3° Becominga Tailor Thi chapter explore loc conceptionsaf karin in ong processes of p= ‘rete How did apprente lar the alling rt? To begin to ‘His tis quetion tured fo Bren, Brown, and che? opie ‘iene ase eeirch on sng nid computer sided isto (983) ‘Th model was especialy trace bth eco pointes to eodied tivity oud the aborstiryandbsaneitecmed afer awayoutal the i of opie theory an tr enbesng inary gia logic hat eo entstefrcoaly on them and correspon exclu the body (eng 3 pitine divide between a aceite sujet a a dering “evront” Burton, Brown, abd Fischer tok ales schoo deriated approach lesrning than most. Rather than empbasaig ech oF owlegetransmison rm enperetononces hy ale of rove sk rlewing special contived itstions, pe mcroworl that a forded nove entry pt etablbed with thehlp of caches Novices wuldanove toward aceistion ndinerationfcencepalandphye ‘elas an toward th posilty of ell comrecton of errs. This 2p rooch ood wl fo quetonlng he convo whom that nf ‘Balteacng sd les ning mast be conret ite endimited ‘posing one dual arin of expitve rch by taking up te ot yeah trateyofctoie there dye a ow hat had ‘engaged in more broadly dened thnorapicreearchon the ve ofl concerned in Happy Come, ee ow alin wat pt ofthe ives ‘athe than drt eto bt oe of te parteTwth ad ot lowed the urement log of learning mateo dens, rit provided omen forundesindinghow hanging knowledge ill was cont taeda pat ofan badly Changing theo of erm in oman thine Ite oadon ny srlyiaieaming rom mints ‘engagement in opti tak to ee of picition in he rossot becoming » astral, Whatever my notion of the whale of appre ‘eecip however tl concent oo know instrument ‘rodent ney eae ondration others leer 2nd he practice of talerng changed. hnegrapic evidence presented chap {eeasppors the propesion arte wat mone happeaing tan changes Ith ts elegy fhe appeatiee Bges mnds, bcs 2d fet bo the ocala eich edna wa cyto scam Appr ‘ietipwto-lenn ning” Whatieterng? Makingoher Toss ppeencesipto omy bow newcomers ear oma obs. During amino liwork follows seve young pqcenscs whe were ming diferent gms force fit tine, Lil was ne tte yeas old a a been 28sec forsale waa Shyer git bor playful id wheat, fered ht at Ghd her appenies the ine Thee were sever] ther apprenticer ak ‘umber faster inthe shep where. worked some of om belped ‘hop wat taneyitd ding the nie ald with an speeds ‘bout how ey wena eting tow clothe The apprentes ld ‘methat thoy wate inorder lem how tee rometing thant tiie fe Ino stop making tare you hol to prac, he we aot iret he ce, htt why (nd {padualcaeto ink that hey wore teling me ra things pete Kee undetsndingappretceship. wth inventing ube that ean ing depend in good parton the nite serena tht ony leno changed asthe progsessed. elt ae ering peoerae it malland weit ge) were divided toto phases The frat pose, which elle "way nine nation Into the nyse f some parca act othe point of being abet Produce ie apposition Ten the appesice practiced emggiag favre facies designed ok Utz mn apposition? 2 igh level of este. "Way 2"pat”loked promising as ways Todeerte the eppener stots I decked to ake apreticshi ast ee he bjt tly how ars wre learn ocr ors ‘ied by the parrot nventoy al uch ue The st lf cap {ermopsnyundestandig of nds of win nchdoginial cor tecngues Th scond al es the ie tim ofteaching an hing il apprentices ned olan frie there andpactectingou, ad -cometon the caper eps ako consider the po mathe pment ering ps cen the apesLearning Peet in apprenticeship fered to analy the alos aprenizehip 2» a near whel, a ‘ahd one end, itary way followed by zon taectay of pra ‘ice feral apprentices lame many ne ings during te fit eee of appretecip and ewer new things trong practie tol up more td more of hi working time, arte the tejectary of he ppreatices Tooke oughly unidneonal Ba his atlonle wal do: waysin wee eultedforawide are of production rocesesat many ferent pins ‘tin the