Using uni|MS™ Northbound Interfaces (NBIs) is the recommended and highly
efficient method to integrate the managed infrastructure’s fault, performance,
inventory and security information in the centralized OSS/BSS environment
through HTTP, SNMP, SYSLOG, FTP and others.
Fig. 40: Insightful network operations with uni|MS™
75
Chapter 9. OmniBAS Management
Network Management, Continued
Innovative uni|MS™ provides smart user interfaces and automation techniques to

management simplify the installation, configuration, provisioning, monitoring and
capabilities optimization of mobile backhaul devices through Self-Organizing Networks
with SON (SON)(1) principles. uni|MS™ auto discovers the pre-planned network upon
field installation. Based on sophisticated rules, software is downloaded and
configuration is applied and verified so that service provisioning is
established end-to-end. Any deviation on the planned values against the
actual measurements affecting the network health, triggers new criteria for
reconfiguration.
(1) Centralized SON capabilities are gradually introduced in uni|MS™ for OmniBAS™ OSDR networks.
76
10 Technical Specifications
This chapter provides the technical specifications of the OmniBAS™ all

outdoor systems. The chapter includes the following topics:
 Radio & Modem Specifications
 Standards
 System Interfaces
 Networking Specifications
 Electrical Specifications
 Mechanical Specifications
77
Chapter 10. Technical Specifications
Radio & Modem Specifications
Frequency
Bands OmniBAS™-OSDR
Frequency Operating RF Channel Tx / Rx Label Model
Band Frequencies Arrangement Spacing Indication
(GHz)(1) (GHz) (MHz)(1)
OSDR-10.5
10.5 10.15 to 10.65 ITU-R F.1568 350
(or OSDR 10.5)
OSDR-13
13 12.75 to 13.25 ITU-R F.497-6 266
(or OSDR 13)
420
OSDR-15
15 14.40 to 15.35 ITU-R F.636 490
(or OSDR 15)
728
1008 OSDR-18
18 17.7 to 19.7 ITU-R F. 595-9
1010 (or OSDR 18)
1008
OSDR-23
23 21.2 to 23.6 ITU-R F.637-3 1200
(or OSDR 23)
1232
OSDR-26
26 24.5 to 26.5 CEPT ERC Rec.T/R 13-02E 1008
(or OSDR 26)
OSDR-28
28 27.5 to 29.5 CEPT ERC Rec.T/R 13-02E 1008
(or OSDR 28)
OSDR-32
32 31.8 to 33.4 CEPT /ERC /REC /(01) 02E 812
(or OSDR 32)
OSDR-38
38 37.0 to 39.5 ITU-R F.749-2 1260
(or OSDR 38)
OmniBAS™-BX
Frequency Operating RF Channel Tx / Rx Label Model
Band Frequencies Arrangement Spacing Indication
(GHz)(1) (GHz) (MHz)(1)
13 12.75 to 13.25 ITU-R F.497-6 266 OmniBAS-BX-13
1008
18 17.7 to 19.7 ITU-R F. 595-9 1010 OmniBAS-BX-18
1560
38 37.0 to 39.5 ITU-R F.749-2 1260 OmniBAS-BX-38
(1) For commercial availability, please contact Intracom Telecom.
78
Radio & Modem Specifications, Continued
Channel Sizes  7 MHz (up to 2048-QAM).

 14 / 20(1) / 28 / 40(1) / 56 MHz (up to 4096-QAM).
 112 MHz (up to 4096-QAM, available only for OmniBAS™-BX at
13(1), 18 and 38(1)(2) GHz).
Modulation 4 / 16 / 32 / 64 / 128 / 256 / 512 / 1024 / 2048 / 4096-QAM.

(adaptive)
Note that manual setting of physical mode is also supported.
Link Modes  OmniBAS™-OSDR: 1+0 / 1+1 / 2+0 East-West

 OmniBAS™-BX (1): 1+0 / 1+1 / 1+1 HSB / RLA 2+0 / XPIC 2+0
Radio RRC Operation Description

Resource ACM ATPC
Modes
Control
Manual Both the physical mode and Tx power are set
manually.
Manual Power Physical mode is changed automatically while

Tx power is set manually.
Auto-Optimum Physical mode is changed automatically while
Tx power is changed optimally per modulation  
to the lowest value that provides sufficient SNR.
Auto-Max SNR Physical mode is changed automatically while
Tx power is kept in a level that provides  
maximum SNR in the achieved modulation.
Auto-Max Power Physical mode is changed automatically while
Tx power is kept at the maximum level per  
modulation.
Tx Power Pre-Distortion algorithm at higher modulation schemes.

Increase
RLA Radio Link Aggregation (RLA)(1) for OmniBAS™-BX (up to two radios per group).

(2) Subject to field verification.
79
Radio & Modem Specifications, Continued
FEC type  Low-Density Parity Check (LDPC).

 Reed-Solomon (RS) codes.
Data security Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) 256 algorithm(1) (FIPS-197 certified)
over the air for OmniBAS™-BX(2):
 Encrypts payload data and management channel in wireless link to prevent
eavesdropping.
 Checks integrity of each data frame in wireless link to assure that received
data has been sent by intended transmitter.
 Enabled/disabled independently for each wireless link.
(1)
AES Stream Encryption provides AES encryption with 128-bit, 192-bit and 256-bit key size for the
multiplexed data stream transmitted and received at the wireless port.
80
Standards
Radio ETSI EN 302 217-2 (Use of Spectrum)
EMC / EMI  ETSI EN 301 489-1

 ETSI EN 301 489-4
 EN 55032
 EN 61000-3-2
 EN 61000-3-3
Electrical  ETSI EN 300 132-2 (Power Supply)

Safety
Health &  EN 60950-1

Safety
 EN 60950-22
 EN 50385
 EN 60215
RoHS EN 50581
Environmental
Operation ETSI EN 300 019-2-4, Class 4.1
(operating temperatures: -33 C to +55 C),
tested at -50 C, cold start at -50 C
Transportation ETSI EN 300 019-2-2, Class 2.3
Storage ETSI EN 300 019-2-1, Class 1.2
Protection against Class IP67 / IEC 60529
dust & water
81
Networking Specifications
Ethernet  IEEE 802.3z (1000 Mbit/s optical) (SFP).

standards
 IEEE 802.3ab (1000 Mbit/s electrical).
Ethernet  IEEE 802.1Q (Virtual LAN).

