Professional Documents
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Chapter 1
PROBLEM AND ITS BACKGROUND
Introduction
This chapter presents the background of the study, objective of the study,
country. Occurrence of traffic congestion has always been a problem for many
Philippines ranked 9th in the countries with the worst traffic in the whole world and
ranked 4th in Asia. The study done compared 88 countries where each was
computed with a traffic index that was used for comparison and ranking.” (Canias,
Roads are the basic medium of transporting goods and people from one
place to another. As the number of vehicles increases the roads are being used
more often which may result in traffic congestion due to the huge amount of volume
passing on the road. Generally, road network links in the urban areas frequently
intersect thus leading to conflicts between opposing flows of traffic and to delays
and accidents. As the intersections are vital points in a transportation network, their
traffic circle or large rotary, which traffic travels counter-clockwise (in the
Philippines and other right-hand traffic countries). Roundabouts have been proven
safer and more efficient than other types of circular intersections. Roundabouts
work than traffic signals at intersections with low to medium traffic volumes. They
reduce the overall delay, better handle intersections with high volumes of left turns,
reduce fatal and injury accidents, reduce the speeds of approaching vehicles to
the intersection, have lower maintenance costs, and provide an opportunity for
landscaping inside the central island. (Lively, et.al. 2006). There are no traffic
signals or stop signs in the roundabout. Drivers yield at the entry leg to give way
on vehicles passing through the roundabout then enter the intersection and exit at
America. There are several studies reporting an increase of service levels and
safety levels have also been mentioned in the studies comparing before and after
conditions (Jensen, 2013), and historical analysis studies (Gross et al., 2013).
were classical elements to be found in all civilized cities in the world. In those days,
the Philippines could be counted as one of those cities. Our roundabouts were built
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as part of a greater master plan prepared by Daniel Burnham, the great American
city planner, and architect. His plan of 1905 was followed, more or less, until World
War II and the roundabouts were part of his grand transport network. The network
was link sections of the city via wide, tree-lined avenues, fountain or monument-
congestion, particularly during rush hour. The most common factor affecting the
traffic flow is the huge number of vehicles approaching from different legs
located in Brgy. San Jose, Antipolo City, Rizal, where roads E. Rodriguez Avenue,
for Liwasang Jose N. Lico Park to solve the problem and have an organize traffic
flow on the said roundabout. However, the City Government of Antipolo didn’t
approve the researchers’ request for the history of Lico’s Park roundabout, so, it’s
Theoretical Framework
heavy traffic congestion in the area. In conducting this study, the researchers
(FHWA) and Department of Public Works and Highways (DPWH) standards for
the Traffic Management Plan (TMP’s). The researchers used these concepts to
with the idea of making a traffic management system at the roundabout located in
Conceptual Framework
This study used the Coombs System of Approach which shows the input,
The input shows the data collection which includes traffic count and road
inventory.
evening to determine the volume of vehicles per hour and to know specifically the
peak hour volume and also the road inventory that will be used in calculations.
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The output shows the best traffic management plan for Liwasang Jose N.
Input
Vehicles
Road Inventory
Process
conducting a traffic count from morning to evening to determine the volume of
vehicles per hour and to know specifically the peak hour volume and also the
road inventory that will be used in calculations
Output
The best traffic management plan for Liwasang Jose N. Lico Park Roundabout
The researchers believed that the result of the study would be significant
ideas that will serve as a basis to improve the traffic flow on the roundabout.
DRIVER. This study will provide the best traffic scheme on the roundabout
that will result in less traffic congestion and less travel time of road users.
The 5th year Civil engineering students of the University of Rizal System-
Antipolo campus in the year 2019-2020, conducting research that focuses on the
proposed traffic management system for Liwasang Jose N. Lico Park (83 L.
vehicles, tricycles, bus, goods utility, and motorcycles. The traffic counting will be
conducted from 6:00 AM – 9:00 PM only. The researchers assumed that there are
Definition of Terms
For a better understanding of this study the following terms are defined
public transport conveyance or common carrier duly registered with the Land
vehicles, streetcars, buses, and other conveyances, either singly or together, while
with the aim of understanding and developing an optimal transport network with
Road Inventory. This includes road location using both coordinate and
linear referencing systems, road width, road length, and pavement type.