tetany ofappriesip are whsle “The problem, then ast map sequte of lxnig that had seal ere ecpes win which wy ina practic organied ering ro even Thi veappng ond intertwining produced ering eae A map ofapprentcip a conve tat he tine comprised te eves earaing proces Each (thought) subsumed the eet more detaled ‘vsonof production setvies, Ath moe inhive el, there asthe tment mentary Then hee wee mliplewapximand kinds of racie thie eaming esc armen Eatphatea! lesningtomaecach garment, Principal sewing alerting ou rgued a sepatete sequence ofan nd pace ace, ‘Throughout the apprenticeship apprentices were peripheral atic pancwithlegimate arc ta the ersof matt pace, Ty coal serve both the procs of gumentconrton and the products that ‘led: Maer alr snd apprentice inthe shape embodied al eee of {iin waye that made it pou for learer toafr deco in which ‘hey were going moves the changing septhat woul beet ‘months years Tangible produce mere abundant madewshvaying Je (reesofoncepanand physical ely sprecer wither sme ‘Stexpeence Allo these factors niche he lame oils foro ‘kerstandig what made phe procs ofsppreaticeship—aewelar fru ertundingallering Tati knowedge cou Boban diet by he lear al id ot Spend onthe initio teacher ‘Machof tht the rs nde oa nled' age component phy ail. Cutting, sewing. and even earring at ssl at ‘el as metal ones. Te bs ko ase eam 0 concep po esse of gue canstuction fr diferent Kine of game, ning tye warition And they need toe opted conceptions rte inthe proces ofcontrucingspamentney ois ‘hace wer ways inthe prenipprces awoke an int he Ting och homie gmc ietoy “hy tng arp were hat isha Ben pres foley dpe spurte om thecoutem at pene Agreed how wed tere {ded oelddeh male ves one septs a ing ne nwhch hy as onl oo on btn 0 aa "havin ine denon open cae {pe Ty parinedonmepotcetbnetempting maka * Likewise apprentices became familiar with the sewing machine, the ma- sn pict eipment thy aed ome Seng ong ‘nficning te ted Ome mater commented jo tk ts the wt ple he machine nora hen eso” enfant) Thesprentespatced eens ot ‘Shinedown te Eco prt th lp se eh ‘the nde se heath wet pring aly ot Toumlhlgepin ef cre what eedcborecepacay ‘enya sed gpd peor ied pacing ting “Roy lemedto eth tions sy ing mein > ‘ontounal tipo woe webs Overthesae e Soeteciestiten Lite Misting to cut bt off pe of auc Late aki masts, wth Lite M yas plyinget ering sn, "Hedoerittlean elena paying ei preting seme yellow routers that Gade Saray sight Hecbiauly oes howto pres, ut ie stang enough ‘ron well AS, nother ase in tbe shop) takes over and wth {ood del more yowe and autor. Bas ished some Del ops ‘tile Lite pear. Taen er 8S ished that one presses, an Tien watches him ile Ms sewingon2 scrap of otha. anater mater) ma chine Fiennes later eal sewing spot eat ithe. {hens sprawled wih hisheado birrmenthemschingstseing ‘few minutter Gens ite Mt get roses rom cleaners (etastak precedence ove vl practice acy tn the at ‘oon Lit Me males cove pr athe sewing machine urton own, and Fischer araedhat hee wer enya” or leares, proved by “ouch” athe toe? spent, her a ects the environment besides coiching and cheng tem goals be Se teachng organised the learning proces Tothe eet tht thease Sid gid ety or the prec, he mainline provide mall vith lp oa vay foal tark 2nd ean. Tere itntons ‘limps forleaming activity Thy allowed apprentices tle hand sevingand inthe proce toe nde the greens te aor made As Gaidtomeone \Whea am apprentice one aed, you force him olen thing 20 ell et on qui: butane (U6 ep you with he wo) a ou sexs hand ew bstonson tons how oe, and fens These tee the et hinge the mater neds orton Later ca etn bymatching esis cate int redimeay kil, most ofthe re of he alte Inge dened) waamateroflearingtprode most or allfthe "Ende of lots inthe prot inventory. ny nto thee armen the pyrene eared reducrepeseteds shit tone dll tpn ‘Beappreniceap proces Repeated Learning