Features & QoS
 IEEE 802.1p.
 IEEE 802.1ad (Provider bridging, Q-in-Q).
 Jumbo frames support (up to 9600 bytes).
 MEF 9 & MEF 14 compliant for EPL, EVPL and ELAN.
L2 bridging  C VLAN.
modes
 S-VLAN transparent.
 S-VLAN provider.
Quality of  Advanced packet classification in the input port per:

Service (QoS)
 Interface
 Interface and VLAN ID
 Interface and P-Bits
 Interface and combination of VLAN ID and P-Bits
 Interface and DSCP
 Interface and IPv6 TC
 Interface and MPLS EXP
 Packet scheduling: 8 queues
 Traffic Policing:
 Two-rate, three-color policer (marking) (2R3CP)
 Bandwidth (BW) Profiles: CIR, PIR, CBS, EBS
 Queue Management: Tail Drop / WRED.
 Egress rate limiting / shaping per port.
 Scheduling schemes:
 Strict Priority (SP)
 Weighted Round Robin (WRR)
 Hybrid - 2 x SP plus 6 x WRR
 Weighted Fair Queuing (WFQ)
 Hybrid - 2 x SP plus 6 x WFQ
 H-QoS (CE 2.0).(1)
 Bandwidth Notification Message - BNM (G.8013 / Y.1731).(1)
82
Networking Specifications, Continued
Bridge security  MAC anti-spoofing.

 Broadcast Storm Control.
 Port Flooding Protection.
IP optimization  IFG / PRE Suppression.

 MAC Header Compression.
 L3 / L4 Header Compression. (1)
 Payload Compression.(1)
Synchronization  Synchronous Ethernet (SyncE) (ITU-T G.8261 / G.8262 / G.8264 ESMC).

 IEEE 1588v2 Transparent Clock (TC).
Ethernet  Ethernet Ring Protection (G.8032v2).

Protection
 IEEE 802.1w (RSTP).
 MSTP (IEEE 802.1s).(1)
 ΙΕΕΕ 802.3ad (Link Aggregation / Static LAG Protection).
 Link Aggregation Control Protocol (LACP).(1)
Ethernet OAM  IEEE 802.1ag (Configuration & Fault Management - CFM).

 ITU-T Y.1731 (Performance Monitoring - PM).
 IEEE 802.3ah (Ethernet in the First Mile - EFM).
LLDP IEEE 802.1AB (Link Layer Discovery Protocol - LLDP).(1)
Management OmniBAS™ all-outdoor systems can be managed through:

options  uni|MS™ (Intracom Telecom NMS).
 Node Manager (embedded Web Server (Web UI)).
 SNMPv2c,v3(1) (inband management through Gigabit Ethernet ports).
 File Transfer (FTP).
 CLI (available to customers only after specific request).
 SDN (NETCONF) support.(1)
83
Networking Specifications, Continued
Management  Configuration and status monitoring of:

Capabilities(1)
 Equipment (radio, modem, interfaces).
 Bridge (bridge mode, max. frame size of Ethernet packets, L2 ports,
VLAN / VLAN ports, RSTP, Bridge Security, L2CP, etc.).
 Synchronization clock source.
 1588 PtPV2 End-to-End Transparent clock (TC).
 Ethernet QoS / Traffic Management (Priority Mapping, DSCP
Remarking to P-bit, BW profiles, Ethernet CoS flows, FDB, Tx Queue
Congestion Avoidance, Bridge Scheduling, Egress Traffic Rate
Shaping).
 Ethernet OAM (IEEE 802.1ag / ITU-T Y.1731 / IEEE 802.1ah).
 LLDP (IEEE 802.1AB)
 G.8032v2 ERP.
 Inventory and Link RF Path Status Monitoring.
 Security Administration:
 User Authentication / Authorization (AAA).
 Access Control List (ACL).
 System Security enchantments and SW key-based support of Secure
Communication protocols (SSH, Syslog, NTP, Telnet, TFTP, FTP,
TACACS, SecureWeb).
 Export and Import Configuration.
 Maintenance actions (backup, restore, log files collection, etc.).
 System Upgrade procedure.
 Ethernet and Radio Loopback tests.
 Alarms and events for radio, modem, interfaces, clock, temperature,
G.8032v2 ERP, Ethernet OAM, License, etc.
 Threshold alarms for RSSI, SNR, LDPC Decoder Stress and temperature.
 Activation and status monitoring of License SW keys.
 Ethernet performance and Error performance statistics per port.
 RMON statistics for GbE ports.
 Bridge L2 statistics.
 Ethernet and G.826 performance counters for radio paths.
 Link statistics (in service time, per physical mode counters, number of
physical mode changes).
 Tx drop per Queue statistics.
 Real-time graphs for performance monitoring of temperature, modem
(SNR, RSSI, Tx/Rx physical mode, Tx/Rx rates) and GbE ports.
 Support for SW Key transition from PtP to PtMP, and vice versa (OSDR).
(1)
This list of management capabilities is indicative. For details, please refer to the latest available Node
Manager for OmniBAS-OSDR / OmniBAS-BX Reference Manual.
84
System Interfaces
OmniBAS™-
OSDR Gigabit Ethernet
IEEE 802.3z 1000Base-X (SFP) (GbE 1) Traffic / Inband management
IEEE 802.3ab 100/1000 Base-T (RJ-45) (GbE 2) Traffic / Inband management /
PoE input
Fast Ethernet (FE) Outband management / PoE
IEEE 802.3u 100 Base-T (RJ-45) input
Gigabit Ethernet (PROTECT) (1) OSDR Protection

IEEE 802.3ab 100/1000 Base-T (RJ-45)
Gigabit Ethernet (GbE) Reserved.
IEEE 802.3ab 100/1000 Base-T (RJ-45)
BNC port (RSSI) RSSI measurement
OmniBAS™-
BX(1) Gigabit Ethernet
IEEE 802.3ab 100/1000 Base-T (RJ-45) (GbE1) Traffic / Inband management /
PoE input
IEEE 802.3z 1000Base-X (SFP) (GbE 2) Traffic / Inband management
Gigabit Ethernet (Protection / XPIC bus) (1) System interconnection
Proprietary. interface for
HSB 1+1, XPIC 2+0, RLA 2+0
or dual-band with
UltraLink™-GX80.
85
Electrical Specifications
Power Supply Power on Ethernet (PoE)

through outdoor and indoor
power injectors for DC or AC
source.
Power Consumption (for operation in
Working mode) (W)
OmniBAS™-OSDR 10.5 to 28 GHz 43
OmniBAS™-OSDR 32 GHz 40
OmniBAS™-OSDR 38 GHz 41
OmniBAS™-BX 13(1), 18, 38(1) GHz 39(2)
Tx Output Power Upper (dBm) See par. Transmit (Tx) Power, on
page 89.
Tx Output Power Lower (dBm) 0
Output Power (dB)
Max. Accuracy / Step ±2/1
Max. Rx Level (No Damage) (dBm) 0
RSSI (RSL) Accuracy (dB) ±3
Frequency
Max. Stability (ppm) ± 7 (± 10 long term tolerance)
Resolution (kHz) 250

(2) Typical value for 1+0 operation.
86
Mechanical Specifications
OmniBAS™-
OSDR External Dimensions 290 x 238 x 96
(H x W x D) (mm)
Weight (kg) 4.5
Design / Structure  Pressure die cast aluminium.
 Pressure vent (for balancing inner pressure).
ODU Waveguide Flange
(Antenna Port) / ODU
Antenna Interface (1) (2)
10.5 GHz UBR-100 / R-100
13 GHz UBR-120 / R-120
15 GHz UBR-140 / R-140
18 to 26 GHz UBR-220 / R-220
28 to 38 GHz UBR-320 / R-320
OmniBAS™-
BX (3) External Dimensions 200 x 200 x 40 (4)
(H x W x D) (mm)
Weight (kg) 2.0 (5)
Design / Structure  Pressure die cast aluminium.
 Pressure vent (for balancing inner pressure).
ODU Waveguide Flange
(Antenna Port) / ODU
Antenna Interface (2)
13 GHz(3) UBR-120 / R-120
18 GHz UBR-220 / R-220
38 GHz(3) UBR-320 / R-320
(1) OmniBAS™-OSDR units at antennas port has built-in customized polarizer.