Chapter 2
METHODOLOGY
This chapter presents the methods and procedures in this research study.
instruments, the setting of the study, subject of the study, source of data, and
and logically to get the solution to the problems or to get the answer from a certain
In this study, the researchers will use different variables such as the volume
data where the data will be manipulated to measure the changes and to have
To realize or achieve the purpose of the study, the researchers used the
following instrument such as drone, road map, multi counter, and record sheets.
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Drone
The researchers used a drone to record the traffic flow and to easily count
Road Map
The researchers used road maps as their guide on determining the different
Multi Counter
The researchers used the multi counter on counting the specific number of
Record Sheets
The researchers used record sheets that contain data like the number of
The study will be conducted at Liwasang Jose N. Lico Park (83 L. Sumulong
Memorial Circle, Antipolo City, 1870 Rizal). Liwasang Jose N. Lico Park is a
junction of roads in Antipolo City including Sto. Niño Street, E. Rodriguez Ave. and
The subject of the study is the roundabout located along the end of Sto.
Nino Street namely Liwasang Jose N. Lico Park. Lico’s Park Circle or Liwasang
Lico is a circular park located along L. Sumulong Memorial Circle Highway a.k.a.
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Circumferential Road in Brgy. San Jose, Antipolo City, Rizal. The park was named
after Jose N. Lico and donated by his heirs. The circular park has one big tree in
the middle. It is in the middle of four connecting streets, thus it serves as circular
traffic.
Sources of Data
The primary instrument the researchers will use in assembling the required
data involved in the study during peak hours is the drone. The drone will be placed
on a specific area focusing on the center island with different routes connected in
Another instrument the researchers will use to gather data is the multi
counter app, whereas the researchers can use it to count specifically the
number/volume of vehicles per hour. The multi counter application will be used in
The primary source of data are vehicles (such as trucks, goods utility
morning to evening.
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Procedure of Study
roundabout. After completing the survey we will extract the video from the
camera via USB cable to Laptop. Then the video will be played in VLC Media
player in slow mode and count the volumes of traffic on the entry of each leg and
circulating roadways. For any vehicles approaching the intersection, there will be
four possible turning movements of traffic, namely left turn (L), straight or through
Entry flow is simply the sum of the through, left, and right turn movements
roundabouts, these flows can simply be measured in the field. Right turns are
included in approach volumes and require capacity, but are not included in the
circulating volumes downstream because they exit before the next entrance.
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Rodriguez Avenue
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ENTRY VOLUMES
FROM TO
VLSMC(A)(L) L. Sumulong Memorial Circle (A) Sto. Nino Street
VLSMC(A)(TH) L. Sumulong Memorial Circle (A) L. Sumulong Memorial Circle (B)
VLSMC(A)(R) L. Sumulong Memorial Circle (A) E. Rodriguez Avenue
VERA(L) E. Rodriguez Avenue L. Sumulong Memorial Circle (A)
VERA(TH) E. Rodriguez Avenue Sto. Nino Street
VERA(R) E. Rodriguez Avenue Bagong Purok
VLSMC(B)(L) L. Sumulong Memorial Circle (B) E. Rodriguez Avenue
VLSMC(B)(TH) L. Sumulong Memorial Circle (B) L. Sumulong Memorial Circle (A)
VLSMC(B)(R) L. Sumulong Memorial Circle (B) Sto. Nino Street
VSNS(L) Sto. Nino Street L. Sumulong Memorial Circle (B)
VSNS(TH) Sto. Nino Street E. Rodriguez Avenue
VSNS(R) Sto. Nino Street L. Sumulong Memorial Circle (A)
The capacity is normally expressed in passenger car units per hour (pcu/hr)
and would depend on the so-called passenger car equivalent factors (PCEF) of
delay for through and left-turning movement from the micro-simulation model,