Preceser etningt Mae Garments ‘Theprocesoflarniog to make garmeat happened ins way thatseesed ‘herder of production workby the aloe Agent del cold eared shout seving garment em tring i aon’ ands wile Bem trouser aflandmakingbutonoleeSorig pare roses wa grat ‘wey come undead blo tying why tower erect ons ‘eran wa, Abd cating ou povided ceason fr coming to ow about the conoursefbodies, and abot the Lind, rout, nd price of oth tandhow handle nth waythe proces of sppentesip wa differ. om the proce of proto Learn pret of work process ‘sree fem the maser constriction procedazes Though we sal Sethe apeetcn did pratice ng eh ite mtr Bn ke this was ao way andcomplistd et of practice ‘Aotherpevasvesetofarangements so shaped unig, ae ment Preach ume theappeentice et wet hough ay pt {esr upto the pont where he oll produce first apronmarion ofS Inger cating ou, lowe by pace ustil hecnld produce masta produce and do soraFiguring out the deta scwing process asthe saci te ap pnts sanutered that they woul eat foreach new garment arse eis ol wap roedurer Atala apprentice didnot tt sew 3a “ithe same tine be Sat buere at sein. ater be would ty only 0 ev aha, ot contact om sat ish. othe sls pen teencededand th product he waned make wer high vibe Other presi fequrly made hats, somany vesons of the relevant ets ‘Saldana bese “Appeiices tld ne that he way era mas to watch nti you knew oe ome all ogame wondered wheter hs sean fo erie waullead othe lopment fa coeepil med ef th p= ‘ssf pti the garment ogee (he goaflering stv acd {ng Burton own, and Fae) Ceri beng was dependent 20 the ongoing workin the hop rather thane pedagoycl demonstration ‘he fear aloburation could potberesred the work afters Iustr alos never make bao owes, Dara the summer itl trade potony hafta butalsos maneyag th pial ippe ‘Wiha maki of examples around tim he wnt off his and sewed thehats without ineracton with hs ater Het atsoved asp ofthe contin proces On the ter hand, the money lg, sown ‘enfon, bogged downinconcepaa deus, Le us sta wha bat “tere ievey litle woos ayaa wel apprentices ane Suingeroundterdlie to, ook at ile Ms hid hat, (He wl he second oJ, a maser talon ia the shop. for en cents) Lite M made double ow of itch Ingoneach eamasinerpen would Head eel tows stitching ‘onthe brim og tabape he faced the to ee ofthe at. (Fen Imuster BS sometines ois odo that when bes hay) Thats {llthe details masterful hat are pesent fl weve, cel tne. theowsofsitching waves thetiradistangled threat ace (there he fabric sie snd puckered aon oe rw of sch {round the brim sewed thei tothe at nd dst ober oak ‘hesfichescurandse swt AFG and Tarlooking atthe hat, bower, peoutthls ow of sicing sbpdoesUaimpreves te hat i cle new the sequence af steps apd oretation of ices of ‘lah nthe insides oatsepsning of Seams necessary to make shat eactualytredmatig a simple sie sbweks ter Sexibited imi sctofehractertie Alo hte were thet allthe pice ight Side oot and in prope ebton to eich ther pote abt cases ‘rete inexecition, pot inconcepabtion const forthe et peje tle hada conssent node ofa low The lorry made money bur wedsiper ile coldaet aveobered mor tana very few wie setere itunes of puting sipped ery dif ie wit inlet ismaking ony ag. lances imftom ne ime ot Tesh goonwihoutconment When Lieb isBaished,C.tkesthe bogs haldsirpfor him and say," stisthe way tose zipper” Ct itlntaclrade so the slides onthe nie the og ile M lke at at has done ad thenloks enburased He sae, ergot tps urthestthing snd ands tack Lite M pata thenippeto thea, ‘hen showaittoG, sting. "thisthe wy? €."Yex"G then comments ‘omethat be siw te mistake li butelnce omens Lit for elke he ews tg, inorder to teach im eson. ‘Sometines AM dos itright and dost ned otal him. mine hefrges” listo wleLitleM wiesgainonthesipperendsewsthe doth allthe wey ver the ier Lite Ml ivy wo op) fovsips ou the stitches hse eer opin, enced hie ne ‘he sea te ooked