(2) For non-integrated installations, the proper mounting kit must be used providing UBR type antenna flange.
(4) OmniBAS™-BX with antenna adaptation plate: (290 x 290 x 62) mm.
(5) OmniBAS™-BX can be attached to an integrated antenna using an adaption plate, which weights 670 g.
87
Chapter 11. Radio & Modem Performance
11 Radio & Modem Performance
This chapter provides the radio performance(1) of the OmniBAS™ all-outdoor

systems:
 Transmit (Tx) Power
 Rx Thresholds
 System Gains
 Radio & Ethernet Throughputs
 Link Ranges
(1) Radio performance parameters are subject to change without notice.
88
Transmit (Tx) Power
Introduction Depending on whether Pre-Distortion capability is used or not, the following

Transmit (Tx) Power Upper values (in dBm) are provided for OmniBAS™
all-outdoor systems.
Also, note that the Transmit (Tx) Power Lower values are equal to 0 dBm, in
any frequency band / modulation.
Tx Power
Upper values Tx Power Upper (dBm)
when Frequency Band (GHz)
Pre-Distortion
is used OmniBAS-OSDR OmniBAS-BX
Channel
Modulation 10.5 13 18 28(1) 32 38 13 18 38
Size (MHz)
15 23
26
4096-QAM 14 / 28 23 20 19 20 21 15 18 17 14
(2)
56 / 112(3) 21 18 17 18 19 13 16 15 12
2048-QAM 7 / 14 / 28 24 21 20 21 22 16 19 18 15
(2)
56 / 112(3) 22 19 18 19 20 14 17 16 13
1024-QAM 7 / 14 / 28 24 21 20 21 22 16 19 18 15
(2)
56 / 112(3) 23 20 19 20 21 15 18 17 14
512-QAM(2) 7 / 14 / 28 25 22 21 22 23 17 20 19 16
256-QAM(2)
128-QAM(2) 56 / 112(3) 24 21 20 21 22 16 19 18 15
64-QAM (2)
7 / 14 / 28 /
32-QAM 25 22 21 22 23 17 20 19 16
56 / 112(3)
7 / 14 / 28 /
16-QAM 26 23 22 23 24 18 21 20 17
56 / 112(3)
7 / 14 / 28 /
4-QAM 28 25 24 25 26 20 23 22 19
56 / 112(3)
(1)
Applicable for the OSDR units operating in High frequency band. In case of OSDR units operating in
Low frequency band, these values may be 1 dBm higher.
(2) The values provided for specific modulation applied with ATPC. Values of fixed power are 1 dB lower.
(3) 112 MHz channel is applicable only for OmniBAS-BX at 18 and 38 GHz.
89
Transmit (Tx) Power, Continued
Tx Power
Upper values Tx Power Upper (dBm)
when Frequency Band (GHz)
Pre-Distortion
is not used(1) OmniBAS-OSDR OmniBAS-BX
Modulation 10.5 13 18 28(2) 32 38 13 18 38
15 23
26
4096-QAM 14 11 10 11 12 6 9 8 5
2048-QAM 16 13 12 13 14 8 11 10 7
1024-QAM 17 14 13 14 15 9 12 11 8
512-QAM 19 16 15 16 17 11 14 13 10
256-QAM 20 17 16 17 18 12 15 14 11
128-QAM 22 19 18 19 20 14 17 16 13
64-QAM 23 20 19 20 21 15 18 17 14
32-QAM 25 22 21 22 23 17 20 19 16
16-QAM 26 23 22 23 24 18 21 20 17
4-QAM 28 25 24 25 26 20 23 22 19
(1)
Normally, not available to the user. The table is provided as a reference to assess the improvements
achieved in Tx Power with the Pre-Distortion mechanism.
(2)
Applicable for the OSDR units operating in High frequency band. In case of OSDR units operating in
Low frequency band, these values may be 1 dBm higher.
90
Rx Thresholds
The following table provides the Rx threshold values (in dBm) for
OmniBAS™ all-outdoor links.(1)
The Rx threshold values given below are valid for fixed modulation and
BER = 10-6.
Rx Thresholds (dBm)
Frequency Band (GHz)
Modulation / OmniBAS-OSDR OmniBAS-BX
Channel Size 10.5
(MHz)
13 18 23 26 28 32 38 13 18 38
15
112 -50.9 -48.9
4096- 56 -54.9 -53.9 -53.9 -53.4 -53.4 -52.9 -52.9 -54.9 -53.9 -51.9
QAM 28 -57.9 -56.9 -56.9 -56.4 -56.4 -55.9 -55.9 -57.9 -56.9 -54.9
14 -60.9 -59.9 -59.9 -59.4 -59.4 -58.9 -58.9 -60.9 -59.9 -57.9
112 - -54.4 -52.4
56 -58.4 -57.4 -57.4 -56.9 -56.9 -56.4 -56.4 -58.4 -57.4 -55.4
2048-
28 -61.4 -60.4 -60.4 -59.9 -59.9 -59.4 -59.4 -61.4 -60.4 -58.4
QAM
14 -64.4 -63.4 -63.4 -62.9 -62.9 -62.4 -62.4 -64.4 -63.4 -61.4
7 -67.4 -66.4 -66.4 -65.9 -65.9 -65.4 -65.4 -67.4 -66.4 -64.4
112 -57.6 -55.6
56 -61.6 -60.6 -60.6 -60.1 -60.1 -59.6 -59.6 -61.6 -60.6 -58.6
1024-
28 -64.6 -63.6 -63.6 -63.1 -63.1 -62.6 -62.6 -64.6 -63.6 -61.6
QAM
14 -67.6 -66.6 -66.6 -66.1 -66.1 -65.6 -65.6 -67.6 -66.6 -64.6
7 -70.6 -69.6 -69.6 -69.1 -69.1 -68.6 -68.6 -70.6 -69.6 -67.6
112 -61.0 -59.0
56 -65.0 -64.0 -64.0 -63.5 -63.5 -63.0 -63.0 -65.0 -64.0 -62.0
512-
28 -68.0 -67.0 -67.0 -66.5 -66.5 -66.0 -66.0 -68.0 -67.0 -65.0
QAM
14 -71.1 -70.1 -70.1 -69.6 -69.6 -69.1 -69.1 -71.1 -70.1 -68.1
7 -74.1 -73.1 -73.1 -72.6 -72.6 -72.1 -72.1 -74.1 -73.1 -71.1
(1) In RF planning, for ACM operation, 3 dB margin (approximately) for modulations down switch is assumed.
91
Rx Thresholds, Continued
Rx Thresholds (dBm)
Channel Size 10.5
(MHz)
13 18 23 26 28 32 38 13 18 38
15
112 -64.1 -62.1
56 -68.1 -67.1 -67.1 -66.6 -66.6 -66.1 -66.1 -68.1 -67.1 -65.1
256-
28 -71.1 -70.1 -70.1 -69.6 -69.6 -69.1 -69.1 -71.1 -70.1 -68.1
QAM
14 -74.1 -73.1 -73.1 -72.6 -72.6 -72.1 -72.1 -74.1 -73.1 -71.1
7 -77.1 -76.1 -76.1 -75.6 -75.6 -75.1 -75.1 -77.1 -76.1 -74.1
112 -67.3 -65.3
56 -71.3 -70.3 -70.3 -69.8 -69.8 -69.3 -69.3 -71.3 -70.3 -68.3
128-
28 -74.3 -73.3 -73.3 -72.8 -72.8 -72.3 -72.3 -74.3 -73.3 -71.3
QAM
14 -77.3 -76.3 -76.3 -75.8 -75.8 -75.3 -75.3 -77.3 -76.3 -74.3
7 -80.3 -79.3 -79.3 -78.8 -78.8 -78.3 -78.3 -80.3 -79.3 -77.3
112 -70.3 -68.3
56 -74.3 -73.3 -73.3 -72.8 -72.8 -72.3 -72.3 -74.3 -73.3 -71.3
64-QAM 28 -77.3 -76.3 -76.3 -75.8 -75.8 -75.3 -75.3 -77.3 -76.3 -74.3
14 -80.3 -79.3 -79.3 -78.8 -78.8 -78.3 -78.3 -80.3 -79.3 -77.3
7 -83.4 -82.4 -82.4 -81.9 -81.9 -81.4 -81.4 -83.4 -82.4 -80.4
112 -73.3 -71.3
56 -77.3 -76.3 -76.3 -75.8 -75.8 -75.3 -75.3 -77.3 -76.3 -74.3
32-QAM 28 -80.3 -79.3 -79.3 -78.8 -78.8 -78.3 -78.3 -80.3 -79.3 -77.3
14 -83.4 -82.4 -82.4 -81.9 -81.9 -81.4 -81.4 -83.4 -82.4 -80.4
7 -86.4 -85.4 -85.4 -84.9 -84.9 -84.4 -84.4 -86.4 -85.4 -83.4
112 -76.8 -74.8
56 -80.8 -79.8 -79.8 -79.3 -79.3 -78.8 -78.8 -80.8 -79.8 -77.8
16-QAM 28 -83.8 -82.8 -82.8 -82.3 -82.3 -81.8 -81.8 -83.8 -82.8 -80.8
14 -86.9 -85.9 -85.9 -85.4 -85.4 -84.9 -84.9 -86.9 -85.9 -83.9
7 -89.9 -88.9 -88.9 -88.4 -88.4 -87.9 -87.9 -89.9 -88.9 -86.9
112 -83.7 -81.7
56 -87.7 -86.7 -86.7 -86.2 -86.2 -85.7 -85.7 -87.7 -86.7 -84.7
4-QAM 28 -90.7 -89.7 -89.7 -89.2 -89.2 -88.7 -88.7 -90.7 -89.7 -87.7
14 -93.8 -92.8 -92.8 -92.3 -92.3 -91.8 -91.8 -93.8 -92.8 -90.8
7 -96.8 -95.8 -95.8 -95.3 -95.3 -94.8 -94.8 -96.8 -95.8 -93.8
92
System Gains
The following table provides the System Gain values (in dB) for OmniBAS™
all-outdoor links.
The System Gain values given below are valid for fixed modulation and
BER = 10-6.
The System Gain values provided in the table below refer to the
case of Tx Power with Pre-Distortion.
System Gain (dB)

