Science project

The German Renaissance specialist Georgius Agricola wrote works such as De re

Metallica (On Metals, 1556) and De Natura Fossilium(On the Nature of Rocks, 1546)
which began the scientific approach to the subject. Systematic scientific studies of
minerals and rocks developed in post-Renaissance Europe.[2] The modern study of
mineralogy was founded on the principles of crystallography and microscopic study of
rock sections with the invention of the microscope in the 17th century. Georgius Agricola
was a German Humanist scholar, mineralogist and metallurgist. Born in the small town of
Glauchau, in the Electorate of Saxony of the Holy Roman Empire, he was broadly
educated, but took a particular interest in the mining and refining of metals. Georgius
Agricola is the fist man who studies the rocks and minerals.
Minerals has different uses depending on their variety. Some minerals are use in
construction minerals include sand and gravel, brick clay and crushed rock aggregates.
They are used in the manufacture of concrete, bricks and pipes and in building houses
and roads.
Metals have a wide variety of uses. For example, iron (as steel) is used in cars or for
frames of buildings, copper is used in electrical wiring, and aluminum is used in aircraft
and to make drink cans. Precious metals like gold are used in jewelry.
Industrial minerals are non–metallic minerals used in a range of industrial applications
including the manufacture of chemicals, glass, fertilizers and fillers in pharmaceuticals,
plastics and paper. Industrial minerals include salt, clays, limestone, silica sand,
phosphate rock, talc and mica.
What Is The Environmental Impact Of The Mining Industry?

Water pollution, loss of biodiversity, soil erosion and pollution, and formation of sink
holes are among the worst effects of the mining industry on the environment.

Mines are known to cause severe environmental problems.

Mining is the extraction of minerals and other geological materials of economic value
from deposits on the Earth. Mining adversely affects the environment by inducing loss of
biodiversity, soil erosion, and contamination of surface water, groundwater, and soil.
Mining can also trigger the formation of sinkholes. The leakage of chemicals from
mining sites can also have detrimental effects on the health of the population living at or
around the mining site.
Environmental Impacts Of Mining

As mentioned previously, mining activities can harm the environment in several ways.
These are as follows:
Air Pollution
Air quality is adversely affected by mining operations. Unrefined materials are released
when mineral deposits are exposed on the surface through mining. Wind erosion and
nearby vehicular traffic cause such materials to become airborne. Lead, arsenic,
cadmium, and other toxic elements are often present in such particles. These pollutants
can damage the health of people living near the mining site. Diseases of the respiratory
system and allergies can be triggered by the inhalation of such airborne particles.
Water Pollution
Mining also causes water pollution which includes metal contamination, increased
sediment levels in streams, and acid mine drainage. Pollutants released from
processing plants, tailing ponds, underground mines, waste-disposal areas, active or
abandoned surface or haulage roads, etc., act as the top sources of water pollution.
Sediments released through soil erosion cause siltation or the smothering of stream
beds. It adversely impacts irrigation, swimming, fishing, domestic water supply, and
other activities dependent on such water bodies. High concentrations of toxic chemicals
in water bodies pose a survival threat to aquatic flora and fauna and terrestrial species
dependent on them for food. The acidic water released from metal mines or coal mines
also drains into surface water or seeps below ground to acidify groundwater. The loss of
normal pH of water can have disastrous effects on life sustained by such water.
Damage To Land
The creation of landscape blots like open pits and piles of waste rocks due to mining
operations can lead to the physical destruction of the land at the mining site. Such
disruptions can contribute to the deterioration of the area's flora and fauna. There is also
a huge possibility that many of the surface features that were present before mining
activities cannot be replaced after the process has ended. The removal of soil layers
and deep underground digging can destabilize the ground which threatens the future of
roads and buildings in the area. For example, lead ore mining in Galena, Kansas
between 1980 and 1985 triggered about 500 subsidence collapse features that led to
the abandonment of the mines in the area. The entire mining site was later restored
between 1994 and1995.
Loss Of Biodiversity
Often, the worst effects of mining activities are observed after the mining process has
ceased. The destruction or drastic modification of the pre-mined landscape can have a
catastrophic impact on the biodiversity of that area. Mining leads to a massive habitat
loss for a diversity of flora and fauna ranging from soil microorganisms to large
mammals. Endemic species are most severely affected since even the slightest
disruptions in their habitat can result in extinction or put them at high risk of being wiped
out. Toxins released through mining can wipe out entire populations of sensitive
species.
Some minerals that can be found in the Philippines are (Gold Copper Silver Nickel
Chromite Zinc Iron Calcite Quartz Feldspar Manganese stone Marbles Gypsum and
Sulfur minerals.