The tzede te ot teed fe has ed vite tendondekred ae, ate money hooey Bg Putin in spp isa ety complex prble the wo se at not seam symmesicaly the fstener gos between the lth ad the ppet lath sot ay opt confsed an pt efter oth se ats cule whe sewing ot wong whenfnishe. Hower, the conepta ‘ifiule of mking + at, which a igh wedge shaped pieces. rim ‘wthewa pees, iflening, saan. alo compat he octet eween Lite Hs ht conation onthe one ha and he cy a eet the other suggested ood of onceptsl modding Bad neon daring is eberatins ht making inthe shop before be mae ‘neki andthat hi ada impacto hint proactons. ‘och ebsevation wana the rel of ote vague demand forthe ap rence to"he saerane” Byvire ofthe apprentices cance, it ‘easanacve, oan proces: How Since the appesie cul ale ‘Sethemachinty thetic wahanded the pict ope amen he only eed o geo the spatial esenaon othe pees tae quence for ping ther ogee i order tose thers. hati ges advoendupinade ight andlfsifeso hel bad aban the igh letsiderofthetourers anda on. Only fewspecieKinisof ceeratons seeded tbe mide, The peice’ owedg hat he ado sew i at sere rom begining oe anda ef he pies would coutfoc hin focsed oberon on sequence and orentation Such reasons secmespeily aptargets observational lening ‘fee seu sfehnt rimentary ls as apprentice who thought te gayped the proces of eonstractng «garment ete o male aa tempo seit uly aaightwben the busines of hedaywasconcle hmstr were not round (but other apprentices were) sucess Be ‘toll ing the ned product tbe maser forapein the ext dy Fans be would watch ter apres and masters mae the tment util hie rap ofthe steps fn the roer andthe oven of ‘ices improved licen wot aain. reumably the bunker of west Tooktomakea pmenstuight rough vail among the apprentices ut tale consistent ld that too vor snateptrta produces tment ulin welimade tela the going rein heal Tis thor ‘Suthappeocimationtoa well made geomet marked then of ay pe fod represetetheohirementof some ee of sl andinditelthe tepinningots prasie phase, te gate which was toimprove both qa ‘yofproduction speed ‘the apprentice paced rowing the Rnd of gament be just Kame to pode fora wilebeloe he underoath wa process or eating ito Te way infor cating jt ike th ayn for sevingrequedcare= fultueratos by the apprentice of may ktances ofthe el hing But the esto making an eer was ually Higher fr cting out 2 arent ‘har ering it togethers ct oat. thereto, he ap rents weekly to ak for el frm mare advance appeenies ind etme eve ay for hip. Each way in was staggered ota it retapped with ace sequnces butt with ther way npesods The leene fe was didereat fom martes then since the master had be het sew sade out every garment ay gen ie but wa ang {oma them, while appenesr were working tear oma garments ‘mall aumber aie The ng requet for help mate moze With cating, sine the ously of ieee cote was cer presen ‘rete ineration withmatterrover carly seving tenes tpialy ‘esuredinretonto aecond, dr, ouhelfor. The acting of ‘hse iterctionwar alike toave signa efit event il “The money bag example shows how te M,begante detects cot tect his wm miata He lool at how be sewed he ipper the seed tine copize ier difewent err than he Beton pp cou and adit hima Apprentices alt dea wih mest fh mis takes themeees or they would hye ben nabe produce a complete gt sent before ajectng tothe maser naps fc, the masers ‘ere presented with only those ers their sppenices couldnt corect “his manimised the apprentices practice a coping with ist anf cused the masters atention othe apprentices more persistent el ties Therapist wo se erection eg scour othe nteitent sea reumacied nae of the maser coaching Te co of pprentice trots ths stage as iow excepting sacereplrnvelvedibe dos tang cut andreseingof machine madcsitches ‘Afteran apprentice knew how to make pment he made ote nd mote ‘ther antl he could make them wel MBs espn of i ape tices lluseas