Channel Size
(MHz) 13
10.5 18 23 26 28 32 38 13 18 38
15
112 65.9 60.9
4096- 56 75.9 72.9 70.9 70.9 70.4 71.4 71.9 65.9 70.9 68.9 63.9
QAM 28 80.9 77.9 75.9 75.9 75.4 76.4 76.9 70.9 75.9 73.9 68.9
14 83.9 80.9 78.9 78.9 78.4 79.4 79.9 73.9 78.9 76.9 71.9
112 70.4 65.4
56 80.4 77.4 75.4 75.4 74.9 75.9 76.4 70.4 75.4 73.4 68.4
2048-
28 85.4 82.4 80.4 80.4 79.9 80.9 81.4 75.4 80.4 78.4 73.4
QAM
14 88.4 85.4 83.4 83.4 82.9 83.9 84.4 78.4 83.4 81.4 76.4
7 91.4 88.4 86.4 86.4 85.9 86.9 87.4 81.4 86.4 84.4 79.4
112 74.6 69.6
56 84.6 81.6 79.6 79.6 79.1 80.1 80.6 74.6 79.6 77.6 72.6
1024-
28 88.6 85.6 83.6 83.6 83.1 84.1 84.6 78.6 83.6 81.6 76.6
QAM
14 91.6 88.6 86.6 86.6 86.1 87.1 87.6 81.6 86.6 84.6 79.6
7 94.6 91.6 89.6 89.6 89.1 90.1 90.6 84.6 89.6 87.6 82.6
112 79.0 74.0
56 89.0 86.0 84.0 84.0 83.5 84.5 85.0 79.0 84.0 82.0 77.0
512-
28 93.0 90.0 88.0 88.0 87.5 88.5 89.0 83.0 88.0 86.0 81.0
QAM
14 96.1 93.1 91.1 91.1 90.6 91.6 92.1 86.1 91.1 89.1 84.1
7 99.1 96.1 94.1 94.1 93.6 94.6 95.1 89.1 94.1 92.1 87.1
93
System Gains, Continued
System Gain (dB)

