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OptiSystem allows the design and simulation of optical fiber amplifiers and fiber
lasers.
The projects presented here are available under OptiSystem installation folder
samples\Optical amplifiers.
This tutorial will describe part of the library of optical amplifiers.
There are four categories of components in the library:
• EDFA
• Raman
• SOA
• Waveguide amplifiers
The EDFA folder contains the Erbium-doped fiber model and other models to allow
the simulation of EDFAs in the steady-state condition. Furthermore, the folder
includes models to simulate erbium-ytterbium codoped fiber, ytterbium-doped fiber
and dynamic models for the erbium and ytterbium fibers.
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LESSON 7: OPTICAL AMPLIFIERS — DESIGNING OPTICAL FIBER AMPLIFIERS AND FIBER LASERS
The second category is the Raman models. These components allow the simulation
of Raman fiber amplifiers. The Raman folder includes the Raman models for steady
state and dynamic conditions.
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The tutorial will use passive components that allow the design of amplifiers and
lasers. These components are spread in different folders at the OptiSystem
component library and some of them are described at Table 3. These are the
equivalent components to those found in OptiAmplifier.
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Optical Amplifiers
Global parameters
The first step when using OptiSystem is setting the global parameters.
As we already know, one of the main parameters is the time window, calculated from
the bit rate and sequence length.
For the amplifier and laser design, there are other important parameters that will
define the number of iterations in the simulations and introduce an initial delay in the
in the simulation.
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LESSON 7: OPTICAL AMPLIFIERS — DESIGNING OPTICAL FIBER AMPLIFIERS AND FIBER LASERS
These parameters are the Iterations and Initial delay, and are available in the global
parameters window (Figure 1).
For this tutorial we will use the default parameters, except for some global
parameters.
• In the global parameters dialog box, change the parameter Bit rate to 2.5e9,
Sequence length to 32, and Samples per bit to 32. The Time window parameter
should be 1.28e-8 s (Figure 2).
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LESSON 7: OPTICAL AMPLIFIERS — DESIGNING OPTICAL FIBER AMPLIFIERS AND FIBER LASERS
System setup
After setting the global parameters, we can start adding the components to design the
basic EDFA design.
From the component library, drag and drop the following component in to the layout:
• From "Default/Transmitters Library/Optical Sources", drag and drop the "CW
Laser" and the "Pump Laser" into the layout.
• From "Default/Amplifiers Library/Optical/Doped Fibers", drag and drop the
"Erbium Doped Fiber" component into the layout.
• From "Default/Passives Library/Optical/Isolators", drag and drop two "Isolator
Bidirectional" components and a "Pump Coupler Bidirectional" component into
the layout.
• From "Default/Receivers Library/Photodetectors", drag and drop a
"Photodetector PIN" component into the layout.
• From "Default/Visualizers Library/Optical", drag and drop the "Dual Port WDM
Analyzer" into the layout.
The next step is to connect the components according to Figure 3. As we can see,
there is one input port in the isolator opened, so to be able to run the simulation it is
necessary to include an optical null in the design (Figure 3 (b)).
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LESSON 7: OPTICAL AMPLIFIERS — DESIGNING OPTICAL FIBER AMPLIFIERS AND FIBER LASERS
(a)
(b)
Signals tab
Although all components are in the layout and correctly connected, we are not able
yet to run the simulation properly.
First, because we are considering the signals propagating in both directions, we will
need more than one global iteration for the results in the system to converge.
Secondly, in the first iteration there are no backward signals in the left input port of the
bidirectional components, such as the isolator and pump coupler. This will make the
simulation stop.
To resolve the first condition, you just have to increase the number of iterations.
To resolve the second condition, there are two possible solutions: We can enable in
the Signals Tab the Initial delay parameter (Figure 4) or we can introduce in the layout
the component "Optical Delay" (Figure 5).
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LESSON 7: OPTICAL AMPLIFIERS — DESIGNING OPTICAL FIBER AMPLIFIERS AND FIBER LASERS
Figure 4 Global parameters - Increasing the number of iterations and enabling Initial Delay
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LESSON 7: OPTICAL AMPLIFIERS — DESIGNING OPTICAL FIBER AMPLIFIERS AND FIBER LASERS
As we can see, the second design converges faster than the design with 'Initial Delay'.
The design from Figure 3 takes more iteration because of the 'Initial delay'.