this approach orice ofthe maser] wa ie old ew outer (bt coulda sew fy 90 wall However bedi waste ry tie on routerbesasof he He et ging me rousrs tose stl be approvedof me tht cold now sew es ofwoaee very, Hema snarcommens about lang se sine Thi patio gy ighthecaled'succnsveappoxinaton”inwbichthe whol pocest sewing pment (orcutig tou} was repeated rm sta oahu ‘Llp were ely wellmade, Talked a many apprentices ad martes about which pars of making roses thy ound mos dif tole Terwar rar nani ‘ac pockaandfyrontson wouse. did aceinoted subassembly pr. ce inthe shop trom imetotine eB destbed woskog on bac kpocets separately rom making roses Lil M. pent rest del of tine work {ngon nse sree 6 tldme, “you pace x npn pice of doth ip pockets and side pockets thn when you sew you fe ro sersyo dit guy” But when approached numberof als, med ‘with information abou the steps they considered expecially diffe 0 befor special paticteeniqueforlering them the alos actively ested the es tht tee stetegy war pact ifl soerqencee Separate ised tht preter mater seein approxima. tin. AS commented "When ou tart eying ose tour youd the whale rousers What pols, spoils The bent ne maybe wil ao pei? (emphasis)Practicing sbstsembli ight have beens way rdce mistakes Bat practice by sucativ appronimaton was a beter way to lnterat Toenails anda concept model nto wamaoth rcee of ment ‘production eek eared bering mater snd avanced spre ecnt wor anditwouldseretheapprenicer elas they became mare practionersSucesive pposimaionvasaneficentformof practice so Tengasthe cost making mutates werent muchhighethan they woul! eiffel pst of constuction proceuee mere practiced in lation Fst aferalheexcepiona lof estas id oti thi ablty tome wouter bat inter aii to makes dosen pa trousers fom ‘Sarco finish noe dy. ow did the apprentices divide he practice effort mong ile armen? Whenappentices old both tend se chide sdravers ut {Tastyetinow how to mak oer aren hy sipped theo procedures ow incorrect oe) by making drawers fom saris ‘When they could nae bobs drawers the coke of wich mabe Uepeded on mateils avate an peronl incon. By th tie the Sree wae seiusy engaged mal outers fot imate sll twas ning shits, gowne ddrenes,thealcatono racic efiet fea come most nays function of the master peferencs abot hate wapietosl nd what isomers demended ow easy wa i for appene orcogine and comet tir ow mi {akes Hever abcrampeinwhich Lik Mra seresof miniature shit ‘las, Tlstokplae before he had made hs fist shir. has gone tba cloth for BS tse. Lite Mut smcthing out of feoth capers He folds in bal cting wt ods ke Tuite dees front He works onanother sep aaring of Lite Mow sw the" dene scrap ontop ofthe etangulr oe The hecatetheecangular pete these sia thee” ee He [att tur eight de out But shaker is eed, sess tops, {the slicing arte to come aut He estes the end of the ov ches The bein rune ot He refi the bobbi, pol eld beoees [stele apse Lite M finisher stching Thenketurmiseeton Tight Sideous He tent pointofthescinestorrnitwith Hestiches seroerthetoor sie ores ack alk to several pl, cases ou his uss with AS. ThenheatsLitiem what helsing Liem syssyly “Sew colic tas noworkatthermoment. Anh kesto ply ta Hecuteout smuchlager paper cll Lil Mwestches the ke Lite Mee: fondue snl rect it nde Lite Mr out om op ofthe Dew ps er patter, Thet bel Lite Mtoe paper ane Gly own paperoneand the ile clth one where Lite Means ot Lite Me ‘oe ool up, howe het de cating. Tite he es he sale beter He ime the top ogg, ari Tene opens iad Tooke ate Gtakenit tom him and eshapesthetplngde end toliteA, who nies a lok ti tenfold te col down inal ‘elongata done cue opodocethe Sse clr ape. [teatime stupa bis Opens it Fld api, aod rie some mote ook at Lites csrent io whit ow ar cured ala bat tomcormerssoit doco! noklieG's GaskeLitle “Who cata” ‘tle gezesto mae ( gesrendy ct troqsers and Litem wanders of. Gay, "Lile M dean ike tosty ere" Task "dnt know” Hepes out ‘nd getsLitde M Then epic upa hele batch falas cf MLE ‘machine They recut with oul bottomcorersie ite Ms (mesures trousers Lite Mls withthe eving aching, 28 paying tention 0G MP scat out more colle. 