Channel Size
(MHz) 13 18
10.5 23 26 28 32 38 13 18 38
15
112 82.1 77.1
56 92.1 89.1 87.1 87.1 86.6 87.6 88.1 82.1 87.1 85.1 80.1
256-
28 96.1 93.1 91.1 91.1 90.6 91.6 92.1 86.1 91.1 89.1 84.1
QAM
14 99.1 96.1 94.1 94.1 93.6 94.6 95.1 89.1 94.1 92.1 87.1
7 102.1 99.1 97.1 97.1 96.6 97.6 98.1 92.1 97.1 95.1 90.1
112 85.3 80.3
56 95.3 92.3 90.3 90.3 89.8 90.8 91.3 85.3 90.3 88.3 83.3
128-
28 99.3 96.3 94.3 94.3 93.8 94.8 95.3 89.3 94.3 92.3 87.3
QAM
14 102.3 99.3 97.3 97.3 96.8 97.8 98.3 92.3 97.3 95.3 90.3
7 105.3 102.3 100.3 100.3 99.8 100.8 101.3 95.3 100.3 98.3 93.3
112 88.3 83.3
56 98.3 95.3 93.3 93.3 92.8 93.8 94.3 88.3 93.3 91.3 86.3
64-QAM 28 102.3 99.3 97.3 97.3 96.8 97.8 98.3 92.3 97.3 95.3 90.3
14 105.3 102.3 100.3 100.3 99.8 100.8 101.3 95.3 100.3 98.3 93.3
7 108.4 105.4 103.4 103.4 102.9 103.9 104.4 98.4 103.4 101.4 96.4
112 92.3 87.3
56 102.3 99.3 97.3 97.3 96.8 97.8 98.3 92.3 97.3 95.3 90.3
32-QAM 28 105.3 102.3 100.3 100.3 99.8 100.8 101.3 95.3 100.3 98.3 93.3
14 108.4 105.4 103.4 103.4 102.9 103.9 104.4 98.4 103.4 101.4 96.4
7 111.4 108.4 106.4 106.4 105.9 106.9 107.4 101.4 106.4 104.4 99.4
112 96.8 91.8
56 106.8 103.8 101.8 101.8 101.3 102.3 102.8 96.8 101.8 99.8 94.8
16-QAM 28 109.8 106.8 104.8 104.8 104.3 105.3 105.8 99.8 104.8 102.8 97.8
14 112.9 109.9 107.9 107.9 107.4 108.4 108.9 102.9 107.9 105.9 100.9
7 115.9 112.9 110.9 110.9 110.4 111.4 111.9 105.9 110.9 108.9 103.9
112 105.7 100.7
56 115.7 112.7 110.7 110.7 110.2 111.2 111.7 105.7 110.7 108.7 103.7
4-QAM 28 118.7 115.7 113.7 113.7 113.2 114.2 114.7 108.7 113.7 111.7 106.7
14 121.8 118.8 116.8 116.8 116.3 117.3 117.8 111.8 116.8 114.8 109.8
7 124.8 121.8 119.8 119.8 119.3 120.3 120.8 114.8 119.8 117.8 112.8
94
Radio & Ethernet Throughputs
Introduction This paragraph provides the Radio (Air) and maximum Ethernet (Line Rate)
throughput values(1) for OmniBAS™ all-outdoor links when MAC Header
Suppression (MHS) is enabled and when MAC Header Suppression (MHS)
is disabled.
Throughput values refer to Layer1 Ethernet traffic with 64, 128, 256, 512,
1024, 1280, 1522 and 9600(2)-byte packet size.
In case of OmniBAS™-BX in XPIC 2+0 operation, the Radio

and Ethernet throughputs values are 1.97 times(3) the values of
a single link.
Throughput values are provided assuming Optimum System

Gain radio profile. In case of OmniBAS™-BX operating in
Enhanced ACM profile, at higher modulations, the radio
throughput will be deteriorated by approximately maximum:
 1 Mbit/s at channel sizes ≥ 28 MHz.
 1.5 Mbit/s at channel sizes < 28 MHz.
(1) Values accuracy: ±1 Mbit/s.