Some minerals helps our to grow or to cure some illness. Did you ever notice how TV
commercials for breakfast cereal always mention vitamins and minerals? But when you
think of minerals, food isn't the first thing that comes to mind. Aren't minerals something
you find in the earth, like iron and quartz?
 Well, yes, but small amounts of some minerals are also in foods — for instance, red
meat, such as beef, is a good source of iron.

Just like vitamins, minerals help your body grow, develop, and stay healthy. The body
uses minerals to perform many different functions — from building strong bones to
transmitting nerve impulses. Some minerals are even used to make hormones or
maintain a normal heartbeat.

Macro and Trace

The two kinds of minerals are: macro minerals and trace minerals. Macro means "large"
in Greek (and your body needs larger amounts of macrominerals than trace minerals).
The macromineral group is made up of calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, sodium,
potassium, chloride, and sulfur.

A trace of something means that there is only a little of it. So even though your body
needs trace minerals, it needs just a tiny bit of each one. Trace minerals includes iron,
manganese, copper, iodine, zinc, cobalt, fluoride, and selenium.

Let's take a closer look at some of the minerals you get from food.

Calcium
Calcium is the top macromineral when it comes to your bones. This mineral helps build
strong bones, so you can do everything from standing up straight to scoring that winning
goal. It also helps build strong, healthy teeth, for chomping on tasty food.

Which foods are rich in calcium?

 dairy products, such as milk, cheese, and yogurt

 canned salmon and sardines with bones

 leafy green vegetables, such as broccoli

 calcium-fortified foods — from orange juice to cereals and crackers

Iron
The body needs iron to transport oxygen from your lungs to the rest of your body. Your
entire body needs oxygen to stay healthy and alive. Iron helps because it's important in
the formation of hemoglobin, which is the part of your part of your red blood cells that
carries oxygen throughout the body.
Which foods are rich in iron?

1. meat, especially red meat, such as beef

2. tuna and salmon

3. eggs

4. beans

5. baked potato with skins

6. dried fruits, like raisins

Potassium

Potassium keeps your muscles and nervous system working properly.

Which foods are rich in potassium?

1. bananas

2. tomatoes

3. potatoes and sweet potatoes, with skins

4. green vegetables, such as spinach and broccoli

5. citrus fruits, like oranges

Zinc
Zinc helps your immune system, which is your body's system for fighting off illnesses
and infections. It also helps with cell growth and helps heal wounds, such as cuts.

Which foods are rich in zinc?

1. beef, pork, and dark meat chicken

2. nuts, such as cashews, almonds, and peanuts

3. legumes, such as beans, split peas, and lentils

When people don't get enough of these important minerals, they can have health
problems. Kids may take mineral supplements, but most kids don't need them if they eat
a nutritious diet. So eat those minerals and stay healthy. But be careful of taking to
much of this vitamins and minerals because some of them have various side effects
when taking to much of them. This are some effects of taking to much of vitamins and
minerals. Too much vitamin C or zinc could cause nausea, diarrhea, and stomach cramps.
Too much selenium could lead to hair loss, gastrointestinal upset, fatigue, and mild nerve
damage. My reflection about minerals. Some minerals have different uses and
purposes some minerals helps our economy and some of them are needed as a
building blocks. Many minerals can helps our body to grow and become stronger.

Sources: https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_mineralogy

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georgius_Agricola

https://kidshealth.org/en/kids/minerals.html

https://www.worldatlas.com/articles/what-is-the-environmental-impact-of-the-mining-
industry.html

https://www.webmd.com/diet/guide/effects-of-taking-too-many-vitamins

www.google.com

Nick Vlademir Gomac G-11 Stem-c

Subject teacher, Ma’am Glyzhel Florence Matias