developed in his study (RONDSIM) The model for left-turning vehicles with
Chapter 3
PRESENTATION, ANALYSIS AND DESIGN RESULT
This chapter discusses the data gathered, analysis and interpretation of the
distributed survey result. The data were presented in a brief form, most of which
8500
7971
8000
7532 7543
7500
7089
7000 6811
6551 6646
6500 6340
6076 6203
6000 5729
5561 5614 TOTAL VOLUME
5546
5500
5000
11…
10-11…
3-4 PM
6-7 AM
1-2 PM
4-5 PM
5-6 PM
6-7 PM
7-8 PM
8-9 PM
7-8 AM
8-9 AM
12-1 PM
9-10 AM
2-3 PM
TIME
TOTAL VOLUME OF VEHICLES
FROM TO
6:00 AM 7:00 AM 5621
7:00 AM 8:00 AM 6551
8:00 AM 9:00 AM 5729
9:00 AM 10:00 AM 5614
10:00 AM 11:00 AM 5546
11:00 AM 12:00 PM 6076
12:00 PM 1:00 PM 7089
1:00 PM 2:00 PM 6340
2:00 PM 3:00 PM 6203
3:00 PM 4:00 PM 6811
4:00 PM 5:00 PM 7532
5:00 PM 6:00 PM 7971
6:00 PM 7:00 PM 8680
7:00 PM 8:00 PM 7543
8:00 PM 9:00 PM 6646
Table 4: The table above shows the total volume of vehicles per hour in
PM is 8680 vehicles per hour. This means that the peak hour in Liwasang Jose
These findings imply that road users passing in Liwasang Jose N. Lico
Park during peak hour (6:00 PM – 7:00 PM) are prone to traffic congestion or
traffic problem.
Table 5: The table above shows the level of service for roundabout in terms of
delay
Table 6: The table above shows the average control delay with its corresponding
45.695 while in Sto. Nino Street, L. Sumulong Memorial Circle (A) and L. Sumulong
Memorial Circle (B) is 13.266 sec/veh, 13.711 sec/veh and 27.767 sec/veh
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respectively. This means that the delay experienced by E. Rodriguez Avenue leg
worst than the level of service of other legs connected in the roundabout. This
supports the Highway Capacity Manual (HCM) 2000 which explains that the
average control delay ranging from 35-50 sec has a level of service of E which
Determine the demand flow of the vehicles entering and circulating in the
DEMAND FLOW
CIRCULATING FLOW
ENTRY FLOW (veh/hr)
(veh/hr)
1 4126 SN 1829
2 922 SH 2568
M
3 2160 3129
BP
4 2801 2263
Table 7: The table above shows the demand flow of entering and circulating
Based on table 7, the circulating flow at station 1 is 4126 and the entry flow
in Morong's leg is 3129. This means that station 1 and Morong leg are experiencing
These findings imply that vehicles passing in station 1 and in Morong's leg
causes considerable queueing on road, particularly along with areas with heavy
roadside friction (DPWH, 2013) and has few capacities of passengers. During the
peak hour, the tricycle has the greatest volume among all vehicle types with
47.9552% of total entry flow in the roundabout. In order to lessen the traffic, the
researchers proposed the conversion of the volume of the tricycle to the volume of
the jeepney.
1
𝑣𝑜𝑙. 𝑜𝑓 𝑗𝑒𝑒𝑝𝑛𝑒𝑦 = (𝑣𝑜𝑙. 𝑜𝑓 𝑡𝑟𝑖𝑐𝑦𝑐𝑙𝑒)
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Chapter 4
RECOMMENDATIONS
This chapter presents a summary of the findings and the research. The
Summary of Findings
flow of traffic, and the greatest number of vehicles entering and circulating the
volume and flow of traffic, the volume of vehicles entering and circulating Lico’s
Park roundabout, and the peak hour. The capacity of vehicles passing through
the area ranges from 5000-8500 vehicles per hour having the largest volume at
6:00-7:00 pm.
The researchers perform a traffic count each leg to determine which route
has the most volume and most congested. It was found out that the reason for
inconsistency of the number of lanes per leg, and the huge volume of the
As for Scheme 1, found out the signalized intersection was not appropriate
design for replacement in Lico’s Park roundabout. The delays computed for
As for Scheme 2, the researchers found out that the levels of service of
Bagong Purok, Sto. Nino St., Shopwise, and Morong's legs in terms of delay were
Conclusions
volume of vehicles entering on it and apply the best scheme proposed by the
researchers.
Recommendations
As the number of vehicles increases the roads are being used more often
which may result in traffic congestion due to the huge amount of volume passing
proposed traffic schemes that will help improve the flow of the roundabout and