(2) Throughput values for 9600-byte packet size are provided only for MHS disabled.
(3) Up to 2000 Mbit/s.
95
Radio & Ethernet Throughputs, Continued
Throughput Find below the Air and Line Throughput values (in Mbit/s) for MAC Header
values when Suppression enabled.
MHS enabled
Radio & Ethernet Throughput (Mbit/s)
Channel Line per byte frame size
Modulation Air
Size 64 128 256 512 1024 1280 1522
4096-QAM(1) 1110 1759 1404 1251 1179 1144 1137 1133
2048-QAM 1008 1599 1276 1136 1071 1039 1033 1029
1024-QAM 907 1438 1148 1022 963 935 929 926
512-QAM 805 1277 1019 908 856 830 825 822
256-QAM 704 1116 891 793 748 726 721 719
112 MHz
128-QAM 602 955 762 679 640 621 617 615
64-QAM 501 794 634 565 532 517 514 512
32-QAM 372 591 472 420 396 384 382 381
16-QAM 298 473 377 336 317 307 306 304
4-QAM 149 236 189 168 158 154 153 152
4096-QAM 555 879 702 625 589 572 569 566
2048-QAM 504 798 637 568 535 520 516 514
1024-QAM 454 719 573 510 481 467 464 463
512-QAM 403 638 509 454 428 414 412 411
256-QAM 352 558 445 396 374 363 360 359
56 MHz
128-QAM 301 477 381 340 320 311 308 307
64-QAM 251 397 317 282 266 258 257 256
32-QAM 186 295 236 210 198 192 191 190
16-QAM 149 236 188 167 158 154 152 152
4-QAM 75 118 94 84 79 77 76 76
4096-QAM 376 595 475 423 398 387 384 383
2048-QAM 341 541 431 384 362 352 349 348
1024-QAM 307 487 388 346 326 316 314 313
512-QAM 273 432 345 307 289 281 279 278
40 256-QAM 238 377 301 268 253 246 244 243
MHz(2) 128-QAM 204 322 258 230 217 210 209 208
64-QAM 170 269 215 191 180 175 174 173
32-QAM 126 200 160 142 134 130 129 128.5
16-QAM 101 160 127 113 107 104 103 103
4-QAM 50 80 64 56.5 53 52 51 51
(1) For channel sizes and modulations supported, please refer to page 79.
(2) For 40 MHz Channel Size, please refer to product roadmap.
96
Throughput
Radio & Ethernet Throughput (Mbit/s) - MHS enabled
values when
MHS enabled, Channel Line per byte frame size
continued Modulation Air
Size 64 128 256 512 1024 1280 1522
4096-QAM 277 438 350 311 293 285 283 282
2048-QAM 252 398 318 283 267 259 257 256
1024-QAM 226 358 286 255 240 233 231 231
512-QAM 201 318 254 226 213 207 206 205
256-QAM 176 278 222 197 186 181 180 179
28 MHz
128-QAM 150 237 190 169 159 155 154 153
64-QAM 125 198 158 141 133 129 128 127
32-QAM 93 147 117 104 98 96 95 95
16-QAM 74 118 93 84 79 77 76 76
4-QAM 37 59 47 42 39 38 38 38
4096-QAM 170 269 215 191 180 175 174 173
2048-QAM 155 245 195 174 164 159 158 157
1024-QAM 139 220 176 156 147 143 142 142
512-QAM 124 195 156 139 131 127 127 126
256-QAM 108 171 136 121 114 110 111 110
20 MHz(1)
128-QAM 92 146 117 104 98 95 95 94
64-QAM 77 122 97 86 81 79 78 78
32-QAM 57 90 72 64 60 59 59 58
16-QAM 46 72 58 51 48 47 47 47
4-QAM 23 36 29 25 24 24 23 23
4096-QAM 133 210 168 150 141 137 136 135
2048-QAM 121 191 153 136 128 125 124 123
1024-QAM 108 172 137 122 115 112 111 111
512-QAM 96 152 122 108 102 99 99 98
256-QAM 84 133 106 94 89 87 86 86
14 MHz
128-QAM 72 114 91 81 76 74 74 73
64-QAM 60 94 75 67 63 62 61 61
32-QAM 44 69 55 149 47 45 45 45
16-QAM 35 56 44 40 37 36 36 36
4-QAM 18 28 22 20 18 18 18 18
97
Throughput
Radio & Ethernet Throughput (Mbit/s) - MHS enabled
values when
MHS enabled, Channel Line per byte frame size
continued Modulation Air
Size 64 128 256 512 1024 1280 1522
4096-QAM N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A
2048-QAM 59 94 75 66 63 61 61 60
1024-QAM 53 84 67 60 57 55 55 54
512-QAM 47 75 59 53 50 49 48 48
256-QAM 41 65 52 46 44 42 42 42
7 MHz
128-QAM 35 55 44 39 37 36 36 36
64-QAM 29 46 36 32 30 30 30 30
32-QAM 21 33 26 23 22 21 21 21
16-QAM 17 26 21 19 18 17 17 17
4-QAM 8 13 11 9 9 9 9 9
98
Throughput Find below the Air and Line Throughput values (in Mbit/s) for MAC Header
values when Suppression disabled.
MHS disabled
Modulation Air
Size 64 128 256 512 1024 1280 1522 9600
4096-QAM(1) 1110 1457 1284 1197 1153 1132 1127 1125 1112
2048-QAM 1008 1324 1166 1087 1048 1028 1024 1022 1010
1024-QAM 907 1191 1049 978 943 925 921 919 909
512-QAM 805 1057 932 869 837 821 818 816 806
256-QAM 704 924 814 759 732 718 715 713 705
112 MHz
128-QAM 602 791 697 650 626 615 612 611 603
64-QAM 501 658 580 540 521 511 509 508 502
32-QAM 372 489 431 402 387 380 379 378 373
16-QAM 298 392 345 322 310 304 303 302 299
4-QAM 149 196 172 161 155 152 152 151 150
4096-QAM 555 728 641 598 577 566 564 562 556
2048-QAM 504 662 583 543 524 514 512 511 505
1024-QAM 454 595 524 489 471 462 460 459 455
512-QAM 403 529 466 434 418 410 409 408 404
256-QAM 352 462 407 380 366 359 357 357 353
56 MHz
128-QAM 301 395 348 325 313 307 306 305 302
64-QAM 251 329 290 270 260 255 254 254 251
32-QAM 186 244 215 201 193 190 189 189 187
16-QAM 149 196 172 161 155 152 151 151 150
4-QAM 75 98 86 80 77 76 75 75 75
4096-QAM 376 493 434 405 390 383 381 380 376
2048-QAM 341 448 395 368 355 348 346 346 342
1024-QAM 307 403 355 331 319 313 312 311 308
512-QAM 273 358 315 294 283 278 277 276 273
40 256-QAM 238 313 275 257 248 243 242 241 239
MHz(2) 128-QAM 204 267 236 220 212 208 207 207 205
64-QAM 170 223 196 183 176 173 172 172 170
32-QAM 126 165 146 136 131 129 128 128 127
16-QAM 101 132 117 109 105 103 102 102 101
4-QAM 50 66 58 54 52 51 51 51 51
(1) For channel sizes and modulations supported, please refer to page 79.
(2) For 40 MHz Channel Size, please refer to product roadmap.
99
Throughput values
when MHS disabled,
continued
Modulation Air
Size 64 128 256 512 1024 1280 1522 9600
4096-QAM 277 363 320 298 287 282 281 280 278
2048-QAM 252 330 290 271 261 256 255 254 252
1024-QAM 226 296 261 243 235 230 230 229 227
512-QAM 201 263 232 216 209 204 204 203 201
256-QAM 176 230 203 189 182 179 178 178 176
28 MHz
128-QAM 150 197 173 162 156 153 152 152 151
64-QAM 125 164 144 135 130 127 127 126 125
32-QAM 93 122 107 100 96 95 94 94 93
16-QAM 74 97 86 80 77 76 75 75 75
4-QAM 37 49 43 40 39 38 38 38 37
4096-QAM 170 223 197 183 177 174 173 172 170
2048-QAM 155 203 179 167 161 158 157 156 155
1024-QAM 139 183 161 150 144 142 141 141 140
512-QAM 124 162 143 133 128 125 125 125 124
256-QAM 108 141 124 116 112 110 109 109 108
20 MHz(1)
128-QAM 92 121 107 100 96 94 94 94 93
64-QAM 77 101 89 83 80 78 78 78 77
32-QAM 57 75 66 61 59 58 58 58 57
16-QAM 46 60 53 49 47 47 46 46 46
4-QAM 23 30 26 25 24 23 23 23 23
4096-QAM 133 174 153 143 138 136 135 134 133
2048-QAM 121 158 140 130 125 123 122 122 121
1024-QAM 108 142 125 117 113 111 110 110 109
512-QAM 96 126 111 104 100 98 98 98 97
256-QAM 84 110 97 90 87 85 85 85 84
14 MHz
128-QAM 72 94 83 77 75 73 73 73 72
64-QAM 60 78 69 64 62 61 60 60 60
32-QAM 44 58 51 47 46 45 45 44 44
16-QAM 35 46 40 38 37 36 36 36 35
4-QAM 18 23 20 19 18 18 18 18 18
(1) For 20 MHz Channel Sizes, please refer to product roadmap.
100
Throughput values
when MHS
disabled, continued