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LESSON 7: OPTICAL AMPLIFIERS — DESIGNING OPTICAL FIBER AMPLIFIERS AND FIBER LASERS
Figure 8 CW Laser properties (a) Frequency parameter in Normal and (b) Sweep mode
Figure 9 Parameter Sweeps at (a) the menu tool bar and (b) at the Layout menu
(a)
(b)
• After you click in the Parameter Sweeps tab, a window asking you to set the total
number of sweep iterations will appear.
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LESSON 7: OPTICAL AMPLIFIERS — DESIGNING OPTICAL FIBER AMPLIFIERS AND FIBER LASERS
• Click on OK and the windows to enter the number of sweep iterations will appear.
• Choose the number of sweep iterations. In this case we select 20 sweeps. After
you click the OK button, the Parameter Sweeps tab will appear.
• Now we can enter the value of each sweep iteration, or we can select all the
sweeps and click in one of the buttons (Linear, Exp, Log, Formula, Gaussian, etc.)
to spread the values in a range. In our case we clicked in the Linear button. A new
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LESSON 7: OPTICAL AMPLIFIERS — DESIGNING OPTICAL FIBER AMPLIFIERS AND FIBER LASERS
window will open to select the wavelength range in which the signal will be
distributed.
• We chose the range from 1530 nm to 1560 nm, and after we clicked on OK, the
values were distributed.
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(a)
(b)
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LESSON 7: OPTICAL AMPLIFIERS — DESIGNING OPTICAL FIBER AMPLIFIERS AND FIBER LASERS
• The report page will appear. After that, select the Opti2Dgraph (graph icon
highlighted) and open in the report page a 2D graph. See Figure 13.
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LESSON 7: OPTICAL AMPLIFIERS — DESIGNING OPTICAL FIBER AMPLIFIERS AND FIBER LASERS
• After opening the 2D graph, go to the project browser window and open the
parameter folder of the component that has the information you want. In this case
we need the wavelength of the CW Laser, so we selected the Frequency
parameter. See Figure 14.
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Figure 14 View of the report page with the graph opened and the Frequency parameter selected
• ·The Frequency parameter was then dragged to the 2D graph and dropped at the
X-axis. See Figure 15.
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Figure 15 View of the report page with Frequency parameter being dropped at the graph
• After dropping the Frequency parameter, we have to get the next variable of the
graph. So go to the Dual Port WDM Analyzer and open the Results folder.
• Choose one of the results that you want plot in your graph. In this case, we
choose the Gain parameter. Now, drag and drop it in the y-axis in the graph. See
Figure 16.
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Figure 16 View of the report page with the Gain result being dropped at the graph
• After that, the graph Gain x Wavelength is ready. See Figure 17(a). The same
procedure was used to build the graph NF x Wavelength.
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Figure 19 Dual Port WDM Analyzer set with the results of the last iteration
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LESSON 7: OPTICAL AMPLIFIERS — DESIGNING OPTICAL FIBER AMPLIFIERS AND FIBER LASERS
• When we insert the SPO optimization, the SPO Setup window will open. See
Figure 22.
• In the Main tab, select the Optimization Type you want. In this case we selected
to maximize the result.
• Setup the number of passes and the result tolerance.
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LESSON 7: OPTICAL AMPLIFIERS — DESIGNING OPTICAL FIBER AMPLIFIERS AND FIBER LASERS
• Go to the Parameter tab in the SPO Setup and select the parameter that you want
to optimize. In this case, Length at the Erbium-doped fiber component. See
Figure 23.
• After you select the parameter, specify the range of values you want to analyze.
Be careful in choosing these values, they have to match the unit chosen in the
Component parameter. For this case there is only one unit, meter. But in some
cases, such as for power, the unit could be W, mW or dBm.
• In the Result tab, select the result in the Dual Port WDM Analyzer that you want
to maximize (Gain). See Figure 24.
• Because we want to maximize the gain, the Target value will not be enabled.
• Click on ok in the SPO Setup.
• To run the simulation you can go to the File menu and select Calculate. See
Figure 25.
• Before you press the Play button, click in the box to run all optimizations. Then,
press the Play button.
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During the calculation, the parameters and results of each pass will appear in the
Optimization Tab. See Figure 26(a).
In the calculation output tab will appear the optimum fiber length where we got the
maximum gain for the signal at 1530 nm.
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(a)
(b)
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