1S sendsLitleM outtobuywormachie neil Hafanhour ter eis back scng le tot the machine tithe Lite Wor G Jo ‘gaming i paral Aer afew minutes il Mtr making init shit calla apna Heats wo pieces ogetier (previously be tone sowedittpiseeof loth, then cat tesecoed wing the eat ‘le) eremenersto ape the top ds, which be orot the at etunsthe wo lee nade out, pats tees cael ogee Hepat thetabronthis ne wool. ‘ceutsout some miniature hing, bu Lite M daca wath. ei instead, geting ead oe iil onthe machine eso atte ‘ery edeat te clth When he turn the fet pin, uso the eat prlseutot he seam Hedacnitbotherto arn th rondo heart tosses iton the Gao and goes aut. Ten minutter bi back with apf of purple scraps hat he st have ound daraeédon the Bor Jngome other shop. Gy meanwhile, hs pened a piece af cloth cit large cellar shapeoutoit He sends Lite olf ain. onanerand ‘arn uder th ge of ison coli and thet Ther esis itctoa big pecf lth starting tthe, henacross tet then ‘down theorer sie He ims the big per flat shape (This i ‘he ecnigue Lil ued the Sat ies hn making olla) 6 funn itand hese there bottom eg, thes actos the marion prt ndaround ile as bees wandeting rund and now he watches this ttc ng anda folding hen te says goes out sity retin ‘now atnedandpresedbout inches sfound 1cmmentthaite Modoesitseemtowatchmuch Gay," Wel Weds sew abyss round here Ten sed for emphasis others oresonfer Lite M. {olen}, Then yee fyou wan flea, you make Cours shirts aru formoney™ ‘Therewer sever momensintiscolarexerise whenitleM. showed that be was able wocotest msl Shore e begs, he reaiaed hat hitstching wold oldandwentbackto retical When hecat outa call Cook fom hi apd wired the op ee Lie IM the folded immed, une a Toke then flied and ‘nme pai cot iowa wor Aston tothe eh ering ‘exouces ofthe shop, notice that Lite M ct the as onthe caller ier atten G. copying another master ALP, who in faethada sack hit Colles aleady cut outing om hi athe Iter ely thei was ‘king hth pated Lite He elon the Bet pl, ice (Gand8S were not making hice at thie, The ot dy Lil had oubl itching these sean tbe remembere tthe op dgewhichadesrnd fm the reiour ay. The podutste tales {en produced hoe dngnotieal overtures th constuction po ‘ess. Andthe immediate problems ausedby mista, oreampe sith ingen close tothe geo theclth,prsetedthemeleinmeitlyand ‘roo, town, nd echer (led about his set of thing nthe sera ofconpter programing debugging” andeated cot ‘esto tmajr fore a perhaps nate asp of such cottons in ‘Caltprodution she communictonof nastefletandands information tout the gual of what he lr produced war edly aalabe When [de sold hi second hat to lor fate cent bos head theta were avatetbat he customary ling peice orate was ada iy Thre ‘wera clear mesage to the apprentice inthis eansacon concerning the (lly of what he produced Ses provided penal eatin stakes ‘construction ee more psi Serdackto apprentice war oie Indiferot etios of det aol hence wa ichand informative appre tierce information na olyonsbs costed tera batle008 what tor weresorous snd how ich hey wouldinpede ae. ‘The Apprenticeship Proes ‘Tha deserted he enrynt apprenticeship ia amen ls ng with he recurng patter of ning how male each new Ke ga ‘pent hough bling» conepta nda ofthe construction prose Practicing sewing it watching Now to ut ou then practicing cating tout Ande sid ali bout the developmen of el correction tech siques Pater analy seglescnsnlringteappentcerip procera see 9 sprenieipp ‘here wereslitins Between th leaning of dierent gent Whe appreatces beg to lar bow to make clothes, way tvs ete wide spaced nthe pent knew how to sew» arent he i ot Tear tocuitou sunt head proce ood apronimaton he