Modulation Air
Size 64 128 256 512 1024 1280 1522 9600
4096-QAM N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A
2048-QAM 59 77 68 64 61 60 60 60 59
1024-QAM 53 69 61 57 55 54 54 54 53
512-QAM 47 61 54 50 49 48 48 47 47
256-QAM 41 54 47 44 43 42 42 42 41
7 MHz
128-QAM 35 46 40 37 36 36 36 36 35
64-QAM 29 38 33 31 30 30 29 29 29
32-QAM 21 27 24 22 21 21 21 21 21
16-QAM 17 22 19 18 17 17 17 17 17
4-QAM 8 11 9 9 9 8 8 8 8
101
Link Ranges
Introduction This paragraph provides the link ranges (in km) of the OmniBAS™
all-outdoor systems for three indicative cities (having different rain
characteristics) and for operation in two different frequency bands (18 and 38
GHz).
The range values given hereinafter are indicative and cannot be used as a
strict guide for the design and dimensioning of the radio access network.
Special analysis per case is required.
Assumptions For the calculated link ranges, the following assumptions have been taken
into account:
 Link ranges are indicative maximum.
 Adverse propagation conditions (reflections, ducting, etc.) and antenna
off-axis loss effects are not taken into account.
 Actual link ranges will differ when the applicable installation details such as
antenna heights and the full set of propagation conditions are taken into
account.
 ACM operation in high modulation schemes (e.g. 4096-QAM) would
significantly add to the system performance stability, because higher
modulations are very susceptible to the propagation environment (delay
spread, multipath dynamic effects, etc.).
 Tx Power with Pre-Distortion is considered.
Assumptions per Region

Parameters Moscow Athens New Delhi
(Russia) (Greece) (India)
Rain Intensity (R0.01) (1) 32 mm/hr 47 mm/hr 58 mm/hr
Geo-climatic Factor (2) 4.46E-05 2.13E-04 1.13E-04
Average Site Height (ASL) 200 m 250 m 225 m
Site Antenna Height Difference 50 m
Frequency bands 18 / 38 GHz
Channel Sizes 28 / 56 / 112 MHz
Link Mode 1+0
Utilized Antennas High-performance Parabolic Antennas:
0.6 m diameter (18 GHz, 38 GHz) /
0.3 m diameter (42 GHz)
Antenna Polarization Vertical
(1) According to ITU-R Rec. P.837-5

(2) According to ITU-R Rec. P.530-13
102
Link Ranges, Continued
Link Range
values Link Ranges (km) - 18 GHz
Annual Moscow Athens New Delhi
Availability
Modulation 28 56 112 28 56 112 28 56 112
(due to
propagation) MHz MHz MHz MHz MHz MHz MHz MHz MHz
4-QAM 25.7 23.7 21.7 18.4 17.1 15.8 15.3 14.2 13.3
16-QAM 20.0 18.3 16.7 14.7 13.5 12.4 12.4 11.4 10.4
32-QAM 17.6 16.0 14.5 13.0 11.9 10.8 10.9 10.0 9.2
64-QAM 16.0 14.1 12.7 11.9 10.6 9.5 10.0 8.9 8.1
128-QAM 14.6 12.8 11.5 10.9 9.6 8.6 9.2 8.1 7.3
99.995%
256-QAM 13.1 11.4 10.1 9.8 8.6 7.7 8.3 7.3 6.5
512-QAM 11.8 10.1 9.0 8.9 7.7 6.8 7.5 6.5 5.8
1024-QAM 10.0 8.5 7.5 7.6 6.5 5.7 6.4 5.5 4.8
2048-QAM 8.8 7.0 6.1 6.6 5.4 4.6 5.6 4.6 4.0
4096-QAM 7.2 5.3 4.5 5.5 4.1 3.5 4.7 3.5 3.0
1024-QAM 12.0 10.2 8.9 9.3 7.9 6.9 8.0 6.8 6.0
99.99% 2048-QAM 10.6 8.4 7.2 8.1 6.5 5.6 7.0 5.6 4.9
4096-QAM 8.6 6.3 5.3 6.7 4.9 4.2 5.8 4.3 3.6
Link Ranges (km) - 38 GHz

Annual Moscow Athens New Delhi
Availability
Modulation 28 56 112 28 56 112 28 56 112
(due to
propagation) MHz MHz MHz MHz MHz MHz MHz MHz MHz
4-QAM 9.5 8.9 8.3 6.9 6.4 6.0 5.7 5.3 5.0
16-QAM 7.8 7.2 6.7 5.6 5.2 4.8 4.6 4.3 4.0
32-QAM 6.9 6.4 5.9 5.0 4.6 4.2 4.1 3.8 3.5
64-QAM 6.4 5.7 5.2 4.6 4.1 3.7 3.8 3.4 3.1
128-QAM 5.9 5.2 4.7 4.2 3.7 3.4 3.5 3.1 2.8
99.995%
256-QAM 5.3 4.7 4.2 3.8 3.4 3.0 3.2 2.8 2.5
512-QAM 4.8 4.2 3.8 3.5 3.0 2.7 2.9 2.5 2.3
1024-QAM 4.2 3.6 3.2 3.0 2.6 2.3 2.5 2.1 1.9
2048-QAM 3.7 3.0 2.6 2.7 2.2 1.9 2.2 1.8 1.6
4096-QAM 3.1 2.4 2.0 2.2 1.7 1.5 1.8 1.4 1.2
1024-QAM 5.3 4.5 4.0 3.9 3.3 3.0 3.2 2.8 2.5
99.99% 2048-QAM 4.7 3.8 3.3 3.4 2.8 2.5 2.9 2.4 2.1
4096-QAM 3.9 2.9 2.5 2.9 2.2 1.9 2.4 1.8 1.6
103
104
Glossary
AAA Authentication, Authorization and Accounting

ACL Access Control List
ACM Adaptive Coding and Modulation
AES Advanced Encryption Standard
AIS Alarm Indication Signal
ATPC Automatic Transmission Power Control
BER Bit Error Ratio
BNM Bandwidth Notification Message
BSS Business Support Systems
CapEx Capital Expenditure
CBAN Converged Backhaul and Aggregation Node
CBS Committed Burst Size
CCMs Continuity Check Messages
CDMA Code Division Multiple Access
CE Carrier Ethernet
CFM Connectivity Fault Management
CIR Committed Information Rate
CIST Common and Internal Spanning Tree
CLI Command Line Interface
CoS Class of Service
CPE Customer Premises Equipment
C-VLAN Customer VLAN
DSCP Differentiated Services Code Point
EBS Excess Burst Size
EFM Ethernet in the First Mile
EIR Excess Information Rate
E-LAN Ethernet-transparent LAN
EMC Electromagnetic Compatibility
EPC Evolved Packet Core
EPL Ethernet Private Line
ERP Ethernet Ring Protection
ESMC Ethernet Synchronization Messaging Channel
ETH Ethernet
ETH-BN Ethernet Bandwidth Notification
ETSI European Telecommunications Standards Institute
EVC Ethernet Virtual Connection
105
Glossary
Glossary, Continued
EVPL Ethernet Virtual Private Line

FE Fast Ethernet
FDB Filtering Database
FEC Forward Error Correction
FTP File Transfer Protocol
GbE Gigabit Ethernet
HetNets Heterogeneous Networks
HQoS Hierarchical QoS
HSB Hot Standby
HTTP HyperText Transfer Protocol
HTTPS Hypertext Transfer Protocol Secure
IDU Indoor Unit
IEEE Institute of Electrical & Electronics Engineers
IFG InterFrame Gap
IP Internet Protocol
IPTV Internet Protocol Television
ISP Internet Service Provider
ITU International Telecommunication Union
KPI Key Performance Indicator
LACP Link Aggregation Control Protocol
LAG Link Aggregation
LAN Local Area Network
LBMs Loopback Messages
LDPC Low-Density Parity Check
LLDP Link Layer Discovery Protocol
LoS Line-of-Sight
LSP Label Switched Path
LTE Long Term Evolution
LTMs Link Trace Messages
MAC Media Access Control
MEF Metro Ethernet Forum
MEN Metro Ethernet Network
MIMO Multi-Input Multiple-Output
MPLS Multi-Protocol Label Switching
106
Glossary, Continued
MSTI Multiple Spanning Tree Instance

MSTP Multiple Spanning Tree Protocol
MW Microwave
NBI North Bound Interfaces
NETCONF Network Configuration Protocol
NMS Network Management System
NTP Network Time Protocol
OAM Operations, Administration & Maintenance
ODU Outdoor Unit
OMT OrthoMode Transducer
OpEx Operational Expenditure
OSS Operations Support Systems
PonE Power on Ethernet
PRE PREamble
PtMP Point-to-Multi Point
PtP Point-to-Point
PTP Precision Time Protocol
QAM Quadrature Amplitude Modulation
QoS Quality of Service
RAI Remote Alarm Indication
RF Radio Frequency
RLA Radio Link Aggregation
RMEP Remote Maintenance End Point
RMON Remote Network Monitoring
RNC Radio Node Controller
RoHS Restriction of Hazardous Substances
RSL Received Signal Level
RRC Radio Resource Control
RSSI Receiver Signal Strength Indicator
RSTP Rapid Spanning Tree Protocol
RU Rack Unit
SDH Synchronous Digital Hierarchy
SLA Service Level Agreement
SNMP Simple Network Management Protocol
SNR Signal-to-Noise Ratio
SP Strict Priority
STP Spanning Tree Protocol
107
Glossary
Glossary, Continued
S-VLAN Service VLAN

SyncE Synchronous Ethernet
TACACS Terminal Access Controller Access Control System
TC Transparent Clock
TDM Time Division Multiplexing
TMF Tele Management Forum
UNI User Network Interface
VLAN Virtual Local Area Network
VPN Virtual Private Network
WFQ Weighted Fair Queuing
WRED Weighted Random Early Discard
WRR Weighted Round Robin
XPIC Cross Polarization Interference Cancellation
108
Intracom Telecom Regional Contacts
Europe Iberia & LATAM Russia & CIS

19.7 km. Markopoulou Ave. Avenida Manoteras 8, Gate 4, 23 Novoslobodskaya Str., BC “Meyerhold”
19002 Peania, Athens Office 1K, 28050 Madrid Office 364, Moscow, 127055
Greece Spain Russia
t: +30 2106671000 t: +34 910 616661 t: +7 495 7800492
sales@intracom-telecom.com sales@intracom-telecom.com sales@intracom-telecom.com
North America Middle East & APAC Africa

3885 Crestwood Parkway Building No. 3, Office No. 204 Unit 29, Cambridge Office Park
Suite 100, Duluth, P.O. Box 500517, Dubai 5 Bauhinia Street, Highveld Technopark
Georgia 30096 Internet City, Dubai Centurion, Gauteng
USA United Arab Emirates South Africa
t: +1 770 2952500 t: +971 4 3625666 t: +27 12 8800260
sales@intracom-telecom.com sales@intracom-telecom.com sales@intracom-telecom.com

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Document Revision History

Previous Document Edition: 5.0

Current Document Edition: 5.1

9 OmniBAS Management .............................................................................................. 73

Fig. 1: OmniBAS™ all-outdoor systems .................................................................................. 13

(Page intentionally left blank)

Overview of OmniBAS Product Family

Introduction The OmniBAS™ family of Intracom Telecom IP MW PtP portfolio comprises:

 The OmniBAS™ all-outdoor system (based on OSDR - Outdoor

OmniBAS™ The OmniBAS™ Indoor Units (IDUs)(1) are shown below:

Indoor Unit (IDU) Description

Continued on next page

(1) For details, please refer to OmniBAS™ System Description.

Overview of OmniBAS Product Family, Continued

Indoor Unit (IDU) Description

Continued on next page

Overview of OmniBAS Product Family, Continued

Indoor Unit (IDU) Description

Continued on next page

Overview of OmniBAS Product Family, Continued

OmniBAS™ ODU OmniBAS™ Slim ODU Integrated outdoor system

(1) For details, please refer to OmniBAS™ System Description.

About OmniBAS All-Outdoor Solutions

Overview OmniBAS OSDR and OmniBAS-BX systems constitute the all-outdoor

Fig. 1: OmniBAS™ all-outdoor systems

Continued on next page

(1) Please, refer to product roadmap.

About OmniBAS All-Outdoor Solutions, Continued

Highlights  Full-outdoor, native-IP, Point-to-Point (PtP) microwave solution.

Continued on next page

About OmniBAS All-Outdoor Solutions, Continued

OmniBAS-BX  Channels up to 112 MHz.

(1) Please, refer to product roadmap.

This chapter describes the typical applications which the OmniBAS™

For graphical simplicity, the following pages depict OmniBAS™

Mobile 4G / 5G Last-Mile Backhaul

Today’s mobile networks require advanced IP MW transmission systems for

Fig. 2: Last-mile mobile backhaul application

Leasing Services for ISPs

Competitive fixed service providers with own network infrastructure are

Fig. 3: Leasing Services for ISPs application

Enterprise Connectivity / Utility Companies / Resilient

Utility companies, governmental and other state organizations can deploy

Fig. 4: OmniBAS™-OSDR / OmniBAS™-BX serving utility companies

Unified Multi-Technology Backhaul

Introduction A Converged Backhaul Aggregation Node (CBAN) solution can flexibly

Fig. 5: Deployment of a backhaul network incorporating OmniBAS™ CBAN nodes

Continued on next page

Unified Multi-Technology Backhaul, Continued

Fig. 6: Connection capabilities of a CBAN node

Continued on next page

(1) For OmniBAS-10P availability, please refer to product roadmap.

Unified Multi-Technology Backhaul, Continued

For details on equipment description of Converged Backhaul Aggregation

Connectivity Prior to representing the typical link topologies of OmniBAS™ all-outdoor

Fig. 7: Traffic & Power Connection options of OmniBAS™ all-outdoor systems

1+0 Link Topology

Fig. 8: OmniBAS™-OSDR / OmniBAS™-BX 1+0 Link Topology

Several OmniBAS™ all-outdoor links can be cascaded (see Fig. 9) to enhance

Fig. 9: Repeater Topology (OmniBAS™-OSDR / OmniBAS™-BX cascaded 1+0 links)

1+1 Link Protection

Introduction The 1+1 protected system configuration provides increased service